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Degradation effects on Li(Ni0.33Mn0.33Co0.33)O2 in the recovery of lithium battery cathodes

  • The compound Li(Ni0.33Mn0.33Co0.33)O2 (NMC) is the state-of-the-art lithium-ion battery cathode material. Due to the increasing demand NMC is of crucial economically importance for the worldwide emerging market of electromobility. Recycling of end-of-life lithium-ion batteries to recover NMC, in particular of batteries from automotive vehicles, is one future strategy to save costs and to become more independent from the supply of the essential elements Co and Mn. Several concepts for NMC recycling from lithium-ion batteries are based on wet-chemical process steps, in particular, to separate the NMC containing cathode layer from the underlying metal foil. However, NMC is very sensitive against the attack by water and reagents that are added to promote the separation process. The present study deals with the wet-chemical recycling of NMC using aqueous reagent solutions in a under varying process conditions. The recovered NMC samples are characterized in order to study the ongoing degradation at the surface of the NMC particles. InThe compound Li(Ni0.33Mn0.33Co0.33)O2 (NMC) is the state-of-the-art lithium-ion battery cathode material. Due to the increasing demand NMC is of crucial economically importance for the worldwide emerging market of electromobility. Recycling of end-of-life lithium-ion batteries to recover NMC, in particular of batteries from automotive vehicles, is one future strategy to save costs and to become more independent from the supply of the essential elements Co and Mn. Several concepts for NMC recycling from lithium-ion batteries are based on wet-chemical process steps, in particular, to separate the NMC containing cathode layer from the underlying metal foil. However, NMC is very sensitive against the attack by water and reagents that are added to promote the separation process. The present study deals with the wet-chemical recycling of NMC using aqueous reagent solutions in a under varying process conditions. The recovered NMC samples are characterized in order to study the ongoing degradation at the surface of the NMC particles. In particular, two major degradation pathways are identified: (i) a preferential loss of lithium and nickel and (ii) the formation of passivation layers due to unwanted side reactions. DRIFT measurements are performed to study the NMC surface species after the recovery processes. SEM/EDX mappings are used to detect changes in the chemical composition in the surface region of the chemically treated NMC particles. Finally, a detailed study of the changes in the chemical state at the NMC particle surface is done by Raman microscopy by means of the deconvolution of the recorded spectra into their A1G component (representing the metal-oxide phonons) and into the Eg component (representing the oxide-metal-oxide phonons). As result of this study, the consequences of different wet-chemical process conditions on the quality of the recovered NMC material are discussed.show moreshow less

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Metadaten
Author: Jörg AckerORCiDGND, Tim Sieber, Jana Ducke, Thomas LangnerORCiD, Anja RietigORCiD
Title of the source (English):Advanced Lithium Batteries for Automobile Applications - ABAA 12, Book of Abstracts
Publisher:Zentrum für Sonnenenergie- und Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden-Württemberg
Place of publication:Ulm
Document Type:Conference publication not peer-reviewed
Language:English
Year of publication:2019
Tag:recycling
NMC; Raman spectroscopy; cathode; degradation; electromobility; lithium ion battery
Edition:1. Auflage
First Page:28
Faculty/Chair:Fakultät 2 Umwelt und Naturwissenschaften / FG Physikalische Chemie
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