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- Stahlbau, Stabilität, Normen (2)
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For standard sections including I-girders and rectangular box girders, several approaches on geometrical and structural imperfections are given in the literature, which can be implemented in a numerical analysis. For complex sections, as found in many of today's lightweight roof structures, these assumptions are conservative due to the sections typically unique shape, which leads to increased thicknesses or additional stiffening of the plates. This, on the other hand, can significantly affect fabrication costs. This paper aims to provide an overview on the possibilities in the numerical prediction of weld residual stresses and weld-induced deformations for these sections. The obtained values can be used in a subsequent numerical analysis to understand the structural behavior and optimize the design. A representative example on a section used in a steel compression ring is described and analyzed using the numerical welding simulation. A simplification of the originally transient weld procedure is used in order to reduce computation times to a practically reasonable level. In this context, the Abaqus Welding Interface (AWI) helps to automate working steps in conjunction with the definition of weld passes and their sequencing, which shall be shown in here. The applicability of this method is discussed showing also a need of further investigations in this field. This is especially with regard to result quality, which requires some experimental back-up. Nonetheless, this method could already help to show up tendencies or to identify potential critical spots in the design.
In large steel construction, as in steel bridges, construction site welds are made under difficult conditions such as low temperatures and wind. The comprehensive study will show not only test results from the analysis in the climate chamber (large scale test) with low temperatures (-20°C, -10°C) as well as numerical calculations with the help of welding simulation and non-linear structural analysis. Deflections and temperature are given and compared with traditional engineering models and advises for future problems are presented. For bridge girders with I cross sections, welded thick plates are used and there joining need to be considered precisely. Effect from welding, such as deflections and residual stresses, will have an outcome on the performed component. For welding of thick plates multi-layer welding is used. The edges need to be cut before welding. The preparation process needs to be considered as well as actual joining to have an economic performance. As joint geometry the Z-joint was chosen and investigated. Results from testing as well as from the welding simulation will be shown and compared. Thereby an engineering model will be consulted to evaluate the results. To evaluate the impact of the welding process a FEM load capacity calculation was performed and will be compared with test without imperfections from the joining process.
Die Stadt Wernigerode in Sachsen-Anhalt errichtete im Ortsteil Schierke eine Multifunktionsarena. Am Fuße des Brockens, dem höchsten Berg des Harzes und ganz Norddeutschlands gelegen, fügt sich die offene Überdachung in die vorhandene Topologie nahtlos ein. Das unter Denkmalschutz stehende Natureisstadion, mit seinen bestehenden Natursteinterrassen und einem Schiedsrichterturm aus Holz, wurde baulich so konzipiert, dass die Arena in den Wintermonaten als überdachte Kunsteisbahn und im Sommer als Fläche für Konzerte, Aufführungen und Sportveranstaltungen genutzt werden kann. Eine ganz besondere Herausforderung war die Herstellung und Montage des circa 190m langen geschweißten Stahlrandträgers. Der Hohlkasten besteht aus vier doppelt gekrümmten Blechen und lagert an lediglich zwei Fußpunkten auf. Der zweite Teil des Beitrags befasst sich mit Schweißeigenspannungen an einem ausgewählten Querschnitt der Überdachung.