TY - GEN A1 - Jung, Friedrich A1 - Krüger-Genge, Anne A1 - Waldeck, Peter A1 - Küpper, Jan-Heiner T1 - Spirulina platensis, a super food? T2 - Journal of Cellular Biotechnology N2 - Spirulina platensis, a multicelluar, photosynthetic prokaryote (algae) contains a high amount of proteins, vitamins and minerals superior to many foods as e.g. soybeans. Thus, Spirulina platensis was recognized as nutritious food by the United Nations World Food Conference. Due to the high amount of nutritive ingredients Spirulina has a long history as dietary supplement. In addition, spirulina platensis is also efficiently used as forage with known effects on flesh, egg and plumage color, milk yield and fertility. The versatile utilization of the alga can be explained on the one hand with the nutrient levels and on the other hand with recognized effects as anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory substance. Therefore, this alga is named as “superfood”. Beyond, these algae convert carbon dioxide into organic substances and produce oxygen during their growth in alkaline and saline water thereby not wasting fresh water allowing the production in barren areas. Despite this diverse use of Spirulina platensis due to its beneficial properties, many basic mechanisms on a molecular and cellular level are not well understood and should be explored in future studies. KW - Spirulina KW - health effects KW - dietary supplements KW - liver protection KW - virus infection KW - HIV KW - nutrition KW - animal feeding Y1 - 2019 UR - https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-cellular-biotechnology/jcb189012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/JCB-189012 SN - 2352-3689 SN - 2352-3697 VL - 5 IS - 1 SP - 43 EP - 54 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jung, Friedrich A1 - Jung, Conrad H. G. A1 - Krüger-Genge, Anne A1 - Waldeck, Peter A1 - Küpper, Jan-Heiner T1 - Factors influencing the growth of Spirulina platensis in closed photobioreactors under CO₂ – O₂ conversion T2 - Journal of Cellular Biotechnology N2 - Since there is growing interest throughout the world in photosynthetic microbes as a potential source of food or food supplements, an assessment of factors which influence the biomass obtained in bioreactors, protein contents and constituents is important. This work reviews the autotrophic cultivation conditions of Spirulina platensis especially the dependency on the strain, the composition of the nutrient solution, pH, temperature of the medium, light intensity and color as well as exposure rhythm, the flow rate and composition of the aerating gas mixture and the bubble size, the content of oxygen, CO₂ and HCO₃ in the medium and last but not least from the optical density of the spirulina suspension during growth. KW - spirulina platensis KW - influencing factors KW - temperature KW - light intensity KW - wave length Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/JCB-199004 SN - 2352-3697 SN - 2352-3689 VL - 5 IS - 2 SP - 125 EP - 134 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Krüger-Genge, Anne A1 - Steinbrecht, Susanne A1 - Jung, Conrad H. G. A1 - Westphal, Sophia A1 - Klöpzig, Stefanie A1 - Waldeck, Peter A1 - Küpper, Jan-Heiner A1 - Storsberg, J. A1 - Jung, Friedrich T1 - Arthrospira platensis accelerates the formation of an endothelial cell monolayer and protects against endothelial cell detachment after bacterial contamination T2 - Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation N2 - Within the last years a comprehensive number of scientific studies demonstrated beneficial effect of Arthropira platensis (AP) as dietary supplement due to a high content of proteins, minerals and vitamins. Positive effects like promoting the immune system, reducing inflammation and an anti-oxidant capacity are reported. In this study, the effect of an aqueous AP extract on primary human venous endothelial cells (HUVEC) was investigated. In addition, the effect of AP on HUVEC treated with a bacterial toxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPA), inducing an activation of HUVEC and cellular detachment, was analyzed. Depending on the concentration of AP extract a significantly accelerated formation of an endothelial cell monolayer was observed. Furthermore, the detachment of HUVEC after LPA addition was dramatically reduced