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Climate change studies have typically only been able to integrate snapshots of urban dynamics into risk assessments. For highly dynamic regions, this has often led to an overestimation of climate extremes as a driver of risk. Our impact assessment study for Ho Chi Minh City highlights, that the influence of non-climatic stressors – like urbanisation as the spatial manifestation of socio-economic processes is still widely under acknowledged. We argue a scenario-based approach is needed to understand the interrelationship between urban growth, urban land use planning and hydrometeorological hazards and to provide local planning authorities with the muchneeded insights into the drivers of risk. The location of residential areas, industrial parks, critical infrastructure and facilities are in themselves important spatial indicators to assess the vulnerability of urban communities to climate-related hazards. Ho Chi Minh City presented as an archetypical mega-urban example, where spatial planning for adapted urban land uses will be instrumental in addressing climate challenges. Research findings for the city demonstrate that through adapted land use planning, climate-related vulnerability parameters can be modified to reduce current and future urban risks. Yet planning alone is simply not enough. Within its multi-stakeholder environment borne out of conflicting interests, land use planning requires more than ever science-based information to formulate spatially explicit adaptation measures to climate change.