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In public discussions about the health situation of children, issues such as lack of exercise, motor-skills issues and overweight are repeatedly dominating. According to Hebestreit, H. et al (2002) physical exercise is therefore a substantial factor for childrens‘ overall development. Bös and Pratschko (2009) came to the realization, that by daily activity positive effects on strength endurance, coordination and rapid strength are envolved and motions of the children get more confident.
The aim of this study is, to measure the conditional performance factor of 6- year old preschool children and to analyze the effects on their motoric development on the basis of two educational concepts about promotion of physical activity. A total of 37 preschoolers from 3 different day care centers, completed the german motoric test. The content reffered to the test items of 20m-sprint, push-ups, sit-ups, lateral back and forthjumping, standing long jump, balancing backwards and the 6- min- run.
In the data analysis, the Scheffe-test showed a significant difference between the middle group values. The facilities that aligned their concept to situation- orientated education and instructed exercise sessions, showed better conditional performance of the children than the concept of Elfriede Hengstenberg with the aim of free development of children.
A standardization lacking and the insufficient attention to quality criteria analysis when using therapeutic assessments lead to not loadable intervention results. Therefore these investigations must represent the basis for any uses of assessment. The goniometry is inevitable for the documentation of the mobility of joints. The kind of test procedures and their quality are however most contentious. The present study examined in a three-way blinded, randomized test-retest design, with for each n=10 test person and k=20 examiners, the intertester reliability (IER) and Intratester reliability (IAR) of the measuring procedures: “short and long goniometer”, “visual estimation”, “electrical goniometer” and “Vitronic Body Scanner with and without localization markers”. For the test procedures short, long and electrical goniometer weak IER and IAR (ICC 0,05). A diffuse international data situation makes a closing classification of the results more difficult and suggests the necessity for a high-quality meta-analysis to the topic.
Cold therapy is a common postoperative treatment that is applied in different forms. Many studies reported which influence different refrigerant have on lowering the skin temperature, to the sensation of pain and the reabsorbing edema. In conclusion it can be stated that a lack of quality and low number of available studies, the efficacy of cryotherapy do not assign and the application after hip and knee arthroplasty is even contradictory. Striking are the various types of information with regard to the duration of application, shape and intensity. Because of the missing evidence for sensibility of application intensity this study aimed to determine influential parameters with moderate cold (11°C) for improving the intensity control. 15 healthy subjects aged 23.2±1.26 were tested. The parameters BMI, fat mass and muscle mass were recorded. All subjects received a cold application by the invented and developed IceCube at the right knee joint for 15 minutes. The temperature was measured for six times with an infrared thermometer at five standardized points of the knee joint. During application and till the last measurement subjects were immobilized. The applied cold application resulted in a significant decrease of temperature in all measuring points concerning the pre-post-comparison. 20 minutes after removing the cuff significant temperature increases in 3 measurement points, still keeping below starting level, were remarked. Furthermore it is evident that the temperature differences of the muscular measuring points are significantly higher than those of the not muscular measuring points. Besides a higher fat portion leads due to the isolation effect in relation to musculature to significantly fewer variations in temperature. This realization is to be considered for an adequate intensity regulation. In order to confirm the force of expression of the results, it requires further investigations with higher test person numbers.
In the context with the high meaning of work for the human, the enormous job-specific demands on psychophysical performance and the need for a rapid return to working life in case of injury or disease, the importance of the diagnosis of occupational performance in therapy is high. Diagnostically and therapeutically challenging to workers are mainly the biomechanical, the sensomotoric and psychosocial strain in the workplace. In case of illness with rehabilitative requirements should therefore medical therapy be dovetailed with work and work-related activities. That connection is a necessary development of rehabilitative care system in Germany, not least in view of the legal order of the German Pension Insurance to help injured patients and to support their return to work. In the work-related orientation of medical rehabilitation is the professional life of rehabilitation involved in all phases of therapy. The instruments for the diagnosis of occupational problems are both objectively and subjectively oriented Questionnaires with external and self-assessment, FCE systems (functional capacity evaluation) and medical documentation systems. The Ergos® Work Simulator is a psychophysical FCE system, which captures the individual motor skills in relation to the performance of job-specific requirement profiles. The evaluation of job performance is based on a profile pool of about 14,000 professional activities. The tests are standardized and analyze frequent physical aspects of the work (eg lifting, carrying) to ensure a realistic assessment.