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Investigations on intra- and interannual coarse sediment dynamics in a high-mountain catchment
(2011)
Unspecific peroxygenases (UPO; EC 1.11.2.1) represent a group of secreted heme-thiolate proteins that are capable of catalyzing the mono-oxygenation of diverse organic compounds, using only H2O2 as a co-substrate. Here we show that the four peroxygenases AaeUPO, MroUPO, rCciUPO and rNOVO catalyze the stepwise hydroxylation of cyclohexane to cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone. The catalytic efficiencies (kcat/Km) for the initial hydroxylation were in the same order of magnitude for all four peroxygenases (∼104 M−1 s−1), whereas they differed in the second step. The conversion of cyclohexanol by AaeUPO and rCciUPO was 1–2 orders of magnitude less efficient (∼102 M−1 s−1) than by MroUPO and rNOVO (∼104 M−1 s−1). The highest conversion rate in terms of H2O2 utilization was accomplished by MroUPO under repeated addition of the peroxide (87% in relation to the total products formed). Using the latter UPO, we successfully established a micro-mixing reaction device (SIMM-V2) for the oxidation of cyclohexane. As cyclohexanone is a chemical of high relevance, for example, as starting material for polymer syntheses or as organic solvent, new enzymatic production pathways for this compound are of interest to complement existing chemical and biotechnological approaches. Stable and versatile peroxygenases, as those presented here, may form a promising biocatalytic platform for the development of such enzyme-based processes.
The catalase activity of three unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs) from the agaric basidiomycetes Agrocybe aegerita, Coprinopsis cinerea and Marasmius rotula was investigated. The study included analysis of pH dependency of the catalase reaction and H₂O₂ mediated enzyme inactivation as well as experiments on the influence of a second substrate on the course of catalase reaction. Apparent kinetic parameters (Km, kcat) for the catalase activity of UPOs were determined. Inactivation of UPOs by H₂O₂ is discussed with regard to O₂ production and remaining UPO activity. Furthermore formation of biliverdin as heme destruction product was demonstrated along with the formation of UPO compound III as a possible intermediate that forces the destruction process. Radical trapping experiments with methyl benzoate gave indication for the formation of hydroxyl radicals in the presence of excess H₂O₂. Eventually, a plausible pathway of heme destruction has been proposed, proceeding via UPO compound III and subsequent hydroxyl radical formation, which in turn may cause heme bleaching and verdoheme and biliverdin formation.
Assessment of subjective workload in an anaesthesia simulator environment: reliability and validity
(2011)
Unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs) are secreted fungal enzymes with promiscuity for oxygen transfer and oxidation reactions. Functionally, they represent hybrids of P450 monooxygenases and heme peroxidases; phylogenetically they belong to the family of heme-thiolate peroxidases. Two UPOs from the basidiomycetous fungi Agrocybe aegerita (AaeUPO) and Marasmius rotula (MroUPO) converted 35 out of 40 compounds listed as EPA priority pollutants, including chlorinated benzenes and their derivatives, halogenated biphenyl ethers, nitroaromatic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and phthalic acid derivatives. These oxygenations and oxidations resulted in diverse products and-if at all-were limited for three reasons: (i) steric hindrance caused by multiple substitutions or bulkiness of the compound as such (e.g., hexachlorobenzene or large PAHs), (ii) strong inactivation of aromatic rings (e.g., nitrobenzene), and (iii) low water solubility (e.g., complex arenes). The general outcome of our study is that UPOs can be considered as extracellular counterparts of intracellular monooxygenases, both with respect to catalyzed reactions and catalytic versatility. Therefore, they should be taken into consideration as a relevant biocatalytic detoxification and biodegradation tool used by fungi when confronted with toxins, xenobiotics and pollutants in their natural environments.
Structural engineering of topological bulk materials is systematically explored with regard to the incorporation of the buckled bismuth layer [Bi₂], which is a 2D topological insulator per se, into the layered BiTeI host structure. The previously known bismuth telluride iodides, BiTeI and Bi₂TeI, offer physical properties relevant for spintronics. Herewith a new cousin, Bi₃TeI (sp.gr. R3m, a = 440.12(2) pm, c = 3223.1(2) pm), joins the ranks and expands this structural family. Bi₃TeI = [Bi₂][BiTeI] represents a stack with strictly alternating building blocks. Conditions for reproducible synthesis and crystal-growth of Bi₂TeI and Bi₃TeI are ascertained, thus yielding platelet-like crystals on the millimeter size scale and enabling direct measurements. The crystal structures of Bi₂TeI and Bi₃TeI are examined by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. DFT calculations predict metallic properties of Bi₃TeI and an unconventional surface state residing on various surface terminations. This state emerges as a result of complex hybridization of atomic states due to their strong intermixing. Our study does not support the existence of new stacking variants BiₓTeI with x > 3; instead, it indicates a possible homogeneity range of Bi₃TeI. The series BiTeI–Bi₂TeI–Bi₃TeI illustrates the influence of structural modifications on topological properties.
Low-Cost Transmitarray Antenna Designs in V-Band based on Unit-Cells with 1 Bit Phase Resolution
(2019)
The eating habits of students differ significantly from those recommended by health practitioners. The aim of this study was to find differences related to diet quality and knowledge on nutrition among Polish, German, and Slovakian students as well as to examine which factors differentiate the diet quality of students from these three countries. The study was conducted on a group of 394 university students from Poland, Germany, and Slovakia. The assessment of diet quality and knowledge on food and nutrition was done with the use of the Dietary Habits and Nutrition Beliefs Questionnaire. The diet of German students was characterized by a significantly higher consumption of legume-based foods, vegetables, and fruit compared to Polish students and Slovakian participants (p < 0.001). The diet of the Poles was characterized by a high consumption of cured meat, smoked sausages, hot dogs, white bread and bakery products, butter, fried foods, and energy drinks. The most important factors significantly associated with diet quality involved the country, place of residence, Body Mass Index (BMI), physical activity, and time spent watching TV or using a computer. Polish students were characterized by the highest level of knowledge on food and nutrition (p < 0.001). However, it was not reflected in their diet. The authorities of universities should aim to provide students with access to canteens on campuses which would offer the possibility of consumption of both affordable and healthy meals.
