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- Agglomeration fibrous material (1)
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- Flocculation, wet-pelletizing, Taylor-Couette-reactor, water purification, Iron(III)-hydroxide-containing material, pelletizing-flocculation (1)
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Hauptanspruch: Verfahren zur Herstellung von kugelförmigen Gebilden aus Fasern, - indem das Fasermaterial portioniert wird, - die portionierte Menge von Fasern in einem horizontal und vertikal begrenzten kreisförmig ausgebildeten Rollraum auf einem konstanten Umlaufradius einem Rollprozess unterzogen wird, der durch unterschiedliche Relativbewegungen zueinander erzeugende Rotationen einzelner ebener kreisförmiger Bauteile charakterisiert ist und - nach Erreichen einer im Wesentlichen allseitig nahezu runden Form der portionierten Menge von Fasern diese als Rollagglomerat aus dem Rollprozess ausgetragen wird.
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Rollagglomerations-Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Agglomeraten aus einem Feststoff-Füssigkeitsgemisch. Die Vorrichtung weist ein Transportmittel zum Transport eines Feststoff-Flüssigkeitsgemisches in Richtung der Längsachse des Transportmittles und ein Pressmittel auf, welches so zum Transportmittel beabstandet angeordnet ist, dass ein Pressmittel auf das auf der Auflagefläche des Transportmittels befindlichen Feststoff-Flüssigkeitsgemisches einen Druck ausüben kann, wobei das Transportmittle oder das Pressmittel quer zur Längsachse des Transportmittels bewegbar sind.
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von wasserunlöslichen Agglomeraten aus Ablauge eines Cellulosegewinnungsprozesses. Erfindungsgemäß umfasst das Verfahren die folgenden Schritte: 1. Durchführung einer Granulation mit der Ablauge zur Erzeugung von Lignin-Agglomeraten und 2. Behandeln der erzeugten Lignin-Agglomerate mit einer Säure.
Agricultural residues as a renewable source of bio-Energy with special focus on cereal straws
(2010)
The treatment of iron-hydroxide-containing water from ground water and surface water is achieved by a combination of the process steps of flocculation and subsequent mechanical dewatering. The aim is to create solid pellet structures by extending the structure forming flocculation process with a build-up pelletizing process which can be transferred directly into a drying unit. A Taylor-Couette-reactor (diameter of the inner cylinder – 40 mm, gap width – 5 mm) was used for these experimental studies. To produce the necessary flow profile the inner cylinder was rotated at a speed of 230 rpm. The iron hydroxide-containing suspension (dry matter content: 2 mass %) was added simultaneously with the addition of a cationic high-molecular flocculant in various flocculant dosages and residence times of 5 to 15 min. The pellets were examined for parameters such as geometric dimensions, dry substance content and dewatering behaviour. As the results show, there is a direct relationship between the residence time and the geometric dimensions of the pellets. After a residence time of 5 min, round pellets with an average diameter of 6 mm were formed. With an increase in the residence time up to 15 min, a compaction of the pellets could be observed, which resulted in an increase in the dry substance content of 8.0 to 11.2 mass % on average. After completion of the pelletizing process, the pellets were mechanically dewatered by filtration. By applying this innovative wet pelletizing of iron-hydroxide containing suspensions in a Taylor-Couette-reactor, it is possible to carry out the process of flocculation combined with the pellet formation with simultaneous pellet compaction in a single process step. The resulting pellet structures are distinguished from conventional floc structures by an improved water discharge capacity. After classification the pellets can be marked directly as easy-to-handle bulk material, suitable as feedstock in percolation columns for the purification of contaminated fluid streams
Vegetable oils and their derivatives are increasingly replacing mineral oils in their applications.[1,2] Among other constituents in vegetable oil, both saturated and unsaturated fractions are important raw materials. The latter possesses double bonds which can provide as substrates or raw materials for various chemical industries.[3] Fractionation of these oils or as in our case the Poly-Unsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA) mixture is required so as to generate favorable compositions according to applications. Generation of Solid Liquid Equilibrium (SLE) phase diagrams for real mixtures is extremely important to enable a thorough understanding of the thermodynamics of the fractionation process of crystallization. The PUFA mixture was fractionated in a multistage scrubbing layer crystallizer. The product was put into a decanter centrifuge so as to fractionate them into mother liqor and crystal fraction. The temperature in the jacket was maintained such that △T< 5K from the liquidus point obtained from the Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) thermal analyses. Each crystallizer was also maintained at a temperature 5K below the previous one. This way a slow and successive cooling of the PUFA was achieved such that probes from different fraction could be obtained. They were analyzed thermally and chemically in the DSC and Gas Chromatography – Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) setup respectively.[4] Similar to previous literature as in [5], technically relevant partial SLE diagrams for high oleic palm oil was created by fractionating the mixture in a scrubbed layer crystallizer along with their metastable range were determined.[6]
This study focusses on the production of micro-structured agglomerates with high porosity from iron (III)-hydroxide-containing materials as adsorbent. A fractal structure of the agglomerates was created through a two-stage agglomeration process. Developing porous structures was necessary to increase the adsorption capacity. Various materials were used for the agglomeration experiments: i) filter cake (dry matter content 23 to 27 wt.-%); ii) FerroSorp®DGμ, a product which is already being used commercially for various applications in water cleaning. These materials in the pristine state have different characteristics such as dry matter content and particle size distribution. The desired optimised agglomerates can be achieved with the help of additives or binders, respectively. Additionally, the agglomeration process parameters play a vital role. In order to produce agglomerates with high porosity, the process was carried out in two steps. Firstly, FerroSorp®DGμ (d90 < 30 µm) was agglomerated jointly with the aforementioned filter cake in an Eirich intensive mixer (particle size range 125 µm < d90 < 500 µm). The second agglomeration step post drying was carried out in a pelletisation disc or in an Eirich intensive mixer with the addition of polymeric binders (up to particle sizes ranging from 2 to 4 mm). Agglomerates were characterised both in short and long term loading tests using phosphate as model ion. Contact times were less than 10 min, similar to practical application in percolation columns, or more than 7 days, respectively. The results show that the agglomerates produced in the two-stage pelletisation process have more advantageous properties like better accessibility of the active sites obtained by specificly influencing the particle size distribution during the two-stage pelletisation process.
Technical realization of the innovative roll-agglomeration of bast fibres in industrial scale
(2014)
The reuse potential for the large annual production of spent coffee grounds (SCGs) is underexploited in most world regions. Hydrochars from SCGs produced via hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) have been recognized as a promising solid fuel alternative. To increase demand, optimization of the HTC and two post-treatment processes, washing and agglomeration, were studied to improve hydrochar in terms of energetic properties, minimizing unwanted substances, and better handling. HTC experiments at three scales (1–18.75 L) and varying process conditions (temperature T (160–250 °C), reaction time t (1–5 h), and solid content %So (6–20%) showed that the higher heating value (HHV) can be improved by up to 46%, and most potential emissions of trace elements from combustion reduced (up to 90%). The HTC outputs (solid yield—SY, HHV, energy yield—EY) were modeled and compared to published genetic programming (GP) models. Both model types predicted the three outputs with low error (<15%) and can be used for process optimization. The efficiency of water washing depended on the HTC process temperature and type of aromatics produced. The furanic compounds were removed (69–100%; 160 °C), while only 34% of the phenolic compounds (240 °C) were washed out. Agglomeration of both wet SCG and its hydrochar is feasible; however, the finer particles of washed hydrochar (240 °C) resulted in larger-sized spherical pellets (85% > 2000–4000 µm) compared to SCGs (only 4%).