TY - GEN A1 - Erekath, Swathi A1 - Seidlitz, Holger A1 - Schreiner, Monika A1 - Dreyer, Christian T1 - Food for future: Exploring cutting-edge technology and practices in vertical farm T2 - Sustainable Cities and Society N2 - With the growing urbanized population, vertical farming becomes indispensable in eradicating hunger and ensuring food security for the future. Food security has become a major challenge for the future owing to the scarcity of land, rising global population, urbanization, and polluted soil and water resources. In this scenario, vertical farming as an innovative food production technology caters increased productivity with limited resources and improved carbon footprint. The review begins with a brief introduction to the concept of vertical farming, its opportunities and implications on the economy, environment, and society as a whole, following with an in-depth qualitative analysis of the cutting-edge innovations/technologies are presented in detail. Contrary to the numerous research focusing on mere analysis of economic viability and statistical analysis, the aim is to introduce real cutting-edge technologies that address the challenges of vertical farms such as lack of technical skills or energy requirements. The recent advances of vertical farms includes construction of outer vertical structure and growing shelves using light weight and transparent polymer composites, engineered and tunable LEDs lightings, 3-D printed and recyclable growing substrates, AI-integrated IoTs for environment control, harvesting materials for renewable energy storage etc. Such material innovations with inclusion of AI and robotics transform automated vertical farming into ‘state of the art’ agricultural technology. Production shelf fabricated using UV cured GBOV-glass fiber composite with 60% transparency can overcome the material weight limitation, corrosion, light obstructions etc. associated with the conventional steel shelves. Replacing non-renewable fossil fuels using renewable energy harvested by carbon dots, fluorescent materials, and perovskite solar cells is recommended to minimize the high capital investments associated with energy as well as to reduce the environmental impact. Smart materials such as phase change materials and thermoresponsive windows control the amount of energy expended whereas smart substrate promotes resource management. Application of the newest technology AI in vertical farming facilitates precise control of environment, early pest detection, automation of farming processes, data-driven decision making and precision agriculture. In short, vertical farms utilizing modern innovations of science and technology caters enhanced productivity, improved quality, reduced cost, resource management and sustainability. Hence, automated and sustainable vertical farms promoting global food security and circularity have the potential to transform into burgeoning technology of future. KW - Transportation KW - Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment KW - Civil and Structural Engineering KW - Geography, Planning and Development Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105357 SN - 2210-6707 VL - 106 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Recupido, Federica A1 - Lama, Giuseppe Cesare A1 - Steffen, Sebastian A1 - Dreyer, Christian A1 - Seidlitz, Holger A1 - Russo, Vincenzo A1 - Lavorgna, Marino A1 - De Luca Bossa, Ferdinando A1 - Silvano, Selena A1 - Boggioni, Laura A1 - Verdolotti, Letizia T1 - Efficient recycling pathway of bio-based composite polyurethane foams via sustainable diamine T2 - Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety N2 - Aminolysis is widely recognized as a valuable chemical route for depolymerizing polymeric materials containing ester, amide, or urethane functional groups, including polyurethane foams. Bio-based polyurethane foams, pristine and reinforced with 40 wt% of sustainable fillers, were depolymerized in the presence of bio-derived butane-1,4-diamine, BDA. A process comparison was made using fossil-derived ethane-1,2-diamine, EDA, by varying amine/polyurethane ratio (F/A, 1:1 and 1:0.6). The obtained depolymerized systems were analyzed by FTIR and NMR characterizations to understand the effect of both diamines on the degradation pathway. The use of bio-based BDA seemed to be more effective with respect to conventional EDA, owing to its stronger basicity (and thus higher nucleophilicity), corresponding to faster depolymerization rates. BDA-based depolymerized systems were then employed to prepare second-generation bio-based composite polyurethane foams by partial replacement of isocyanate components (20 wt%). The morphological, mechanical, and thermal conductivity properties of the second-generation polyurethane foams were evaluated. The best performances (σ10 %=71 ± 9 kPa, λ = 0.042 ± 0.015 W∙ m-1 ∙K-1) were attained by employing the lowest F/A ratio (1:0.6); this demonstrates their potential application in different sectors such as packaging or construction, fulfilling the paradigm of the circular economy. KW - Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis KW - Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health KW - Pollution