Zusammenfassung. Mit dem Physical Self-Description Questionnaire Short (PSDQ-S) von Marsh, Martin und Jackson (2010) liegt eine auf 40 Items gekürzte validierte Version des Physical Self-Description Questionnaire von Marsh, Richards, Johnson, Roche und Tremayne (1994) vor, die bereits in mehrere Sprachen übersetzt ist. Die vorliegende Studie evaluierte den deutschsprachigen PSDQ-S anhand von 402 Probanden im frühen und späten Erwachsenenalter. Im Ergebnis lassen die Analyse der Reliabilität und Validität sowie der Vergleich mit den Befunden von Marsh et al. (2010), Stiller und Alfermann (2007) sowie weiterer übersetzter und validierter PSDQ-S-Versionen die Verwendung der deutschsprachigen Kurzform empfehlen. Ebenso wie die Originalversion ist sie für männliche und weibliche Personen, sowie für die Altersgruppen des frühen und späten Erwachsenenalters geeignet. Für alle vier Gruppen besteht eine äquivalente Faktorstruktur.
Arthritis is an illness, which is usually frequently due to degenerative or traumatic causes and can in almost all joints of the human body occur. Joints frequently concerned are for example the hip, knee and shoulder joint. Triggering factors are apart from immobilization also overload and micro traumas. Thus it does not surprise that in the individual kinds of sport some joints are affected by arthritis more frequently than others.
The promotion of the public health represents an important task of the popular sport. In order to be able to manage this task fairly, it is compellingly necessary to analyze the factors taking influence on the activity ratio. The frequent occurrence of pain affects the activity ratio negatively. The popular sport sees itself with an increasing
obsolescence of the population and all the same with older sportsman and club members confronted. Therefore individual kinds of sport must, in order to be arranged attractive for older sportsmen it, be examined on their pain and arthritis of promoting elements. These are to be reduced then and be supplemented by jointcareful exercise and training programs, which make a pain reduced sport exercising possible. Since there are senior groups in many associations, these programs are relevant not only for the individual sportsman to be implement but wide range of importance. Here a close co-operation of coaches and physiotherapists is in demand, in order to become fair to the complex requirements on such a training.
A Brandenburgian Judoka, who trains active for over fifty years, suffers for many years under arthritis in the hip joint. By the implementation of some physical therapy relevant training contents and a regular goal agreement, is it possible to merge the sportsman actively, despite hip joint total endoprosthesis, into the training happening.
To be able to make a representative statement on the relevance of the physical therapy support in the club sport, further investigations are necessary.
The concept of health has several possible definitions. One approach offers the (common) definition of health by the WHO, which distinguishes the physical, 2 psychological and social field. In their connection to the concept of salutogenesis by Aaron Antonovsky and the core objectives of the Health Sports by Klaus Bös and Walter Brehm health promotion programs aim the focus movement to improve the
physical health of the human resource. Consequently, the resulting physical core objective focused physical performance factors, such as the mobility, endurance, strength and coordination. In the study presented here were in the first Phase by means of a multidimensional test battery several basic motor skills of more than 500 non-physically active subjects of advanced middle-aged adults in more than 20 locations detected extending oriented. This was possible on one hand the assessment of achievements for each measurement time point and on the other hand their development as a result of a movement-intensive health promotion program.
In addition to the general performance of the working life requires a job-specific performance or the job-specific specialization of general skills. For the assessment of work-related performance is the Functional Assessment Instrument Capacity Evaluation (FCE) is available. With the aid of standard simulations, the FCE follows
the requirements in the work environment as realistically replicate. In the second Phase (from 2014) the job-specific performance of the subjects is investigated by means of the FCE to build on the test results of the existing health care funding needs-based to expand. The increasing mental and physiosche stress in everyday life and at work leads to increased stress on the job-specific performance and health.
Therefore get multidimensional health support programs, such as the program presented here, a growing importance.
Recent studies of the "male depression" deal among other things with the question of whether men classic depression symptoms are compensated or covered by masked stress symptoms. Symptoms, which may not capture a classic diagnosis of depression are, for example an increased alcohol consumption, increased irritability or increased aggressiveness. This question is strengthened by a simultaneous
consideration of the risk of illness and the suicide rate in relation to women.
Furthermore, the unipolar depression with a prevalence of 10,4% in Germany is the leading cause of impairments of life.
Subject of this study was to survey a population sample of 100 healthy physically and mentally male volunteers aged between 15 and 65 Years of age (mean age 29,64 years) in the Dresden area. Most of the respondents were laborers (46,8%), 29,2% were in training, and the remaining subjects were divided into 17,7% students and 6,3% of college graduates. The survey was conducted by means of two
questionnaires in January 2012 the Gotland Scale of Male Depression for detection of depression risk and the SF-12 as a disease cross-measuring instrument of subjective health-related quality of life. Exclusion factors were already diagnosed depression, mental and neurological disorders. The response rate was 96%. The results of the Gotland Scale documented a reduced well-being with a possible risk of
depression of 13,5%. In evaluation of the FS-12, the results were in the range of gender-specific physical health score was 21,9% and the mental summary scale at 24% outside of the normal range. In the comparison of the two questionnaires was a whole are obtained only a weak negative correlation slightly.
This corresponds to a significantly higher risk of depression for men as it occurs clinically in appearance and suggests that an approximately 50% likelihood of underdiagnosis is. Therefore, further activities in the early detection of stress symptoms in the diagnosis of depression and burn-out should be made.
One of the most commonly performed orthopedic and trauma surgical intervention is, beneath the joint arthroscopic intervention and the implantation of hip prostheses, the endoprosthetic knee replacement. The early postoperative rehabilitation takes place usually in the hospital. Due to the enormous reduction of waiting times it has an even more important role. Currently, therefore, the process guidelines on the content and 2 orientation of therapies are optimized on the basis of current research. A starting point is the application of moderate cooling and their coupling with elements of movement therapy. In contrast to the previous application (before and after a movement of intervention), we apply cold refrigerant during the movement. The aim of this pilot study was the clinical testing of a specially developed and based on Peltier technology sensor-based cooling system, including its assessment of efficacy.
This 8 very elderly patients (Age 78±2,8 years; body height 169±3,7 cm, body mass 84,9±9,4 kg, no other diseases) were divided into two groups and subjected to gait therapy. The treatment group also received a moderate cooling application of 17°C, which was permanently on the o perated knee, while walking. With those results there is intended to be a completely positive effective influence of cooling within the applied temperature range. As much drug-free pain relief and improvement of physical-motor performance (thus option of load increase and higher adaptation rate, shorten the rehabilitation time) in lack of contraindications are noted.
For final representative statements, further studies are necessary due to the small sample size. There is tend to both, excellent suitability, such as a clinical need of the constructed cooling system to be discerned.
