TY - GEN A1 - Hundt, Martin A1 - Schnitzlein, Klaus A1 - Schnitzlein, Michael G. T1 - Alkaline polyol pulping and enzymatic hydrolysis of hardwood: Effect of pulping severity and pulp composition on cellulase activity and overall sugar yield T2 - Bioresource Technology KW - Pulping KW - Enzymatic hydrolysis KW - Lignocellulose KW - Pretreatment KW - Glycerol Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.02.084 SN - 0960-8524 VL - 136 SP - 672 EP - 679 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hundt, Martin A1 - Engel, Norman A1 - Schnitzlein, Michael G. A1 - Schnitzlein, Klaus T1 - Alkalischer Polyolaufschluss als Basis für eine Lignocellulose-Bioraffinerie T2 - Chemie Ingenieur Technik KW - Aufschluss KW - Bioraffinerie KW - Cellulose KW - Delignifizierung KW - Enzymatische Hydrolyse KW - Fraktionierung KW - Lignin KW - Lignocellulose Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.201200116 SN - 0009-286X VL - 85 IS - 5 SP - 758 EP - 763 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Engel, Norman A1 - Hundt, Martin A1 - Schnitzlein, Klaus A1 - Schnitzlein, Michael G. T1 - Was kommt nach dem Erdöl? Der AlkaPolP-Prozess als Basis für eine lingocellulosebasierte Bioraffinerie T2 - GIT Labor-Fachzeitschrift Y1 - 2013 UR - http://www.git-labor.de/printausgabe/git-labor-fachzeitschrift-42013 IS - 4 SP - 243 EP - 245 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schnitzlein, Klaus T1 - The Impact of Fluid Dynamics on the Regeneration of Automotive Fiber Coil Filters I. Prediction of Soot Distribution T2 - Chemical Engineering & Technology Y1 - 1997 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270200507 SN - 0930-7516 VL - 20 IS - 5 SP - 317 EP - 325 ER - TY - THES A1 - Thies, Jens T1 - Konzentrationsgeregelte Versuchsführung : eine Anwendungsstudie am Beispiel der partiellen Oxidation von Methanol an einem Fe-Mo-Kontakt Y1 - 2000 CY - Cottbus ER - TY - GEN A1 - Poplawski, Karoline A1 - Lichtenberger, Janine A1 - Keil, Frerich J. A1 - Schnitzlein, Klaus A1 - Amiridis, Michael D. T1 - Catalytic oxidation of 1,2-dichlorobenzene over ABO3-type perovskites T2 - Catalysis Today KW - Dichlorobenzene KW - Oxidation KW - PCDD/ PCDF KW - Perovskites Y1 - 2000 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0920-5861(00)00434-X SN - 0920-5861 VL - 62 IS - 4 SP - 329 EP - 336 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Buchholz, Ina von A1 - Schnitzlein, Klaus T1 - Experimentelle Bestimmung von VLE-Daten mittels dynamischer Differenzialkalorimetrie T2 - Chemie Ingenieur Technik Y1 - 2007 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.200750198 SN - 0009-286X VL - 79 IS - 9 SP - 1474 EP - 1475 ER - TY - THES A1 - Eisfeld, Bernhard T1 - Pseudokontinuierliche Modellierung der Strömung in Schüttschichtreaktoren Y1 - 1999 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schwidder, Sabine A1 - Schnitzlein, Klaus T1 - Analysis of liquid flow distribution and dispersion in trickle bed reactors - experiments and simulation T2 - CAMURE 8 & ISMR 7, Naantali, Finland, May 22-25, 2011 Y1 - 2011 SN - 978-952-12-2586-4 PB - Åbo Akademi University CY - Turku ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schwidder, Sabine A1 - Schnitzlein, Klaus T1 - A new model for the design and analysis of trickle bed reactors T2 - Chemical Engineering Journal KW - Trickle bed KW - Multiscale analysis KW - Multiphase reactor Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.07.054 SN - 1385-8947 IS - 207-208 SP - 758 EP - 765 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schnitzlein, Klaus T1 - Modeling radial dispersion in terms of the local structure of packed beds. Part II: Discrete modeling approach T2 - Chemical Engineering Science KW - Packed bed KW - Mathematical modeling KW - Chemical reactors KW - Fluid mechanics KW - Transport processes Y1 - 2006 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2006.12.060 SN - 0009-2509 VL - 62 IS - 18-20 SP - 4944 EP - 4947 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hundt, Martin A1 - Engel, Norman A1 - Schnitzlein, Klaus A1 - Schnitzlein, Michael G. T1 - The AlkaPolP process: Fractionation of various lignocelluloses and continuous pulping within