TY - CHAP A1 - Ender, Remo A1 - Kleeberg, Andreas T1 - Sulfatretention in einem neu angelegten Teich in der Bergbaufolgelandschaft T2 - Gewässer im Wandel der Landschaft, 33. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Limnologie e.V. (DGL) und der Societas Internationalis Limnologiae (SIL), BTU Cottbus, 25.-29.09.2017, Abstractband N2 - Das künstliche Wassereinzugsgebiet „Hühnerwasser" wurde 2004 südlich von Cottbus im ehemaligen Braunkohlentagebau Welzow-Süd angelegt. Im September 2005 wurde mit Beendigung der Bauarbeiten der „Punkt Null" einer unbeeinflussten Sukzession definiert. Im untersten Bereich der 6 ha großen Fläche wurde eine Senke geschaffen, in der sich innerhalb weniger Monate ein Teich mit einer Fläche von ca. 3.800 m², einem Volumen von rund 4.000 m³ und einer maximalen Tiefe von 2,4 m entwickelte. Etwa 20 % des ursprünglichen Teichvolumens gingen innerhalb der ersten drei Jahre durch erosionsbedinge Sedimenteinträge aus dem Einzugsgebiet verloren. Danach nahm die Erosion im Einzugsgebiet mit zunehmender Vegetationsausbreitung deutlich ab. Im Rahmen des Teichmonitorings wurden umfangreiche hydrochemische Daten erhoben, die die Veränderungen im Einzugsgebiet bei einzelnen Elementen gut widerspiegeln. So zeigt die Bilanzierung der Ein- und Austräge des Sulfats, dass mit zunehmender Vegetationsbedeckung und Intensivierung der biologischen Prozesse ein Anstieg der Retention und Festlegung des Schwefels im Sediment erfolgt. Y1 - 2017 UR - http://dgl2017.de/sserpdrow/images/Abstractband_DGL2017.pdf SP - S. 177 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gassert, Egbert A1 - Nenov, Rossen A1 - Ender, Remo T1 - Analyse der Vegetationsentwicklung am Beispiel eines Teiches in der Bergbaufolgelandschaft T2 - Gewässer im Wandel der Landschaft, 33. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Limnologie e.V. (DGL) und der Societas Internationalis Limnologiae (SIL), BTU Cottbus, 25.-29.09.2017, Abstractband N2 - Methoden der Fernerkundung gewinnen in der ökologischen Forschung zunehmend an Bedeutung und sind in vielen Bereichen bereits fest etabliert. Am Beispiel der Vegetationssukzession an und in einem neu angelegten Teich soll das Potential der GIS-basierten Auswertung von Luftbildern aufgezeigt werden. Das künstlich angelegte Wassereinzugsgebiet „Hühnerwasser“ im Bereich des Niederlausitzer Braunkohlentagebaus Welzow-Süd wird als Modell für die initiale Entwicklung eines Ökosystems genutzt. Für das Gebiet wurde im September 2005 mit Beendigung der Bauarbeiten der „Punkt Null" einer unbeeinflussten Sukzession definiert. Im am tiefsten gelegenen Bereich der 6 ha großen Fläche wurde eine Senke geschaffen, in der sich in wenigen Monaten ein Teich mit einer Fläche von ca. 3.800 m² und einem Volumen von rund 4.000 m³ entwickelte. Seine maximale Tiefe betrug 2,4 m. Die Gebietsentwicklung wird im Rahmen eines umfangreichen Monitorings u.a. mit regelmäßigen Vegetationskartierungen erfasst. Etwa 20 % des ursprünglichen Seevolumens gingen innerhalb der ersten drei Jahre durch erosionsbedingte Sedimenteinträge aus dem Einzugsgebiet verloren. Durch den zunehmenden Rückhalt der Mittel- und Grobsande im sich im Teichzulaufbereich ausbildenden Schwemmfächer gelangten in der Folge überwiegend feinkörniges Sediment aus Ton und Schluff (< 0,06 mm) in den Teich, die sich in den nördlichen und zentralen tieferen Bereichen ablagerten. Die fortschreitende Vegetationsentwicklung im Einzugsgebiet führte zudem zu einer Abnahme der Erosionsprozesse und begünstigte auch die rasche Ausbreitung von emersen und submersen Makrophyten im Teich und um den Teich herum. Die Ufervegetation erwies sich als wirksame Sedimentfalle, die dem weiteren Eintrag mineralischer Stoffe entgegenwirkte. Zur Darstellung der Vegetationsentwicklung an und um den Teich herum wurden GIS-basierte Verfahren der Luftbildauswertung herangezogen. Zu Beginn der Vegetationsentwicklung dominierten am Gewässerrand Schilf (Phragmites australis) und mit deutlich geringerem Deckungsgrad Breitblättriger Rohrkolben (Typha latifolia). Die Makrophyten-Besiedlung im Teich setzte sich aus drei Potamogeton-Arten (P. pectinatus, P. lucens und P. natans), Myriophyllum spicatum und Chara globularis zusammen. Im Jahr 2009 war P. pectinatus die häufigste Makrophytenart im Teich, gefolgt von P. lucens und M. spicatum, P. natans und Chara globularis. 2015 dominierten dann P. lucens und P. natans, Ch. globularis. P. pectinatus und M. spicatum wurden nicht mehr gefunden. Der Schilfgürtel erstreckte sich inzwischen auf nahezu alle Teichbereiche mit einer Wassertiefe von weniger als 1 m. Y1 - 2017 UR - http://dgl2017.de/sserpdrow/images/Abstractband_DGL2017.pdf SP - S. 180 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Varrani, Arianna A1 - Nones, Michael T1 - Vulnerability impacts and assessment of climate change on Jakarta and Venice T2 - International Journal of River Basin Management N2 - In the next future, cities located in coastal areas are likely to suffer for climatic changes more than all other human systems. The demographic growth, combined with sea-level rise and global warming related to natural causes and anthropogenic activities, endanger those systems. Thence, to effectually cope with new climate forcing, coastal cities need improvements to be sustainable, resilient and liveable, applying flexible design approaches rather than a traditional one. The paper highlights such concepts presenting two case studies of important coastal cities: Venice, in Northern Italy, and Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia. Although characterized by completely different climatic conditions and living habits, these two metropolises are highly impacted by humans and threatened by similar factors like subsidence and sea-level rise, which increase their exposure to future calamities principally driven by climate change but strictly related to anthropic pressures. The present situation shows that, for the future, the resilience of coastal megalopolis can be increased only using a mix of approaches at various levels, spanning from technical measures to adaptable planning instruments that consider future uncertainties. KW - City resilience KW - climate change adaptation KW - flood risk management KW - Jakarta KW - urban planning KW - Venice Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/15715124.2017.1387125 SN - 1814-2060 SN - 1571-5124 VL - 16 IS - 4 SP - 439 EP - 447 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Brück, Yasemine A1 - Schulte-Overberg, Philipp A1 - Pohle, Ina A1 - Hinz, Christoph ED - Schütze, Niels ED - Müller, Uwe ED - Schwarze, Robert ED - Wöhling, Thomas ED - Grundmann, Jens T1 - Ökohydrologische Systeme im Wandel: NDVI von Tagebaufolgelandschaften T2 - M³ - Messen, Modellieren, Managen in Hydrologie und Wasserressourcenbewirtschaftung. Beiträge zum Tag der Hydrologie am 22./23. März 2018 an der Technischen Universität Dresden N2 - Tagebau(folge)landschaften bieten gute Möglichkeiten den Wandel ökohydrologische Systeme aufgrund veränderter Umweltbedingungen zu untersuchen: Im Zuge des Tagebaubetriebs wird die Vegetation vollständig entfernt, nach dem Tagebau wächst die Vegetation entweder durch aktive Rekultivierung oder natürliche Sukzession wieder auf. Von Interesse ist, ob und wie bzw. wie schnell sich die Tagebauflächen von der Störung erholen und ähnliche Bedingungen wie vor dem Tagebau bzw. auf ungestörten Flächen herrschen. Klimatische, geomorphologische und ökologische Gegebenheiten sowie die Rekultivierungsstrategie spielen eine große Rolle in der Phase der Rehabilitation und bestimmen die Rate der Wiederbesiedlung mit Pflanzen bzw. deren Wachstum. Der NDVI (normalisierter differenzierter Vegetationsindex) bietet die Möglichkeit generelle Muster der Vegetation quantitativ zu detektieren, um die Regenerationsrate der Vegetation für verschiedene Klima- und Ökoregionen abzuschätzen. Wir analysierten den MODIS Terra NDVI (achttägliche Werte) für Tagebaulandschaften verschiedener Klimate (äquatoriale, trockene, warm gemäßigte und Schnee-Klimate nach Köppen-Geiger) im Zeitraum 2001 bis 2015. Es wurden Kohletagebaue betrachtet, da diese gut definierte Chronosequenzen der Störung erzeugen. Bei der Analyse der NDVI-Zeitreihen sollten Charakteristiken der Rehabilitationsphase erfasst werden. Um die räumliche Heterogenität der Zellen (ca. 250 x 250 m²) der Tagebaulandschaft abzubilden, wurde je Tagebau eine hierarchische Clusteranalyse durchgeführt. Die einzelnen Zeitreihen der Cluster wurden mit einer Methode zur Detektion von Bruchpunkten und zur Zeitreihenzerlegung auf Konsistenz bezüglich Eigenschaften der Zeitreihen (Beginn des Tagebaus, Ende des Tagebaus/Beginn der Rehabilitation, Rate der Rehabilitation) untersucht. Die Clusteranalyse führt zu einer Einordnung der Zellen in vom Tagebau nicht direkt beeinflusste Flächen, aktiven Tagebau und in der Rehabilitation befindliche Fläche verschiedenen Alters bzw. rehabilitierte Flächen. Das Zeitfenster der Entfernung der Vegetation kann im NDVI-Signal identifiziert werden, es zeigt sich meist in einer abrupten Änderung des NDVI. Die Rehabilitationsphase hingegen verläuft graduell und kann mehrere Jahre bis Jahrzehnte andauern. Die Zeitreihenzerlegung zeigt auf, dass in der Rehabilitationsphase der Trend dominiert, während mit Voranschreiten der Rehabilitation die Saisonalität im NDVI-Signal vorherrschend wird. Durch die ermittelte Rate der Rehabilitation können die Flächen innerhalb eines Tagebaus miteinander verglichen werden. Die mittlere Rehabilitationsrate der Tagebaue kann in Zusammenhang mit den vorherrschenden hydroklimatischen Bedingungen der Klimazonen und mit Rekultivierungsstrategien gebracht werden. Zudem ist auch eine Betrachtung hydrometeorologischer Größen zur Erkennung von kurzzeitigen Veränderungen des Pflanzenwachstums im NDVI-Signal möglich. Y1 - 2018 UR - https://tu-dresden.de/bu/umwelt/hydro/ihm/hydrologie/ressourcen/dateien/tdh2018/TdH_2018_Abstractband.pdf SP - S. 113 PB - Technische Universität CY - Dresden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Caviedes-Voullieme, Daniel A1 - Andezhath Mohanan, Anju A1 - Brück, Yasemine A1 - Zaplata, Markus K. A1 - Hinz, Christoph ED - Schütze, Niels ED - Müller, Uwe ED - Schwarze, Robert ED - Wöhling, Thomas ED - Grundmann, Jens T1 - Effect of surface water redistribution on vegetation encroachment in the constructed Hühnerwasser catchment T2 - M³ - Messen, Modellieren, Managen in Hydrologie und Wasserressourcenbewirtschaftung. Beiträge zum Tag der Hydrologie am 22./23. März 2018 an der Technischen Universität Dresden N2 - The artificial Hühnerwasser catchment has experienced a significant and monitored evolution since 2005, changing from a post-mining landscape to an almost fully vegetated ecosystem. The early stages showed a fast rate of ecohydrological evolution with changing dominating processes and feedbacks. The evolution of rill vegetation encroachment is one of such complex co-evolving processes. We hypothesise that rill vegetation encroachment is driven by the evolution of the hydrologic/hydraulic regime of the rill network, which in turn affects the regime, potentially creating a stabilising positive feedback. We further hypothesise that rill vegetation occurs later than hillslope vegetation, and follows a particular establishment and encroachment timeline in response to the changing hydrological/hydraulic regimes. That is, the early runoff-dominated regime results in higher flows, velocities, transport and erosion capacity, thus favouring seed flushing and seedling uprooting. On the other hand, as the system transitions from a runoffdominated into an infiltration- and ET-dominated system, flow, velocity, transport and erosion capacity in the rill network are reduced, making seed establishment in the rills more likely. We explore these hypothesis with two complementary approaches: an analysis of the spatiotemporal distribution of vegetation and a process-based numerical modelling study. Firstly, we assess aerial photography of rill vegetation encroachment between 2007 and 2012 in terms of several vegetation types to derive temporal indicators of encroachment. The analysis reveals that in the initial stages, a rill network developed in the hillslope. Shortly after vegetation first established on hillslopes, the rill network became progressively vegetated. Different pioneering species established heterogeneously, at different times and encroached into the rills at different rates. However, despite the volume of data, it is difficult to assess which are the governing and limiting processes which respectively drive and constrain how and at which rate vegetation encroaches into the rills. In consequence, a pilot modelling study to identify the relative relevance of rill network geometry, bare soil infiltration, hillslope vegetation heterogeneity and intra-storm variability on the hydraulic response of the rill network and its possible impact on encroachment. The overall results suggest that vegetation encroachment may be controlled by the rill network hydraulic regime, but such regime is the result of a complex superposition of responses of all the aforementioned factors, of which rill geometry appears to be a dominant one. Furthermore, the simulations showed that vegetation spatial heterogeneity has an impact on the hydraulic regime coupled to the presence of temporal rainfall variability. Altogether, these results show that the governing coevolving ecohydrological processes are interacting and are strongly affected by spatial and temporal heterogeneities. Y1 - 2018 UR - https://tu-dresden.de/bu/umwelt/hydro/ihm/hydrologie/ressourcen/dateien/tdh2018/TdH_2018_Abstractband.pdf SP - S. 91 PB - Technische Universität CY - Dresden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Pohle, Ina A1 - Gädeke, Anne A1 - Koch, Hagen A1 - Schümberg, Sabine A1 - Hinz, Christoph ED - Schütze, Niels ED - Müller, Uwe ED - Schwarze, Robert ED - Wöhling, Thomas ED - Grundmann, Jens T1 - Kann Wasserressourcenbewirtschaftung die Unsicherheiten projizierter Klimafolgen auf den Abfluss vermindern? - Ein Vergleich in zwei hydrologisch ähnlichen Einzugsgebieten mit unterschiedlichem Ausmaß des Bewirtschaftungseinflusses T2 - M³ - Messen, Modellieren, Managen in Hydrologie und Wasserressourcenbewirtschaftung. Beiträge zum Tag der Hydrologie am 22./23. März 2018 an der Technischen Universität Dresden N2 - Studien zum Einfluss des zukünftigen Klimawandels auf das Abflussgeschehen fokussieren oft auf die Fortpflanzung von Unsicherheiten in Modellkaskaden, berücksichtigen meist jedoch die Wasserressourcenbewirtschaftung nur ungenügend. Wir untersuchten den Einfluss der Wasserressourcenbewirtschaftung auf die Abflussvariabilität und die Fortpflanzung von Unsicherheiten von Klimaprojektionen auf Abflusssimulationen in den Einzugsgebieten von Spree (bis Pegel Große Tränke: 6200 km²) und Schwarzer Elster (5700 km²). Die Einzugsgebiete ähneln sich hinsichtlich Klima, Topographie, Boden und Landnutzung, jedoch ist das Spreeeinzugsgebiet stärker durch den Braunkohletagebau und die damit verbundenen Bewirtschaftung geprägt und durch einen höheren Speicherausbaugrad gekennzeichnet. Um zwischen Bewirtschaftungseinflüssen und meteorologischen Einflüssen zu separieren, wurden für den Zeitraum 1961-2005 beobachtete Abflüsse mit durch das Modell SWIM rekonstruierten natürlichen (d.h. ohne Bewirtschaftungseinfluss) Abflüssen der Vergangenheit verglichen. Mögliche Einflüsse des Klimawandels wurden für den Zeitraum 2018-2052 auf Grundlage von 3 Szenarien des statistischen Regionalmodells STAR (je 100 Realisierungen) mit SWIM (natürliche Abflüsse) und dem Langfristbewirtschaftungsmodell WBalMo (bewirtschaftete Abflüsse) modelliert. Die Analyse erfolgte mit Fokus auf Saisonalität, Oszillation, Verteilung und räumliche Variabilität der Abflüsse. Der Vergleich zwischen beobachteten und natürlichen Abflüssen der vergangenen Jahrzehnte zeigt, dass die zwischenjährliche Abflussvariabilität im Spreeeinzugsgebiet stärker durch Grubenwassereinleitungen als durch natürliche hydrologische Prozesse bestimmt wurde. Zusätzlich führt der höhere Speicherausbaugrad dazu, dass die kurzzeitliche und saisonale Variabilität im Spreeeinzugsgebiet geringer als im Einzugsgebiet der Schwarzen Elster ist. Simulationen mit Klimaszenarien, welche steigende Jahresmitteltemperaturen und einen Rückgang der Niederschlagsjahressummen enthalten, führen zu deutlichen Abflussrückgängen. Die Unterschiede der natürlichen Abflüsse beider Einzugsgebiete sind gering, die Unsicherheiten der Klimaprojektionen werden durch die hydrologische Modellierung verstärkt. Die natürlichen und bewirtschafteten Abflüsse der Schwarzen Elster unter Klimawandel unterscheiden sich kaum. Im Spreeeinzugsgebiet zeigt sich eine deutliche Verringerung der Variabilität und Unsicherheiten unter Klimawandel von den natürlichen zu den bewirtschafteten Abflüssen. Die Analysen zeigen, dass effektive Wasserressourcenbewirtschaftung die Abflussvariabilität verringern kann und damit auch dazu beitragen kann, die sich aus Klimawandelprojektionen ergebenden Unsicherheiten zu vermindern. Einzugsgebiete mit einem hohen Ausbaugrad weisen weniger Vulnerabilität bezüglich klimatischer Änderungen auf. Dies unterstreicht die Bedeutung von Wasserresourcenbewirt-schaftungfür die Anpassung an den Klimawandel. Y1 - 2018 UR - https://tu-dresden.de/bu/umwelt/hydro/ihm/hydrologie/ressourcen/dateien/tdh2018/TdH_2018_Abstractband.pdf SP - S. 30 PB - Technische Universität CY - Dresden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Caviedes-Voullieme, Daniel A1 - Martı́nez-Aranda, Sergio A1 - Fernández-Pato, Javier A1 - García-Palacín, Ignacio A1 - García-Navarro, Pilar ED - Schütze, Niels ED - Müller, Uwe ED - Schwarze, Robert ED - Wöhling, Thomas ED - Grundmann, Jens T1 - Measuring 2D transient shallow water surfaces: raising the benchmark challenges for 2D shallow water solvers T2 - M³ - Messen, Modellieren, Managen in Hydrologie und Wasserressourcenbewirtschaftung. Beiträge zum Tag der Hydrologie am 22./23. März 2018 an der Technischen Universität Dresden N2 - In the past decade, shallow water (SW) solvers have been dramatically improved both in terms of accuracy and computational power. The mathematical, numerical and computational improvements available in state-of-the-art solvers now allow for large scale, long term, high resolution simulations of river flooding, flash floods, dam-break phenomena, rainfall-runoff simulation and extensions into pollutants, substance and sediment transport, etc. SW solvers have been benchmarked against a set of test cases, ubiquitious in the literature. The solvers have been systematically verified against 1D and some 2D analytical solutions and validated further against 1D and 2D laboratory experiments, as well as some well-documented real-scale field cases. However, despite the 2D nature of many of these benchmark tests, none of them report 2D water surface elevation. Typically a few profiles are measured and reported, and more often, only a few points are available. Moreover, in field cases, often not even fully transient data is available. The reason for the inavailability of 2D transient water surface data is due to the technical difficulty of measuring a (fast) moving water surface. In most of the reported experiments, pressure gauges are often used to register water depth evolution, and sometimes PIV techniques have been used to obtain velocity fields. In experimental fluid mechanics, measuring the evolution of a free surface has received little attention, as it has been mainly understood as a problem for SW flows, and more recently for free surface granular flows. In consequence, this work aims to generate a new benchmarking dataset in which 2D transient water surfaces are available for SW model developers and users to further test and challenge these models. We argue that the availability of this new data can help identify limitations in the current generation of solvers, thus laying the ground for improvements in the near future. We present laboratory-scale experimental results on steady and unsteady 2D water surfaces performed in a laboratory flume, ranging from steady transcritical flow to dam-break flows around obstacles. The transient water surface was captured using a commercial-grade RGBD sensing device which allows to capture a high-frequency succession of 3D color-coded point clouds. The channel bed can also be registered in the same manner, thus also allowing to compute the 2D transient water-depth field. Color coding also allows to easily differentiate the channel bed, sidewalls and obstacles. The result of the experimental study is a novel collection of 2D benchmark SW cases, with transient water depth and water elevation data for the entire visible flow field. Furthermore, we compare the experimental measurements to 2D shallow water simulations performed with an extensively tested state-of-the-art solver to assess the suitability of this dataset to perform as benchmark test cases and identify some potential limitations of current models. Y1 - 2018 UR - https://tu-dresden.de/bu/umwelt/hydro/ihm/hydrologie/ressourcen/dateien/tdh2018/TdH_2018_Abstractband.pdf SP - S. 23 PB - Technische Universität CY - Dresden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Caviedes-Voullième, Daniel A1 - Hinz, Christoph T1 - The role of topography and intra-annual rainfall variability in semi-arid vegetation self-organisation: a multi-scale modelling study T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2018, Vienna, Austria N2 - Coevolution of hydrological and vegetation dynamics in semi-arid regions has been widely observed to result in vegetation self-organisation (VSO). Many hypothesis of VSO’s underlying ecohydrological processes and feedbacks have been studied relying on mathematical models, which have been key to evaluate the sensitivity of ecohydrological systems to environmental factors and drivers. Although this ecohydrological coevolution is essentially multiscale, researchers have continued to be constrained by the simplicity of the models which are unable to cope with the multiscale, process-based complexity of fast-moving surface water over complex topographies driven by varying rainfall, during decade-to-century long VSO processes. This limitation has not allowed deep exploration of the role and sensitivity of key environmental factors such as topography and rainfall variability, and the lack of proper hydrodynamics still constrains adequate sediment transport modelling and its feedback effects on VSO. We hypothesize that the intra-storm water redistribution by surface runoff at the hillslope scale is strongly controlled by both topography and storm intensity and may control VSO. This requires for these environmental factors to be accurately represented in models and their their hydraulic and hydrological effects properly reflected. This work provides the first systematic study of the effects of topography and intra-annual rainfall distributions on vegetation band formation at the hillslope scale. Simulations were performed with a physically-based numerical model solving the Zero-Inertia approximation to the shallow water equations for surface flow coupled to the HilleRisLambers-Rietkerk vegetation model, allowing to explicitly represent arbitrary topography. An idealized study of ecohydrological evolution over 30 years was performed, solving with a temporal resolution in the seconds scale. Plane, convex and convex hillslope topologies with different slopes were used, while forcing the model with different annual rainfalls along a semi-arid rainfall gradient, with discrete events of different frequencies. We describe results in terms of evolution of total biomass, hydrological water balance, and of the spatial properties of banded vegetation. Results show that both topography and intra-annual rainfall distribution can play a shaping and governing role in VSO by controlling surface water redistribution and the hydrologic water balance. Increasing slopes favours runoff over infiltration, reducing the available water for vegetation and resulting in different evolutions of vegetation band geometry and band migration. Hillslope topology plays a strong role in the internal water redistribution of the system. Plane and convex surfaces behave similarly, but concave surfaces exhibit a different ecohydrological behaviour, despite the very small topological differences. Different intra-annual rainfall distributions result in different rainfall intensities for the same total annual rainfall which strongly affect the band formation and evolution process: higher intensities lead to less available water, to which vegetation adapts by spatially clustering in bands with different geometrical properties. The study also shows that it is computationally feasible (a few hours runtime) to perform decade-to-century long simulations of these