TY - GEN A1 - Holländer, Hartmut M. A1 - Biemelt, Detlef A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Schoenheinz, Dagmar T1 - Hydrological earth observatories and artificial catchments: From observation to modelling T2 - Physics and Chemistry of the Earth Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2010.12.012 SN - 1873-5193 VL - 36 IS - 1-4 SP - 1 EP - 2 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Krümmelbein, Julia ED - Krümmelbein, Julia ED - Raab, Thomas ED - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Entwicklung bodenphysikalischer Parameter in Abhängigkeit von Fruchtfolge, Bodenbearbeitungsintensität und Bodenhilfsstoff T2 - Energieholzproduktion und bodenphysikalische Untersuchungen auf Rekultivierungsflächen des Niederlausitzer Braunkohlereviers KW - Bodenphysik Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-3-937728-12-4 SP - 17 EP - 43 PB - BTU CY - Cottbus ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Krümmelbein, Julia ED - Krümmelbein, Julia ED - Raab, Thomas ED - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Flächenhafte Verteilung der Textur auf der landwirtschaftlich zu rekultivierenden ANFOREK Fläche im Tagebau Jänschwalde T2 - Energieholzproduktion und bodenphysikalische Untersuchungen auf Rekultivierungsflächen des Niederlausitzer Braunkohlereviers KW - Textur KW - Rekultivierung Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-3-937728-12-4 SP - 45 EP - 60 PB - BTU CY - Cottbus ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Völkel, Jörg ED - Fechner, Kai ED - Devos, Y. ED - Leopold, M. ED - Völkel, Jörg T1 - Holocene soil development and pedgenic clay mineral transformation in Luvisols with different development ages at the Viereckschanze of Poign (Central Bavaria, Germany) T2 - Archaeology, Soil- and Life-Sciences Applied to Enclosures and Fields, Proceedings of the Session 'From microprobe to spatial analysis - Enclosed and buried surfaces as key sources in Archaeology and Pedology' Y1 - 2011 SP - 121 EP - 131 PB - British Archaeological Reports CY - Oxford ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Brützke, W. A1 - Christophel, Dominik A1 - Völkel, Jörg A1 - Raab, Thomas ED - Wilson, Lucy T1 - Reconstruction of the fire history in the Siedlungskammer Burgweinting (Bavaria, Germany) in relation to settlement and environmental history T2 - Human Interactions with the Geosphere: The Geoarchaeological Perspective, Geological Society, London N2 - Palaeoenvironmental investigations were carried out in the Siedlungskammer (prehistoric settlement area) Burgweinting (Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany) to reveal past settlement conditions and human impact on the environment. Two sequences were obtained from the Islinger Mühlbach Fen, in close proximity to the archaeological excavation site in Burgweinting, which documents an almost continuous settlement history since the Neolithic Period. The analyses of the sequences comprise stratigraphic, geochemical and microscopic charcoal analyses. For chronological information, radiocarbon dating was conducted on a total of 10 samples. Thus, the first long-term fire record was reconstructed for the investigation area, and the results were correlated, based on radiocarbon dating, with the available environmental information and settlement history in the Siedlungskammer Burgweinting. The fire record reveals an almost continuous, but alternating fire history. Furthermore, it shows that fire played an important role in the Siedlungskammer Burgweinting and that most probably as early as the Mesolithic hunterer–gatherers deliberately used fire. Y1 - 2011 SN - 978-1-86239-325-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1144/SP352.11 SP - 137 EP - 161 PB - Geological Soc. CY - London ER - TY - GEN A1 - Krümmelbein, Julia A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Naeth, M. Anne T1 - A history of lignite coal mining and reclamation practices in Lusatia, eastern Germany T2 - Canadian journal of soil science Y1 - 2012 SN - 1918-1841 VL - 92 IS - 1 SP - 53 EP - 66 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kölbl, Angelika A1 - Steffens, Markus A1 - Wiesmeier, Martin A1 - Hoffmann, Carsten A1 - Funk, Roger A1 - Krümmelbein, Julia A1 - Reszkowska, Agnieszka A1 - Zhao, Ying A1 - Peth, Stephan A1 - Horn, Rainer A1 - Giese, Marcus A1 - Kögel-Knabner, Ingrid T1 - Grazing changes topography-controlled topsoil properties and their interaction on different spatial scales in a semi-arid grassland of Inner Mongolia, P.R. China T2 - Plant and Soil Y1 - 2011 SN - 1573-5036 VL - 340 IS - 1-2 SP - 35 EP - 58 