an integrated biorefinery concept T2 - Chemical Engineering Research and Design N2 - The implementation of a lignocellulose-based biorefinery requires an efficient fractionation of its raw material. For this purpose a comprehensive biorefinery concept has been developed based on alkaline polyol pulping (AlkaPolP). It exhibits a high degree of flexibility with respect to the extent of fractionation by adjusting easily controllable process parameters. As shown in this contribution, the AlkaPolP process can be successfully applied for a wide range of lignocellulosic biomass including hardwood, softwood, bark and grasses, all of which yielding high quality product fractions. With essentially complete delignification the obtained pulp fraction is easily degraded by cellulases. The produced hydrolysates are free of inhibitors and can be used as substrates for a variety of fermentation processes. Without further modification, the AlkaPolP lignin fraction can be readily applied as high value substrate for various processes as confirmed by extensive characterisations in industrial and research laboratories (Dynea, Fraunhofer Institute). The remaining product fraction resulting from the degradation of various polysaccharides is being recovered as carboxylic acids. Based on extensive experimental results up to mini-plant scale, an integrated biorefinery concept has been developed including a continuous pulping stage and a full scale recycling of process chemicals thus allowing operations in environmentally sensitive rural areas. KW - AlkaPolP KW - Biorefinery KW - Lignocellulose KW - Continuous KW - Extruder Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2015.10.013 SN - 0263-8762 VL - Vol. 107 SP - 13 EP - 23 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Engel, Norman A1 - Hundt, Martin A1 - Schapals, Tino T1 - Increasing the lignin yield of the Alkaline Polyol Pulping process by treating black liquor with laccases of Myceliophthora thermophila T2 - Bioresource Technology N2 - The Alkaline Polyol Pulping process separates cellulose from lignocellulosic biomass by dissolving lignin to a great extent. Due to the pulping conditions the dissolved lignin depolymerises and only 75% can be precipitated. To increase this amount, a 24 h reaction of laccases of Myceliophthora thermophila with lignin dissolved in black liquor of the AlkaPolP process was investigated. The influence of pH, temperature, enzyme concentration and partial oxygen pressure was examined in a batch stirred tank reactor using a Box–Behnken factorial design. Due to the enzymatic reaction the lignin polymerises which results in an enhanced lignin precipitation. The addition of a mediator improves the polymerisation but decreases the amount of precipitable lignin. The influence of the parameters on precipitation yield and molecular mass can sufficiently be described with a second-order model and optimum conditions can be assessed. FT-IR spectra of the obtained lignins revealed that its typical phenolic structure is preserved. KW - Biorefinery KW - Lignocellulose KW - Laccase KW - Polymerisation KW - Lignin Y1 - 2016 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960852415016570 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.12.027 SN - 0960-8524 IS - 203 SP - 96 EP - 102 ER - TY - THES A1 - Hundt, Martin T1 - Der AlkaPolP-Prozess als Ausgangspunkt für eine lignocellulosebasierte Bioraffinerie Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-35350 UR - https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-btu/frontdoor/index/index/docId/3535 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schröter, Sandra A1 - Schnitzlein, Klaus T1 - Enzymatic hydrolysis of rapeseed oil by thermomyces lanuginosus lipase: variation of continuous and dispersed phase in a slug flow reactor T2 - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology N2 - This paper takes a look on the effects of mass transport limitation occurring in hydrolysis of rape seed oil by means of an interfacial activated lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus. In order to carry out investigations for process optimization, the slug flow reactor was chosen in which a large