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Biofuel technologies offer the potential for reducing the depletion of fossil fuels and the emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. Renewable energy is shifting from the fringe to the mainstream of sustainable development. In Africa, this is primarily due to an abundance of renewable energy sources and characteristics specific to remote rural communities that make fossil fuel based energy systems extremely expensive. It has been argued that jatropha oil, a renewable energy source, currently being promoted in some African countries can be a suitable substitute for diesel. This paper examines the physico-chemical properties of Jatropha oil that makes it a cleaner and locally available diesel fuel substitute. It assesses the potential impacts of the biofuel on the rural economy and presents a development model for a sustained biofuel enterprise aimed at rural economic empowerment in drought prone rural African communities.
CD-ROM-Ausgabe
D-Lamps are high intensity discharge lamps for car headlights, which are the new generation of automotive lighting for tomorrow, but available now. Because of their importance with respect to the materials used, a life cycle assessment has been performed, to identify and quantify energy, material used and wastes released to the environment. In this report, data collections of raw materials, manufacturing processes, and end-of-life of products were accumulated step by step based on self-developed checklists. The manufacturing process is complex and composed of several unit operations, a product inventory cannot be optimally determined by simple measures. Therefore, this study is based specifically on its own system boundaries and hypotheses. The interpretation of the environmental impact was displayed, by the used of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) software tool, in terms of impact categories such as greenhouse effect, acidification, eutrophication etc., thus environmental conclusions can then be drawn from the study.
Industrieelektronik
(1996)
Umweltkonforme Produktgestaltung -Handbuch für Entwicklung, Beschaffung, Management und Vertrieb
(2008)
This paper seeks to describe several features of establishing a closed-loop supply chain for the collection of End-of-Life Vehicles in Mexico. To address this task, the problem is handled through Reverse Logistics and is modelled through an Uncapacitated Facility Location Problem. The solution of this model is obtained using software SITATION©. Furthermore, this work also presents a brief description of the current Mexican ELV management system and the future trends in ELV generation in Mexico. The main result is the configuration of three collection networks within Mexico, which correspond to three possible scenarios that consider 100%, 90% and 75%, respectively, of collection coverage. Regions with high ELV generation are identified as well as relevant factors affecting total costs in the reverse supply chain.
Renewable Energy (RE) sometimes referred to as "clean energy" or "green power" can be defined as any energy source that is naturallyoccurring and that cannot, in theory, be exhausted. RE sources include solar energy, biomass, tidal, wind or wave power, geothermal energy (English Dictionary Online 2003). Renewable energy is obtained from sources that are essentially inexhaustible. The reverse is true for non renewable such as fossil fuels, of which there is a finite supply (NATSOURCE 2005).