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The 8th PhD Symposium on Future Directions in Information Access (FDIA) will be held in conjunction with the 8th International Conference on the Theory of Information Retrieval (ICTIR 2018) in Tianjin, China. The symposium aims to provide a forum for early stage researchers such as PhD students, to share their research and interact with each other and senior researchers in an informal and relaxed atmosphere. The symposium provides an excellent opportunity for the participants to promote their work and obtain experience in presenting and communicating their research. The participants will learn about different topics in the area of information access and retrieval, receive feedback on their work, meet lots of peers and hear inspiring talks.
Multi-feature search is an effective approach to similarity search. Unfortunately, the search efficiency decreases with the number of features. Several indexing approaches aim to achieve efficiency by incrementally reducing the approximation error of aggregated distance bounds. They apply heuristics to determine the distance computations order and update the object's aggregated bounds after each computation. However, the existing indexing approaches suffer from several drawbacks. They use the same computation order for all objects, do not support important types of aggregation functions and do not take the varying CPU and I/O costs of different distance computations into account. To resolve these problems, we introduce a new heuristic to determine an efficient distance computation order for each individual object. Our heuristic supports various important aggregation functions and calculates cost-benefit-ratios to incorporate the varying computation costs of different distance functions. The experimental evaluation reveals that our heuristic outperforms state-of-the-art approaches in terms of the number of distance computations as well as search time.
PythiaSearch ist ein interaktives Multimedia-Retrieval-System. Es vereint verschiedene Suchstrategien, diverse Visualisierungen und erlaubt eine Personalisierung der Retrieval-Ergebnisse mittels eines Präferenz-basierten Relevance Feedbacks. Das System nutzt die probabilistische Anfragesprache CQQL und erlaubt eine multi-modale Anfragedefinition basierend auf Bildern, Texten oder Metadaten.
Die 27. Konferenz "Elektronische Sprachsignalverarbeitung" ist der Sprach- und Audiosignalverarbeitung sowie angrenzenden Disziplinen in einer großen Breite gewidmet. Die ESSV 2016 bleibt der Tradition der Konferenzreihe verpflichtet und schlägt eine Brücke zwischen Forschung und Anwendung. Der vorliegende Tagungsband enthält 38 Beiträge von 95 Autorinnen und Autoren zu folgenden Themengruppen: Kognitive Systeme; Fremdspracherwerb, Dialekt- und Korpusanalyse; Spracherkennung und Dialogsysteme; Phonetik und Prosodie; Sprachproduktion, Therapie und Diagnostik; Sprechercharakteristik und Stimmanalyse; Audio- und Sprachkodierung, Sprachqualität; Musikanalyse, Sensorik und Signalverarbeitung.
Die drei Hauptvorträge von Dietrich Dörner, Ingo Schmitt und Dirk Labudde beschäftigen sich mit künstlicher Intelligenz, Quantencomputing sowie forensischer Text- und Datenanalyse.
Computergestützte Methoden der Interpretation. Perspektiven einer digitalen Medienwissenschaft
(2018)
Zwar hat sich die elektronische Datenverarbeitung etwa im Rahmen der Archivierung, der Kategorisierung und der Suche von bzw. in Texten allgemein durchgesetzt, allerdings können deren Verfahren bisher nur bedingt auf eine Ebene des Textverständnisses vordringen. Es existieren keine Algorithmen, die menschliche Interpretation auf Subtextebene zufriedenstellend imitieren könnten. Unter Subtext wird hier eine Bedeutungsebene verstanden, die der expliziten Aussage eines Textes als zusätzliche Ausdrucksdimension unterlegt ist. Von Seiten der Computerphilologie sind bisher einzig Textanalyse und -interpretation unterstützende Verfahren entwickelt worden, die lediglich auf der Sprachoberfläche Anwendung finden (Jannidis, 2010). Von Seiten der Computerlinguistik und der Informatik existieren hingegen Text-Retrieval-Systeme, die den groben Inhalt von Texten erfassen (Manning et al., 2008). Dabei erfolgt jedoch keine ‚echte‘ Interpretation, die die impliziten Aussagen des Textes erfassen und damit die Ableitung neuen Wissens ermöglichen könnte. Aufbauend auf der 2016 vorgestellten formalen Subtextanalyse (Klimczak, 2016) erscheint aber ein algorithmisiertes Verfahren zur Rekonstruktion von komplexen Semantiken narrativer Gebrauchstexte möglich, welches die bestehenden Verfahren sowohl der Computerphilologie als auch der Computerlinguistik qualitativ übertreffen könnte, indem es hermeneutische Zugänge für informationstechnische Forschung erschließt.
Traditional clustering algorithms like K-medoids and DBSCAN take distances between objects as input and find clusters of objects. Distance functions need to satisfy the triangle inequality (TI) property, but sometimes TI is violated and, thus, may compromise the quality of resulting clusters. However, there are scenarios, for example in the context of social networks, where TI does not hold but a meaningful clustering is still possible. This paper investigates the consequences of TI violation with respect to different traditional clustering techniques and presents instead a clique guided approach to find meaningful clusters. In this paper, we use the quantum logic-based query language (CQQL) to measure the similarity value between objects instead of a distance function. The contribution of this paper is to propose an approach of non-TI clustering in the context of social network scenario.
Experts and crowds can work together to generate high-quality datasets, but such collaboration is limited to a large-scale pool of data. In other words, training on a large-scale dataset depends more on crowdsourced datasets with aggregated labels than expert intensively checked labels. However, the limited amount of high-quality dataset can be used as an objective test dataset to build a connection between disagreement and aggregated labels. In this paper, we claim that the disagreement behind an aggregated label indicates more semantics (e.g. ambiguity or difficulty) of an instance than just spam or error assessment. We attempt to take advantage of the informativeness of disagreement to assist learning neural networks by computing a series of disagreement measurements and incorporating disagreement with distinct mechanisms. Experiments on two datasets demonstrate that the consideration of disagreement, treating training instances differently, can promisingly result in improved performance.
The quantum-logic inspired decision tree (QLDT) is based on quantum logic concepts and input values from the unit interval whereas the traditional decision tree is based on Boolean values. The logic behind the QLDT obeys the rules of a Boolean algebra. The QLDT is appropriate for classification problems where for a class decision several input values interact gradually with each other. The QLDT construction for a classification problem with n input attributes requires the computation of 2n minterms. The QLDT+ method, however, uses a heuristic for obtaining a QLDT with much smaller computational complexity. As result, the QLDT+ method can be applied to classification problems with a higher number of input attributes.
We present a model, inspired by quantum field theory, of the so-called inner stage of technical cognitive agents. The inner stage represents all knowledge of the agent. It allows for planning of actions and for higher cognitive functions like coping and fantasy. By the example of a cognitive mouse agent living in a maze wold, we discuss learning, action planning, and attention in a fully deterministic setting and assuming a totally observable world. We explain the relevance of our approach to cognitive infocommunications.