In the last 20 years it could be occupied at numerous studies and researches that unemployed persons exhibit a significantly worse state of health compared with working persons. From this it can be derived that an increase of the unemployment duration leads to an increase of the illnesses. Due to different illnesses by unemployment, can develop effects on physical, psychological and social level. In order to work against this process and keep health consequences of long-term
unemployment as small as possible (not least for reasons of the reintegration into the job market), the health promotion stands increasingly in the focus.
A goal of the following study was to find out the effects of a strength-perseveranceoriented back training in regard to physical, psychological and social level. 13 longterm unemployed women (age 56.08 ± 3.17 years) were examined and trained 5 weeks. The state of health and the movement behavior was assessed with an anamnesis. The admission of the objective health parameters was carried out by the determination of the anthropometrics values by means of BIA balance, as well as by the determination of the strength impact from belly and back muscles using Total Trunk. The subjective health parameters were seized over a sensibility to pain scale and a questionnaire to the general habitual well-being. On this basis the obtained results, regarding the anthropometric values and the sensibility to pain, there could not be determined significant changes, but emphasized positive tendencies.
Significant changes showed up with some parameters of the general habitual wellbeing (Well-Being-Score, psychological miss-being), as well as with the strength impact, which took the main meaning regarding the training program.
Therefore it can be said that a 5-week strength-perseverance-oriented back training, improve on the one hand to the physical health, accompanies in view to the strength perseverance ability of belly and back muscules and on the other hand the psychological health, by a significant decrease of the psychological miss-being. Due to the open questions resulting from it further investigations are necessary, in order to confirm the force of expression of the results.
Unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs), whose sequences can be found in the genomes of thousands of filamentous fungi, many yeasts and certain fungus-like protists, are fascinating biocatalysts that transfer peroxide-borne oxygen (from H2O2 or R-OOH) with high efficiency to a wide range of organic substrates, including less or unactivated carbons and heteroatoms. A twice-proline-flanked cysteine (PCP motif) typically ligates the heme that forms the heart of the active site of UPOs and enables various types of relevant oxygenation reactions (hydroxylation, epoxidation, subsequent dealkylations, deacylation, or aromatization) together with less specific one-electron oxidations (e.g., phenoxy radical formation). In consequence, the substrate portfolio of a UPO enzyme always combines prototypical monooxygenase and peroxidase activities. Here, we briefly review nearly 20 years of peroxygenase research, considering basic mechanistic, molecular, phylogenetic, and biotechnological aspects.
Do small landforms have large effects? A review on the legacies of pre-industrial charcoal burning
(2022)
Relict charcoal hearths (RCHs) are small, anthropogenic landforms resulting from past charcoal burning and reaching significant land coverage in pre-industrial mining areas. We review three coupled legacies linked by RCH development: (i) a landscape-scale geomorphic effect, (ii) a unique soil fingerprint, and (iii) an evolving novel ecosystem. The history and technique of charcoal production are described to clarify legacy effects. Applying a recently presented morpho-genetic catalogue is useful for classified mapping of RCH findings. The RCH numbers and calculated RCH densities per study region vary greatly and impose uncertainties due to insufficient methods causing over- or underestimations. Areas with high RCH densities between 50 and 500 RCH/km2 seem reasonable. Machine learning-based remote sensing techniques are promising approaches with which to better assess the full scale of charcoal burning legacies. RCH soil properties feature dark charcoal-rich technogenic substrate layers classified as Auh horizons according to the World Reference Base with significantly increased C contents. These Auh horizons can also exhibit specific physical and chemical properties, such as relatively low bulk density, high porosity, high plant available water content, low thermal conductivity and differences in cation exchange capacity or nutrient status. However, relevant studies are rare, and thus, the effects may differ by study region. Regarding vegetation, there seem to be four main effects: changes in forest structure, species composition, recruitment pattern and productivity. The number of studies on this issue is, however, also very limited. Even fewer studies have examined the soil fauna in RCHs; thus, the reported effects cannot be used to draw general conclusions. Notably, RCH research has made considerable progress in the last five years, especially in the Light Detection and Ranging-based mapping of these small landforms and identification of RCH-specific soil properties, but ecological legacies are not well understood; thus, more interdisciplinary and integrative studies are needed.
The question of connections between pain and strength development and the influence of muscular imbalances on the development of pain and strength deficits has been of interest for therapy scientists for decades.
During the examination period from June until December 2014, one-dimensional isometric trunk strength measurements were carried out on healthy, middle-aged probands using the biofeedback device "Pegasus". The aim was to check out the predefined standard values of the company BfMC and generate standard value ranges for muscular imbalances. Furthermore, these examinations were used to capture occurring forces on other levels to assess their impact on one-dimensional measurements.
A standardized warm up was followed by the determination of the maximum trunk strength in flexion, extension, rotation and lateral inclination. Two measurements on 54 probands at the age of 22.8 ± 3.3 years and an average BMI of 28.9 ± 3.2 were conducted. In addition, the deviating forces were determined.
In target-actual value comparison, the probands were about 17.1% above the normal range of their respective age groups, with an average isometric trunk strength development in all six directions of movement of 835Nm. For the male probands it was also found out that they positioned themselves 63.6% above (average?). The female probands in total were also within the normal range, but 200Nm less power was generated and 34% did not reach the normal range.
Looking at the deviating forces, it is noticeable that 549.1 Nm (54%) were also applied in the other anatomic plains.
Here, there were clear differences between the deviating forces in the isometric testing in the sagittal and frontal plain. In the measurement results of the sagittal plain (Ext; Flex), the deviating forces were 45.8Nm (29.9%) on average in the frontal and transverse direction. In the measurement results of lateral inclination and rotation, the deviating forces were 95.3% and 110% in sagittal and transverse direction.
As a result, it can be noted that, despite the absence of pain, postural imbalances and diseases of the spine, more than half of the forces cannot be generated according to the axis. At this, synergistic functions seem to be physiological in this scope, in order to produce maximum plain equitable forces which basically questions one-dimensional measurements. The test results show significant deviations from the normal range, which raises the issue of the relevance of the defined standard values based on the evaluation of isometric force development.
Further studies will have to prove the relevance of three-dimensional maximum force measurements.