systems with physically-based numerical models paving the way to simulate natural systems with arbitrary topography and high-resolution rainfall data, and is a first step in introducing physically-based sediment transport processes and feedbacks in these studies. Y1 - 2018 UR - https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2018/EGU2018-17423.pdf N1 - EGU2018-17423 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Brück, Yasemine A1 - Andezhath Mohanan, Anju A1 - Caviedes-Voullième, Daniel A1 - Hinz, Christoph A1 - Zaplata, Markus K. T1 - Spatio-temporal development of rill vegetation in the Hühnerwasser Catchment T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2018, Vienna, Austria N2 - The artificial catchment “Hühnerwasser” was built in a post-mining landscape, as a field experiment to observe and monitor early-development ecosystems at hillslope scale. Early on, rain-induced rill and channels formation was observed, followed by vegetation growth in between rills, and later on inside the rills. In this work, we aim to describe the temporal evolution of the spatial distribution of rill vegetation. In general terms, we hypothesize four different encroachment patterns might occur: (1) The vegetation spreads from the top of the rills downstream. The underlying hypothesis would be a higher establishment probability due to a lower velocity of surface runoff and therefore less transport probability compared to downstream rill segments. (2) The vegetation starts growing downstream and moves upwards. In this case we can hypothesize that the spatial distribution of the vegetation is dominated by water availability, which is higher or more stable downstream. (3) The vegetation encroaches from the sides into the rills, meaning that inter-rill vegetation governs vegetation encroachment inside the rills. (4) If no patterns are detected it might mean that the encroachment process depends strongly on very local conditions, or perhaps that the underlying assumption of an initially homogeneous seed distribution is false. To investigate the rills formation and rill vegetation encroachment processes, rills and vegetation patches inside these rills were identified and digitized from aerial photographs of the catchment from 2007 to 2012. Different vegetation types were identified based on the colour and texture of the patches. The geometrical properties of the rill segments and vegetation patches were used to define how the different vegetation types have distributed in space and how this distribution has changed over time. Rill mapping reveals a large increase of rill area from 2007 to 2008 and only a small rise from 2008 to 2009. Starting in 2010 dense vegetation prevents a precise mapping of the rills in the aerial photographs, so we assume that there is no change in rill area from 2009 to 2012. In 2007 vegetation covered only 1.4% of the rill area. There is only a small increase of this area in 2008 compared to the later years. In 2012 more than 50% of the rill area is covered by plants. Ten different vegetation types have been identified in the aerial photographs, starting with two types in 2007. By 2012 nine types are spotted in the rills of the catchment. Some of these vegetation types show an encroachment from up- to downstream (e.g. Tussilago farfara), some from down- to upstream like Phragmites australis, whose creeping rhizomes can also promote such spreading. Others reveal no patterns. To better assess and identify the underlying processes leading to these encroachment processes shown by the different vegetation types further data analysis –e.g. comparison with ground based vegetation mapping– and process-based hydrological modelling is necessary to fully explain these observations and assessing additional competition effects, which may be at play. Y1 - 2018 UR - https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2018/EGU2018-13391.pdf N1 - EGU2018-13391 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Caviedes-Voullième, Daniel A1 - Andezhath Mohanan, Anju A1 - Brück, Yasemine A1 - Hinz, Christoph T1 - Rill hydrodynamics and its impact on rill vegetation encroachment: a modelling study of the constructed Hühnerwasser catchment T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2018, Vienna, Austria N2 - The Hühnerwasser catchment is a monitored, early-development constructed catchment within the Lower Lausatia post-mining landscape in Germany. Observations have shown that a sequence of landscape-forming processes occurred, including the initial vegetation establishment stages, which are the main interest of this study. In the initial stages of geomorphic development a surface drainage network of rills was formed as vegetation started to appear on the hillslopes and subsequently inside the rill network. Observations and analysis of the rill vegetation establishment suggest that different vegetation types encroach into the rill network at different times, rates and form different directions. We hypothesize that these encroachment processes may respond to the runoff properties of the catchment at such time: velocity distribution in the rills might play a significant role in flushing seeds in high-velocity reaches of the rill network, thus favouring the appearance of vegetation in low-velocity regions. Consequently, the goal of this study is to assess the magnitudes and spatiotemporal behaviour of velocity in the rill network, to assess its possible impact on seed flushing and rill vegetation encroachment. One rill subcatchment of Hühnerwasser was selected to perform an explorative study of rill hydrodynamics and their impact on vegetation establishment. Two vegetation states were simulated: bare hillslopes and vegetated hillslopes. The vegetated cover polygons were obtained from digitized aerial photography, and stochastically dissagregated 10-minute resolution precipitation data were used, selecting events with early, middle and late peak storm intensities. A 2D explicit finite volume scheme solving the Zero-Inertia approximation to the shallow water equations was used to simulate surface flow in the subcatchment. The preliminary modelling results suggest that that there is no clear overall velocity gradient in the downstream direction along the rills. In fact, velocity in the rills may increase or decrease along the rill following local topography and rill geometry. Consequently, no global trend for the probability of seeds being transported can be established. The results also shows that varying rainfall intensity and rainfall intrastorm distribution –in the absence of hillslope vegetation– does not affect the rill locations of maximum velocities, but mostly affect the magnitude of velocity. In the presence of hillslope vegetation –and thus heterogeneous infiltration conditions in the hillslopes– the spatial distribution of velocity is strongly affected, and can be in fact governed not by topography or rill geometry, but by the spatial heterogeneity of infiltration capacity. Furthermore, the time at which maximum discharge and velocities occur may not match that of maximum intensity. That is, emerging temporal dynamics arise due to the introduction of spatial heterogeneity, which also manifests in the fact that outflow from the subcatchment exhibits a intensity-thresholded behaviour. Y1 - 2018 UR - https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2018/EGU2018-13392.pdf N1 - EGU2018-13392 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Caviedes-Voullième, Daniel A1 - Hinz, Christoph T1 - Convergent biomass, divergent patterns: Can initial conditions govern vegetation self-organisation? T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2018, Vienna, Austria N2 - Vegetation self-organisation in water-limited ecosystems in semi-arid climates has been extensively studied by means of numerical simulation using a set of different reaction-diffusion-equations. Most of such models and studies have been concerned with the long-term steady ecohydrological states on domains with periodic boundaries and forced by steady rainfall, whilst little interest has been given to the transient states which lead to them as well as the spatiotemporal multiscale nature of the feedback processes. It is generally accepted that alternative random initial biomass distributions do not significantly affect the resulting steady state vegetation patterns. However, the role of the initial hydrological conditions –initial surface and subsurface water– has not been explored, mainly due to the interest in the long-term steady state. Nonetheless, vegetation patterns are directly linked to the water distribution occurring at much shorter time scales than vegetation growth, and because they have been shown to be sensitive to annual rainfall, it is reasonable that the initially available water will also play a role. We therefore hypothesize that the initially available water will play a role in the transient process leading to a steady ecohydrological state, and that the steady vegetation patterns will differ in response to the water availability in time during the entire process. In this contribution we explore the role of initial hydrological conditions on both the transient and longterm steady ecohydrological state. A simulation study was performed using the HilleRisLambers-Rietkerk ecohydrological model on a flatland varying the initial available water whilst also spanning the rainfall gradient (90 – 360 mm/year) . The results were assessed in terms of the evolution and steady state of total biomass yield and hydrological water balance, as well as a quantitative assessment of both transient and steady vegetation patterns. The results show that the initially available water does play a role, not only in the early transient state, but in the long-term steady state, and indeed in the geometry of the converged vegetation pattern. Furthermore, although the steady state biomass yield may be the same for varying initial conditions, the final patterns still differ, e.g., a reduction to one-fourth initial water availability results in more but smaller vegetation patches, while a reduction to one-eigth initial water results in less, but larger patches, and a reduction to one-sixteenth results in a completely new pattern, although total biomass is the same for all. This suggests that long-term average rainfall may govern the total biomass but the initial conditions may play a relevant shaping role in the long term spatial distributions of steady ecohydrological states of water-limited ecohydrosystems. This is relevant, among other reasons, because the resilience of the system is associated to the vegetation patterns. It also suggests that neither the temporal distribution of rainfall nor the system’s evolution cannot be neglected to understand the environmental factors which lead to a steady ecohydrological state, since multiple paths may be possible. This warrants further developments from the ecohydrological modelling community and further study of transient states through process-based models. Y1 - 2018 UR - https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2018/EGU2018-13684.pdf N1 - EGU2018-13684 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gupana, Remika A1 - Ziemba, Alexander A1 - El Serafy, Ghada T1 - Quantification of Benthic Phytoplankton using Remote Sensing and Machine Learning in the Wadden Sea T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2018, Vienna, Austria N2 - One of the main indicators of ecosystem stability in coastal regions is the occurrence and distribution of primary producers. In the intertidal flats of the Wadden Sea, benthic phytoplankton such as microphytobenthos are significant primary providers of energy. However, the Wadden Sea monitoring data inventory states that there is low availability of microphytobenthos data despite its high demand. To address this gap, a remote sensing approach coupled with data fusion through machine learning using the Random Forest algorithm was adopted and developed. This study also maximized existing datasets to demonstrate other possible applications of such data and subsequently, the added practical value these datasets offer. Microphytobenthos thrive in areas where the sediments have high mud and nutrient content. These organisms are also known to aid in sediment stability due to excreted extracellular polymeric substances. Following this rationale, it was assumed that sediment grain size, Total Suspended Matter (TSM), Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) can be combined in determining microphytobenthos occurrence. The microphytobenthos model derived using Random Forest algorithm has the following input parameters: sediment grain size map derived from Landsat images, MERIS Products TSM, Chl-a and PAR. The benthic diatom model from Het Koninklijk Nederlands Instituut voor Onderzoek der Zee (NIOZ) was used as baseline data for the training model. Another scenario was considered using TSM and Chl-a modelling output from the Generic Ecological Model-Algal Bloom (GEM/BLOOM) model. Two main training models were derived from the microphytobenthos prediction algorithm. These models were distinct from each other; in that the first model had a higher and wider microphytobenthos concentration range (0 – 7000 mg C m-2) and the second model had a lower and narrower range (0 —- 1000 mg C m-2) suitable for warmer and colder time periods, respectively. Although more extensive data is required to further validate this procedure, this alternative method has proven to be a feasible non-invasive technique to quantify microphytobenthos while utilizing existing datasets. Y1 - 2018 UR - https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2018/EGU2018-16069.pdf N1 - EGU2018-16069-1 N1 - This work has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 641762. PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Reichert, Nora A1 - Molkenthin, Frank T1 - Which numerical model is suitable for the simulation of hyporheic residence times and metabolic activity? FE model vs. FV model T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2018, Vienna, Austria N2 - Numerical models have experienced a steady increase in popularity in the scientific community, espe-cially where historically isolated disciplines more and more acknowledge their need for interdisciplinarity. A frequently mentioned example is the interstitial between surface water and ground water in lotic systems, referred to as hyporheic zone. Due to its temporal and spatial heterogeneity, the prediction of hydraulic properties e.g. the residence time remains a challenge in science. Moreover, the hyporheic zone is often described as a reaction chamber due to its repertoire of chemical reactivity, which in turn is highly influenced by the residence times. Ecologically, this habitat is populated by a microbial community that has the potential to alter the chemical characteristics of their environment under the right hydraulic conditions. This small example illustrates the complexity of interdisciplinary research and elucidates the growing requirements concerning numerical models. While the number of numerical models offering to bridge some of these gaps is growing, the decision-making process for the modeler becomes increasingly difficult. It is the objective of this study to identify a suitable model for reproducing measured data from a laboratory flume experiment, in which oxygen was measured as a proxy for metabolic activity under changing dissolved organic carbon inflow in a hyporheic zone with varying residence times. The decision-making process for a suitable numerical model was hereby exemplified by comparing the two numerical models FEFLOW, based on the finite element method (FEM), and MIN3P, based on the finite volume method (FVM). Various aspects of both models are taken into account and evaluated from software technological, numerical or end-user point of view. These include among others the mass balance, meshing algorithm, computational effort and coupling interfaces to surface water models. KW - FEFLOW KW - MIN3P KW - finite volume method KW - finite element method KW - flume experiment Y1 - 2018 UR - https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2018/EGU2018-19845.pdf N1 - EGU2018-19845 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kleeberg, Andreas A1 - Ender, Remo A1 - Leßmann, Dieter T1 - Schwefel-Retention in einem künstlichen Experimentalgewässer in der Bergbaufolgelandschaft (Hühnerwasserteich, Brandenburg) T2 - Ergebnisse der Jahrestagung 2017 der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Limnologie (DGL) in Cottbus KW - pond KW - sulfate retention Y1 - 2018 UR - https://www.dgl-ev.de/cms/upload/dokumente/Publikationen/DGL_Ergebnisse_der_Jahrestagung_2017_Cottbus_CD.pdf SN - 978-3-9818302-2-4 SP - 209 EP - 213 PB - Eigenverlag der DGL CY - Hardegsen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gassert, Egbert A1 - Ender, Remo A1 - Nenov, Rossen A1 - Leßmann, Dieter T1 - Analyse der Vegetationsentwicklung am Beispiel eines Teichs in der Bergbaufolgelandschaft T2 - Ergebnisse der Jahrestagung 2017 der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Limnologie (DGL) in Cottbus KW - Fernerkundung KW - Luftbilder KW - Monitoring Y1 - 2018 UR - https://www.dgl-ev.de/cms/upload/dokumente/Publikationen/DGL_Ergebnisse_der_Jahrestagung_2017_Cottbus_CD.pdf SN - 978-3-9818302-2-4 SP - 113 EP - 116 PB - Eigenverlag der DGL CY - Hardegsen ER - TY - GEN A1 - Caviedes-Voullième, Daniel A1 - Fernández-Pato, Javier A1 - Hinz, Christoph T1 - Cellular Automata and Finite Volume solvers converge for 2D shallow flow modelling for hydrological modelling T2 - Journal of Hydrology N2 - Surface flows of hydrological interest, including overland flow, runoff, river and channel flow and flooding have received significant attention from modellers in the past 30 years. A growing effort to address these complex environmental problems is in place in the scientific community. Researchers have stud-ied and favoured a plethora of techniques to approach this issue, ranging from very simple empirically-based mathematical models, to physically-based, deductive and very formal numerical integration of systems of partial-differential equations. In this work, we review two families of methods: cell-based simulators – later called Cellular Automata – and Finite Volume solvers for the Zero-Inertia equation, which we show to converge into a single methodology given appropriate choices. Furthermore, this convergence, mathematically shown in this work, can also be identified by critically reviewing the exist-ing literature, which leads to the conclusion that two methods originating from different reasoning and fundamental philosophy, fundamentally converge into the same method. Moreover, acknowledging such convergence allows for some generalisation of properties of numerical schemes such as error behaviour and stability, which, importantly, is the same for the converging methodology, a fact with practical implications. Both the review of existing literature and reasoning in this work attempts to aid in the effort of synchronising and cross-fertilizing efforts to improve the understanding and the outlook of Zero-Inertia solvers for surface flows, as well as to help in clarifying the possible confusion and parallel develop-ments that may arise from the use of different terminology originating from historical reasons. Moreover, synchronising and unifying this knowledge-base can help clarify model capabilities, applicability and modelling issues for hydrological modellers, specially for those not deeply familiar with the mathematical and numerical details. KW - Surface runoff KW - Zero-inertia equation KW - Shallow-water equations KW - Cellular Automata KW - Finite Volume KW - Diffusive-wave equation Y1 - 2018 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169418304438 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.06.021 SN - 0022-1694 VL - 563 SP - 411 EP - 417 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Caviedes-Voullième, Daniel A1 - Fernández-Pato, Javier A1 - Hinz, Christoph T1 - Zero-Inertia vs full shallow water equations: a comparison for rainfall-runoff modelling T2 - Computational Methods in Water Resources XXII (CMWR 2018), Bridging gaps between data, models, and predictions KW - Shallow water equations KW - Diffusive-wave equation KW - rainfall-runoff Y1 - 2018 UR - https://www.irisa.fr/sage/jocelyne/CMWR2018/pdf/CMWR2018_paper_147.pdf ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Caviedes-Voullième, Daniel A1 - Hinz, Christoph T1 - An ecohydrological model to explore topographic and rainfall variability effects on vegetation self-organisation T2 - Computational Methods in Water Resources XXII (CMWR 2018), Bridging gaps between data, models, and predictions KW - Vegetation self-organisation KW - complex topography KW - rainfall variability Y1 - 2018 UR - https://www.irisa.fr/sage/jocelyne/CMWR2018/pdf/CMWR2018_paper_54.pdf ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Gourbesville, Philippe A1 - Gomez, Manuel A1 - Bathurst, James A1 - Molkenthin, Frank A1 - Ler, Lian Guey A1 - Kawka, Marcin T1 - HydroEurope, Flood Risks Management and Resilience in Europe : 2016, 2017, 2018 N2 - Since 2002, the pedagogic teams of six European universities are continuously exploring new trends and approaches in education for water engineers. Over the last decade, the water sector is facing the digital revolution challenges. The water uses have reached a high level of complexity that request scientific, technical and social skills in order to answer the demands of users and to preserve a precious resource that request constant cares. Developing new pedagogic practices is strongly needed for integrating the new methods and tools of hydroinformatics and to promote emerging concept like resilience for future professionals who will be in charge of this essential sector. The European programs like Erasmus and Erasmus+ have been, over the years, the main supporting instrument for developing these innovations that request nothing less than the European perspective and spirit. The current book presents the recent results achieved within the Erasmus+ Strategic partnership dedicated to develop pedagogic practices and resources for promoting the resilience concept in flood protection. HydroEurope is targeting MSc students specialised in flood management who will be deeply involved in natural hazards mitigation strategies development in Europe and worldwide. The innovative pedagogic approach and the concept of resilience introduced contribute to develop specific skills and competences which are highly needed for these young professionals. At the same time, the use of ICT in the pedagogic approach contributes to renovate the classical higher education practice in civil engineering. This book introduces HydroEurope by providing the rationale for implementing HydroEurope and the need to conduct HydroEurope transnationally. It justifies the choosing of the HydroEurope partners and provides attestation of the experiences and competences each of the partners will bring to HydroEurope. The partners of HydroEurope are University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, France (UNS), Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus Senftenberg, Germany (BTU), Technical University of Catalonia, Spain (UPC), Newcastle University, United Kingdom (NU), Warsaw University of Technology, Poland (WUT) and Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium (VUB). The objective of HydroEurope is using the collaborative engineering approach to provide the participants of HydroEurope skills and knowledge on flood management in terms of hydrological and hydraulic modelling and flood resilience measures. The methodology on how to achieve this objective as well as the anticipated outcomes and impacts are carefully explained. In addition, this book presents the strategies for resilience approach implementation within the city where it is envisioned that this book will help to spread awareness on flood risk and resilience not just only in the public but also in the education and water domain. The high level of commitments from all partners has ensured the success of the HydroEurope project. All participants have underlined the interest of the approach and recognised the added value for their future professional career. (PDF) HydroEurope, Flood Risks Management and Resilience in Europe,. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328784960_HydroEurope_Flood_Risks_Management_and_Resilience_in_Europe [accessed Nov 20 2018]. KW - Hydroinformatics KW - Flood Risks Management KW - Resilience Y1 - 2018 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328784960_HydroEurope_Flood_Risks_Management_and_Resilience_in_Europe PB - University of Nice Sophia Antipolis [u.a.] CY - Nice ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Trinh, Manh Xuan A1 - Nguyen, Mai Dang A1 - Molkenthin, Frank T1 - Flood risk assessment in the Tra Bong river catchment, Vietnam T2 - International Symposium on Lowland Technology (ISLT 2018), Hanoi, Vietnam N2 - Extreme flood events often cause tremendous damage and enormous risks to our life and nature. Flooding is one of the most costly kinds of natural disasters in Vietnam. Tra Bong is a river catchment located in Quang Ngai province, Vietnam. Due to the effect of typhoons originated from the East Sea, many extreme floods occur in this river annually. Therefore, considering the impacts of flooding and flood risk assessment in this river plays an important role in mitigating and adapting to flood risk. In this paper, a hydrological model (MIKE NAM) and some hydro-dynamic models such as the MIKE 11 HD, MIKE 21 FM and MIKE Flood models were applied as the effective tools to simulate flooding and inundation in the downstream area of the catchment. Two flood risk maps for 2009 and 100 year return period were created based on the intersection of hazard and vulnerability maps which were obtained from flood maps, land-use and population density. Accordingly, more than 80% of total flooded area is at high and very high risk. Almost 35 km2 of the flooded area were under high and very high risk in the year 2009, while, approximately 45.5 km2 would be under high and very high risk in the design flood event of 100 year return period. KW - Flood hazard KW - Flood vulnerability KW - Flood risk assessment Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-604-82-2483-7 PB - Construction Publishing House CY - Hanoi ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Varrani, Arianna A1 - Caviedes-Voullième, Daniel A1 - Hinz, Christoph ED - Armanini, Aronne ED - Nucci, Elena T1 - Dynamic mapping of surface topografy at rainfall events T2 - Proceedings of the 5th IAHR Europe Congress — New Challenges in Hydraulic Research and Engineering N2 - Landscape evolution forced by rainfall is simulated at the laboratory scale and dynamically tracked using six virtual sensors Kinect™ to ensure detailed meas-urements with relatively low-cost devices. Y1 - 2018 UR - http://rpsonline.com.sg/rps2prod/iahr2018/html/213.xml SN - 978-981-11-2731-1 SP - 139 EP - 140 PB - IAHR Secretariat, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering CY - Madrid, Spain ER - TY - GEN A1 - Martı́nez-Aranda, Sergio A1 - Fernández-Pato, Javier A1 - Caviedes-Voullième, Daniel A1 - García-Palacín, Ignacio A1 - García-Navarro, Pilar T1 - Towards transient experimental water surfaces: A new benchmark dataset for 2D shallow water solver T2 - Advances in Water Resources N2 - In the past decade, shallow water solvers have dramatically improved both in terms of accuracy and computational power. New mathematical models and numerical schemes have been systematically verified against 1D exact solutions and laboratory experiments. Despite the two-dimensional nature of some of these benchmark tests, none of them reports complete 2D water depth fields, but only a few profiles are measured and reported in the best case. This work reports a new benchmarking dataset for validation of shallow water solvers, in which two-dimensional transient water depth measurements are available for complex steady and transient laboratory flume experiments, ranging from transcritical steady flow to dam-break flows around obstacles and complex beds. The transient water surface was measured using a commercial-grade RGB-D sensing device which allows to capture a succession of color-coded point clouds at a high frequency. These experimental measurements are compared with 2D shallow water simulations carried out with an extensively tested finite volume solver. Results asses the suitability of this dataset to perform as benchmark tests, identifying potential limitations of current and future models. KW - Finite volumes KW - Shallow water equations KW - 3D-Sensing KW - RGB-D Sensor KW - Transient free-surface flow Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2018.08.013 SN - 0309-1708 SN - 1872-9657 VL - 121 SP - 130 EP - 149 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Martı́nez-Aranda, Sergio A1 - Fernández-Pato, Javier A1 - Caviedes-Voullième, Daniel A1 - García-Palacín, Ignacio A1 - García-Navarro, Pilar ED - La Loggia, Goffredo ED - Freni, Gabriele ED - Puleo, Valeria ED - De Marchis, Mauro T1 - Towards transient 2D experimental water surfaces: strengthening SW model validation T2 - HIC 2018, 13th International Conference on Hydroinformatics N2 - The measurement and simulation of 2D free-surface shallow flows is carried out in this work. For the experimental study a 3D-sensing device (Microsoft Kinect) is used to measure both steady and transient water surface elevation fields with different flow characteristics. This procedure provides 640x480 px resolution water surface level point clouds with a frequency ranging from 8 Hz to 30 Hz. The experimental measurements are compared with 2D finite volume simulations carried out by means of a robust and well-balanced numerical scheme able to deal with flow regime transitions and wet/dry fronts. A good agreement is found between experimental and numerical results for all the cases studied, demonstrating the capability of the RGB-D sensor to capture the water free-surface position accurately. This new experimental technique, which allows us to obtain 2D water depth fields in open- channel flows, leads to a wide range of promising capabilities in order to validate new shallow water models and to improve their accuracy and performance. KW - 3D-sensing device KW - finite volume method KW - open channel flow KW - water free-surface depth Y1 - 2018 UR - https://easychair.org/publications/paper/lXdF U6 - https://doi.org/10.29007/qpmx SP - 1324 EP - 1331 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Almawazreh, Albara A1 - Caviedes-Voullième, Daniel A1 - Hinz, Christoph T1 - Solute dissipation regimes and rates controlled by soil evaporation and rainfall variability in heterogeneous soils T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria, 7–12 April 2019 N2 - Reactive solute leaching from the top soil has received wide attention as it relates to major environmental challenges like groundwater and river water pollution by leached reactive solutes such as agricultural pesticides or biochemical pollutants. Adequate understanding of how fast, when and how such solutes and possible contaminants are leached from the top soil is necessary to enhance agricultural practice, pollution risk assessment and overall water quality management. Many empirical studies have been carried on the subject, with varied their approaches and complexity, and have been carried out under different site and atmospheric conditions. Some ofsuch studies argue that properties of soils and solutes are dominant for the leaching process, while others emphasizeatmospheric drivers as a main trigger for preferential flow. Long residence times have also been observed, with solutes lingering in the soils long after initially introduced and after experiencing rainfall events. Modelling and analytical studies have been put forward to better explain these behaviours, but often neglecting some of of the sources of complexity (such as preferential flow and soil heterogeneity) or with simplified modelling strategies. In this work, we study reactive solute dissipation processes in a soil column with a contaminated top soil layer in response to rainfall events. To cope with a heterogeneous soil structure, within an intermediate-complexity and physically-based framework, we solve Richards equation together with a mobile-immobile soil model together with a non-equilibrium advection-diffusion reaction model in Hydrus1D. We perform an extensive analysis of the sensitivity of solute dissipation rates from the top soil in response to all permutations of a parameter space comprised of soil properties (immobile fraction, mobile-immobile mass transfer coefficient), solute properties (decay coefficient, adsorption coefficient), rainfall parameters (total precipitation, duration, frequency) and the presence or absence of evaporation. Results are assessed in terms of the resulting solute dissipation curves and are fitted to exponential decay curves for comparison purposes. The results show that different solute dissipation regimes exist in response to the dominant physical process under a particular set of conditions. We identify three dissipation regimes which exhibit characteristic time scales and dissipation curve shapes: an advection dominated regime occurring under particular rainfall conditions, an evaporation dominated regime occurring under low rainfall volume and intensity and a decay-dominated regime exists, in which the bio- or chemical- decay rate of the substance is large and therefore dominant. Our results also provide further evidence and rationale for long residence times (which have been previously noted in the literature) in the top soil under preferential flow conditions, as the complex interactions between different processes may favour at mobilisation or immobilisation of the solute, which can be related to the characteristic shapes of the dissipation curves and in turn the regimes. The results allow a better understanding of the controlling processes and the related parameters interactions that dominate each regime. The thorough sensitivity analysis shows that, within those regimes, certain properties have higher weight and respectively more attention should be given when investigating them in comprehensive leaching risk assessment. Y1 - 2019 UR - https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2019/EGU2019-15814.pdf CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Brück, Yasemine A1 - Rojas, Pedro A1 - Caviedes-Voullième, Daniel A1 - Hinz, Christoph T1 - Processing of aerial images to detect vegetation cover and evaluate transient vegetation patch characteristics of Hühnerwasser catchment T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria, 7–12 April 2019 N2 - The artificial catchment “Hühnerwasser” was built in a post-mining landscape, as a field experiment to observe and monitor early-development ecosystems at first catchment scale. As vegetation is a key driver of hydrological catchment behavior, spatial distribution and temporal dynamics of vegetation affects water redistribution from plot to catchment scale. In the context of early ecosystem development, quantifying changes in vegetation structures is an obvious indicator for state transitions. The first years of ecosystem development at the Hühnerwasser catchment showed rapidly increasing complexity of emerging structures associated with rising vegetation cover and increasing number of plant species. This work will focus on characterizing vegetation cover using aerial images aiming to describe spatial structures and how those evolve in time. The early stages are especially of interest. The structure is therefore characterized by the area of the catchment covered by vegetation, the number of vegetation patches, the mean and maximum patch size and a form factor (area of patch divided by its perimeter). Aerial images with a resolution at cm scale were taken once per year from 2007 to 2018. Binary maps are generated by setting thresholds for red, green and blue channels to differentiate between vegetation cover and bare soil. To evaluate the consistency of the binary images of each channel these images were stacked and compared. The performance of the method was tested by using a set of combinations of thresholds and a comparison with manual mapping of vegetation cover at an image subset was made. The blue channel seems to be very sensitive to detect vegetation and a better differentiation of vegetation and dark/wet soil can be achieved by setting the thresholds of the channels in a specific order. The structures derived by the classification into vegetated and bare soil are more important in the early years of ecosystem development. In those years (2007 to 2011) the most changes took place. As time advances vegetation became less patchy and other characteristics need to be implemented to describe the vegetation cover, taking into account different plant functional types. Y1 - 2019 UR - https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2019/EGU2019-14603.pdf CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Caviedes-Voullième, Daniel A1 - Hinz, Christoph T1 - Transient trajectories in vegetation patterns spawning from non-equilibrium initial conditions and singular perturbations T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria, 7–12 April 2019 N2 - Vegetation self-organisation in water-limited ecosystems in semi-arid climates has been extensively studied by means of numerical simulation using a set of different reaction-diffusion-equations. Most of such models and studies have been concerned with the long-term steady ecohydrological steady states on domains with periodic boundary conditions and forced by steady rainfall. A vast majority of the modelling literature on vegetation self-organisation exists around near-equilibrium conditions. One of the clearest examples of this is that most of the published numerical results have been obtained by evolving near-equilibrium initial conditions to asymptotic steady states, since researchers have been historically interested in the resilience and stability of the systems to perturbation around converged, steady (equilibrium) states and little interest has been given to the transient states which lead to the equilibrium states. Nonetheless, ecohydrological theory recognises that dryland ecosystems can often be far-from-equilibrium systems, in quasi-permanent transient condition, exhibiting non-linear responses to boundary conditions and forcings. This prompts the question of how different the behaviour of the system can be when far-from equilibrium. In this contribution we explore the role of far-from equilibrium initial hydrological conditions on both the transient and long-term asymptotically steady ecohydrological states. A simulation study was performed using the HilleRisLambers-Rietkerk ecohydrological model on a flatland varying the initial available water both near and far from equilibrium whilst also spanning the rainfall gradient (90 – 360 mm/year), performing simulations up to 200 years long. The results were assessed in terms of the evolution of total biomass yield and hydrological water balance, as well as a quantitative assessment of vegetation patterns. The results show that equilibrium conditions always yield smooth system trajectories, with little over- or undershooting, converging to the well-established patterns in the literature. However, as initial conditions move further away from equilibrium, the patterns start to differ, both in their temporal trajectory as in their long-term stable states. Conditions closer to equilibrium generate patterns with quantitative differences when compared to equilibrium conditions (e.g., larger spots). Conditions far from equilibrium can result in an entirely different hybrid patterns, consisting of a mix of spots, arcs and spirals. We evaluate these differences both qualitatively (by observing the patterns) and quantitatively, through a set of geometric indicators which describe the patterns. The results show that the patterns are history dependent and suggest that published results so far are only a subset of possible patterns. Additionally, the quantitative assessment of pattern properties in time shows that although patterns appear steady, they may indeed be slowly changing over time, while the total biomass and vegetation cover are steady early on. This has implications on the definitions of ecohydrological steady states. We also show that the effects of the idealised initial conditions on model results can be analogous to singular hydrometeorological events, as even stable patterns can be shifted into hybrid patterns by single events. Furthermore, we also explore how the new hybrid patterns compare to the well-established ones in terms of resilience to hydrological perturbations. Y1 - 2019 UR - https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2019/EGU2019-14199.pdf CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Khosh Bin Ghomash, Shahin A1 - Caviedes-Voullième, Daniel A1 - Hinz, Christoph T1 - Effects of topography and infiltration heterogeneity on surface runoff and connectivity in the Huehnerwasser catchment T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria, 7–12 April 2019 N2 - The Huehnerwasser catchment is a monitored, early-development constructed catchment within the Lower Lausatia post-mining landscape in Germany. From the initial bare catchment state, a sequence of landscape-forming processes occurred, including erosion-based topographic change and vegetation establishment, which are at the centre of this study. Erosion-based topographic change is strongly driven by surface runoff, while in turn itself also modifying runoff in the catchment. These topographic changes can have a significant impact on the hydrological response of a catchment, as they can affect flow paths, flow speeds and rainfall-runoff-infiltration partitioning, all of which manifest in different ways in runoff hydrographs in response to rainfall events. Vegetation establishment enhances local infiltration capacity, introducing infiltration heterogeneity, thus affecting the topography-controlled flowpaths as water infiltrates at vegetation patches. Critical-zone observatories and monitored early-development systems allow to document signatures of the evolution of catchments and to correlate certain behaviours to processes. However, readily and easily achievable runoff signatures often cannot provide a clear nor full description of process interactions, as the individual roles of processes are stacked together, and strongly shaped by the temporal distribution of rainfall, making it very difficult to disentangle the effects of each process, and making modelling a necessary approach to understand these interactions and their manifestations. All such processes occur at small spatial scales, and are difficult to observe or assess when experimentally studying catchment hydrology. Moreover, given that the complexity of processes contributing to morphological changes and the corresponding alteration of runoff signatures, single catchment experiments and even comprehensive monitoring programmes of whole catchments will neither allow to decipher all processes interactions nor will it allow to apply a statistically derived experimental. In this work, we study the effects that spatial distributions of surface topography and infiltration properties have on surface runoff and surface connectivity in response to single rainfall events, in the context of the Huehnerwasser catchment. We simulate rainfall/runoff processes by means of a physically-based, spatially explicit surface flow model, and assess the results in terms of hydrological signatures (hydrograph, hydrological balance), spatial distribution of the hydrodynamics of runoff, and surface flow connectivity. To do this, we use several DEMs of the Hühnerwasser catchment recorded during the erosion-based development of the surface (2006-2010), different hypothetical infiltration properties distributions, and a set of different singular rainfall events. The study allows to observe the individual effects that topographic properties and infiltration distributions have on the hydrograph signatures and connect cause-and-effect through an intermediate, conceptual property of the system: surface runoff connectivity, arguably an indicator of hydrological organisation of the runoff response. Moreover, by systematic analysis, the interactions between topography and infiltration can also be assessed in the hydrograph and explained through connectivity. The results show a range of possible magnitudes of influence of topography and infiltration on the runoff response, while highlighting that the onset of runoff and the rising limb of the hydrograph are mostly affected by these features and their interactions, and strongly related to surface runoff connectivity. Y1 - 2019 UR - https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2019/EGU2019-14326.pdf CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hinz, Christoph A1 - Hafar, Brian A1 - Fischer, Thomas T1 - Heavy metal mobilisation of salt affected soils and sediments: Assessing the role of chloride complex formation. T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria, 7–12 April 2019 N2 - Terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems are increasingly exposed to high level of salt (NaCl) concentrations. Impacts of increased salt concentration on mobilisation of heavy metals have been shown for road side soils receiving de-icing salt, for sediments and soils exposed to salt water intrusions, and soils and aquifers receiving runoff from salt mines. In fact, this study was motivated by the impact of salt dumps on soil and groundwater observed for potash mines in the central part of Germany. The objectives of this contribution is to asses the impact of NaCl concentration on heavy metal mobilization using speciation modelling. In particular, we focus on the effect of chloride complex formation in solution and how strongly this complex formation is “extracting” heavy metal cation from soil and sediments substrates. As experimental data for speciation at very high ionic strength is not readily available and not easily measurable, we focus on PHREEQC modelling to assess NaCl concentration ranges up to 3 M, needing to employ Pitzer equation as the activity model. In order to determine the competition of surface reaction and complex formation in aqueous solution, we used three reaction models: i) surface complexation with a high and low affinity site for iron hydroxide, ii) a heterogeneous binding site model for humic acids and iii) ion exchange as described with Rothmund-Kornfeld equation We did a series of simulations for Zn, Cd and Pb. Species distribution for the aqueous phase and the solid surfaces where determined by increasing NaCl solutions for a given total heavy metal concentration. In nearly all simulations conducted, the difference between simulations allowing chloride complexes to form and simulations where complexation is disabled, showed the emergence of a characteristic concentration range of NaCl for which the effect of chloride complexation reaches a maximum. In general, the range of highest sensitivity concerning mobilization occurs within the range of 1-3M NaCl for all simulations. At the lower end of this range shows the highest sensitivity to NaCl changes and is determined by several factors including the affinity to bonding sites and the speciation of an element along the salinity gradient. The peak of this curve is controlled by the point along the salinity gradient where the majority of heavy metal has been mobilized from the surface phase. One important outcome of this study is, that increasing NaCl background concentration behaves in a nonlinear way that is determined by the heterogeneity of the surface binding sites and that there is no simple way of assessing the mobilization potential of chloride complexation in soils and sediments. Y1 - 2019 UR - https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2019/EGU2019-17360.pdf CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Khosh Bin Ghomash, Shahin A1 - Caviedes-Voullième, Daniel A1 - Hinz, Christoph T1 - Effects of erosion-induced changes to topography on runoff dynamics T2 - Journal of Hydrology N2 - Runoff generation from rainfall events is a complex, spatial and temporally dependent process strongly governed, among other factors, by catchment surface topography. Although it is widely known that many catchments experience morphological evolution, it is often ignored in analysis for different reasons ranging from simplification to lack of data. However, young catchments and early landscapes (such as those which are affected by natural or anthropogenic disturbances) do exhibit topography changes which in turn affect catchment hydrodynamics, hydrology and in particular runoff. In this work, we study the runoff generation and hydrodynamics of the Hühnerwasser artificial catchment (Brandenburg, Germany) during a period of erosion-based topographical changes (2006–2010). Nine Digital Elevation Models from such period were used as topography over which physically-based simulations were performed. The results suggest that topographic evolution in this catchment mostly affects the onset of runoff, whereas peak discharges and receding hydrograph limbs are less affected. These differences in hydrological signatures can be explained through the changes in the spatial distribution of runoff hydrodynamics and their impact