by AP. In conclusion, the data are promising and indicatory for an application of Arthrospira platensis in the clinical field. KW - Arthrospira platensis KW - endothelial cells KW - xCELLigence system Y1 - 2021 UR - https://content.iospress.com/articles/clinical-hemorheology-and-microcirculation/ch201096 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-201096 SN - 1386-0291 VL - 78 IS - 2 SP - 151 EP - 161 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jung, Conrad H. G. A1 - Waldeck, Peter A1 - Petrick, Ingolf A1 - Braune, Steffen A1 - Küpper, Jan-Heiner A1 - Jung, Friedrich T1 - Bioreactor for the cultivation of Arthrospira platensis under controlled conditions T2 - Journal of Cellular Biotechnology N2 - A vertical flat-type bioreactor consisting of transparent polyethylene (food safe) was constructed, which is characterized by a flexible design and allows the adjustment of a light path of 1 cm – 8.5 cm and a working volume of 1.5 l – 4 l. To characterize the performance of the bioreactor, cultivation experiments were performed with the cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis (AP). The growth was assessed continuously by monitoring optical density and intermittently by measuring the dry weight of the AP biomass. An on-line measurement technique for estimating biomass production rate in a photosynthetic microalgae culture was developed. The oxygen produced by AP in the culture medium was flushed out sparging using a mixture of air and CO2 (1%). Factors which might influence the AP growth were monitored: pH, temperature, oxygen concentration and the filling level were corrected automatically to compensate evaporation losses. As an example, the huge influence of the light intensity on the AP growth was tested. The increase of the photon flux density of 15 to 1200μmol/(l · d) led to a 22-fold increase of the productivity and a 3.1-fold shorter doubling time. Using an online measurement technique - together with the control of the growth process via a wireless local area network (WLAN) router and virtual private network - allows monitoring the growth of Arthrospira platensis remotely. Y1 - 2021 UR - https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-cellular-biotechnology/jcb210032 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/JCB-210032 VL - 7 IS - 1 SP - 35 EP - 40 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jung, Conrad H. G. A1 - Braune, Steffen A1 - Waldeck, Peter A1 - Küpper, Jan-Heiner A1 - Petrick, Ingolf A1 - Jung, Friedrich T1 - Morphology and Growth of Arthrospira platensis during Cultivation in a Flat-Type Bioreactor T2 - Life N2 - Arthrospira platensis (AP) is a cyanobacterium with a high economic value and is nowadays one of the most important industrially cultivated microalgae. Knowledge of its growth is essential for the understanding of its physiology and yield. The growth of AP biomass occurs through two mechanisms: (1) propagation by fragmentation of trichomes, and (2) the trichomes are extended by binary fission until they reach their mature status. These phases are visualized by live cell light and laser scanning microscopy, demonstrating the different phases of AP growth. KW - Arthrospira platensis KW - Spirulina KW - life cycle KW - morphology KW - fragmentation KW - fission Y1 - 2021 UR - https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/6/536/htm U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/life11060536 SN - 2075-1729 VL - 11 IS - 6 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jung, Conrad H. G. A1 - Waldeck, Peter A1 - Sykora, Shadi A1 - Braune, Steffen A1 - Petrick, Ingolf A1 - Küpper, Jan-Heiner A1 - Jung, Friedrich T1 - Influence of Different Light-Emitting Diode Colors on Growth and Phycobiliprotein Generation of Arthrospira platensis T2 - Life Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/life12060895 SN - 2075-1729 VL - 12 IS - 6 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jung, Friedrich A1 - Braune, Steffen A1 - Jung, Conrad H. G. A1 - Krüger-Genge, Anne A1 - Waldeck, Peter A1 - Petrick, Ingolf A1 - Küpper, Jan-Heiner T1 - Lipophilic and Hydrophilic Compounds from Arthrospira platensis and Its Effects on Tissue and Blood Cells—An Overview T2 - Life Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/life12101497 SN - 2075-1729 VL - 12 IS - 10 ER -