Anterior cruciate ligament rupture with subsequent reconstruction (ACLR) is a common and serious injury in Judo. Athletes rarely return to the peak of performance or are limited in their ability to perform their sport. Performance tests for ACLR are still immature and often unspecific. In Judo, the ability to stand on one's feet is an essential prerequisite for many situations. An unstable standing position also promotes knee injuries. In order to check the stability of the single leg stand, a controlled test-re-test design is used in the present study. Two groups are included: A (n=27): Judoka without anamnestically relevant injuries of the lower extremities or the back and B (n=17): Judoka 5.06 ± 1.06 years after ACLR. A one-legged hop test up on a piezoelectric force plate is examined for reliability with respect to the test repetition and validity with regard to the predicted identification of deficits in a side-by-side comparison. In this test, the test person jumps with one leg on the force plate at a defined distance and tries to stand as still as possible, which means that hardly any horizontal force is generated. Both tests are carried out one after the other with both legs and with sufficient break twice each. In group A, there were no significant differences (p>0.05) between the subjectively better leg and the subjectively worse leg, or the leg in the front and rear of the kumi-kata in Judo. In group B, in the first experiment with the ACLR leg, the test persons generate a significantly higher horizontal force in a 95% confidence interval of the bilateral coefficient of CI=[0.16-0.76] compared to the side not affected (p=0.017). In the test repetition, Group B generates with the affected leg significantly less horizontal force surges than in the first attempt. No significant differences in lateral comparison could be measured, although there is a reliability coefficient of r=0.89 for the ACLR leg, but only r=0.35 for the unaffected leg and r=0.53 for group A. It is concluded that the test for asymptomatic judokas cannot be regarded as sufficiently selective due to the low requirement. In group B, in the second experiment, a feed-forward model including pre-activation based on empirical values from the first experiment could explain the improvement, which has led to no significant differences between legs.
An important aim of the manual therapy is to improve the joint mobility and the functionality to reduce pains in the area
of treatment. In the individual manual-therapeutic treatment mobilizing techniques are mainly used in the spinal column.
The target of this study is to demonstrate the change in segmental mobility of the thoracic spine with asymptomatic subjects. For that an anterior mobilization of the Evjenth/Kaltenborn concept was used. 15 subjects were examined concerning segmental limitations. 11 subjects were included in the study. The subjects had no complaints or preexisting diseases in the spinal column. Their limited segments in area of the thoracic spine were mobilized on two days
of treatment with 5 repetitions and a duration of 50 seconds. In the first treatment a steady pressure of 100 N was applied by using a mobilization wedge. In the second the pressure increased to 140 N. The measurement of the mobility was carried out with the MediMouse method. In the functional tests of the lateral and frontal finger-to-ground distance as well as the thoracic respiratory mobility, the results of both treatments confirmed a significant practical
relevance of the manual-therapeutic mobilization treatment of the thoracic spine. Segmental mobility improvements were also seen, but they need further investigation with regard to the sustainability of the measurement results.
An important performance perequisites in men handball are the conditional abilities. Especially the sprinting skills and
the bounce and reactive capacities of the handball players are convenient. Increasingly performance diagnostic is transferred to the supporting physiotherapists so as, in case of motoric malformation, targeted adjustments affecting the training contants can be made from a physiotherapeutic perspective. This study takes up the aspect of performance diagnostic in the range of speed and reactive strength and pusues their comperance of the 1st and 2nd
team of the handball club Elbflorenz Desden (HCE, N=23). Both teams completed a standardized warm up. Based on a light barrier system the speed strength was measured during a 20 meter sprint. The measurement of the reactive strength followed as drop jump, whereby the ground contact time of the players was collected by using the Opto jump next. The outcome showed significantly higher results in speed and reactive strength of the 1st team. Due to the
performance differences of the two teams, players of the 2nd team should not be playing in the 1st team without acomplishing a specific training of speed strength. On the one hand it would lead to a poorer overall performance and on the other hand increase the susceptibility to injury.
Handgripstrength is used as highlighter for muscural capacity. Also it is capable to predict a healthy aging process and the future morbidity. Because of these facts the handgripstrength is used in the capacity-diagnostics for employment. Aim of this study was to examine the deficits of people from the second labour market comparative to people out of the first labour market. To expose these deficits the handgripstrength of 19 people(nmale=14; nfemale=5) out of the second labour market was measured with an handdynamometer and compared to the average of 28000 people from
the first labour market. The results have shown that there is no lack of perfomance in the handgripstrength of people from the second labour market. Conclusively the handgripstrength as an important requirement for work and reference of the muscural capacity, is not the limiting factor for an employment in the first labour market.
Niedrigwasser ist ein integraler Bestandteil des Abflussregimes, der einen zeitlich und regional begrenzten Zustand in einem oberirdischen Gewässer beschreibt, bei dem der Wasserstand oder der Abfluss einen bestimmten Schwellenwert erreicht oder unterschreitet. Die Kenntnis der Niedrigwasserverhältnisse in einem Gewässer hat damit große Bedeutung für seine zielgerichtete wasserwirtschaftliche Nutzung und ökologische Bewertung.
Niedrigwasser ist in erster Linie bedingt durch Niederschlagsmangel, kann sich jedoch auch durch den Rückhalt des Niederschlags in der Schneedecke, in Gletschern oder im gefrorenen Untergrund ergeben. Zudem kann es anthropogen durch diverse Bewirtschaftungsmaßnahmen im Gewässer oder dessen Einzugsgebiet verstärkt oder abgeschwächt werden.
In diesem Merkblatt werden zunächst die wichtigsten Kenngrößen für das Niedrigwasser definiert: Niedrigwasserabfluss bzw. -wasserstand, Unterschreitungsdauer, Abflussdefizit sowie aus der Dauerlinie abgeleitete Quantile. Für die Ermittlung der Unterschreitungsdauer und des Abflussdefizits sind Schwellenwerte erforderlich. Sie sollten in Abhängigkeit von der Zielstellung der Untersuchung festgelegt werden.
Es werden sowohl die natürlichen und anthropogenen Einflussgrößen auf das Niedrigwasser diskutiert, als auch die genannten Kenngrößen und deren Ableitung aus der Ganglinie vorgestellt. Darauf aufbauend entwickeln sich inhaltlich die Kernthemen des Merkblatts: (1) Wahrscheinlichkeitsanalyse von Niedrigwasserabflüssen und (2) Wahrscheinlichkeitsanalyse von Unterschreitungsdauern und Abflussdefiziten. Mit Hilfe eines Verfahrensablaufs und anhand von Beispielen wird dem Leser schrittweise das methodische Vorgehen vermittelt – von der Festlegung der Kenngröße bis hin zur Ermittlung ihrer Quantile und deren Konfidenzgrenzen. Beide Verfahren setzen Stationarität der zugrundeliegenden Serien voraus, sodass im dritten Kernthema des Merkblatts (instationäre Wahrscheinlichkeitsanalyse) diskutiert wird, welche Möglichkeiten bestehen, um mit signifikanten Instationaritäten im Rahmen der Wahrscheinlichkeitsanalyse umzugehen.