KW - General Medicine Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115758 SN - 0147-6513 VL - 269 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Błędzki, Andrzej A1 - Seidlitz, Holger A1 - Urbaniak, Magdalena A1 - Köhler, Mathias A1 - Adamcio, Andrzej A1 - Sobczyk, Marcin A1 - Demski, Szymon A1 - Boczkowska, Anna T1 - Reusing and recycling of composite wind turbine blades. A review of current practices and prospects. Part 3. Various proposals offered by small and middle companies T2 - Przemysł chemiczny N2 - A review, with 32 refs., of various new proposals for recycling and reusing of wind turbine blades by small companies (including the Polish Anmet company). New projects on shredding blades as well as on architecture objects, road construction, geotechn. blocks, floating platforms and observation towers were presented. Prodn. of composite chipboard panels and recovery of carbon fibers by waste pyrolysis were also included. KW - General Chemical Engineering KW - General Chemistry KW - polymer composites KW - wind turbine blades KW - global recycling projects KW - practical recovery and reuse KW - recycled carbon fibers Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.15199/62.2024.2.4 SN - 0033-2496 VL - 103 IS - 2 SP - 241 EP - 250 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Błędzki, Andrzej A1 - Seidlitz, Holger A1 - Urbaniak, Magdalena A1 - Köhler, Mathias A1 - Adamcio, Andrzej A1 - Sobczyk, Marcin A1 - Demski, Szymon A1 - Boczkowska, Anna T1 - Reusing and recycling of composite wind turbine blades. A review of current practices and prospects. Part 1. Academic research T2 - Przemysł chemiczny N2 - A review, with 34 refs., of new materials for manufacturing the turbine blades, processes for monitoring maintenance and structural health of the blades as well as chem., thermal and mech. blade recycling technologies. KW - General Chemical Engineering KW - General Chemistry KW - polymer composites KW - wind turbine blades KW - global recycling projects KW - practical recovery and reuse KW - recycled carbon fibers Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.15199/62.2024.2.2 SN - 0033-2496 VL - 103 IS - 2 SP - 225 EP - 233 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Błędzki, Andrzej A1 - Seidlitz, Holger A1 - Urbaniak, Magdalena A1 - Köhler, Mathias A1 - Adamcio, Andrzej A1 - Sobczyk, Marcin A1 - Demski, Szymon A1 - Boczkowska, Anna T1 - Reusing and recycling of composite wind turbine blades. A review of current practices and prospects. Part 2. Industrial activities T2 - Przemysł chemiczny N2 - A review, with 33 refs., of projects currently implemented and planned by large consortia in the area of recovering variety of composite materials for their reuse KW - General Chemical Engineering KW - General Chemistry KW - polymer composites KW - wind turbine blades KW - global recycling projects KW - practical recovery and reuse KW - recycled carbon fibers Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.15199/62.2024.2.3 SN - 0033-2496 VL - 103 IS - 2 SP - 234 EP - 240 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hannan, Azmin Nasrin A1 - Seidlitz, Holger A1 - Hartung, David A1 - Kuke, Felix A1 - Ambrosio, Marcello A1 - Müller, Marco T1 - Sustainability and Circular Economy in Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Plastics T2 - Materials Circular Economy N2 - Carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) components are known for their exceptional resilience and ultra-lightweight nature, making them the preferred choice for applications requiring high mechanical loads with minimal weight. However, the intricate and anisotropic structure of CFRP components poses challenges, resulting in expensive repairs and testing. This complexity also leads to increased waste generation. Yet, innovative recycling processes offer a solution by reintegrating carbon components into a closed material cycle, promoting sustainability and circular economy principles. This work focuses on recycled CFs (rCFs) obtained through a continuous recycling method for CFRP primary recyclate from composite pressure vessel. Furthermore, re-purposing of the separated matrix material for secondary energy sources makes the process, a 100% recycling route. This closed-loop approach addresses conventional pyrolysis challenges and contributes to more efficient utilization of CFRP waste components. rCF and recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) polymers were compounded through an extrusion process. Test specimens were then fabricated according to standard test norms to evaluate the resulting tensile and bending properties. The tensile and flexural modulus of the rCF-rPET obtained are 6.80 and 4.99 GPa, respectively. The need for enhancing the quality of rCF is apparent. Suggestive and potential implications and the marketability of rCF-rPET compounds are also discussed. KW - Sustainability KW - Circular Economy KW - Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Plastics Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s42824-024-00111-2 SN - 2524-8146 VL - 6 IS - 1 PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC ER - TY - GEN A1 - Shapovalov, Oleg A1 - Ost, Lucas