interfacial area can be generated and the mass transport can be investigated individually for each phase. The choice of the capillary material determines the dispersed and the continuous phase. As shown by computational fluid dynamics simulation, the continuous phase is well mixed due to wall effects. The mixing patterns in the dispersed phase differ due to viscous forces between the phases. It was found that, at the same fluid velocities, the conversion in the glass capillary is higher than in the PTFE capillary. The surface-specific hydrolysis rate is used for comparison purposes, since the properties of the capillary are different. Increasing the velocity, the hydrolysis rate can be considerably increased in comparison to stagnant conditions. Already at a fluid velocity of 1 mm s−1, the hydrolysis rates increased to 2.3-fold in the glass capillary and moreover by a factor of 4 in the PTFE capillary. KW - Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase KW - Rapeseed oil KW - Mass transport CFD simulation KW - Liquid-liquid segmented capillary flow Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-018-8902-z SN - 1432-0614 VL - 102 IS - 11 SP - 4799 EP - 4806 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schröter, Sandra A1 - Schnitzlein, Klaus T1 - Macrokinetic Analysis of Liquid-Liquid-Interfacial-Reactions in a Slug Flow Reactor T2 - Jahrestreffen Reaktionstechnik 2017, Würzburg, 2017 N2 - Interfacial reactions occur in heterogeneous reaction systems in which two immiscible phases containing the reactants are brought into contact. The catalyst is located at the phase boundary surface, so it is advantageous for high yields to generate a large interfacial area. Microreactors offer a possibility for this, they are characterized by their enhanced mass transfer, which leads to process intensification. Furthermore, here it is possible to optimize processes on a small scale and with little time effort. The fields of application range from reactive extraction of organic compounds over polycondensation to hydrolysis of esters. The slug-flow reactor used in this study is a micro scale capillary in which an aqueous phase and an organic phase are conveyed forming a continuous and a dispersed phase. This results in a high surface-to-volume ratio, which is predestined for the enzymatic reactions at interfaces. In the present study, a lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus is bound to the interface, it is a water-soluble interface-active enzyme capable of cleaving the ester bond of triglycerides. However, the enzymatic hydrolysis is limited by mass transport and benefits from the accelerated supply and removal of the reaction species to or from the interface. A further influencing factor besides the mass transport is, however, the shear stress at the interface, which has a negative effect on the enzyme activity.1 The aim is to demonstrate these opposing effects and to analyze the macrokinetic, which includes the interactions of chemical reaction (microkinetics) and mass transport. Measurements were carried out at different flow velocities. In addition, the organic phase (rapeseed oil) and the aqueous phase (buffer with enzyme) could be adjusted as the continuous and the disperse phase or vice versa by selecting different capillary materials. As shown in a previous study, different flow profiles will be generated. Finally, the surfacespecific hydrolysis rate was determined from the measured fatty acid concentration and the calculated interfacial area. The oil or water sided flow profiles have an hugh effect on overall hydrolysis rate. So the overall hydrolysis rate increases when mass transfer in oleic phase is enhanced by choosing it as continuous phase, this could even compensate the negative effect of shear stress in aqueous phase.1 Furthermore, the flow profiles in the Slug-Flow Reactor can also be modeled very well in the CFD simulation. So this numerical study serves as an important basis for the explanation of the occuring phenomenons. KW - Liquid Liquid Slug Flow KW - Mass transport limitation KW - Thermomyces lanuginosus Lipase KW - Rapeseed oil Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.14159.38564 ER -