Proximity sensors reveal social information transfer in maternity colonies of Common noctule bats
(2019)
Die Sprache gilt als wesentliche Schlüsselkompetenz, welche sich auf nahezu alle anderen Entwicklungsbereiche eines Kindes auswirkt. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist es nicht verwunderlich, dass die kindliche Sprachentwicklung unter besonderer elterlicher, erzieherischer und ärztlicher Beobachtung steht. In der nationalen Fachliteratur wird immer wieder zur Diskussion gestellt, dass die Zahl von Sprachentwicklungsstörungen einschließlich der daraus resultierenden Lern- und Verhaltensstörungen in den letzten Jahren drastisch angestiegen sei. Um dieser Frage nachzugehen, wurden die vollständigen Datensätze des Kinder- und Jugendärztlichen Dienstes (KJÄD) der Einschulungsuntersuchungen der Jahre 2008/2009, 2009/2010 und 2010/2011 des Gesundheitsamtes Dresden ausgewertet. Für die Erfassung von Sprachentwicklungsauffälligkeiten kommt seit dem Schuljahr 2004/05 das Screening des Entwicklungsstandes S-ENS zum Einsatz. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die aktuellen Prävalenzraten kindlicher Sprachentwicklungsauffälligkeiten in Dresden zu ermitteln. Für die Beurteilung möglicher sozialer Einflüsse auf die Sprachentwicklung wurde ein weiterer unabhängiger Datensatz der Kommunalen Bürgerumfrage aus dem Jahr 2010 hinzugezogen. Die Ergebnisse bestätigten im Untersuchungszeitraum einen leichten Anstieg der auffälligen Testergebnisse des KJÄD von insgesamt 2,8 Prozent, welcher zwischen den einzelnen Ortsämtern sehr stark divergiert. Der Extremgruppenvergleich zeigte anhand der Daten der KBU mögliche Hinweise für soziale Einflüsse auf die Sprachentwicklung des Kindes auf. Die Ergebnisse unterscheiden sich mit 12,5 Prozent zwischen den Punktwertresultaten des S-ENS und der Gesamtbeurteilung des Sprachergebnisses der Ärzte deutlich. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit bestätigen keinen eindeutigen Anstieg der kindlichen Sprachauffälligkeiten in Dresden. Eine weitere Erfassung des Sprachstandes mit Hilfe des S-ENS sollte kritisch überdacht werden. Ein kausaler Einfluss sozioökonomischer Faktoren auf die Sprachentwicklung war anhand der Datensätze nicht beurteilbar und sollte in weiteren Studien untersucht werden.
Aktuelle Studien und populärwissenschaftliche Veröffentlichungen weisen auf einen Rückgang motorischer Fähigkeiten bei Kindern und Jugendlichen hin. Dadurch ist, forciert durch die Verfolgung unterschiedlicher Interessen, ein Bild des generellen motorischen Leistungsverlustes entstanden, das mit Blick auf die gesellschaftliche Leistungsfähigkeit unter anderem physiotherapeutische Interventionen im Vorschulbereich postuliert. Die hier vorliegende Studie widmet sich dieser Thematik und untersucht den Status konditioneller Fähigkeiten von Vorschulkindern. Dabei wurden ausgewählte Kindergärten des Großraumes Dresden mittels Deutschem Motorik – Test unter weitestgehend standardisierten Feldbedingungen analysiert. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass im Bereich der konditionellen Fähigkeiten nur die Kraftausdauer der Bauchmuskulatur und die aerobe Ausdauerleistungsfähigkeit Defizite aufweisen.
Letzteres verdeutlicht sich signifikant bei 6-jährigen Vorschulkindern, die in altersgemischten Gruppen betreut werden. Insgesamt ist zu schlussfolgern, dass ein weit angelegter Einsatz physiotherapeutischer Interventionen für die gezogene Stichprobe im Bereich der Dimension „konditionelle Fähigkeiten“ nicht notwendig ist. Unter primärpräventivem Charakter ist aber die Kräftigung der Bauchmuskulatur (hier Kraftausdauer) und die Verbesserung der aeroben Ausdauerleistungsfähigkeit nachzusteuern.
Eine Vielzahl aktueller Studien und populärwissenschaftlicher
Veröffentlichungen weist auf einen Rückgang motorischer
Fähigkeiten bei Kindern und Jugendlichen hin. Dadurch ist,
forciert durch die Verfolgung unterschiedlicher Interessen, das Bild
eines generellen motorischen Leistungsverlusts entstanden, das mit
Blick auf die gesellschaftliche Leistungsfähigkeit der Kinder unter
anderem physiotherapeutische Interventionen im Vorschulbereich
postuliert. Die hier vorliegende Studie widmet sich dieser Thematik
und untersucht den Status konditioneller Fähigkeiten bei 6-jährigen
Vorschulkindern.
Nach mehrjähriger Arbeit der DWA-Arbeitsgruppe HW-3.1
„Niedrigwasser“ hat die DWA im Oktober 2020 den Gelbdruck
für das Merkblatt DWA-M 541 „Statistische Analyse von
Niedrigwasserkenngrößen“ veröffentlicht. Mehr als 100 Anmerkungen
gingen zum Gelbdruck ein, die die Arbeitsgruppe akribisch
geprüft hat. Der Weißdruck des Merkblattes steht nun kurz
bevor. Der Beitrag stellt die inhaltlichen Kernpunkte des Merkblattes
vor, schildert die Entstehung des Merkblattes und bietet
einen Ausblick auf die kommenden Aufgaben der Arbeitsgruppe.
The standard screening test for the recognition of autoimmune diseases is the proof of autoantibodies in serum of patients by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) based on HEp‐2 cells. Manual evaluation of this test is very subjective, slow, and there are no objective parameters as guidelines available. Interlaboratory tests showed occasionally large deviations in the test evaluation resulting in a high variance of results. The aim of this project is fast, objective, safe, and economical automatic analysis of HEp‐2 IIF patterns. Images of IIF patterns were completely and automatically captured using an inverse motorized fluorescence microscope. Thereby, device‐specific parameters were controlled automatically, too. For fast analysis of IIF patterns new algorithms of image processing were developed. Artifacts were recognized and excluded from analysis by the developed software. Analysis of more than 80,000 images clearly demonstrated full automatization and fast processing of IIF patterns. Additionally serum‐specific fluorescence could be easily distinguished from background. Even very weak but positive patterns can be recognized and used for diagnosis. A detailed separation into different basic patterns is possible. Objective, fast, and disease‐related economical analysis of HEp‐2 immunofluorescence patterns is feasible. The implemented software algorithms allowed a mathematical way of describing IIF patterns and can therefore be a useful tool for the needed standardization process.
