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African coastal areas are increasingly prone to coastal challenges. The Niger Delta coastal areas are exposed to physical alterations due to natural and anthropogenic influences. In addition to current and projected extreme events such as flooding, erosion, sea-level rise, and heat waves, other conflicting factors increasing the vulnerability of the coastal Niger Delta range from the rapid shift in demography, urbanization, unsustainable land use, and inadequate implementation of relevant policies to oil spillage and gas flaring. All these issues, in addition to climate variability, increase the vulnerability and threaten the resilience of the human and natural environment. This chapter highlights the effects of climate- and weather-related extremes in the vulnerable riparian Niger Delta, based on existing facts and an empirical study, which gives insight on institutional challenges derived from the views of relevant technocrats, nongovernmental organizations, and stakeholders. Analysis of stakeholder views indicates some weaknesses and potential strengths of relevant institutions in addressing climate change issues through effective governance. Hence, scaling up institutional capabilities would enhance the resilience of communities and improve adaptive capacities. Key strengths involve employing existing institutional frameworks under relevant MDAs to climate-proof future coastal, riverbank, or lakeshores development.
Environmental Sustainability and Sustainable Development Issues in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria
(2008)
Negative Impacts of Oil Exploration on Biodiversity Management in the Niger Delta Area of Nigeria
(2008)
Environmental pollution arising from oil prospecting and exploration in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria has impacted negatively on the biodiversity of the affected areas. The main stresses arise from leakages of crude oil, gas flaring and the escape of other chemicals used in production processes. Effects on the flora and fauna of freshwater ecosystems in this part of Nigeria have been noticed. The government has established laws for protection of the environment from oil exploration, but these must be made effective in terms of implementation, enforcement and monitoring by responsible agencies. The oil companies operating in this region have also contributed to reducing the impacts of their activities on the host environment. This paper discusses the various impacts that oil production has had so far on the biodiversity of this unique part of Nigeria, and reports on efforts made by the government, oil companies and non-governmental organizations to remedy the situation.