on surface runoff connectivity. Relatively small topographical differences produce changing ponding conditions and modify flowpaths which becomes evident only through inspection of the spatial distribution of hydrodynamic variables. Moreover, the study shows that in order for simulations to be able to capture such responses, appropriate computational mesh and topographical data resolution are critical, since connectivity itself can be greatly affected by low resolution data or representation. KW - Rainfall/runoff simulation KW - Runoff generation KW - Topographic evolution KW - Catchment morphodynamics KW - Surface runoff connectivity Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.04.018 SN - 0022-1694 VL - 573 SP - 811 EP - 828 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Nones, Michael A1 - Varrani, Arianna A1 - Franzoia, Mariateresa A1 - Di Silvio, Giampaolo T1 - Assessing quasi-equilibrium fining and concavity of present rivers: A modelling approach T2 - Catena N2 - The aim of the paper is presenting a very simple but reliable tool to reproduce the evolution of alluvial rivers worldwide, typically characterized by longitudinal profile concavity and downstream bottom fining. A zerodimensional, two-reach, two-grainsize hydro-morphological model has been developed to simulate the long-term evolution of alluvial watercourses up to the present state, starting from the basin orogeny. Firstly, the model is described and tested against six hypothetic cases to show the quasi-stationary behaviour of profile concavity and bottom fining. Then it is applied to four real watercourses having diverse size, hydrological and morphoclimatic characteristics: the Adige, Ob, Parana and Zambezi rivers. These are characterized by a different “age”, indicated by the estimated time elapsed from the last significant tectonic episode in their basin, ranging from 10 to 300 million years for the four cases. For all the simulated rivers it has been confirmed a satisfactory replication by the model of the measured slopes and concavity of the longitudinal profile in the present conditions. Unfortunately, only a limited comparison of the computed sediment fining in the downstream direction was possible, as very few information on spatially-distributed measured grainsize composition along the studied river systems is available. KW - Alluvial large rivers KW - Bottom fining KW - Long-term evolution KW - Profile concavity KW - Zero-dimensional model Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2019.104073 SN - 0341-8162 VL - 181 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Varrani, Arianna A1 - Nones, Michael A1 - Gupana, Remika T1 - Long-term modelling of fluvial systems at the watershed scale: Examples from three case studies T2 - Journal of Hydrology N2 - To date, many numerical approaches are available in studying water flow and sediment dynamics along rivers from the reach to the watershed scale, based on various simplifications. The aim of the present research is to demonstrate how the so-called “morphodynamic quasi-equilibrium hypothesis” is effective in modelling riverine landscape morphodynamics evolution at the watershed scale, focussing on the long-term changes of longitudinal profile and bed grainsize composition of large alluvial rivers. A lumped 0-D, two-reach, two-grainsize model based on the Local Uniform Flow hypothesis and originally developed for reproducing fluvial changes at the historical time-scale, has been applied to three large watercourses to reproduce their long-term evolution, performing a sensitivity analysis based on the present conditions. Three morphometric parameters were analysed, aiming to describe the evolution of the longitudinal profile (concavity and aggrading) and the grainsize composition of the river bed (fining). Though the 0-D approach does not allow for a spatial distribution of the input parameters, namely the liquid and solid discharge, the modelling outcomes show reasonably good qualitative trends. At the scale of analysis (centuries to millennia) and for the chosen large sedimentary systems (thousands of kilometres long), which show high inertia to geomorphological changes likely owing to their longitudinal scale, the model can be helpful in detecting where the present conditions reflect a big disturbance to the “natural” trend. This initial detection method can provide additional insights in evaluating the capability of actual rivers to respond to the present external forcing, eventually reaching a quasi-stable configuration. KW - 0-D model KW - Riverbed aggrading KW - Riverbed fining KW - Congo River KW - Large rivers KW - Mississippi River KW - Morphodynamic equilibrium KW - Orinoco River KW - River concavity Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.05.012 SN - 0022-1694 VL - 574 SP - 1042 EP - 1052 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Magbalot-Fernandez, Alminda A1 - He, Qianwen A1 - Molkenthin, Frank T1 - Effect of Climate Change in the Stream Flow, Crop Yields and NP Levels at White Oak Bayou Watershed Using SWAT simulation: A Case Study T2 - Asian Journal of Geographical Research N2 - Projected changes in temperature due to global climate change may have serious impacts on hydrologic processes, water resources availability, irrigation water demand, and thereby affecting the agricultural production and productivity. Therefore, understanding the impacts of climate change on crop production and water resources is of utmost importance for developing possible adaptation strategies. The White Oak Bayou, one of the several waterways that give Houston, Texas, United States its popular nickname "The Bayou City" was selected in this case study. SWAT model is process based and can simulate the hydrological cycle, crop yield, soil erosion and nutrient transport. It is operated with an interface in ArcView GIS using raster or vector datasets including the digital elevation model (DEM), soil properties, vegetation, LULC, and meteorological observations observed which were derived from the Consortium for Geospatial Information, National Cooperative Soil Survey, National Land Cover Database 2006, NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis and USGS website in 2005-2008. The climate change scenario was based on the projected increase in temperature by the IPCC by 2100. This case study showed a decrease in streamflow from observed actual scenario (2005-2008) to projected increase of 4°C temperature in future climate change scenario by 2100. The evapotranspiration increased but there was a decrease in surface runoff and percolation. Moreover, there were greater average plant biomass and more average plant yields. Hence, the nitrogen and phosphorus uptake and removed in yield increased. Thus, the total nitrogen decreased while the total phosphorus is zero indicating loss of the Phosphorus content in the soil. Yet, this case study needs to be validated and calibrated with actual data to support the projected outcome. KW - SWAT KW - climate change KW - watershed KW - crop yield KW - nitrogen KW - phosphorus KW - streamflow Y1 - 2019 UR - http://journalajgr.com/index.php/AJGR/article/view/30083 VL - 2 IS - 2 SP - 1 EP - 9 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Lacasta, Asier A1 - Caviedes-Voullième, Daniel A1 - García-Navarro, Pilar ED - Minisci, Edmondo ED - Vasile, Massimiliano ED - Periaux, Jacques ED - Gauger, Nicolas R. ED - Giannakoglou, Kyriakos C. ED - Quagliarella, Domenico T1 - Application of the Adjoint Method for the Reconstruction of the Boundary Condition in Unsteady Shallow Water Flow Simulation. T2 - Advances in Evolutionary and Deterministic Methods for Design, Optimization and Control in Engineering and Sciences. Computational Methods in Applied Sciences. Part of the Computational Methods in Applied Sciences book series (COMPUTMETHODS, volume 48) N2 - Hydraulic phenomena in open-channel flows are usually described by means of the shallow water equations. This hyperbolic non-linear system can be used for predictive purposes provided that initial and boundary conditions are supplied and the roughness coefficient is calibrated. When calibration is required to fully pose the problem, several strategies can be adopted. In the present work, an inverse technique, useful for any of such purposes, based on the adjoint system and gradient descent is presented. It is used to find the optimal time evolution of the inlet boundary condition required to meet the 20 measured water depth data in an experimental test case of unsteady flow on a beach. The partial differential systems are solved using an upwind finite volume scheme. Several subsets of probes were selected and the quality of the reconstructed boundary tested against the experimental results. The results show that the adjoint technique is useful and robust for these problems, and exhibits some sensitivity to the choice of probes, which can be used to properly select probes in real applications. Y1 - 2019 UR - https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-89988-6_10 SN - 978-3-319-89986-2 SN - 978-3-319-89988-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89988-6 SP - 157 EP - 172 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Cham ER - TY - THES A1 - Filetti, Mirko T1 - Open Source basierte Virtuelle Forschungsumgebungen für Projekte in der ökologischen Langzeitforschung“ – Das ‚Rapid L-TER VRE‘ Baukastenkonzept zur schnellen und nachhaltigen Realisierung N2 - Virtuelle Forschungsumgebungen (VRE), sind Plattformen auf Basis von Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien (engl. ICT) mit ganzheitlichem Ansatz, die das wissenschaftliche Arbeiten im Team und insbesondere dessen Kommunikation und Organisation unterstützen sollen. Sie haben zum Ziel, schneller und besser zu nachvollziehbaren Ergebnissen zu gelangen, als bisher. Projekte in der ökologischen Langzeitforschung (engl. long-term ecological research, im Folgenden als L-TER bezeichnet) sind durch den Langzeitaspekt und Raumbezug in der Regel umfangreiche Projekte mit mittleren und großen Datenmengen (Medium Data und Big Data) sowie interdisziplinären, örtlich verteilten Forschungsgruppen. Sie sind daher prädestiniert für den Einsatz von VREs. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die spezifischen Aspekte und Anforderungen an virtuelle Forschungsumgebungen von L-TER Projekten im Kontext der Umweltinformatik. Dazu wird der Begriff „L-TER VRE“ eingeführt. Grundlage hierfür ist der Stand des Wissens zu allgemeinen VREs, Datenmanagement und ICT, die interdisziplinär in Verbindung gebracht werden mit den Zielen, Methoden und Daten der L-TER (z.B. Analyse von Zeitreihen). Es zeigt sich, dass sich die Anforderungen an L-TER VREs – aufgrund ihres Einsatzbereiches für langfristige L-TER Projekte – in der Nachhaltigkeit durch ihre Persistenz (Daten, Infrastruktur), Flexibilität (projektspezifische Rahmenbedingungen), der eingesetzten ICT und vom Faktor „Mensch“ mit seinem gesellschaftlichen Umfeld von VREs für andere Aufgaben unterscheiden. Aus den Erkenntnissen wird ein innovatives Baukastenkonzept mit dem Namen „Rapid L-TER VRE“ zur Planung, dem Aufbau und Betrieb von L-TER VREs vorgestellt. Es basiert auf Open-Source-Software und kann durch die gemeinsame Basis der Bausteine auch für allgemeine VREs Verwendung finden. Da VREs oder ähnliche ICT-Infrastrukturen im Rahmen von „e-Science“ als Rückgrat für die Organisation der Projekte prädestiniert sind, ist der Aufbau solcher Infrastrukturen oft schon zur Voraussetzung bei der Antragstellung von Projekten geworden. Ein Prototyp sollte daher bereits vor oder bei der Antragstellung existieren. Spätestens zum Projektbeginn muss eine Produktivumgebung zur Verfügung stehen. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist das Konzept „Rapid L-TER VRE“ speziell für eine schnelle (engl. rapid) Entwicklung von VRE Prototypen mit einer kurzen Übergangsphase in den Produktivbetrieb ausgelegt. Das Baukastenkonzept wird auf verschiedene existierende Projekte im Umfeld des Fachgebietes „Environmental Informatics“ und der Fakultät „Umwelt und Naturwissenschaften“ der BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg konzeptionell, sowie in der Form von Prototypen angewendet und dessen Anwendbarkeit allgemein bewertet. Aus den Erkenntnissen werden allgemeine Schlussfolgerungen in Bezug auf den Einsatz von Technologien und die Nachhaltigkeit für den erfolgreichen Betrieb von L-TER VREs gezogen – dabei steht der Mensch als „maßgeblicher“ Faktor im Mittelpunkt. N2 - Virtual research environments (VREs) are information and communication technology (ICT) platforms that apply a holistic approach in supporting scientific communities. In particular communication and organization among members of a research group is necessary. With VREs scientific results can be obtained faster, more efficiently and shared with the community on the platform in an immediate, comprehensible and easily accessible form. At the moment, there is no VRE software framework existing, that would be immediately applicable - "out-of-the-box" and suitable for any field of research - "one size fit them all". Large scale and long-term research projects are often interdisciplinary, generate large data sets and may involve the collaboration of spatial distributed research groups. In this thesis project specific aspects and their associated requirements for VREs are examined on the basis of exemplary long-term ecological research (L-TER) projects. The premise for this objective is a profound comprehension of the general functioning of VREs, data management and ICT, which are merged from an interdisciplinary point of view with the objectives, methods and data management of long-term ecological research (e.g. time series analysis). It could be shown that in the field of sustainability the requirements of L-TER VREs differ from general VREs in terms of persistence (data, infrastructure), flexibility (project specific), ICT, and "humans" with their social interaction. Based on these findings, an innovative model kit called "Rapid L-TER VRE" was developed, which is comprised of several compatible modules. By combining them, an efficient framework for planning, setup and operation of L-TER VREs can be presented. "Rapid L-TER VRE" utilizes open-source software and can be applied in any VREs, thanks to the shared conceptual basis of the modules. In the context of “e-science” VREs or similar ICT-platforms are predestined to become the backbone of complex research projects and as a result of this, are often viewed as a prerequisite for novel research proposals. A prototype should therefore be available before or during an application process, but latest at the beginning of a research project. "Rapid L-TER VRE" was specifically designed for the rapid development of VRE prototypes having a short transition phase to an efficient infrastructural research tool in a productive environment. The model kit was applied conceptually, as well as in the form of a prototype to various existing projects from the chair of environmental informatics and the faculty of environment and natural science of the BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg.By assessing the VRE’s practicality, general conclusions on the successful operations of VREs relating to applied technologies and susatainability could be drawn. Humans with their communities must are the „evaluating“ and leading factor in the centre. KW - Umweltinformatik KW - Virtuelle Forschungsumgebung KW - Ökologische Langzeitforschung KW - E-Science KW - Environmental informatics KW - Long-term ecological research KW - Open-Source KW - Virtual research environment Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-48405 UR - https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-btu/files/4840/filetti_mirko.pdf CY - Cottbus ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hua, Pei A1 - Yang, Wenyu A1 - Qi, Xiaochen A1 - Jiang, Shanshan A1 - Xie, Jiaqiang A1 - Guf, Xianyong A1 - Li, Honghao A1 - Zhang, Jin A1 - Krebs, Peter T1 - Evaluating the effect of urban flooding reduction strategies in response to design rainfall and low impact development T2 - Journal of Cleaner Production N2 - Rapid urbanisation and climate change-induced watershed hydrologic alteration have increased urban flooding risks. As a strategy for urban flood control, low impact development (LID) practices focus on promoting the infiltration and detention of stormwater runoff. A modelling-based study was conducted to analyse LID performance in urban flooding reduction. Two-dimensional simulations were conducted to visualise the flood risk under different precipitation scenarios and LID schemes. An integrated evaluation system based on life-cycle cost analysis, the analytic hierarchy process, and regret decision theory were applied to assess the LID performance in multiple aspects. The results indicated that the LID practices achieved runoff control and flood mitigation to some extent, especially under mild rainfall events. According to the integrated evaluation, urban flooding risk could be sufficiently reduced with the LID combination of bioretention, infiltration trenches, and rain barrels in the given area. Y1 - 2020 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652619333852#! U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118515 SN - 0959-6526 VL - Volume 242 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Pohle, Ina A1 - Gädeke, Anne A1 - Schümberg, Sabine A1 - Hinz, Christoph A1 - Koch, Hagen T1 - Management Influences on Stream-Flow Variability in the Past and Under Potential Climate Change in a Central European Mining Region T2 - Water Resource Management N2 - Robust assessments of stream-flow volume and variability under current and potential future conditions are essential for sustainable water resources planning and management. Nonlinear and overlapping responses to climate, land use, and water resources management (WRM) make it difficult to link observed stream-flow variability to individual drivers and to project potential future changes in stream-flow volume and variability. Here, we investigate WRM influences on stream-flow variability for two rivers with similar natural catchment characteristics, the Schwarze Elster and the Spree. The Schwarze Elster is characterized by less intensive WRM compared to the Spree. Management influences on stream-flow variability in the past were analysed by comparing observed managed stream-flow with simulated natural flow (model SWIM). Simulation results of natural flow and managed stream-flow (model WBalMo) forced by different climate scenarios were investigated to assess management influences on potential future stream-flow. The Schwarze Elster shows little management influences on stream-flow both in the past and under future scenarios. WRM related to lignite mining activities rather than natural processes dominated seasonal and annual stream-flow variability of the Spree in the past, while reservoir management mainly impacted short-term variability. Long-term and short-term stream-flow variability of the Spree are expected to be further reduced in future by reservoir management and water transfers to ensure minimum flow requirements. Strong impacts ofWRM in reducing stream-flow variability in future scenarios underline the role of reservoir management as an effective and flexible adaptation option to uncertain climate change impacts on hydrology. KW - Water resources management KW - Reservoir management KW - Mining KW - Hydrological modelling KW - SWIM KW - WBalMo Y1 - 2019 UR - https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11269-019-02432-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-019-02432-3 SN - 1573-1650 SN - 0920-4741 VL - 33 IS - 15 SP - 5191 EP - 5206 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Khosh Bin Ghomash, Shahin A1 - Caviedes-Voullième, Daniel A1 - Hinz, Christoph T1 - Effects of topography and infiltration heterogeneity on surface runoff and connectivity in the Hühnerwasser catchment. T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria, 7–12 April 2019 Y1 - 2019 UR - https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2019/EGU2019-14326.pdf CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Özgen-Xian, Ilhan A1 - Molins, Sergi A1 - Kesserwani, Georges A1 - Caviedes-Voullieme, Daniel A1 - Steefel, Carl I. T1 - Meshing workflows for multiscale hydrological simulations: Wavelet-based approach improves model accuracy. T2 - AGU 100 : Fall Meeting 2019, San Francisco, CA, 9-13 December2019 N2 - The high computational cost of large-scale, process-based hydrological simulations can be approached using variable resolution meshes, where only the region around significant topographic features is refined. However, generating quality variable resolution meshes from digital elevation data is non-trivial. In literature, usually a slope or curvature-based criterion is defined to detect regions of refinement. These techniques often involve a number of free parameters that control the finest and coarsest resolutions, and the transition between fine resolution to coarse resolution. The influence of these parameters on the resulting mesh is usually not well-understood. In order to overcome the large number of free parameters involved, we propose to carry out the Mallat decomposition of the digital elevation data using the Haar wavelet. This gives a nested multilevel representation of the elevation data, split into average coefficients and detail coefficients. Applying hard-thresholding to these detail coefficients assigns a required level of refinement to each data point. This reduces the number of free parameters to exactly one: the acceptable error threshold. In this presentation, we focus on identifying which geomorphometric parameter(s) should be used to steer mesh refinement. We compare zero-inertia model simulation runs on meshes generated by decomposing elevation and slope. We hypothesize that because of the form of the Haar wavelet, the first mesh refinement essentially is using the gradient information, while the latter is using the curvature as refinement criterion. Our results suggest that in high-elevation catchments the curvature of the topography is a far better indicator for refinement than the slope. Using the Mallat decomposition on the tensor of the first derivative of the bed elevation (i.e., bed slope) for mesh refinement yields better agreement in the hydrograph compared to the decomposition of the bed elevation. We present surface runoff results for the Lower Triangle catchment, CO, USA, to illustrate the performance of the wavelet-based local mesh refinement. Y1 - 2019 UR - https://agu.confex.com/agu/fm19/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/503978 CY - San Francisco, California ER - TY - GEN A1 - He, Qianwen A1 - Wendland, Frank A1 - Molkenthin, Frank T1 - The analysis of nitrogen load and simulation uncertainty using SWAT in a catchment with paddy field in China T2 - Water Science & Technology Journal KW - critical source areas KW - hydrological model KW - nitrogen load KW - nitrogen source apportionment KW - SWAT KW - uncertainty analysis Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.326 SN - 0273-1223 SN - 1996-9732 VL - 80 IS - 4 SP - 806 EP - 816 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Trinh, Manh Xuan A1 - Molkenthin, Frank ED - Kalinowska, Monika B. ED - Mrokowska, Magdalena M. ED - Rowiński, Paweł M. T1 - Numerical Modeling of Extreme Flooding for Flood Risk Assessment in the Tra Bong River Basin, Vietnam T2 - Recent Trends in Environmental Hydraulics : 38th International School of Hydraulics N2 - Flooding and inundation are of the most concerns in Vietnam. Many extreme floods have been occurring in Vietnam frequently, especially during the period of 1999–2009. Considering the impacts of flooding plays an important role in mitigating and adapting to flood risks. In this study, a rainfall-runoff model, two hydrodynamic models, and a coupling model were successfully applied as effective tools to simulate flooding and inundation in the Tra Bong River Basin, which is located in central Vietnam and considered as an ungauged basin. These models simulated the high flows accurately by depicting all of the peak flow discharges in accordance with observed high flows. The low flows were also simulated fairly well. In general, there is a good fit between the observed and simulated hydrographs for both calibration and validation. According to the model performance, 80% of the floodplain area would be flooded during the future extreme flood event. Eventually, the model results indicate that the integration of these models is significantly suitable for the flood risk assessment in the basin. KW - Extreme flooding Hydrodynamic models Model calibration and validation Tra Bong River Basin Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-030-37105-0 