Recently, it was shown that patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) who exhibit an “Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like” pattern of brain atrophy are at greater risk for future cognitive decline. This study aimed to investigate whether this association is domain-specific and whether atrophy associated with brain aging also relates to cognitive impairment in PD. SPARE-AD, an MRI index capturing AD-like atrophy, and atrophy-based estimates of brain age were computed from longitudinal structural imaging data of 178 PD patients and 84 healthy subjects from the LANDSCAPE cohort. All patients underwent an extensive neuropsychological test battery. Patients diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment or dementia were found to have higher SPARE-AD scores as compared to patients with normal cognition and healthy controls. All patient groups showed increased brain age. SPARE-AD predicted impairment in memory, language and executive functions, whereas advanced brain age was associated with deficits in attention and working memory. Data suggest that SPARE-AD and brain age are differentially related to domain-specific cognitive decline in PD. The underlying pathomechanisms remain to be determined.
We present two case studies that demonstrate how a common evaluation methodology can be used to assess the reliability of regional climate model simulations from different fields of research. In Case I, we focused on the agricultural yield loss risk for maize in Northeastern Brazil during a drought linked to an El-Niño event. In Case II, the present-day regional climatic conditions in Europe for a 10-year period are simulated. To comprehensively evaluate the model results for both kinds of investigations, we developed a general methodology. On its basis, we elaborated and implemented modules to assess the quality of model results using both advanced visualization techniques and statistical algorithms. Besides univariate approaches for individual near-surface parameters, we used multivariate statistics to investigate multiple near-surface parameters of interest together. For the latter case, we defined generalized quality measures to quantify the model's accuracy. Furthermore, we elaborated a diagnosis tool applicable for atmospheric variables to assess the model's accuracy in representing the physical processes above the surface under various aspects. By means of this evaluation approach, it could be demonstrated in Case Study I that the accuracy of the applied regional climate model resides at the same level as that we found for another regional model and a global model. Excessive precipitation during the rainy season in coastal regions could be identified as a major contribution leading to this result. In Case Study II, we also identified the accuracy of the investigated mean characteristics for near-surface temperature and precipitation to be comparable to another regional model. In this case, an artificial modulation of the used initial and boundary data during preprocessing could be identified as the major source of error in the simulation. Altogether, the achieved results for the presented investigations indicate the potential of our methodology to be applied as a common test bed to different fields of research in regional climate modeling.
Intermetallic alloys such as FeTi have attracted ever-growing attention as a safe and efficient hydrogen storage medium. However, the utilization of high-purity metals for the synthesis of such materials poses considerable concerns over the environmental sustainability of their large-scale production. Here, we report an approach for synthesizing FeTi from industrial scraps of iron (steels C45 and 316 L) and titanium (Ti alloy Grade 2) to reduce the carbon footprint associated with FeTi alloy synthesis, without compromising their hydrogen storage properties. At 50 °C and a pressure of 0 to 100 bar, the alloys obtained by using C45-Ti Grade 2 and 316L-Ti Grade 2 can absorb a maximum amount of hydrogen of 1.61 wt.% and 1.50 wt.%, respectively. Moreover, depending on the type of steel utilized, the thermodynamic properties can be modified. Our findings pave a pathway for developing high-performance, environmentally-sustainable FeTi alloys for hydrogen storage purposes using industrial metal wastes.
Purpose. The aim of this study was to assess the reproducibility and reliability of the KomPAN questionnaire among two groups of university students from Germany and Slovakia. Methods. A total of 422 individuals (mean age 21.4 years, SD 4.0), including 197 from Slovakia (men 26.2%) and 225 from Germany (men 22.3%), were tested using the self-administered (SA-Q) version of the KomPAN questionnaire and then retested two weeks later. A cross-classification analysis, kappa coefficients, Cronbach’s ɑ coefficients, and a test-retest result comparison were conducted separately for each group of students to assess the reproducibility and reliability of the questionnaire. Results. The cross-classification values were higher than 46.2% among the German students and higher than 55.8% among the Slovakian students. The kappa coefficients ranged from 0.21 to 0.90 in the German students and from 0.38 to 0.94 in the Slovakian students. Cronbach’s ɑ ranged from 0.58 to 0.78. Conclusion. The questionnaire displayed a moderate to very good reproducibility, which was slightly higher in the Slovakian group than in the German group. Therefore, the questionnaire can be recommended for further analysis and comparison of the dietary habits among Germans and Slovakians on a larger scale.
We hereby present the findings for a new technology to produce portable, flexible, long- term stable and high-resolution sensors and measuring systems for individual lactate value recording in body sweat for regenerative and sports.
A main goal of this study has been the identification of application sites according to body sweat quality and quantity, as well as easy accessibility and handling of the measurement site. For the continuous recording of the lactate value curve with integrated temperature compensation, new types of multifunctional sensor constructions and evaluation algorithms have been developed that can detect and evaluate these parameters precisely and interference-free in real time in body sweat in order to establish a diagnostic correlation with the clinical, therapeutic and sports medicine performance- oriented application scenarios. For this purpose, suitable planar sensor principles have been investigated and a planar sensor was developed. A textile-based sensor suitable for long-term use (several hours to several days of use) has been developed as a braided construction. In particular, a functionalized chitosan layer with a sensitive enzyme and several required electrodes wires have been purposefully used.
Due to a high selectivity, i.e. clear signal interpretation even in the presence of other substances in body sweat, enzymatic measuring systems in an amperometric measure- ment design were primarily investigated. The preferred solution of the developed planar sensor is to be used as a reference sensor for calibration and, together with the preferred solution of the textile sensor, is to be integrated into the demonstrators.
From the intended project results, an immediate direct benefit can be derived for SMEs in the textile manufacturing, finishing and medical products sectors and for the measurement and sensor technology sector.
Nowadays, employment takes a central role in the society, the work-related performance diagnostics are increasingly becoming the focus of attention. In consideration of the changing professional life, by mega trends like digitization, globalization and demographic change, there is a need to adapt these procedures to future-relevant conditions.
Because of that, the aim of this investigation is to fathom the importance of the work intensity for the future job market.
The sample consists of 86 persons. The first group (N = 36) encloses employed person of the first job market. The second group (N = 50) exists of people of the federal program „Social Participation in the labor market“. About a cross section elevation both groups were compared with each other as well as standard value comparisons were drawn. The upraised parameters are the state of health and the work intensity on the example of lifting force (lifting ground to waist
height). The health situation of these both groups showed significant differences in almost all parameters. The central result is the missing significance between the groups in the maximum force values while lifting. Also the standard value comparison of lifting did not produce a significant association to the group and less than half of all study participants reached the norm. Despite differences in the health status of the two groups, due to the approximate force values of lifting, a decreasing importance of this ability to participation in the future labor market can be noted. In conclusion, the existing work-related diagnostic procedures which still move the working intensity in the center of all assessments, should be reconsidered. However this results reflects initial tendencies, this has to be proven by further
investigations.
