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Das Land Brandenburg will bis spätestens 2045 klimaneutral werden, um so einen Beitrag zur Erreichung der Zielvorgaben des Pariser Übereinkommens zu leisten. In einer Studie hat das Institut für ökologische Wirtschaftsforschung (IÖW) gemeinsam mit Partnern im Auftrag des Landes Brandenburg, vertreten durch das Ministerium für Landwirtschaft, Umwelt und Klimaschutz, dafür wissenschaftliche Szenarien entwickelt.
Die Studie beinhaltet darüber hinaus Maßnahmenvorschläge, die als Grundlage für den Klimaplan dienen sollen, den die Landesregierung von Brandenburg im Jahr 2023 entwickeln und verabschieden will. Diese sind nach den Sektoren aufgeteilt, die maßgeblich in Zusammenhang mit Treibhausgasemissionen stehen. Bisher ist Brandenburg noch nicht auf dem Klimaneutralitätspfad, weshalb besonders der Kohleausstieg, der Ausbau erneuerbarer Energien, die Wärme- und Verkehrswende, der Umbau zu einer klimaneutralen Wirtschaft, die Stärkung der Wälder sowie der Schutz von Moorflächen vorangetrieben werden muss.
Insgesamt schlägt die Studie über 80 Maßnahmenbündel für die acht Handlungsfelder des Klimaplans vor. Vorgeschlagene Maßnahmen beinhalten die zügige Planung und Genehmigung von Wind- und Solarenergie sowie die Erhöhung von Akzeptanz und Beteiligung, den Ausbau des öffentlichen Personennahverkehrs oder auch die Wiedervernässung von Moorflächen zur Kohlenstoffspeicherung. Für die Umsetzung ist die politische Steuerung unter dem Stichwort „Klima-Governance“ besonders wichtig. Neben der Vorreiterrolle, die das Land einnehmen muss, sind die Kommunen bei ihrer Umsetzung zu unterstützen.
The main result of this study is that Lusatia, as an energy transition and
structural change region, still has high expansion potential for photovoltaic and wind energy systems. In 2040, electricity production from wind turbines could reach four times the current level. In the case of photovoltaic systems, around seven to eight times the current level is possible. Only in the area of biomass has the expansion potential already been largely exhausted. The building sector can also contribute to achieving climate neutrality. If the renovation rate is significantly increased to 3.3% per year by 2040, the required heating energy can be reduced by around 60%. At the same time, these energy transition scenarios are evaluated with regard to their regional economic opportunities for Lusatia. In an ambitious climate neutrality scenario, around 450 million euros in regional added value can be generated in 2040 and around 3560 full-time jobs can be filled. In order for this to succeed, however, the citizens and municipalities must first be given more opportunities for financial participation through appropriate framework conditions at federal and state level. We see financial benefits for the population and the municipalities as a critical success factor in order to be able to provide the necessary space, initiate investments and ultimately contribute to local acceptance.
The reduction of energy poverty and the expansion of citizen-led community energy projects are two important issues for a just energy transition in the European Union. While some socio-economic aspects of community energy are well researched, there is a dearth of literature on its potential to include vulnerable households and eventually reduce the risk of energy poverty. Through the lens of energy vulnerability thinking, this paper examines current and future drivers of energy poverty in Germany, as well as factors that may limit or facilitate the inclusion of vulnerable consumers in community energy. It draws on previous studies and on 12 semi-structured interviews conducted in the Summer of 2021 with experts in the fields of energy poverty or community energy. Using a three-tenet conceptualization of energy justice, the article argues that community energy projects can mitigate energy poverty in Germany by providing affordable renewable electricity to vulnerable and energy-poor consumers, as well as by establishing fair procedures that consider various vulnerability contexts. Yet, deep-rooted distributional injustices in housing and social transfer schemes that drive energy poverty are likely to remain. In order to advance energy justice, community energy projects hinge on a collaborative multi-level and multi-actor environment.