SN - 978-3-030-37104-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37105-0_26 SN - 2190-5193 SN - 2190-5207 SP - 299 EP - 308 PB - Springer Nature CY - Switzerland ER - TY - GEN A1 - Caviedes-Voullième, Daniel A1 - Fernández-Pato, Javier A1 - Hinz, Christoph T1 - Performance assessment of 2D Zero-Inertia and Shallow Water models for simulating rainfall-runoff processes T2 - Journal of Hydrology N2 - Rainfall-runoff simulations are increasingly being performed with physically-based and spatially distributed solvers. The current computational and numerical technology enables the use of full shallow water equations solvers to be applied for these type of flow problems. Nonetheless, Zero-Inertia (diffusive wave) solvers have been historically favoured due to their conceptual and mathematical simplicity in comparison to shallow water solvers, with the working assumption that the simplifications introduced by Zero-Inertia will have some assumable impact on accuracy but will also allow for computational efficiency. Since both types of solvers have been primarily developed, benchmarked and compared to each other for fluvial and floodplain simulations, it is relevant to assess t-he relative performance for rainfall-runoff problems. In this work, both solvers are applied to a set of six well known test cases with reference solutions. The performance of the solvers is assessed in terms of global signatures such as hydrographs and flooded areas, but also in terms of spatial distributions of depth and velocity, as well as computational cost. Furthermore, the comparisons are performed across different spatial resolutions. The results show that for rainfall-runoff problems explicit, finite volumes solvers for both equations provide a similar accuracy, but the shallow water solver requires less computational time. The Zero-Inertia solver was found to be less sensitive to mesh refining than the full shallow water solver. KW - Surface runoff KW - Runoff generation KW - Pluvial flooding KW - Zero-inertia equation KW - Shallow-water equations KW - Diffusive-wave equation Y1 - 2020 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169420301232 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.124663 SN - 0022-1694 VL - 584 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Caviedes-Voullième, Daniel A1 - Hinz, Christoph T1 - From nonequilibrium initial conditions to steady dryland vegetation patterns: How trajectories matter T2 - Ecohydrology N2 - The multiscale nature of ecohydrological processes and feedbacks implies that vegetation patterns arising in water‐limited systems are directly linked to water redistribution processes occurring at much shorter timescales than vegetation growth. This in turn suggests that the initially available water in the system can play a role in determining the trajectory of the system, together with the well‐known role of the rainfall gradient. This work explores the role of initial hydrological conditions on vegetation dynamics and vegetation patterns. To do so, the HilleRisLambers–Rietkerk model was solved with different rainfall amounts and a large range of initial hydrological conditions spanning from near‐equilibrium to far‐from‐equilibrium conditions. The resulting vegetation patterns and ecohydrological signatures were quantitatively studied. The results show that not only do initial hydrological conditions play a role in the ecohydrological dynamics but also they can play a dominating one even resulting in divergent vegetation patterns that exhibit convergent mean‐field properties, including a new set of hybrid patterns. Our results highlight the relevance of assessing both global ecological and hydrological signatures and quantitatively assessing patterns to describe and understand system dynamics and in particular to determine if the systems are transient or steady. Furthermore, our analysis shows that the trajectories the system follows during its transient stages cannot be neglected to understand complex dependencies of the long‐term steady state to environmental factors and drivers. Y1 - 2020 UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/eco.2199 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.2199 SN - 1936-0584 VL - 13 IS - 3 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Caviedes-Voullième, Daniel A1 - Gerhard, Nils A1 - Sikstel, Aleksey A1 - Müller, Siegfried T1 - Multiwavelet-based mesh adaptivity with Discontinuous Galerkin schemes: Exploring 2D shallow water problems T2 - Advances in Water Resources N2 - In Gerhard et al. (2015a) a new class of adaptive Discontinuous Galerkin schemes has been introduced for shallow water equations, including the particular necessary properties, such as well-balancing and wetting-drying treatments. The adaptivity strategy is based on multiresolution analysis using multiwavelets in order to encode information across different mesh resolution levels. In this work, we follow-up on the previous proof-of-concept to thoroughly explore the performance, capabilities and weaknesses of the adaptive numerical scheme in the two-dimensional shallow water setting, under complex and realistic problems. To do so, we simulate three well-known and frequently used experimental benchmark tests in the context of flood modelling, ranging from laboratory to field scale. The real and complex topographies result in complex flow fields which pose a greater challenge to the adaptive numerical scheme and are computationally more ambitious, thus requiring a parallelised version of the aforementioned scheme. The benchmark tests allow to examine in depth the resulting adaptive meshes and the hydrodynamic performance of the scheme. We show that the scheme presented by Gerhard et al. (2015a) is accurate, i.e., allows to capture simultaneously large and very small flow structures, is robust, i.e., local grid refinement is controlled by just one parmeter that is auotmatically chosen and is more efficient in terms of the adaptive meshes than other shallow-water adaptive schemes achieving higher resolution with less cells. KW - Dynamic adaptive meshing KW - Multiresolution analysis KW - High-order schemes KW - Shallow water equation KW - Discontinuous Galerkin KW - Multiwavelets Y1 - 2020 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0309170819309121 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2020.103559 SN - 0309-1708 VL - 138 ER - TY - GEN A1 - He, Qianwen A1 - Molkenthin, Frank ED - Gourbesville, Philippe ED - Caignaert, Guy T1 - A Modeling Approach for Critical Source Areas Identification and Sources Apportionment for Nitrogen Load in Yuan River Catchment, China T2 - Advances in Hydroinformatics - SimHydro 2019 - Models for Extreme Situations and Crisis Management N2 - Excessive load of nitrogen from anthropogenic sources is a threat to a healthy aquatic ecosystem. The analysis of nitrogen load, in terms of identifying the critical source areas and apportioning the instream nitrogen to individual sources is supportive to the catchment management. The difficulty of the analysis spatially and seasonally, including the processes of transformation and transportation, has made the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), a physically-based hydrological model, a useful tool to quantify the nitrogen load at the catchment scale. This study is focused on the application of the SWAT model at the Yuan River Catchment (YRC), which has been under the threat of extensive nitrogen load in the previous years. The major nitrogen sources identified in the research are urban drainage, as the point source; fertilizer, rural feedlot and rural household, as the diffusive sources. The calibrated hydrological model indicated that the downstream plain region with paddy field and denser rural population released the highest rate of total nitrogen. Fertilizer and waste from feedlots contributes to the 85% of the nitrogen in the stream. The results show the applicability of the SWAT model at the YRC in terms of nitrogen load simulation, and indicate the necessity to tackle the nitrogen from diffusive sources and the critical areas at the YRC. Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-981-15-5435-3 SN - 978-981-15-5436-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5436-0_51 SN - 2364-6934 SN - 2364-8198 SP - 659 EP - 671 PB - Springer Nature CY - Singapore u.a. ER - TY - GEN A1 - Trinh, Manh Xuan A1 - Molkenthin, Frank ED - Gourbesville, Philippe ED - Caignaert, Guy T1 - Flood Risk Assessment in the Tra Bong River Catchment, Vietnam T2 - Advances in Hydroinformatics - SimHydro 2019 - Models for Extreme Situations and Crisis Management N2 - Extreme flood events often cause tremendous damage and enormous risks to people, infrastructure and nature worldwide and especially in Vietnam. Therefore, flooding is considered as one of the most costly kinds of natural disasters in this country. Tra Bong is an ungauged river catchment located in Quang Ngai province, Vietnam. Annually, due to the effect of typhoons that originate from the South China Sea, many extreme floods occur in the river system every year. Considering the impacts of severe flooding in the Tra Bong River Catchment plays an important role in mitigating and adapting flood risk. In this paper, the hydrological model MIKE11 NAM and some hydro-dynamic models such as the MIKE 11 HD, MIKE 21 FM, and MIKE Flood models were applied as effective tools to simulate the flooding and inundation in the downstream area of the catchment. These models simulated the high flows accurately by depicting all of the peak flow discharges in accordance with observed high flows. Two flood risk maps for the year of 2009 and the design flood events (100 year return period) were created based on the intersection of hazard and vulnerability maps which were obtained from flood maps, land-use and population density. Accordingly, more than 80% of the total flooded area is at high and very high risk. Almost 35 km2 of the flooded area were at high and very high risk in the year 2009, while, approximately 45.5 km2 would be at high and very high risk in the 100 year return period flood event. Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-981-15-5435-3 SN - 978-981-15-5436-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5436-0_45 SN - 2364-6934 SN - 2364-8198 SP - 575 EP - 592 PB - Springer Nature CY - Singapore u.a. ER - TY - GEN A1 - Özgen-Xian, Ilhan A1 - Kesserwani, Georges A1 - Caviedes-Voullième, Daniel A1 - Molins, Sergi A1 - Xu, Zexuan A1 - Dwivedi, Dipankar A1 - Moulton, J. David A1 - Steefel, Carl I. T1 - Wavelet-based local mesh refinement for rainfall–runoff simulations T2 - Journal of Hydroinformatics N2 - A wavelet-based local mesh refinement (wLMR) strategy is designed to generate multiresolution and unstructured triangular meshes from real digital elevation model (DEM) data for efficient hydrological simulations at the catchment scale. The wLMR strategy is studied considering slope- and curvature-based refinement criteria to analyze DEM inputs: the slope-based criterion uses bed elevation data as input to the wLMR strategy, whereas the curvature-based criterion feeds the bed slope data into it. The performance of the wLMR meshes generated by these two criteria is compared for hydrological simulations; first, using three analytical tests with the systematic variation in topography types and then by reproducing laboratory- and real-scale case studies. The bed elevation on the wLMR meshes and their simulation results are compared relative to those achieved on the finest uniform mesh. Analytical tests show that the slope- and curvature-based criteria are equally effective with the wLMR strategy, and that it is easier to decide which criterion to take in relation to the (regular) shape of the topography. For the realistic case studies: (i) slope analysis provides a better metric to assess the correlation of a wLMR mesh to the fine uniform mesh and (ii) both criteria predict outlet hydrographs with a close predictive accuracy to that on the uniform mesh, but the curvature-based criterion is found to slightly better capture the channeling patterns of real DEM data. KW - diffusion-wave hydrological modeling KW - multiresolution triangular mesh generation KW - overland flow at catchment scale KW - slope- vs. curvature-based topographic inputs KW - wavelet-based local mesh refinement Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2020.198 SN - 1464-7141 SN - 1465-1734 VL - 22 IS - 5 SP - 1059 EP - 1077 ER - TY - THES A1 - He, Qianwen T1 - Evaluating the effect of multi-objective calibration on the modeling of catchment-scale hydrology and nitrogen load Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-52330 PB - Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus-Senftenberg CY - Cottbus ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schütt, Claudia A1 - Caviedes-Voullième, Daniel A1 - Hinz, Christoph T1 - Exploring the effects of rainfall variability on banded vegetation T2 - EGU General Assembly 2020, Online, 4–8 May 2020 Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-13238 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Caviedes-Voullième, Daniel A1 - Gerhard, Nils A1 - Sikstel, Aleksey A1 - Müller, Siegfried T1 - Adaptive 2D shallow water simulation based on a MultiWavelet Discontinous Galerkin approach T2 - EGU General Assembly 2020, Online, 4–8 May 2020 Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-14464 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Nones, Michael A1 - Caviedes-Voullième, Daniel T1 - Computational advances and innovations in flood risk mapping T2 - Journal of Flood Risk Management Y1 - 2020 UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jfr3.12666 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/jfr3.12666 SN - 1753-318X VL - 13 IS - 4 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Morales-Hernandez, Mario A1 - Özgen-Xian, Ilhan A1 - Caviedes-Voullième, Daniel T1 - Effects of microtopography across spatial scales: studying hydrological response through high-resolution shallow-water modelling T2 - EGU General Assembly 2020, Online, 4–8 May 2020 Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-10655 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Rojas, Pedro A1 - Caviedes-Voullième, Daniel A1 - Hinz, Christoph T1 - Semi-automatic image analysis of spatiotemporal vegetation evolution in the Hühnerwasser catchment T2 - EGU General Assembly 2020, Online, 4–8 May 2020 Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-13522 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ahmadinia, Ebrahim A1 - Caviedes-Voullième, Daniel A1 - Hinz, Christoph T1 - Coupled effects of microtopography and time-dependant infiltration capacity on rainfall-runoff-infiltration partitioning on a hillslope T2 - EGU General Assembly 2020, Online, 4-8 May 2020 Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-18200 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Frimpong, Bernard Fosu A1 - Molkenthin, Frank T1 - Tracking Urban Expansion Using Random Forests for theClassification of Landsat Imagery (1986–2015) and PredictingUrban/Built-Up Areas for 2025: A Study of the KumasiMetropolis, Ghana T2 - Land N2 - Kumasi is a nodal city and functions as the administrative and economic capital of the Ashanti region in Ghana. Rapid urbanization has been experienced inducing the transformation of various Land Use Land Cover (LULC) types into urban/built-up areas in Kumasi. This paper aims at tracking spatio-temporal LULC changes utilizing Landsat imagery from 1986, 2013 and 2015 of Kumasi. The unique contribution of this research is its focus on urban expansion analysis and the utilization of Random Forest (RF) Classifier for satellite image classification. Change detection, urban land modelling and urban expansion in the sub-metropolitan zones, buffers, density decay curve and correlation analysis were methodologies adopted for our study. The classifier yielded better accuracy compared to earlier works in Ghana. The evaluation of LULC changes indicated that urban/built-up areas are continually increasing at the expense of agricultural and forestlands. The urban/built-up areas occupied 4622.49 hectares (ha) (23.78%), 13,447.50 ha (69.18%) and 14,004.60 ha (72.05%) in 1986, 2013 and 2015, respectively of the 19,438 ha area of Kumasi. Projection indicated that urban/built-up areas will occupy 15,490 ha (79.70%) in 2025. The urban expansion was statistically significant. The results revealed the importance of spatial modeling for environmental management and city planning. KW - urban/built-up areas KW - land use land cover KW - Kumasi KW - random forest classifier KW - urban expansion analysis Y1 - 2021 UR - https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/10/1/44 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/land10010044 SN - 2073-445X VL - 10 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 21 ER - TY - GEN A1 - He, Qianwen A1 - Molkenthin, Frank T1 - Improving the integrated hydrological simulation on a data-scarce catchment with multi-objective calibration T2 - Journal of Hydroinformatics N2 - The process-based hydrological model Soil and Water Assessment Tool ensures the simulation's reliability by calibration. Compared to the commonly applied single-objective calibration, multi-objective calibration benefits the spatial parameterization and the simulation of specific processes. However, the requirements of additional observations and the practical procedure are among the reasons to prevent the wider application of the multi-objective calibration. This study proposes to consider three groups of objectives for the calibration: multisite, multi-objective function, and multi-metric. For the study catchment with limited observations like the Yuan River Catchment (YRC) in China, the three groups corresponded to discharge from three hydrometric stations, both Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) and inversed NSE for discharge evaluation, and MODIS global terrestrial evapotranspiration product and baseflow filtered from discharge as metrics, respectively. The applicability of two multi-objective calibration approaches, the Euclidean distance and nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II, was analyzed to calibrate the above-mentioned objectives for the YRC. Results show that multi-objective calibration has simultaneously ensured the model's better performance in terms of the spatial parameterization, the magnitude of the output time series, and the water balance components, and it also reduces the parameter and prediction uncertainty. The study thus leads to a generalized, recommended procedure for catchments with data scarcity to perform the multi-objective calibration. KW - multi-objective calibration KW - NSGA-II KW - parameter uncertainty KW - SWAT Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2021.132 SN - 1464-7141 VL - 23 IS - 2 SP - 267 EP - 283 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Trinh, Manh Xuan A1 - Molkenthin, Frank T1 - Flood hazard mapping for data-scarce and ungauged coastal river basins using advanced hydrodynamic models, high temporal-spatial resolution remote sensing precipitation data, and satellite imageries T2 - Natural Hazards N2 - This paper presents an integrated approach to simulate flooding and inundation for small- and medium-sized coastal river basins where measured data are not available or scarce. By coupling the rainfall–runoff model, the one-dimensional and two-dimensional models, and the integration of these with global tide model, satellite precipitation products, and synthetic aperture radar imageries, a comprehensive flood modeling system for Tra Bong river basin selected as a case study was set up and operated. Particularly, in this study, the lumped conceptual model was transformed into the semi-distributed model to increase the parameter sets of donor basins for applying the physical similarity approach. The temporal downscaling technique was applied to disaggregate daily rainfall data using satellite-based precipitation products. To select an appropriate satellite-derived rainfall product, two high temporal-spatial resolution products (0.1 × 0.1 degrees and 1 h) including GSMaP_GNRT6 and CMORPH_CRT were examined at 1-day and 1-h resolutions by comparing with ground-measured rainfall. The CMORPH_CRT product showed better performance in terms of statistical errors such as Correlation Coefficient, Probability of Detection, False Alarm Ratio, and Critical Success Index. Land cover/land use, flood extent, and flood depths derived from Sentinel-1A imageries and a digital elevation model were employed to determine the surface roughness and validate the flood modeling. The results obtained from the modeling system were found to be in good agreement with collected data in terms of NSE (0.3–0.8), RMSE (0.19–0.94), RPE (− 213 to 0.7%), F1 (0.55), and F2 (0.37). Subsequently, various scenarios of flood frequency with 10-, 20-, 50-, and 100-year return periods under the probability analysis of extreme values were developed to create the flood hazard maps for the study area. The flood hazards were then investigated based on the flood intensity classification of depth, duration, and velocity. These hazard maps are significantly important for flood hazard assessments or flood risk assessments. This study demonstrated that applying advanced hydrodynamic models on computing flood inundation and flood hazard analysis in data-scarce and ungauged coastal river basins is completely feasible. This study provides an approach that can be used also for other ungauged river basins to better understand flooding and inundation through flood hazard mapping. Y1 - 2021 UR - https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11069-021-04843-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-021-04843-1 SN - 0921-030X SN - 1573-0840 VL - 109 IS - 1 SP - 441 EP - 469 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hinz, Christoph A1 - Mengsuwan, Konlavach A1 - Caviedes-Voullieme, Daniel T1 - Spatial analytics of self-organized vegetation pattern in semi-arid regions: an example on tiger-bush patterns in Sudan T2 - EGU General Assembly 2021 Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-10102 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Caviedes-Voullième, Daniel A1 - Özgen-Xian, Ilhan A1 - Hinz, Christoph T1 - Surface runoff connectivity across scales: revisiting three simulation studies T2 - EGU General Assembly 2021 Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-5004 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ebner von Eschenbach, Anna A1 - Helms, Martin A1 - Kleinhans, Alexander A1 - Laaha, Gregor A1 - Schümberg, Sabine A1 - Walther, Jörg A1 - Willems, Winfried T1 - DWA-AG HW-3.1: „Niedrigwasser“ – unser Weg zum neuen Merkblatt DWA-M 541 „Statistische Analyse von Niedrigwasserkenngrößen“ T1 - DWA working group HW-3.1: ‘Low-water flow’ – our journey to developing the new advisory leaflet DWA-M 541 ‘Statistical Analysis of Low-Water Flow Parameters’ T2 - KW Korrespondenz Wasserwirtschaft N2 - Nach mehrjähriger Arbeit der DWA-Arbeitsgruppe HW-3.1 „Niedrigwasser“ hat die DWA im Oktober 2020 den Gelbdruck für das Merkblatt DWA-M 541 „Statistische Analyse von Niedrigwasserkenngrößen“ veröffentlicht. Mehr als 100 Anmerkungen gingen zum Gelbdruck ein, die die Arbeitsgruppe akribisch geprüft hat. Der Weißdruck des Merkblattes steht nun kurz bevor. Der Beitrag stellt die inhaltlichen Kernpunkte des Merkblattes vor, schildert die Entstehung des Merkblattes und bietet einen Ausblick auf die kommenden Aufgaben der Arbeitsgruppe. N2 - The DWA published a preliminary version of advisory leaflet DWA-M 541 ‘Statistical Analysis of Low-Water Flow Parameters’ in October 2020 after several years of work by the DWA working group HW 3.1 ‘Low-Water Flow’. More than 100 comments were incorporated into the draft, which was reviewed meticulously by the working group. A final version of the advisory leaflet is now imminent. This article looks at the substantive core elements of the advisory leaflet, describes the process of its creation and provides a look ahead to the work group’s forthcoming tasks. KW - Niedrigwasser KW - Statistische Analyse KW - DWA-M 541 KW - low-water flow KW - statistical analysis Y1 - 2021 SN - 1865-9926 VL - 14 IS - 10 SP - 625 EP - 630 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Caviedes-Voullième, Daniel A1 - Ahmadinia, Ebrahim A1 - Hinz, Christoph T1 - Interactions of Microtopography, Slope and Infiltration Cause Complex Rainfall-Runoff Behavior at the Hillslope Scale for Single Rainfall Events T2 - Water Resources Research N2 - Microtopography (MT) can govern runoff dynamics as a net result of local heterogeneities in the flow paths and ponding. This in turn controls the development of the surface water layer that connects and flows