After traumata and other injuries of the lower limps often balance based sensory-motor workout is carried out. During this process the torso control is commonly neglected. Our current research project should analyze the workout efficiency of the Spacecurl on the postural control related to the balance ability of the subjects. Coincident, the project should draw conclusions about the exercise methodology. For that reasons, the realized trial is a preinvestigation of 10 unaffected students. All students were randomly divided into a group with Spacecurl workout (n = 5 ; age: 23.6 ± 1.82 years) and one control group without intervention (n = 5 ; age 24.0 ± 1.87 years). The intervention group has accomplished two 15-minute workouts per week in the Spacecurl. During the whole trial period of five weeks the severity of the exercise was systematically increased. A pre/post measurement of the balance ability (one leg stand left and right) was carried out on the Posturomed using the PosturoKybernetiktest from the company Haider. The intervention group achieved an improvement of 28,9% (right) and 31,8% (left) respectively. That implies the importance of postural control directed workout for enhancement of the balance ability after traumata. A follow-up study will examine the transferability of the methodology on patients.
In public discussions about the health situation of children, issues such as lack of exercise, motor-skills issues and overweight are repeatedly dominating. According to Hebestreit, H. et al (2002) physical exercise is therefore a substantial factor for childrens‘ overall development. Bös and Pratschko (2009) came to the realization, that by daily activity positive effects on strength endurance, coordination and rapid strength are envolved and motions of the children get more confident.
The aim of this study is, to measure the conditional performance factor of 6- year old preschool children and to analyze the effects on their motoric development on the basis of two educational concepts about promotion of physical activity. A total of 37 preschoolers from 3 different day care centers, completed the german motoric test. The content reffered to the test items of 20m-sprint, push-ups, sit-ups, lateral back and forthjumping, standing long jump, balancing backwards and the 6- min- run.
In the data analysis, the Scheffe-test showed a significant difference between the middle group values. The facilities that aligned their concept to situation- orientated education and instructed exercise sessions, showed better conditional performance of the children than the concept of Elfriede Hengstenberg with the aim of free development of children.
A good eye-hand-coordination is always needed to effectively manage the professional requirements. The Purdue Pegboard-Test gathers the quality of the neuromuscular interaction and is since over 60 years one of the test instruments for the labourmarket performance diagnostics. In this study the test persons levels were compared with job specific norms. The ivenstigation team includes 19 persons from Brandenburg.The performance were measured for each hand, both hands and a combination task. The results from the test persons show significant below-avarage performances.
Therefore we can conclude, that the improvement of eye-hand-coordination is necessary.
Apart from widespread medical and therapeutic expertise a physical therapists needs occupation specific physical resources. Concerning the upper limb a distinct hand grip strength as well as a precise eye-hand coordination are of vital importance. Furthermore the therapists outcome of executed standardized grip settings of manual techniques and power impulses, i.e. the strength testing according to Janda, both handed or mirrored should be nearly identical. Potential individual disbalances could distort the medical findings of the patient or even influence the therapy in a negative matter. Therefore the balanced bimanual working should already be learned during the vocational training and should then be kept during the years of work. The aim of this study about physical therapists was to gain knowledge about possible disbalances of the observed skills. The sample consists of 47 test persons, including 27 pupils of physical therapy (M = 22.2 years, SD = 4.7) and 20 working physical therapists (M = 38.9 years, SD = 9.7). In an elicitation the status of the handgrip strength was acquired with a hand dynamometer whereas the status of the eye-hand coordination and of the finger skillfulness was acquired with the pegboard. There were no statistical significant disbalances found within cohorts. In contrast to that the group of pupils showed side differences regarding the finger skillfulness and the eye-hand coordination. Those differences didn’t occur in the group of working physical therapists. Therefore two conclusions could be made: (1.) either the former side differences of working physical therapists are equalized by the daily work or (2.) the disbalances show a trend regarding the regressive skills of new pupils. Finally it is recommended to execute a larger longitudinal study to evaluate the regression of both handed, sensomotoric skills of future physical therapists and to counteract this development- if necessary - with a bimanual subject area embedded in the curriculum of the vocational education.
Digitalization is the central challenge of the modern working environment. Some professions were always in need of digital skills, other professions now gain the need for these skills as well. With the importance of visumotor skills on the rise, the significance of conditional abilities will keep decrea-sing. Exact accuracy at top speed is increasingly needed in occupations like control tower operator, train conductor or in a control room of emergency services.
New challenges in physiotherapeutic performance diagnostics and treatments continue to develop throughout this megatrend. It is also important not to limit the performance diagnostics due to age. Firstly, digital skills get crammed by children already at young age, useful for the modern working environment. These recent develpoments show the need for performance diagnostics of all ages. One approach are techniques with infrared LEDs and vertical lasers. Business and free time chal-lenges can be transformed and measured precisely in virtual reality. We developed the plate tap-ping test to test the upper body reaction time in a virtual environment. As in the first steps in the VR performance diagnostic we plan to test 300 probands of different age. Furthermore, a VR Test-ing battery will be developed, in order to simulate realistic requirements for an individual perfor-mance profile.
Comparison of the curve of the lactate concentration in the medium sweat an blood at constand load
(2018)
Lactate acts not only as a metabolic indicator for aerobic capacity, but also as a marker for an increased mortality risk. Therefore, its determination is of vital importance in intensive medical care, physical therapy rehabilitation of cardiological and other internal patients as well as in mass and competitive sports. Currant invasive diagnostic procedures utilize the carrier medium blood. However, this valide and reliable method bears a great number of drawbacks, i.e. a higher risk of infection and expenses through the mandatory presence of healthcare professionals. The determination of sweat lactate is a promising approach. The aim of this study is to investigate the transferability of metabolic-physiological processes of lactate accumulation from blood to sweat, based on the comparison of the lactate curves with constant exposure over a defined period of time. The research group consists of 50 healthy volunteers in early adulthood at equal sexual proportions. The measurement regime initially provides for a test procedure on the treadmill ergometer at a constant speed of 10 km / h. In five measurements, both sweat and blood samples are taken after every three-minute exercise periods, which are used to determine the respective lactate concentration. As a result, an alternative non-invasive lactate diagnosis should be developed in real time, which meets the high quality criteria of the bloody determination. Welding lactate diagnostics means a reduction in costs, time and staff, as well as being more patient-friendly and allowing use in field studies.