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Reszkowska, Agnieszka A1 - Krümmelbein, Julia A1 - Peth, Stephan A1 - Horn, Rainer A1 - Zhao, Ying A1 - Gan, Lei T1 - Influence of grazing on hydraulic and mechanical properties of semiarid steppe soils under different vegetation type in Inner Mongolia, China T2 - Plant and Soil Y1 - 2011 SN - 1573-5036 VL - 340 IS - 1-2 SP - 59 EP - 72 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Maurer, Thomas A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Gerke, Horst H. T1 - Modelling the initial structure dynamics of soil and sediment exemplified for a constructed hydrological catchment T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April – 02 May 2014 N2 - Knowledge about spatial heterogeneity is of essential for the analysis of the hydrological catchment behavior. Heterogeneity is directly related to the distribution of the solid phase, and in initial hydrological systems, the solid phase is mainly composed of mineral particles. In artificial catchments, such sediment structures relate to the applied construction technology. It is supposed that the development of catchment ecosystems is strongly influenced by such specific initial spatial distributions of the solid phase. Moreover, during the initial development period, the primary structures in a catchment are altered rapidly by translocation processes, thereby subdividing the initial system in different compartments. Questions are: How does initial sediment distribution affect further structural development? How is catchment hydrology influenced by the initial structural development? What structures have a relevant impact on catchment-scale hydrological behavior? Y1 - 2014 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2014/EGU2014-12462-1.pdf N1 - EGU2014-12462-1 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Extending and simplifying the standard Köhn-pipette technique for grain size analysis T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April – 02 May 2014 N2 - Grain size distribution is a fundamental parameter to characterize physical properties of soils and sediments. Manifold approaches exist and according to the DIN ISO 11277 soil texture is analyzed by default with the combined pipette sieving and sedimentation method developed by Köhn.With this standard technique subfractions of sand and silt as well as the total clay content can be determined but the differentiation of clay subfractions is impossible. As the differentiation of the clay subfractions yields relevant information about pedogenesis, we present a protocol basing on standard techniques of granulometry with easy to handle and low cost equipment. The protocol was tested on a set of soil samples to cover the range of grain size distributions. Y1 - 2014 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2014/EGU2014-2555.pdf N1 - EGU2014-2555 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Contradictory indications from terrestrial archives for the asynchronous LGM glaciation in the Central Spanish Pyrenees T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April – 02 May 2014 N2 - Studies from several Mediterranean sites suggest a nonuniform glaciation during the last glacial cycle. For the Pyrenees an asynchronous maximum ice extent compared to the global last glacial maximum (LGM) is controversially discussed. Our study sites are located in the Central Spanish Pyrenees, namely the Aragon and Gallego Valley. Both valleys are type locations for the Pleistocene glaciations and the early maximum ice extent for the Pyrenees was dated amongst other sites in the Gallego Valley to about 36 ka. Due to the potential time span since the earlier deglaciation compared to LGM sites from Central Europe we used a pedological and sedimentological approach to reconstruct the Late Quaternary landscape development. Our results indicate a considerable reshaping of the LGM landscape prior to the onset of the Holocene. The LGM tills are covered by a deposit with high content of fine sand and coarse silt. On the slopes the clasts in these fine-grained sediments are aligned parallel to the slope direction, whereas in the underlaying tills the clasts are aligned rectangular to the slope direction and therefore representing the direction of the Pleistocene glacier movement.We attribute the alignment of the clasts in the sediment covering the tills to solifluction induced by periglacial conditions. The high contents of coarse silt and fine sand are also characteristic for the eolian component in periglacial slope deposits. OSL datings suggest an age of about 14 ka for these sediments. Soil micromorphology shows that