downslope. It is therefore important to understand which microtopographic features affect runoff generation dynamics and its macroscopic—hillslope scale—hydrological signatures (e.g., hydrographs, runoff and infiltration volumes). In this study, we numerically solve 2D overland flow from a single rain pulse on 1,460 idealized hillslopes with different slopes and sinusoidal microtopographies and different infiltration capacities. We assess hydrodynamic distributions, hydrographs and hydrological indices to assess the effects of MT and infiltration on the (local) hydrodynamic and (larger scale) hydrologic responses in terms of surface runoff regimes. The results show that MT enhances infiltration and that infiltration and runoff depend in a strong non-linear way on slope and the properties of MT. Three regimes of influence of MT were identified: one in which MT plays a negligible role but there is a high sensitivity to the infiltration capacity curve, a second regime in which hydrological partitioning is highly sensitive to MT and the infiltration capacity curve, and a third regime in which MT increases infiltration, but the response is insensitive to particular features, and more affected by the average slopes. The regimes are the product of the interplay between small (MT) and large scale (slope) properties. Furthermore, the results suggest that hydrological signatures can be interpreted and explained by the spatiotemporal variation of surface connectivity. KW - microtopography KW - surface roughness KW - runoff-infiltration partitioning KW - runoff generation Y1 - 2021 UR - https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2020WR028127 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2020WR028127 SN - 1944-7973 VL - 57 IS - 7 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Latrubesse, Edgardo A1 - Park, Edward A1 - Kästner, Karl T1 - The Ayeyarwady River (Myanmar): Washload transport and its global role among rivers in the Anthropocene T2 - PLOS One N2 - The Ayeyarwady (Irrawaddy) is the second largest river of Southeast Asia and one of the rivers with the highest load of suspended sediment delivered to the sea in the world. The Ayeyarwady is the lifeline of Myanmar which concentrates the majority of the population and GDP of the country. It is the main way of transport, a source of fluvial aggregates for development projects, hydropower, and the basin plays a major role in food supply and irrigation. Despite the Ayeyarwady ranking amongst the world’s largest rivers and its vital importance to Myanmar, scarce research has been undertaken to understand its morphodynamics and sediment transport regime. Current load estimates still heavily rely on the only systematic study of sediment transport dating back to the 19th century. Here, we provide a novel estimate for the recent washload sediment transport based on a field calibrated remote sensing model of surface suspended sediments concentrations. We show that the Ayeyarwady has likely become the river with the second or third largest delivery of washload to the sea in the world since it has so far been much less affected by damming compared to the vast majority of other rivers. KW - River KW - Sediment Transport KW - Washload Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251156 VL - 2021 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Shah, Jignesh A1 - Hari, Vittal A1 - Rakovec, Oldrich A1 - Markonis, Yannis A1 - Samaniego, Luis A1 - Mishra, Vimal A1 - Hanel, Martin A1 - Hinz, Christoph A1 - Kumar, Rohini T1 - Increasing footprint of climate warming on flash droughts occurrence in Europe T2 - Environmental Research Letters N2 - Flash droughts are caused by a rapid depletion of soil moisture, and they severely affect vegetation growth and agricultural production. Notwithstanding the growing importance of flash droughts under the warming climate, drivers of flash droughts across the Europe are not well understood. Here we estimate the changes in flash droughts characteristics across Europe using the ERA5 reanalysis dataset for 1950–2019 period. We find a substantial increase in the frequency and spatial extent of flash droughts across Europe (with 79% of the total area) during the growing season with at-least one fourth of domain showing two-fold increase in the recent decades. Increased occurrence of flash drought is largely attributed to frequent occurrence of warmer and drier compound extremes, with a sharp gradient of changes being noticed in Mediterranean and Central European regions. Compound meteorological extremes causing the flash drought events across Europe are pre-dominantly driven by the recent climate warming. With unabated greenhouse gas emissions and current pace of climate warming, Europe is likely to face an increased occurrence of flash droughts, requiring prompt response for effective drought adaptation and management strategies. KW - Europe KW - flash droughts KW - climate warming KW - ERA5 KW - soil moisture Y1 - 2022 UR - https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ac6888 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac6888 SN - 1748-9326 VL - 17 IS - 6 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Khosh Bin Ghomash, Shahin A1 - Bachmann, Daniel A1 - Caviedes-Voullième, Daniel A1 - Hinz, Christoph T1 - Impact of Rainfall Movement on Flash Flood Response: A Synthetic Study of a Semi-Arid Mountainous Catchment T2 - Water N2 - Rainfall is a spatiotemporally varied process and key to accurately capturing catchment runoff and determining flood response. Flash flood response of a catchment can be strongly governed by a rainfall’s spatiotemporal variability and is influenced by storm movement which drives a continuous spatiotemporal change throughout a rainfall event. In this work, the sensitivity of runoff and flooded areas to rainfall movement are assessed in the Kan catchment (Iran). The allochthonous nature of floods in the catchment and how they interact with the effects of rainfall movement are investigated. Fifty synthetic rain hyetographs are generated and traversed over the catchment under different velocities and directions and used to force a 1D/2D hydrodynamic model. The results suggest rainfall movement affects the runoff response in different degrees. Peak discharge, hydrograph shapes and flooded areas are affected. Storms with higher velocities result in higher peaks and faster onsets of runoff and consequently higher flooded areas in comparison to slower storms. The direction of the movement also plays a role. Storms moving along the average direction of the stream result in higher peaks and flooded areas. The relevance of storm direction is greater for slow moving storms. Additionally, the influence of rainfall movement is modulated by hyetograph structure, and the allochthonous behavior is greatly dependent on the location within the drainage network at which it is assessed. KW - storm movement KW - rainfall/runoff simulation KW - runoff generation KW - flash-flood KW - rainfall variability Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/12/1844 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/w14121844 SN - 2073-4441 VL - 14 IS - 12 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Khosh Bin Ghomash, Shahin A1 - Bachmann, Daniel A1 - Caviedes-Voullième, Daniel A1 - Hinz, Christoph T1 - Storm movement effects on the flash flood response of the Kan catchment T2 - EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23–27 May 2022 N2 - Rainfall is a complex, spatial and temporally variated process and one of the core inputs for hydrological and hydrodynamic modelling. Most rainfalls are known to be moving storms with varying directions and velocities. Storm movement is known to be an important influence on runoff generation, both affecting peak discharge and the shape of hydrographs. Therefore, exploring the extent rainfall dynamics affect runoff generation and consequently flooded areas, can be an asset in effective flood risk management. In this work, we study how storm movement (e.g. characterized by velocity and direction) can affect surface flow generation, water levels and flooded areas within a catchment. Moreover, the influence of rainfall temporal variability in correlation with storm movement is taken into account. This is achieved by means of numerical-based, spatially explicit surface flow simulations using the tool ProMaIDes (2021), a free software for risk-based evaluation of flood risk mitigation measures. The storm events are generated using a microcanonical random cascade model and further on trajected across the catchment area. The study area is the Kan river catchment located in the province of Tehran (Iran) with a total area of 836 km², which has experienced multiple flooding events in recent years. Due to its semi-arid climate, steep topography with narrow valleys, this area has high potential for flash flood occurrence as a result of high intensity precipitation. The results of this study show a range of possible magnitudes of influence of rainfall movement on the catchment´s runoff response. The resulting flood maps highlight the importance of rainfall velocity and most importantly the direction of the movement in the estimation of flood events as well as their likelihood in catchment area. Moreover, its shown that the magnitude of influence of storm velocity and direction on discharge strongly depends on the location within the river network which it is measured. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-2494 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Ebner von Eschenbach, Anna-Dorothea A1 - Helms, Martin A1 - Kleinhans, Alexander A1 - Laaha, Gregor A1 - Schümberg, Sabine A1 - Walther, Jörg A1 - Willems, Winfried A1 - Wittenberg, Hartmut T1 - Statistische Analyse von Niedrigwasserkenngrößen N2 - Niedrigwasser ist ein integraler Bestandteil des Abflussregimes, der einen zeitlich und regional begrenzten Zustand in einem oberirdischen Gewässer beschreibt, bei dem der Wasserstand oder der Abfluss einen bestimmten Schwellenwert erreicht oder unterschreitet. Die Kenntnis der Niedrigwasserverhältnisse in einem Gewässer hat damit große Bedeutung für seine zielgerichtete wasserwirtschaftliche Nutzung und ökologische Bewertung. Niedrigwasser ist in erster Linie bedingt durch Niederschlagsmangel, kann sich jedoch auch durch den Rückhalt des Niederschlags in der Schneedecke, in Gletschern oder im gefrorenen Untergrund ergeben. Zudem kann es anthropogen durch diverse Bewirtschaftungsmaßnahmen im Gewässer oder dessen Einzugsgebiet verstärkt oder abgeschwächt werden. In diesem Merkblatt werden zunächst die wichtigsten Kenngrößen für das Niedrigwasser definiert: Niedrigwasserabfluss bzw. -wasserstand, Unterschreitungsdauer, Abflussdefizit sowie aus der Dauerlinie abgeleitete Quantile. Für die Ermittlung der Unterschreitungsdauer und des Abflussdefizits sind Schwellenwerte erforderlich. Sie sollten in Abhängigkeit von der Zielstellung der Untersuchung festgelegt werden. Es werden sowohl die natürlichen und anthropogenen Einflussgrößen auf das Niedrigwasser diskutiert, als auch die genannten Kenngrößen und deren Ableitung aus der Ganglinie vorgestellt. Darauf aufbauend entwickeln sich inhaltlich die Kernthemen des Merkblatts: (1) Wahrscheinlichkeitsanalyse von Niedrigwasserabflüssen und (2) Wahrscheinlichkeitsanalyse von Unterschreitungsdauern und Abflussdefiziten. Mit Hilfe eines Verfahrensablaufs und anhand von Beispielen wird dem Leser schrittweise das methodische Vorgehen vermittelt – von der Festlegung der Kenngröße bis hin zur Ermittlung ihrer Quantile und deren Konfidenzgrenzen. Beide Verfahren setzen Stationarität der zugrundeliegenden Serien voraus, sodass im dritten Kernthema des Merkblatts (instationäre Wahrscheinlichkeitsanalyse) diskutiert wird, welche Möglichkeiten bestehen, um mit signifikanten Instationaritäten im Rahmen der Wahrscheinlichkeitsanalyse umzugehen. Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-96862-221-7 SN - 978-3-96862-222-4 PB - DWA, Deutsche Vereinigung für Wasserwirtschaft, Abwasser und Abfall e.V. CY - Hennef ET - Juli 2022 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gourbesville, Philippe A1 - Gomez Valentin, Manuel A1 - Molkenthin, Frank A1 - Hewett, Caspar A1 - Sinicyn, Grzegorz A1 - Griensven, Ann van ED - Gourbesville, Philippe ED - Caignaert, Guy T1 - HydroEurope—WaterEurope: 20 years of Practice in Collaborative Engineering for Hydroinformatics T2 - Advances in Hydroinformatics : Models for Complex and Global Water Issues—Practices and Expectations Springer Water N2 - Since 2000 and under the various Erasmus and Erasmus + frameworks of the European Commission, 6 European universities have initiated an ve innovatiintensive training program dedicated to hydroinformatics and supported by the data of the Var catchment, France. Over the two decades, the HydroEurope/WaterEurope course has welcome more than 2000 M.Sc students with the ambition to equip them with the competences and skills related to hydrological analyst, flood modeling, damage assessment and engineering design with the most advanced simulation tools. The concept of collaborative engineering associated to a project based pedagogic approach has been used to develop teamwork distributed over time—almost 3 months—and space with team members located in the different European participating institutions. The activities are built around the Var catchment that is regularly affected by Mediterranean flood events associated to major damages. The various teams have to elaborate within a holistic approach, mitigation actions. Since the origins, the program has been integrated within the master degree curriculum of each participating institution and academic recognition has been achieved through credits (ECTS). Industrial actors from the hydroinformatic field have been associated to the program since the early stage and have provided support with expert staff and simulation tools that are today offered through a modelling platform. The 20 years of development have underlined the efficiency of the pedagogic approach and have contributed to equip the new generation of water professionals with new concepts and methods for a better water management. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-19-1600-7_80 SN - 978-981-19-1600-7 SN - 978-981-19159-9-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1600-7_80 SP - 1255 EP - 1280 PB - Springer CY - Singapore ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ramirez, Carlos A1 - Sermet, Yusuf A1 - Molkenthin, Frank A1 - Demir, Ibrahim T1 - HydroLang: An open-source web-based programming framework for hydrological sciences T2 - Environmental Modelling & Software N2 - This paper introduces HydroLang, an open-source and integrated community-driven computational web framework for hydrology and water resources research and education. HydroLang employs client-side web technologies and standards to carry out various routines aimed at acquiring, managing, transforming, analyzing, and visualizing hydrological datasets. HydroLang consists of four major high-cohesion low-coupling modules: (1) retrieving, manipulating, and transforming raw hydrological data, (2) statistical operations, hydrological analysis, and model creation, (3) generating graphical and tabular data representations, and (4) mapping and geospatial data visualization. To demonstrate the framework's capabilities, portability, and interoperability, two detailed case studies (assessment of lumped models and construction of a rainfall disaggregation model) have been presented. HydroLang's unique modular architecture and open-source nature allow it to be easily tailored into any use case and web framework, and it encourages iterative enhancements with community involvement to establish the comprehensive next-generation hydrological software toolkit. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1364815222002250?via%3Dihub U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2022.105525 SN - 1364-8152 VL - 157 SP - 1 EP - 13 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Frimpong, Bernard Fosu A1 - Koranteng, Addo A1 - Molkenthin, Frank T1 - Analysis of temperature variability utilising Mann–Kendall and Sen's slope estimator tests in the Accra and Kumasi Metropolises in Ghana T2 - Environmental Systems Research N2 - Temperature variability may have direct and indirect impacts on the environments of the Accra and Kumasi Metropolises in Ghana. This study analysed temperature and trends in temperature in both cities using in-situ measurements from one meteorological station in both cities from 1986 to 2015. The temperature indices were computed using the RClimdex package from the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection Monitoring Indices (ETCCDMI). The temperature time series was pre-whitened before the Mann–Kendall trend and Sen’s slope estimator analysis were applied. Initial analysis revealed minimal variation in temperature in both cities. The results from the analysed temperature indices revealed an increase in warm days and a general rise in the minimum temperature compared to maximum temperatures. Mann Kendall and Sen’s slope revealed significant trends in the annual and seasonal (dry and wet seasons) in minimum temperature in both cities. These might lead to an increased rate of heat-stressed diseases and an overall rise in urban warming in both cities. The analysis of temperature, indices and trends provided comprehensive insights into the temperature of Accra and Kumasi. The results highlight the essence of evaluating temperature indices and trends in light of Climate Change concerns. It is recommended that urban green and blue spaces should be incorporated into land use plans as these policy directions can aid regulate the temperature in both cities. KW - Temperature KW - Urban warming KW - Climate Change Y1 - 2022 UR - https://environmentalsystemsresearch.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40068-022-00269-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40068-022-00269-1 SN - 2193-2697 VL - 11 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kästner, Karl A1 - Caviedes-Voullieme, Daniel A1 - Frechen, Tobias Nanu A1 - Hinz, Christoph T1 - Theory and empirical evidence for the irregularity of self-organized vegetation patterns T2 - EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23–27 May 2022 N2 - In arid environments, vegetation tends to self-organize into patches separated by bare soil. This is necessitated by the lack of water for sustaining a continuous vegetation cover and facilitated by the attraction of water from barren interpatch areas by the vegetation. This process is a positive feedback which introduces spatially heterogeneity into otherwise homogeneous environments, characterised by regular patterns. These patterns are typically considered to be periodic and distinguished on hand of their wavelength. Such patterns have so far been studied with numerical models which generate periodic patterns in homogeneous environments. However, environments are rarely homogeneous, as topography and soil-hydraulic properties vary in space. This raises the questions to which degree heterogeneity of vegetation is self-organized or imposed by the environment, and how environmental heterogeneity interacts with the self-organization process. In contrast to the persisting conceptual model of periodic patterns, natural vegetation exhibit a high degree of irregularity. Several studies have linked this irregularity to heterogeneity in the environment, but a comprehensive theory for analysing the irregularity has not yet been established. Furthermore remains the extend of irregularity unexplored on a global scale. To fill this gap, we, demonstrate empirically the global prevalence of irregularity in vegetation patterns and find that natural vegetation patterns are stochastic, rather than periodic. We then propose a stochastic framework to conceptually describe and measure the regularity, based on the spectral density of the patterns. In addition to the dominant wavelength, measuring the spatial scale, it reveals a novel parameter, measuring the regularity. The parameter is determined by the correlation structure and discriminates gradually between the limit cases of periodicity and white noise. Applied to natural and computer-generated patterns, we find that the former are highly irregular, while the latter are close to periodic. We reproduce the stochasticity of patterns with numerical models by introducing spatial heterogeneity of the model coefficients. We provide a fresh look at the nature of vegetations patterns and present a comprehensive theory for a more holistic understanding of self-organized systems. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-11905 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kästner, Karl A1 - Hinz, Christoph A1 - Caviedes-Voullième, Daniel A1 - Frechen, Tobias Nanu A1 - Vijsel, Roeland C. van de T1 - A metaanalysis of the regularity of environmental spatialpatterns and a theory relating them to stochastic processes T2 - EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 24–28 Apr 2023 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU23/EGU23-5817.html U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-5817 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Shlewet, Marlin A1 - Caviedes-Voullième, Daniel A1 - Kästner, Karl A1 - Hinz, Christoph T1 - Effects of urban structures on spatial and temporal flood distribution T2 - EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 24–28 Apr 2023 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU23/EGU23-9498.html U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-9498 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Shlewet, Marlin A1 - Kästner, Karl A1 - Caviedes-Voullième, Daniel A1 - Hinz, Christoph T1 - Einfluss urbaner Strukturen auf die räumliche und zeitliche Dynamik pluvialer Fluten T2 - Abstract-Band, Tag der Hydrologie 2023, Nachhaltiges Wassermanagement – Regionale und Globale Strategien, 22. & 23.03.2023, Ruhr-Universität Bochum & Hochschule Bochum Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/tdh2023/mam/content/tdh-2023-abstractband-18032023_v2.pdf ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zaplata, Markus K. A1 - Schümberg, Sabine A1 - Kidron, Giora J. A1 - Ramm, Jessica A1 - Veste, Maik T1 - Impacts of cyanobacteria-dominated biological soil crusts on seedling emergence and fate: an in situ experiment T2 - Pant and Soil : an International Journal on Plant-Soil Relationships N2 - Background and aims Biological soil crusts (BSCs) co-occur with vascular plants in many ecosystems. Nevertheless, little is known regarding the interaction among BSCs and vascular plants, and no standard methods exist aiming to evaluate BSC–plant interactions. While some reports emphasized the inhibition effect of BSCs on germination, others reported the opposite or did not find any differences between germination under crusted and non-crusted conditions. Contradictory findings were also reported regarding the BSC effects on vascular plants after germination, with some reports claiming that BSCs promote growth, while others claim the opposite. Methods By a seed addition experiment (using light and heavy seeds of three species belonging to the Fabaceae family) in an early-successional system in Germany, we tested in situ the emergence of seedlings under variable surface conditions (cyanobacterial crust, disturbed and removed crust), and quantified crust-plant interactions (survival, flowering) during and following seedling emergence. Results In comparison to an average of 8% of the light Lotus corniculatus and 20% of the light Ornithopus sativus that emerged through the cyanobacterial BSC, 76% of the heavy Glycine max emerged. Once emerged, the crust did not significantly affect the survival, growth, biomass, or flowering of G. max, whereas many of the seedlings from lightweight seeds dried up soon after emergence. The thickness of the cyanobacterial biocrust had no influence on Fabaceae emergence. Conclusion The cyanobacterial BSC acted as a filter that hindered the emergence of the lightweight seeds. KW - Biocrusts KW - Biological soil crusts KW - soil ecology KW - post-mining site Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-06869-3 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kästner, Karl A1 - Vijsel, Roeland C. van de A1 - Caviedes-Voullième, Daniel A1 - Hinz, Christoph T1 - Unravelling the spatial structure of regular environmental spatial patterns T2 - EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria & Online, 14-19 April 2024 N2 - Spatial patterns where patches of high biomass alternate with bare ground occur in many resource-limited ecosystems. Especially fascinating are regular patterns, which are self-similar at a lag distance corresponding to the typical distance between patches. Regular patterns are understood to form autogenously through self-organization, which can be generated with deterministic reaction-diffusion models. Such models generate highly regular patterns, which repeat at the characteristic wavelength and are therefore periodic. Natural patterns do not repeat, as they are noisy and as the patch size and spacing vary. Natural patterns are therefore usually perceived as perturbed periodic patterns. However, the self-similarity of natural patterns decreases at longer lag distances, which indicates that their spatial structure is not a perturbed periodic structure originating through deterministic processes. Here, we provide an overview of our recent work on the spatial structure and formation of natural environmental spatial patterns as a basis for discussion: First, we develop a statistical periodicity test and compile a large dataset of more than 10,000 regular environmental spatial patterns. We find that neither isotropic (spotted) nor anisotropic (banded) patterns are periodic. Instead, we find that their spatial structure can be well described as random fields originating through stochastic processes. Second, we recognize the regularity as a gradually varying property, rather than a dichotomous property of being periodic or not. We develop a method for quantifying the regularity and apply it in a metastudy to a set of natural and model-generated patterns found in the literature. We find that patterns generated with deterministic reaction-diffusion models do not well reproduce the spatial structure of environmental spatial structure, as they are too regular. Third, we develop an understanding of pattern formation through stochastic reaction-diffusion processes, which incorporate random environmental heterogeneities. We find that regular patterns form through filtering of the environmental heterogeneities and identify stochastic processes which reproduce both isotropic and anisotropic patterns. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-3412 PB - Copernicus GmbH ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kästner, Karl A1 - Vijsel, Roeland C. van de A1 - Caviedes-Voullième, Daniel A1 - Hinz, Christoph T1 - A scale-invariant method for quantifying the regularity of environmental spatial patterns T2 - Ecological Complexity N2 - Spatial patterns of alternating high and low biomass occur in a wide range of ecosystems. Patterns can improve ecosystem productivity and resilience, but the particular effects of patterning depend on their spatial structure. The spatial structure is conventionally classified as either regular, when the patches of biomass are of similar size and are spaced in similar intervals, or irregular. The formation of regular patterns is driven by scale-dependent feedbacks. Models incorporating those feedbacks generate highly regular patterns, while natural patterns appear less regular. This calls for a more nuanced quantification beyond a binary classification. Here, we propose measuring the degree of regularity by the maximum of a pattern’s spectral density, based on the observation that the density of highly regular patterns consists of a narrow and high peak, while the density of highly irregular patterns consists of a low and wide lobe. We rescale the density to make the measure invariant with respect to the characteristic length-scale of a pattern, facilitating the comparison of patterns observed or modelled under different conditions. We demonstrate our method in a metastudy determining the regularity of natural and model-generated patterns depicted in previous studies. We find that natural patterns have an intermediate degree of regularity, resembling random surfaces generated by stochastic processes. We find that conventional deterministic models do not reproduce the intermediate regularity of natural patterns, as they generate patterns which are much more regular and similar to periodic surfaces. We call for appreciating the stochasticity of natural patterns in systems with scale-dependent feedbacks. KW - Self-organization KW - Scale-dependent feedback KW - Arid vegetation KW - Stochastic processes KW - Turing pattern KW - Spectral analysis Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecocom.2024.101104 SN - 1476-945X VL - 60 PB - Elsevier BV ER - TY - GEN A1 - Khosh Bin Ghomash, Shahin A1 - Bachmann, Daniel A1 - Caviedes-Voullième, Daniel A1 - Hinz, Christoph T1 - Effects ofWithin-Storm Variability on Allochthonous Flash Flooding: A Synthetic Study T2 - Water N2 - Rainfall is a spatiotemporally variated process and one of the key elements to accurately capture both catchment runoff response and floodplain extents. Flash floods are the result of intense rainfall, typically associated to highly variable rain in both space and time, such as convective storms. In this work, the extent within-storm variability affects runoff and flooding is explored. The Kan catchment (Tehran, Iran) is used as base topography for the simulations. The allochthonous nature of floods in the catchment and how they interact with the effects of storm variability are further investigated. For this, 300 synthetic rainfall signals with different hyetograph variabilities are generated and imposed on a 1D/2D hydrodynamic model. Additionally, a set of simulations with different levels of spatial variability are performed. The results suggest that temporal and spatial variability affect the runoff response in different degrees. Peak discharge and hydrograph shapes, as well as flooded areas, are affected. The effect of storm temporal variability is shown to be significantly higher than storm spatial variability and storm properties such as return period, duration, and volume. Further on the influence of storm spatiotemporal variability on stream discharge and flood response is seen to be strongly dependent on the location within the drainage network at which it is assessed. KW - flash flood KW - rainfall variability KW - rainfall/runoff simulation KW - runoff generation Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/w15040645 SN - 2073-4441 VL - 15 IS - 4 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Frimpong, Bernard Fosu A1 - Koranteng, Addo A1 - Opoku, Fosu Senior T1 - Analysis of urban expansion and its impact on temperature utilising remote sensing and GIS techniques in the Accra Metropolis in Ghana (1986 - 2022) T2 - SN Applied Sciences N2 - The Accra Metropolis of Ghana has experienced rapid urban expansion over the past decades. Agricultural and forestlands have been transformed into urban/built-up areas. This study analysed urban expansion and its relationship with the temperature of Accra from 1986 to 2022. Multi-source datasets such as Remote Sensing (RS) and other ancillary data were utilised. Land Use Land Cover (LULC) maps were produced employing the Random Forests classifier. Land Surface Temperature (LST) and selected Remote Sensing (RS) Indices were extracted. Regression techniques assessed the interplay between LST and remote sensing indices. The LULC maps revealed increasing trends in the urban/built-up areas at the expense of the other LULC types. The analysis from the LST and the RS indices revealed a direct relationship between temperature and urban/built-up areas and an inverse relationship between temperature and vegetation. Thus, spatial urban expansion has modified the urban temperature of Accra. The integrated utilisation of RS and GIS demonstrated to be an efficient approach for analysing and monitoring urban expansion and its relationship with temperature. KW - Urban expansion KW - Change detection KW - Land use land cover KW - Regression KW - Remote sensing KW - Temperature Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-023-05439-z SN - 2523-3971 VL - 5 IS - 8 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Khosh Bin Ghomash, Shahin A1 - Bachmann, Daniel A1 - Caviedes-Voullième, Daniel A1 - Hinz, Christoph T1 - Introducing a dynamic spatiotemporal rainfall generator for flood risk analysis T2 - EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 24–28 Apr 2023 N2 - Precipitation scenario analysis is a crucial step in flood risk assessment, in which storm events with different probabilities are defined and used as input for the hydrological/hydrodynamic calculations. Rainfall generators may serve as a basis for the precipitation analysis. With the increase in the use of high resolution spatially-explicit hydrological/hydrodynamic models in flood risk calculations, demand for synthetic gridded precipitation input is increasing. In this work, we present a dynamic spatiotemporal rainfall generator. The model is capable of generating catchment-scale rainfields containing moving storms, which enable physically-plausible and spatiotemporally coherent precipitation events. This is achieved by the tools event-based approach, where dynamic storms are identified as clusters of related data that occur at different locations in space and time, and are then used as basis for event regeneration. The implemented methodology, mainly inspired by Dierden et al. (2019), provides an improvement in the spatial coherence of precipitation extremes, which can in turn be beneficial in flood risk calculations. The model has been validated under different databases such as the radar-based RADALON dataset or spatially-interpolated historical raingauge timeseries of different catchments in Germany, which is also presented in this work. The validation indicates the models ability to adequately preserve observed storm statistics in the generated timeseries. The generator is developed as an extension to the state-of-the-science flood risk modelling tool ProMaIDes (Promaides 2023). The model also puts great focus on user accessibility with offering features such as an easy installation process, support for most operating systems, a user interface and an online user manual. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU23/EGU23-2599.html UR - https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU23/EGU23-2599.html?pdf U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-2599 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kästner, Karl A1 - Vijsel, Roeland C. van de A1 - Caviedes-Voullième, Daniel A1 - Frechen, Nanu T. A1 - Hinz, Christoph T1 - Unravelling the spatial structure of regular dryland vegetation patterns T2 - CATENA N2 - Many resource-limited ecosystems exhibit spatial patterns where patches of biomass alternate with bare ground. Patterns can enhance ecosystem functioning and resilience, depending on their spatial structure. Particularly conspicuous are regular patterns, where patches are of similar size and spaced in similar intervals. The spatial structure of regular patterns is often described to be periodic. This has been corroborated by statistical testing of natural patterns and generation of periodic patterns with deterministic reaction–diffusion models. Yet, natural regular patterns appear conspicuously erratic compared to periodic patterns. So far, this has been attributed to perturbations by noise, varying patch size and spacing. First, we illustrate by means of an example that the spatial structure of regular vegetation patterns cannot be reproduced by perturbing periodic patterns. We then compile a large dataset of regular dryland patterns and find that their spatial structure systematically differs from periodic patterns. We further reveal that previous studies testing for periodicity overlook two aspects which dramatically inflate the number of false positives and result in the misclassification of patterns as periodic. We amend the test procedure by accounting for both aspects, finding that regular natural patterns have no significant periodic components. Lastly, we demonstrate that stochastic processes can generate regular patterns with similar visual appearance, spatial structure and frequency spectra as natural regular patterns. We conclude that new methods are required for quantifying the regularity of spatial patterns beyond a binary classification and to further investigate the difference between natural and model generated patterns. KW - Self-organization KW - Arid vegetation KW - Stochastic processes KW - Turing pattern KW - Spectral analysis Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2024.108442 SN - 0341-8162 VL - 247 PB - Elsevier BV ER - TY - THES A1 - Khosh Bin Ghomash, Shahin T1 - Significance of storm spatiotemporal variability and movement in flood hydrodynamic modelling N2 - This dissertation aims to explore the impact of various storm properties on computational flood modelling and to propose a method for integrating them into flood risk assessment. It focuses on three key areas: Firstly, it examines within-storm variability, investigating how variations in storm intensity, duration, and spatial distribution affect runoff dynamics. Through a systematic theoretical approach, the study generates synthetic rainfall signals with different hyetograph variabilities and applies them to a hydrodynamic model. The results highlight the significant influence of storm spatiotemporal variability on runoff response, affecting peak discharge, hydrograph shapes, and flooded areas. Temporal variability emerges as particularly dominant, overshadowing spatial variability and other storm properties such as return period and volume. The study emphasizes the spatial dependency of these effects within the drainage network. Secondly, it investigates the role of storm movement in flood modelling, recognizing its potential to alter runoff dynamics and inundation patterns. By generating synthetic rain hyetographs traversing the catchment area at varying velocities and directions, the study shows that storm movement significantly impacts runoff response and flood extents. Higher storm velocities lead to more pronounced peaks and faster runoff onsets, resulting in larger flooded areas. The direction of storm movement plays a crucial role, with storms aligning with the average stream direction causing the highest peaks and flooded areas. The magnitude of this influence varies depending on the location within the catchment. Finally, the dissertation introduces a dynamic spatiotemporal rainfall model aimed at preserving storm event properties. Using an event-based approach, dynamic precipitation events are identified and regenerated, ensuring the conservation of storm spatiotemporal variability and movement characteristics. This facilitates the generation of more physically plausible and spatiotemporally coherent precipitation time series. The model prioritizes user accessibility, offering a practical tool for integrating storm properties into flood computation modelling and risk analysis frameworks. By addressing these aspects of storm behaviour, the dissertation contributes to enhancing the accuracy and effectiveness of flood modelling, thereby improving flood risk mitigation efforts. KW - Flash floods KW - Hydrodynamic modelling KW - Rainfall/runoff KW - Storm movement KW - Storm spatiotemporal variability Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-67245 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Biemelt, Detlef A1 - Winter, S. A1 - Fischer, Annette A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Overview and first results of ecological monitoring at the artificial watershed Chicken Creek (Germany) T2 - Physics and Chemistry of the Earth Y1 - 2011 SN - 1873-5193 VL - 36 IS - 1-4 SP - 61 EP - 73 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Pohle, Ina A1 - Niebisch, Michael A1 - Müller, Hannes A1 - Schümberg, Sabine A1 - Zha, Tingting A1 - Maurer, Thomas A1 - Hinz, Christoph T1 - Coupling Poisson rectangular pulse and multiplicative microcanonical random cascade models to generate subdaily precipitation time series T2 - Journal of Hydrology N2 - To simulate the impacts of within-storm rainfall variabilities on fast hydrological processes, long precipi-tation time series with high temporal resolution are required. Due to limited availability of observed data such time series are typically obtained from stochastic models. However, most existing rainfall models are limited in their ability to conserve rainfall event statistics which are relevant for hydrological pro-cesses. Poisson rectangular pulse models are widely applied to generate long time series of alternating precipitation events durations and mean intensities as well as interstorm period durations. Multiplicative microcanonical random cascade (MRC) models are used to disaggregate precipitation time series from coarse to fine temporal resolution. To overcome the inconsistencies between the temporal structure of the Poisson rectangular pulse model and the MRC model, we developed a new coupling approach by introducing two modifications to the MRC model. These modifications comprise (a) a modified cascade model (“constrained cascade”) which preserves the event durations generated by the Poisson rectangular model by constraining the first and last interval of a precipitation event to contain precipitation and (b) continuous sigmoid func-tions of the multiplicative weights to consider the scale-dependency in the disaggregation of precipita-tion events of different durations. The constrained cascade model was evaluated in its ability to dis-aggregate observed precipitation events in comparison to existing MRC models. For that, we used a 20-year record of hourly precipitation at six stations across Germany. The constrained cascade model showed a pronounced better agreement with the observed data in terms of both the temporal pattern of the precipitation time series (e.g. the dry and wet spell durations and autocorrelations) and event char-acteristics (e.g. intra-event intermittency and intensity fluctuation within events). The constrained cas-cade model also slightly outperformed the other MRC models with respect to the intensity-frequency relationship. To assess the performance of the coupled Poisson rectangular pulse and constrained cascade model, precipitation events were stochastically generated by the Poisson rectangular pulse model and then disaggregated by the constrained cascade model. We found that the coupled model performs satisfac-torily in terms of the temporal pattern of the precipitation time series, event characteristics and the in-tensity-frequency relationship. KW - Rainfall generator KW - Disaggregation KW - Precipitation event KW - Autocorrelation KW - Within-event variability KW - Intra-event intermittency Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.04.063 SN - 0022-1694 VL - 562 SP - 50 EP - 70 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hinz, Christoph A1 - Letmathe, Peter A1 - Leuchner, Michael A1 - Roß-Nickoll, Martina A1 - Rüde, Thomas A1 - Trachte, Katja A1 - Wätzold, Frank A1 - Lehmkuhl, Frank T1 - Perspectives of lignite post‑mining landscapes under changing environmental conditions: what can we learn from a comparison between the Rhenish and Lusatian region in Germany? T2 - Environmental Sciences Europe N2 - Background The decision of the German federal government to cease lignite mining until 2038 or—if possible— already earlier until 2030, will cause manifold transition processes in the remaining lignite mining districts of Germany. The two largest districts are located in geographically opposite regions: The Rhineland in the western part and Lusatia in the east of Germany. As particularly these two mining districts will experience severe changes in their socioeconomic as well environmental conditions, the federal government has adopted comprehensive economic support measures. However, the environmental changes will also cause altered ecosystem functions and services to be provided by the future post-mining landscapes. Results In this paper, the two main lignite-producing regions of Germany are compared with regard to their natural and cultural settings. The economic situation and its history are reflected and differences are outlined. Part of the disparities in the cultural development can be explained by very different natural conditions, especially edaphic factors and climatic situation. Because of dissimilar geological settings, different mining technologies were developed and are in use in the two regions with distinct effects on the resulting post-mining landscapes. Conclusion The long-standing and manifold lignite mining activities have radically restructured the landscapes in Lusatia and the Rhineland. With the ongoing decline of the mining industry and its complete cessation, presumably within the next decade, both regions will alter their faces significantly. These changes offer both challenges but also opportunities with respect to the post-mining landscapes and their ecosystem services they are going to provide. The prerequisites for a positive socioeconomic development and for sustainable land-use concepts that also consider ecological aspects are different for both regions. However, or especially because of these differences, the knowledge exchange and experience transfer between both mining regions are pivotal for the success of this extensive transformation process. KW - Lignite mining KW - Ecosystem services KW - Post-mining landscapes KW - Transformation processes Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-023-00738-z SN - 2190-4715 VL - 35 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hinz, Christoph A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Lehmkuhl, Frank T1 - Editorial for the Special Issue “Anthropogenic Geomorphology – Geomorphology in the Anthropocene” T2 - Geomorphology Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108528 SN - 0169-555X VL - 422 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gerke, Horst H. A1 - Grünewald, Uwe A1 - Biemelt, Detlef A1 - Badorreck, Annika A1 - Bartl, Steffen ED - Hüttl, Reinhard F. ED - Kögel-Knabner, Ingrid ED - Schulin, Rainer ED - Gerwin, Werner T1 - Project A4 – Development and interactions of flow paths on the surface and in the soil T2 - Structures and processes of the initial ecosystem development phase in an artificial water catchment (Final report CRC/TR 38) Y1 - 2013 SP - 37 EP - 44 PB - BTU, Forschungszentrum Landschaftsentwicklung und Bergbaulandschaften (FZLB) CY - Cottbus ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lehmkuhl, Frank A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Birkhofer, Klaus A1 - Hinz, Christoph A1 - Letmathe, Peter A1 - Leuchner, Michael A1 - Roß-Nickoll, Martina A1 - Rüde, Thomas R. A1 - Trachte, Katja A1 - Wätzold, Frank T1 - Perspectives for the lignite post-mining landscapes of the lignite mining landscapes under changing environmental conditions - what can we learn from a comparison between the Rhenish and the Lusatian regions in Germany? : EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria & Online | 14–19 April 2024 N2 - The German government's decision to phase out lignite mining by 2038 or earlier, as recently 2030 has been agreed for the Rhineland, will trigger a number of transition processes in Germany's remaining lignite mining areas. The two largest lignite mining areas are located in geographically different regions: Rhineland in the west and Lusatia in the east. As the socio-economic and environmental conditions in these two mining areas are set to change dramatically, the German government has adopted extensive economic support measures. However, the environmental changes will also lead to changes in the ecosystem functions and services provided by the future post-mining landscapes. Gerwin et al. (2023) compare the two main lignite producing regions of Germany in terms of their natural and cultural environments. The economic situation and its history are reflected and differences are outlined. Part of the differences in cultural development can be explained by the natural conditions, especially the edaphic factors and the climatic situation. Because of the specific geological settings, tailored mining technologies were developed and used in the two regions, with different effects on the resulting post-mining landscapes. We conclude that the landscapes of Lusatia and the Rhineland have been radically restructured by the long and varied history of lignite mining. Both regions will change significantly as the mining industry continues to decline and is expected to cease altogether within the next decade. These changes in the post-mining landscapes and the ecosystem services will provide both challenges and opportunities. The preconditions for positive socio-economic development and for sustainable land use concepts that also consider ecological aspects are different for the two regions. The exchange of knowledge and experience between the two mining regions is crucial to the success of this major transformation process, despite, or perhaps because of, these differences. Gerwin, W., Raab, T., Birkhofer, K., Hinz, C., Letmathe, P., Leuchner, M., Ro&#223;-Nickoll, M., R&#252;de, T., Trachte, K., W&#228;tzold, F., Lehmkuhl, F. (2023): Perspectives of lignite post-mining landscapes under changing environmental conditions: what can we learn from a comparison between the Rhenish and Lusatian region in Germany? Environmental Sciences Europe 35:36. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-023-00738-z Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-2791 PB - Copernicus GmbH ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Biemelt, Detlef A1 - Bartl, Steffen A1 - Gerke, Horst H. A1 - Badorreck, Annika A1 - Schapp, Andrea T1 - Analyse von Wechselwirkungen zwischen Infiltration und Abfluss in Abhängigkeit von Oberflächenstrukturen mit einem komplexen Beregnungsexperiment T2 - Böden - eine endliche Ressource, 5. - 13. September 2009, Bonn, Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft Y1 - 2009 UR - http://eprints.dbges.de/212/1/Biemelt_etal_DBG_Berichte.pdf PB - Deutsche Bodenkundliche Gesellschaft (Selbstverlag) CY - Bonn ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Pohle, Ina A1 - Hu, Yuzhu A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Maurer, Thomas A1 - Hinz, Christoph T1 - Hydrogeochemische Signaturen der Einzugsgebietsentwicklung – die Rolle der Calcium- und Sulfatfreisetzung im Hühnerwassereinzugsgebiet T2 - Abstract-Sammlung zu Posterbeiträgen, eingereicht zum Tag der Hydrologie in Trier 2017, 23. 03. – 24. 03. 2017 Y1 - 2017 UR - https://www.uni-trier.de/fileadmin/fb6/prof/PHY/PDF-Dateien/TdH2017_4Abstracts_Poster.pdf SP - S. 5 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hinz, Christoph A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Pohle, Ina T1 - Entwicklung eines transienten hydrologischen Systems: Zustandsänderungen des künstlichen Einzugsgebiets Hühnerwasser T2 - Abstract-Sammlung zu Posterbeiträgen, eingereicht zum Tag der Hydrologie in Trier 2017, 23. 03. – 24. 03. 2017 Y1 - 2017 UR - https://www.uni-trier.de/fileadmin/fb6/prof/PHY/PDF-Dateien/TdH2017_4Abstracts_Poster.pdf SP - S. 1 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Maurer, Thomas A1 - Brück, Yasemine A1 - Hinz, Christoph A1 - Gerke, Horst H. T1 - Modeling 3D soil and sediment distributions for assessing catchment structure and hydrological feedbacks T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015 Y1 - 2015 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2015/EGU2015-12519.pdf N1 - EGU2015-12519 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Maurer, Thomas A1 - Caviedes-Voullième, Daniel A1 - Gerke, Horst H. A1 - Hinz, Christoph T1 - A 3D-spatial approach for modeling soil hydraulic property distributions on the artificial Huehnerwasser catchment T2 - Geophysical Research Abstracts N2 - Knowledge of catchment 3D spatial heterogeneity is crucial for the assessment and modeling of eco-hydrological processes. Especially during the initial development phase of a hydro-geo-system, the primary structural properties have the potential to determine further development pathways. Small-scale heterogeneity (cm to m scale) may have significant effects on processes on larger spatial scales, but is difficult to measure and quantify. The Hühnerwasser (Chicken Creek) catchment offers the unique opportunity to study early ecosystem development within an initial structural setup that is well-known, from the plot up to the catchment scale. Based on information on the open-cast mining technology, catchment boundaries and sediment properties, we developed a structure generator program for the process-based modeling of specific dumping structures and sediment property distributions on the catchment. The structure generator reproduces the trajectories of spoil ridges and can be conditioned to reproduce actual sediment distributions according to remote sensing and soil sampling data. Alternatively, sediment distribution scenarios can be generated based on geological data from the excavation site, or can be distributed stochastically. Using pedotransfer functions, the effective hydraulic van-Genuchten parameters are then calculated from sediment texture and bulk density. The main application of the 3D catchment model is to provide detailed 3D-distributed flow domain information for hydrological flow modeling. Observation data are available from catchment monitoring are available for determining the boundary conditions (e.g., precipitation), and the calibration / validation of the model (catchment discharge, ground water). The analysis of multiple sediment distribution scenarios allows to evaluate the effect of initial conditions on hydrological behavior development. Generally, the modeling approach can be used to pinpoint the influx of specific soil structural features on ecohydrological processes across spatial scales. Y1 - 2019 UR - https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2019/EGU2019-5378.pdf VL - 21 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kästner, Karl A1 - Caviedes-Voullième, Daniel A1 - Hinz, Christoph ED - Li, Pan T1 - Formation of spatial vegetation patterns in heterogeneous environments T2 - PLOS One N2 - Functioning of many resource-limited ecosystems is facilitated through spatial patterns. Patterns can indicate ecosystems productivity and resilience, but the interpretation of a pattern requires good understanding of its structure and underlying biophysical processes. Regular patterns are understood to form autogenously through self-organization, for which exogenous heterogeneities are negligible. This has been corroborated by reaction-diffusion models which generate highly regular patterns in idealized homogeneous environments. However, such model-generated patterns are considerably more regular than natural patterns, which indicates that the concept of autogenous pattern formation is incomplete. Models can generate patterns which appear more natural when they incorporate exogenous random spatial heterogeneities (noise), such as microtopography or spatially varying soil properties. However, the mechanism through which noise influences the pattern formation has not been explained so far. Recalling that irregular patterns can form through stochastic processes, we propose that regular patterns can form through stochastic processes as well, where spatial noise is filtered through scale-dependent biophysical feedbacks. First, we demonstrate that the pattern formation in nonlinear reaction-diffusion models is highly sensitive to noise. We then propose simple stochastic processes which can explain why and how random exogenous heterogeneity influences the formation of regular and irregular patterns. Finally, we derive linear filters which reproduce the spatial structure and visual appearance of natural patterns well. Our work contributes to a more holistic understanding of spatial pattern formation in self-organizing ecosystems. Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0324181 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 20 IS - 5 SP - 1 EP - 38 PB - Public Library of Science (PLoS) CY - San Francisco, California ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Pohle, Ina A1 - Maurer, Thomas A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Hinz, Christoph A1 - Badorreck, Annika T1 - Water balance dynamics of the constructed Chicken Creek catchment as influenced by 12 years of ecological development T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2018, Vienna, Austria N2 - Experimental catchments with well-known boundaries and characteristics may contribute valuable data to hydrological, critical zone and landscape evolution research. One of the most well-established and largest constructed catchments is the Chicken Creek catchment (6 ha area including a 0.4 ha pond, Brandenburg, Germany) representing an initial ecosystem undergoing a highly dynamic ecological development starting from clearly defined starting conditions. The water balance dynamics of the catchment was calculated using a simple mass balance approach to reveal the impact of ecological development during 12 years. Water storage in the catchment was calculated from a 3D-model of groundwater volumes, soil moisture measurements and water level recordings of the pond. The catchment water balance equation was resolved for evapotranspiration, the only part that was not measured directly. Due to the known boundary conditions and the inner structure of the catchment, we were able to quantify the different storage compartments and their role in hydrologic response. Our results indicate that for small catchments with a highly dynamic ecological development like the Chicken Creek, the knowledge about saturated and unsaturated storage volumes enables a good estimate and closure of the water balance using a rather simple approach, at least in annual resolution. We found a significant relationship between vegetation cover in the catchment and calculated ET. Time series of meteorological, hydrological, soil and vegetation data over 12 years enabled us to characterize the transient development of the catchment and to evaluate the effect of different feedback mechanisms on catchment hydrology. The dataset from the Chicken Creek catchment indicate at least three phases in ecosystem development, where initial abiotic feedbacks (e.g. erosion) were followed by more and more biotic controls (e.g. biological soil crusts, vegetation succession and growth). Data from Chicken Creek in high spatial and temporal resolution provide a valuable database underlining the high importance of abiotic/biotic feedback effects that change the hydrologic functioning and response of the catchment more than the water balance itself revealed and thus have to be included in catchment models. Y1 - 2018 UR - https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2018/EGU2018-11977.pdf N1 - EGU2018-11977 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Pohle, Ina A1 - Maurer, Thomas A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Hinz, Christoph A1 - Badorreck, Annika T1 - Water Balance Dynamics during Ten Years of Ecological Development at Chicken Creek Catchment T2 - Vadose Zone Journal N2 - Difficulties in quantitatively closing the water balance of catchments arise when upscaling point measurements and from insufficient knowledge of the physical boundaries, inner structure, and storage volumes of natural catchments. In addition, there is a strong need for generalizing the relationship between catchment characteristics and hydrological response. Therefore, experimental catchments with well-known boundaries and conditions could contribute valuable data to hydrological and critical zone research. One of the most well-established and largest constructed catchments is the Chicken Creek catchment (6 ha including a pond, Brandenburg, Germany) representing an initial ecosystem undergoing highly dynamic ecological development starting from clearly defined starting conditions. Directly after completion of the construction, extensive monitoring equipment was installed to track the ecosystem development and to capture the spatiotemporal variability of meteorological, hydrological, ecological, and soil conditions and vegetation succession. In this study, we focused on the water balance dynamics of the Chicken Creek catchment for the period 2005 to 2015 as influenced by ecological development. Water storage in the catchment was calculated from a three-dimensional model of groundwater volumes, soil moisture measurements, and water level recordings of the pond. The catchment water balance equation was resolved for evapotranspiration, the only part that was not measured directly. Time series of meteorological, hydrological, and ecological data for 10 yr enabled us to characterize the transient development of the catchment and to evaluate the effect of different feedback mechanisms on catchment hydrology. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2017.04.0074 SN - 1539-1663 VL - 16 IS - 11 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Hinz, Christoph A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Zaplata, Markus K. A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. ED - Liu, Jiu-Fu ED - Gu, Wei-Zu T1 - Ecosystem Development in the Constructed Catchment "Chicken Creek" T2 - Hydrology of Artificial and Controlled Experiments N2 - Landscapes and ecosystems are complex systems with many feedback mechanisms acting between the various abiotic and biotic components. The knowledge about these interacting processes is mainly derived from mature ecosystems. The initial development of ecosystem complexity may involve state transitions following catastrophic shifts, disturbances, or transgression of thresholds. We propose a conceptual framework of feedback processes in early states of ecosystem development affected by spatiotemporal environmental drivers. To test this concept, we used 10-year time series of hydrological, biological, geomorphological, and soil data from the constructed catchment Chicken Creek.” The 6ha site was left to unrestricted development since 2005 and was intensively monitored. The data showed a very rapid development of the site with an increasing complexity and heterogeneity. In the first years, stochastic signals like the initial substrate conditions and external drivers like extreme weather events were the most important factors resulting in abiotic/abiotic feedback mechanisms shaping the morphology of the site and creating site diversity. Initial abiotic feedback mechanisms between water and substrate were soon followed by abiotic/biotic feedbacks between biological soil crusts, invading vegetation, geomorphology, and hydrology resulting in state transitions of catchment functioning. Y1 - 2018 UR - https://www.intechopen.com/books/hydrology-of-artificial-and-controlled-experiments/ecosystem-development-in-the-constructed-catchment-chicken-creek- SN - 978-1-78923-559-3 SN - 978-1-78923-558-6 SP - 75 EP - 93 PB - Intech Open CY - London ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ulrich, Werner A1 - Zaplata, Markus K. A1 - Winter, Susanne A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Fischer, Anton A1 - Soliveres, Santiago A1 - Gotelli, Nicholas J. T1 - Species interactions and random dispersal rather than habitat filtering drive community assembly during early plant succession T2 - Oikos N2 - Theory on plant succession predicts a temporal increase in the complexity of spatial community structure and of competitive interactions: initially random occurrences of early colonising species shift towards spatially and competitively structured plant associations in later successional stages. Here we use long-term data on early plant succession in a German post mining area to disentangle the importance of random colonisation, habitat filtering, and competition on the temporal and spatial development of plant community structure. We used species co-occurrence analysis and a recently developed method for assessing competitive strength and hierarchies (transitive versus intransitive competitive orders) in multispecies communities. We found that species turnover decreased through time within interaction neighbourhoods, but increased through time outside interaction neighbourhoods. Successional change did not lead to modular community structure. After accounting for species richness effects, the strength of competitive interactions and the proportion of transitive competitive hierarchies increased through time. Although effects of habitat filtering were weak, random colonization and subsequent competitive interactions had strong effects on community structure. Because competitive strength and transitivity were poorly correlated with soil characteristics, there was little evidence for context dependent competitive strength associated with intransitive competitive hierarchies. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.02658 VL - 125 IS - 5 SP - 698 EP - 707 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Badorreck, Annika A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Hinz, Christoph A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Das Hühnerwasser-Einzugsgebiet in SO-Brandenburg im Übergang von einem abiotischen zu einem biotisch kontrollierten Wasserhaushalt T2 - Hydrologie und Wasserbewirtschaftung N2 - Das Hühnerwasser-Einzugsgebiet ist ein 6 ha großes, künstlich geschaffenes Wassereinzugsgebiet im Tagebau Welzow-Süd in Südost-Brandenburg. Das Zweischichtsystem mit einer Ton- und einer darüber liegenden Sandschicht wurde im Jahr 2005 fertiggestellt und ohne weitere Rekultivierungsmaßnahmen für Forschungszwecke bereitgestellt. Es lässt exemplarisch die Untersuchung der initialen Landschaftsgenese zu. Insbesondere die Entwicklung von einem zunächst noch abiotisch kontrollierten hin zu einem biotisch gesteuerten System lässt sich hier beobachten. In diesem Beitrag werden beispielhaft einige in diesem Kontext aufgetretene Interaktionen zwischen abiotischen und biotischen Strukturelementen vorgestellt. Dies sind zum einen Erosions- und Sedimentationsprozesse und ihre Wechselwirkungen mit der Vegetation. Zum anderen wird der Einfluss der Vegetation auf die Grundwasserentwicklung dargestellt. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5675/HyWa_2018,3_1 SN - 0012-0235 SN - 1439-1783 VL - 62 IS - 3 SP - 134 EP - 144 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Pohle, Ina A1 - Hu, Yuzhu A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Hinz, Christoph T1 - Hydrogeochemical signatures of catchment evolution – the role of calcium and sulphate release in the constructed Hühnerwasser (“Chicken Creek”) catchment T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria N2 - The constructed Hühnerwasser (“Chicken Creek”) catchment is an ecohydrological system in an initial state of development. The catchment with an area of 6 ha was built up from quaternary sediments in the post-mining landscape of Lusatia in Eastern Germany and serves as a critical zone observatory for detecting ecosystem transition. The soil substrate is characterized as sands to loamy sands with low carbonate contents but significant amounts of gypsum in the sediments of the catchment. The catchment undergoes a strong transition from an abiotic system in the initial years to a system with growing influence of biota. Concerning the hydrology, a regime shift from surface runoff to groundwater flow dominated processes is significant. It is of interest, whether the catchment transition is also reflected by hydrogeochemical indicators. We assume gypsum dissolution as dominant process at the catchment scale. In order to investigate the hydrogeochemical evolution of the catchment we analysed electric conductivity, calcium and sulphate concentrations and pH-values of biweekly composite samples from 2007-2013 of the atmospheric deposition, of runoff and soil water. The two observation points in the flowing water represent surface runoff and groundwater discharge respectively. Soil water has been analysed at four soil pits in three depths. The monitoring data were provided by the Research Platform Chicken Creek. From the macroscopic data analysis we found an exponential decay of the electric conductivity, calcium and sulphate concentrations in the flowing waters and some of the soil pits. In the flowing water, the decrease slope of the electric conductivity and the calcium and sulphate concentrations is almost identical. The calcium / sulphate molar ratio as an indicator of gypsum dissolution is almost equal to one up to 2010, afterwards more calcium than sulphate is released. The pH-values in the flowing and soil water are generally higher than in the atmospheric deposition, they do show variabilites but no trend behaviour. The time series analyses showed that the interannual variability of the hydrogeochemical properties is less pronounced in the first years of ecosystem development than in the later years. This leads to the conclusion, that in the first years, gypsum dissolution is the major source for calcium and sulphate in the soil and the flowing waters. The increasing interannual variability and changes in the calcium / sulphate ratio in the later years might be interpreted as hydrogeochemical response to the development of vegetation and acidification due to the development of the rhizosphere. Y1 - 2016 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2016/EGU2016-7726-1.pdf N1 - EGU2016-7726-1 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Hinz, Christoph A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Monitoring of Ecosystem Development at the Constructed Catchment Chicken Creek T2 - TERENO International Conference 2014, From Observation to Prediction in Terrestrial Systems, 29 September to 2 October 2014, Book of Abstracts N2 - The constructed catchment Chicken Creek was established in 2005 as an experimental landscape laboratory for ecosystem research. The 6 ha area with clearly defined horizontal as well as vertical boundary conditions was left for an unrestricted primary succession. The developing ecosystem offers the opportunity to study most processes occurring at the interface of bio-, pedo-, geo- and hydrosphere. Particularly interactions and feedbacks between different evolving compartments as well as the establishment of ecosystem functions and services can be investigated during the ongoing ecosystem development. The catchment is extensively instrumented since 2005 in order to detect transition stages of the ecosystem. Comprehensive data recorded with a high spatial and temporal resolution include hydrological, geomorphological, pedological, limnological as well as biological parameters. This site offers the unique situation of an early stage ecosystem with highly dynamic system properties. The first years of development were characterized by a fast formation of geomorphological structures due to massive erosion processes at the initially non-vegetated surface. Hydrological processes led to the establishment of a local groundwater body within 5 years. In the following years the influence of biological structures like vegetation patterns gained an increasing importance. Feedbacks between developing vegetation and e.g. hydrological features became more and more dominant. As a result, different phases of ecosystem development could be distinguished until now. This observatory offers manifold possibilities to identify and disentangle complex interactions between ecosystem compartments in situ under natural conditions. The originally low complexity of the system is growing with time facilitating the identification of influences of newly developing structures on ecosystem functions. Thus, it is possible to study effects of small-scale processes on the whole system at the landscape scale. In addition, the highly dynamic initial system properties allow the observation of multifaceted changes of ecosystem properties and functions within short periods of time. Y1 - 2014 UR - http://www.tereno-conference2014.de/tereno-conference/EN/download_book_of_abstracts/_node.html SP - P2-12 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Zaplata, Markus K. A1 - Hinz, Christoph T1 - A Critical Zone Observatory for detecting ecosystem transition: the constructed catchment Chicken Creek (Germany) T2 - Procedia Earth and Planetary Science N2 - The constructed catchment Chicken Creek was established in 2005 as an experimental landscape laboratory for ecosystem research. The 6 ha area with clearly defined horizontal as well as vertical boundary conditions was left for natural primary succession. All Critical Zone elements are represented at this site, which allows the study of most processes occurring at the interface of bio-, pedo-, geo- and hydrosphere. It provides outstanding opportunities for investigating interactions and feedbacks between different co-evolving compartments. The catchment has been extensively instrumented since 2005. Data are recorded with a high spatial and temporal resolution and include hydrological, geomorphological, pedological, limnological as well as biological parameters in order to detect transition states of the ecosystem. In contrast to other Critical Zone Observatories, this site offers the unique situation of an early stage ecosystem with highly dynamic properties. The first years of development were characterized by a fast formation of geomorphological structures due to massive erosion of the initially non-vegetated surface. Hydrological processes led to the establishment of a local groundwater body within 5 years. In the following years the influence of biological structures like vegetation patterns gained increasing importance. Feedbacks between developing vegetation and e.g. hydrological features became more and more apparent. As a result, different phases of ecosystem development have been distinguished. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeps.2014.08.009 VL - 10 SP - 46 EP - 51 ER -