Digitization is increasingly shifting the manpower from the primary and secondary to the tertiary sector. According to the World Bank, 70.92% of the German workforce was employed in the service sector in 2015, compared with almost two thirds in Poland (57.75%). Therefore, the developed "Labor Market 4.0" demands a new motor requirement profile. Here, the coordinative skills become increasingly important, whereas the conditional skills slide in the background. The resulting "Physiotherapy 4.0" will be defined by a closer interlock between therapy and information and communication technologies. Thus, in neurological rehabilitation, e.g. of stroke patients, Virtual Reality (VR) has already been successfully used as therapy support. In addition, there are promising opportunities for VR in the field of diagnostics. With that in mind, a virtual test battery for the assessment of occupation-specific motor skills will be developed, which focalizes on the coordinative abilities. One of its components is the "VR Reach Test". It is based on the Method-Time Measurement (MTM) system and diagnoses the "Reach" skill. The productivity (in Time Measurement Units) and the reaction rate are measured. Those parameters provide information about the level of eye-hand coordination under time pressure. The programming and validation will take place in several steps.
Sweat is essential for the hydrologic and electrolytic regulation. Additionally it includes important information about the personal efficiency. Consequently, sweat is diverse in diagnostics for example pediatrics, internal medicine or sports diagnostic. At first, the medium sweat is only associate with blood samples on the ear. But sweat has lactate molecule in the eccrine gland which to take and analyze with modern filter systems. The method is patient- friendly, fast and non- invasive. Therefore lactate analyze in sweat is a simple, practicable method which could be testing in field studies.
Although there are any information about sweat as a blood and lactate analyze but the science research is exciting more than ever before. For example, it could be interesting which body area is the ideal application point. In first studies, we found a number of measurement areas. Secondary, we want to testing twenty test persons on a treadmill with a speed about 10 km/ h. Afterwards three minutes, we want to take blood lactate and sweat lactate at the mess areas. That could be mess points on the upper and lower extremities, the front and back side as soon as including the head. Consequently, the results is to compare with central and peripheral points in association with core body temperature and time delay. In the end, it could be compare blood lactate and sweat lactate.
A standardization lacking and the insufficient attention to quality criteria analysis when using therapeutic assessments lead to not loadable intervention results. Therefore these investigations must represent the basis for any uses of assessment. The goniometry is inevitable for the documentation of the mobility of joints. The kind of test procedures and their quality are however most contentious. The present study examined in a three-way blinded, randomized test-retest design, with for each n=10 test person and k=20 examiners, the intertester reliability (IER) and Intratester reliability (IAR) of the measuring procedures: “short and long goniometer”, “visual estimation”, “electrical goniometer” and “Vitronic Body Scanner with and without localization markers”. For the test procedures short, long and electrical goniometer weak IER and IAR (ICC 0,05). A diffuse international data situation makes a closing classification of the results more difficult and suggests the necessity for a high-quality meta-analysis to the topic.
Cold therapy is a common postoperative treatment that is applied in different forms. Many studies reported which influence different refrigerant have on lowering the skin temperature, to the sensation of pain and the reabsorbing edema. In conclusion it can be stated that a lack of quality and low number of available studies, the efficacy of cryotherapy do not assign and the application after hip and knee arthroplasty is even contradictory. Striking are the various types of information with regard to the duration of application, shape and intensity. Because of the missing evidence for sensibility of application intensity this study aimed to determine influential parameters with moderate cold (11°C) for improving the intensity control. 15 healthy subjects aged 23.2±1.26 were tested. The parameters BMI, fat mass and muscle mass were recorded. All subjects received a cold application by the invented and developed IceCube at the right knee joint for 15 minutes. The temperature was measured for six times with an infrared thermometer at five standardized points of the knee joint. During application and till the last measurement subjects were immobilized. The applied cold application resulted in a significant decrease of temperature in all measuring points concerning the pre-post-comparison. 20 minutes after removing the cuff significant temperature increases in 3 measurement points, still keeping below starting level, were remarked. Furthermore it is evident that the temperature differences of the muscular measuring points are significantly higher than those of the not muscular measuring points. Besides a higher fat portion leads due to the isolation effect in relation to musculature to significantly fewer variations in temperature. This realization is to be considered for an adequate intensity regulation. In order to confirm the force of expression of the results, it requires further investigations with higher test person numbers.
In the context with the high meaning of work for the human, the enormous job-specific demands on psychophysical performance and the need for a rapid return to working life in case of injury or disease, the importance of the diagnosis of occupational performance in therapy is high. Diagnostically and therapeutically challenging to workers are mainly the biomechanical, the sensomotoric and psychosocial strain in the workplace. In case of illness with rehabilitative requirements should therefore medical therapy be dovetailed with work and work-related activities. That connection is a necessary development of rehabilitative care system in Germany, not least in view of the legal order of the German Pension Insurance to help injured patients and to support their return to work. In the work-related orientation of medical rehabilitation is the professional life of rehabilitation involved in all phases of therapy. The instruments for the diagnosis of occupational problems are both objectively and subjectively oriented Questionnaires with external and self-assessment, FCE systems (functional capacity evaluation) and medical documentation systems. The Ergos® Work Simulator is a psychophysical FCE system, which captures the individual motor skills in relation to the performance of job-specific requirement profiles. The evaluation of job performance is based on a profile pool of about 14,000 professional activities. The tests are standardized and analyze frequent physical aspects of the work (eg lifting, carrying) to ensure a realistic assessment.
The long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, ω-3, or n-3) and arachidonic acid (ARA, ω-6 or n-6) are known to have distinct physiological functions, yet can both support growth and reproduction of consumers, raising the question of whether EPA and ARA are ecologically substitutable dietary resources. We explored the relative importance of EPA and ARA for the growth and reproduction of the freshwater keystone herbivore Daphnia in a life-history experiment. Both PUFA were supplemented in a concentration-dependent manner to a PUFA-free diet, separately and in combination (50% EPA: 50% ARA mixture). The growth-response curves obtained with EPA, ARA, and the mixture were virtually congruent and the thresholds for PUFA limitation did not differ, indicating that EPA (n-3) and ARA (n-6) were substitutable dietary resources under the applied experimental conditions. The actual requirements for EPA and ARA might change with growth conditions, e.g., under the influence of parasites or pathogens. The higher retention of ARA in Daphnia suggests that EPA and ARA are subject to different turnover rates, which also implies different physiological functions. Studies on the ARA requirements of Daphnia could provide valuable information on the presumably underestimated ecological importance of ARA in freshwater food webs.