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Netzwerk Nagetier-übertragene Pathogene: Monitoring von Hantavirus-Infektionen in Deutschland
(2009)
Within the next few years major changes in mobility are expected. Increasing numbers of electric powered cars, electrobikes and E-Scooters define the transport sector. Recently lithium based traction batteries as storage medium have led into matrurity of series production combining high electrical efficiencies with low weights and compact dimensions. Due to the relatively young development with lithium batteries utilization, only few investigation were conducted regarding their recycling. Conventional battery recycling processes can not be applied due to differences in design and chemistry.
So an automated disassembly and processing procedure for lithium traction batteries has been developed in the R/D-project "Li-WERT". Instead of complete smelting of the batteries without pretreatment, an automated disassembly and specific treatment of the material streams was realised, adjusted to the needs of the subsequent recovery technologies. A higher quality, with reduced expenses for the separation of fine-grained or fused material mixes, can be obtained for the individual components. The automated disassembly using an industrial robot significantly reduces dangers for the operating crew.
The selective disassembly and beneficiation allows full recovery of the fractions. The batteries will be disassembled to cell level by the industrial robot. Anodes, cathodes, and separation layers are isolated and processed. The technology is designed, that no waste is generated for disposal. The pelletised cathode coating and the other separated metals (stainless steel, copper, aluminum) can be used in respective metallurgical plants. Circuit boards and plug contacts are also coveted secondary raw materials for reuse.
The process is modular and offers high flexibility, e. g. for new battery types/ sizes by quick adjustment of the robot and tool change. Adaptation to other cathode materials (e. g. Li[FePO]) is possible. After finishing the R/D-project, a pilot plant for demontage was realised in 2013.
Die automobile Antriebstechnik steht in den nächsten Jahrzehnten vor tief greifenden Verän-derungen. Nachdem über 125 Jahre der Verbrennungsmotor die vorherrschende Antriebsart darstellte, basieren neue Entwicklungen auf Elektroantrieben oder auf der Kombination ver-schiedener Antriebsformen. Fahrzeuge mit elektrischen Antrieben haben mittlerweile den Status der Serienreife erreicht und werden perspektivisch zunehmend das Straßenbild be-stimmen.
Mit der so genannten Lithium-Ionen-Traktionsbatterie wurde in den letzten Jahren ein Spei-chermedium zur Serienreife geführt, welches einen hohen elektrischen Wirkungsgrad mit kompakten Maßen und geringem Eigengewicht vereinigt. Mit den auf der Nutzung von Li-thium-Akkumulatoren basierenden Antriebskonzepten kann ein entscheidender Schritt zur Umsetzung einer umfassenden Verbreitung der elektrischen Antriebstechnik im Bereich der individuellen Mobilität erfolgen.
Presently the global commodity situation for non ferrous-, precious- and rare metals is characterized by a strong increase in onsumption and a simultaneous shortage of materials derived from primary sources. So the use of secondary raw materials gains is important due to economic and ecological reasons.
Non Ferrous-, precious- and rare earth metals were detected in household waste (Municipal solid waste, MSW) for years. In MSW-treatments plants NF-metals are actually mostly separated from dried fractions. The separation of these metals is carried out with the aim of removing particles which disrupt further processing. A selective enrichment of individual non-ferrous metals has not been carried out previously. The separated fractions contain mixtures of Al, Cu, Zn, Pb, Sn, alloys, precious metals (e. g. Au, Ag, Pt) and rare metals (Ga, In, Nd etc.) along with considerable amounts of contaminations.
The R&D project “NE-Rec” selectively processes the coarsely separated non-ferrous-metal-conglomerates increasing the concentration of targeted metals. Metals and metal mixtures are concentrated by sorting steps and the impurities are discharged from the process. Still contaminated precious metals are then subjected to a wet-chemical treatment. So metals can be specifically brought into solution or can be precipitated to separate unwanted components (inerts, polymers, foreign metals). Further the relevant metals will be concentrated by thermal-metallurgical processes.
The technology, developed in the R&D project, enables identification, separation and processing of non-ferrous metals, precious metals and REM in household waste and transfers them into further processable individual fractions.