A1 - Kuke, Felix A1 - Doynov, Nikolay A1 - Ambrosio, Marcello A1 - Seidlitz, Holger A1 - Michailov, Vesselin T1 - Entwicklung und Analyse einer Fügestrategie für FKV/Metall-Mischverbindungen auf Basis der CMT-Pinschweißtechnik T2 - Joining Plastics N2 - Dieser Beitrag stellt eine Entwicklung, Anpassung und Untersuchung der neuartigen Pinschweißtechnik zur Verbindung thermoplastischer Faserkunststoffverbunde mit metallischen Fügepartnern dar. Die untersuchte Fügetechnik bietet, im Vergleich zu anderen Verfahren, neben einer einseitigen Zugänglichkeit, ein hohes Leichtbaupotenzial. An Multimaterial-Einzelpinverbindungen wurden die CMT-Pinschweißbarkeit charakterisiert und unterschiedliche Fügestrategien erprobt und ausgewertet. Als Bewertungskriterien wurden das Schweißgut sowie der Faser- und Matrixerhalt in Abhängigkeit von den Schweißparametern untersucht. Die mechanische Beanspruchbarkeit der mit dem entwickelten Verfahren erstellten Verbindungen wurde in Scherzugversuchen ermittelt. An Mehrpinverbindungen wurde anschließend der Einfluss der Pinanordnung untersucht und die Auslegung der Fügezone analysiert. Der Fügeprozess wurde an Funktionsmustern und diese wiederum in 3-Punkt-Biegeversuchen validiert sowie mit dem Kleben verglichen. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.joining-plastics.info/artikel/entwicklung-und-analyse-einer-fuegestrategie-fuer-fkvmetall-mischverbindungen-auf-basis-der-cmt-pinschweisstechnik SN - 1864-3450 VL - 17 IS - 1 SP - 28 EP - 35 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Seidlitz, Holger A1 - Michailov, Vesselin A1 - Ost, Lucas A1 - Kuke, Felix A1 - Ambrosio, Marcello A1 - Shapovalov, Oleg A1 - Doynov, Nikolay T1 - Simulation of Composites’ Heating T2 - Kunststoffe international N2 - Modern material-compatible joining methods for fiber-reinforced plastics require the heating of the materials. In order to predict the respective complex temperature fields and curves, the Fraunhofer IAP and the BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg have developed numerical methods, which are able to simulate different radiation sources and process sequences as well. KW - Composites KW - Simulation KW - Joining of Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Composites Y1 - 2023 UR - https://epaper.kunststoffe.de/en/read/26/26/2023-05-26/1 SN - 1862-4243 VL - 113 IS - 4 SP - 60 EP - 64 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Seidlitz, Holger A1 - Ulke-Winter, Lars A1 - Kuke, Felix A1 - Ost, Lucas ED - Kumar, Sanjeev T1 - Material and Load Path Appropriate Joining Techniques for FRP/Metal Hybrid Structures T2 - Welding - Materials, Fabrication Processes, and Industry 5.0 N2 - Fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP) offer great lightweight construction potential. However, the anisotropic high-performance materials can only be fully utilized through the development of material-specific joining processes. A literature study shows that conventional methods such as screwing, riveting and bolting are unsuitable, since the load-bearing fibers are severed in the joining region. This leads to high-stress concentrations. To reduce these, a method is presented in which through holes are created in thermoplastic FRP by reorienting the fibers in this area around the point of disruption in accordance with the load path. For this purpose, the polymer matrix is softened locally by applying heat and penetrated with a needle or mandrel. Based on this, a technology for material-specific joining of FRP and metals has been developed in the form of thermomechanical flow drill joining. In this process, a mandrel forms a bush from the metal component and deflects the fibers of the locally softened organic sheet to suit the material. Cold metal transfer (CMT) pin welding is presented as another fully automatable joining process. In this method, the softened plastic component is penetrated with the welding wire, displacing the fibers in the joining area and realigning them to suit the load path. KW - fiber-reinforced plastics KW - thermomechanical flow drill joining KW - cold metal transfer pin welding KW - load path KW - fiber orientation Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.intechopen.com/books/1002588 SN - 978-1-83769-870-7 SN - 978-1-83769-872-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1002239 PB - IntechOpen CY - London ET - 1. Auflage ER - TY - GEN A1 - Seidlitz, Holger A1 - Ost, Lucas A1 - Ambrosio, Marcello A1 - Kuke, Felix A1 - Michailov, Vesselin A1 - Shapovalov, Oleg A1 - Doynov, Nikolay T1 - Erwärmung von Composites simulieren T2 - Kunststoffe N2 - Neuartige, werkstoffgerechte Fügeverfahren für Faserkunststoffverbunde setzen die Erwärmung der Materialien voraus. Um die damit verbundenen komplexen Temperaturfelder und -verläufe vorherzusagen, haben das Fraunhofer IAP und die BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg numerische Verfahren entwickelt. Mit diesen können auch verschiedene Strahlungsquellen und Prozessabläufe simuliert werden. KW - Faserkunststoffverbunde KW - Fügen KW - Simulation Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.kunststoffe.de/a/article-3363044 SN - 0023-5563 IS - 2 SP - 66 EP - 70 ER -