the periglacial deposits were not subject to intensive pedogenic processes prior to the sedimentation but that profiles are strongly affected by lessivation after deposition. Soil erosion is only evident during the Holocene and we associate these phases of soil erosion with the human impact. We found no indications for geomorphologic and pedogenic processes between the reported deposition of the LGM till around 36 ka and theperiglacial conditions dated in our study to about 14 ka. Y1 - 2014 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2014/EGU2014-2562.pdf N1 - EGU2014-2562 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Gerke, Horst H. A1 - Maurer, Thomas A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Initial phases of landform evolution in a small catchment T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April – 02 May 2014 N2 - During initial phases of landform evolution, the surface of sediment bodies is commonly not yet equilibrated with the environmental conditions and is thus liable to rapid changes by accelerated geomorphic activity. Geomorphic processes acting during these early development phases depend on the initial sediment composition and the subsurface and surface structures of the geosystem; at the same time, these processes lead to landscape structures that constitute boundary conditions for further ecosystem development. Y1 - 2014 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2014/EGU2014-2789-1.pdf N1 - EGU2014-2789-1 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schwab, Markus A1 - Brauer, Achim A1 - Blaszkiewicz, Miroslaw A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Wilmking, Martin A1 - Blume, Theresa T1 - The Virtual Institute of Integrated Climate and Landscape Evolution Analyses - ICLEA T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April – 02 May 2014 N2 - The GFZ, Greifswald University and the Brandenburg University of Technology together with their partner the Polish Academy of Sciences strive for focusing their research capacities and expertise in a Helmholtz Virtual Institute for Integrated Climate and Landscape Evolution Analyses (ICLEA). The Coordination Team is based at the GFZ in Potsdam and consists of a permanent scientific manager and administrative personnel. ICLEA offers young researchers an interdisciplinary and structured education and promote their early independence through coaching and mentoring. Postdoctoral rotation positions at the ICLEA partner institutions ensure mobility of young researchers and promote dissemination of information and expertise between disciplines. Training, Research and Analytical workshops between research partners of the ICLEA virtual institute are another important measure to qualify young researchers. Y1 - 2014 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2014/EGU2014-15974.pdf N1 - EGU2014-15974 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Blaszkiewicz, Miroslaw A1 - Kordowski, Jarosław A1 - Noryskiewicz, Agnieszka M. A1 - Tyszkowski, Sebastian A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Late Quaternary landscape development at the margin of the Pomeranian phase (MIS 2) near Lake Wygonin (Northern Poland) T2 - Catena N2 - In Central Europe, Late Quaternary landscapes experienced multiple phases of geomorphologic activity. In this study,we used a combined geomorphological, pedological, sedimentological and palynological approach to characterize landscape development after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) near Lake Wygonin in Northern Poland. The pedostratigraphical findings from soil pits and drillings were extrapolated using ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and electric resistivity tomography (ERT). During the Pomeranian phase, glacial and fluvioglacial processes dominated the landscape near Lake Wygonin. At the end of the glacial period, periglacial processes became relevant and caused the formation of ventifacts and coversands containing coated sand grains. At approximately 15,290–14,800 cal yr BP, a small pond formed in a kettle hole (profile BWI2). The lacustrine sediments lack eolian sand components and therefore indicate the decline of eolian processes during that time. The increase of Juniperus and rock-rose (Helianthemum) in the pollen diagram is a prominent marker of the Younger Dryas. At the end of the Younger Dryas, a partial reshaping of the landscape is indicated by abundant charcoal fragments in disturbed lake sediments. No geomorphologic activity since the beginning of the Holocene is documented in the terrestrial and wetland archives. The anthropogenic impact is reflected in the pollen diagram by the occurrence of rye pollen grains (Secale cereale) and translocated soil sediments dated to 1560–1410 cal yr BP, proving agricultural use of the immediate vicinity. With the onset of land use, gully incision and the accumulation of colluvial fans reshaped the landscape locally. Since 540–460 cal yr BP, further gully incision in the steep forest tracks has been associated with the intensification of forestry. Outside of the gully catchments, the weakly podzolized Rubic Brunic Arenosols show no features of Holocene soil erosion. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2014.08.018 SN - 0341-8162 VL - 124 SP - 28 EP - 44 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Geophysical prospection on Late Quaternary sediments in the Gallego Valley, Central Spanish Pyrenees T2 - Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, Suppl. N2 - This study aims to characterize the Late Quaternary stratigraphy in a type region of Pleistocene glaciation in the Central Spanish Pyrenees by using geophysical prospection techniques to extrapolate stratigraphical field information from soil pits. The main objectives are (i) to identify the thickness of the Quaternary sediments, (ii) to characterize the internal structures and stratifications within the Quaternary deposits and (iii) to test the validity of combined geophysical prospection techniques, including shallow seismic refraction (SSR) and electric resistivity tomography (ERT). We focus on two selected study sites: the Late Pleistocene terminal moraine at Senegüé on the bottom of the Gállego Valley and a Pleistocene non-glaciated slope located nearby. This study proves that information about the depth, structure and distribution of Late Quaternary sediments (glacial, periglacial and fluvial) can be gathered by the combination of geophysical techniques (SSR and ERT). These techniques allow for a reliable, inexpensive and fast extrapolation of stratification information from soil pits and enable Late Quaternary and Eocene sediments to be distinguished. The reconstruction of the sediment genesis is facilitated by the geophysical techniques due to the potential to prospect the internal structures of large areas. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1127/0372-8854/2014/S-00165 SN - 1864-1687 VL - 58 IS - 3 SP - 47 EP - 62 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Rösler, Horst A1 - Bönisch, Eberhard A1 - Murray, Andrew S. T1 - Evidence of (pre-) historic to modern landscape and land use history near Jänschwalde (Brandenburg, Germany) T2 - Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, Suppl. N2 - In the apron of the active lignite opencast pit Jänschwalde (Brandenburg, Germany), three archaeological survey trenches were investigated in an area where aeolian sand deposits are widespread. The investigated sediment sequences contain evidence of aeolian morphodynamics, soil formation and agricultural land use. To study the age and the causes of sand drifting and surface stabilization, standard soil physical and chemical laboratory analyses as well as optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and radiocarbon dating (14C) were carried out. Two main sedimentological units were identified: Unit 1 consists of glacio-fluvial and Late Glacial aeolian sands representing the parent material for the native Podsol- Braunerde, while Unit 2 represents the Late Holocene aeolian deposits. Four periods of Late Glacial and Holocene aeolian activity and three phases of geomorphological stability have been identified: (i) Aeolian sedimentation during the Late Glacial, (ii) Mesolithic reactivation of aeolian processes, (iii) soil formation until Late Roman Iron Age settlers intensified the agricultural land use, (iv) intensive drift sand formation during the High Middle Ages due to agricultural expansion, (v) stabilization of the drift sands and weak soil formation, (vi) reactivation of aeolian processes due to the increasing wood consumption and charcoal production from the early 17th until the mid-19th century, (vii) surface stabilization and formation of Regosols since the mid-19th century due to afforestation. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1127/0372-8854/2014/S-00162 SN - 1864-1687 VL - 58 IS - 2 SP - 7 EP - 31 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Knoop, Christine A1 - Dornack, Christina A1 - Dietrich, Nils A1 - Krümmelbein, Julia A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Quality and condition of residues from organic waste fermentation with regard to its usage as soil amendment T2 - Proceedings, Fifth International Symposium on Energy from Biomass and Waste, San Servolo, Venice, Italy, 17-20 November 2014 N2 - The input of biowaste material in biogas plants has increased in the recent years. With that comes a certain amount of residues that can potentially be applied as organic soil amendment in order to recycle nutrients and to maintain and improve soil functions. The aim of this article is to give an impression of preliminary results of our study on characteristics of solid fermentation residues from different German biogas plants using organic waste material as main input substrate. A fundamental analysis shall reveal information such as material composition, nutrient and heavy metal concentration and impurity content. These characteristics are compared to existing data on composts and residues from organic waste treatment and will be evaluated in the context of organic amendment application. Y1 - 2014 UR - http://www.venicesymposium.it/symposium-proceedings.aspx PB - CISA Publisher CY - Padova ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Defining Point Zero of Pedogenesis - What About Pre-Industrial Land Use? T2 - 2014 GSA Annual Meeting in Vancouver, British Columbia (19-22 October 2014) Y1 - 2014 UR - https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2014AM/webprogram/Paper242021.html N1 - Paper No. 6-2 SP - S. 37 PB - Geological Society of America CY - Boulder, Colo. ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Takla, Melanie A1 - Rösler, Horst T1 - Pre-Industrial Charcoal Kilns in the Northern European Lowland - Hidden Land Use Structures Detected by LIDAR T2 - 2014 GSA Annual Meeting in Vancouver, British Columbia (19-22 October 2014) Y1 - 2014 UR - https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2014AM/webprogram/Paper242014.html N1 - Paper No. 29-24 PB - Geological Society of America CY - Boulder, Colo. ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas ED - Schwab, Markus J. ED - Theuerkauf, Martin ED - Brauer, Achim ED - Wilmking, Martin ED - Lampe, Reinhard T1 - Extending and simplifying the standard Köhn‐pipette technique for grain size analysis T2 - 3rd Annual ICLEA Workshop 2014, Dynamics of Climate and Landscape Evolution of Cultural Landscapes in the Northern Central European Lowlands since the Last Ice Age Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2312/GFZ.b103-14028 SP - 40 PB - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences CY - Potsdam ER - TY - THES A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena T1 - Detection and behavior of iron-cyanide complexes in soils of a former Manufactured Gas Plant site N2 - In Germany, soil and groundwater atmore than a thousand sites are contaminatedwith ironcyanide complexes. These contaminations originate from the gas purification p process that was conducted inManufactured Gas Plants (MGP).There is a risk of human threat depending on the stability dissolved iron-cyanide complexes due to the potential release of toxic free cyanide, CN(aq) and HCN(g), (aq). The aim of this thesis was to evaluate a new method for the cyanide detection and to investigate the stability and retardation of the iron-cyanide complexes in soils by batch and column experiments in order to improve the knowledge concerning the fate of cyanide compounds in soil and groundwater. This study seeks for enhancing the efficiency of phytoremediation as a proper approach to decontaminate ironcyanides complexes and thus tries to make a contribution to environmental protection. Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-40631 PB - BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg CY - Cottbus ER - TY - THES A1 - Schneider, Anna T1 - Spatial and temporal development of sediment mass balances during the initial phase of landform evolution in a small catchment Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-40621 PB - BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg CY - Cottbus ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schwab, Markus J. A1 - Brauer, Achim A1 - Błaszkiewicz, Mirosław A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Wilmking, Martin T1 - Bridging long proxy data time series and instrumental observation in the Virtual Institute of Integrated Climate and Landscape Evolution Analyses - ICLEA T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015 KW - long proxy data time series KW - instrumental observation Y1 - 2015 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2015/EGU2015-4703-2.pdf N1 - EGU2015-4703 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Wechler, Klaus-Peter T1 - Reconstructing spatial and temporal patterns of soil formation in an anthropogenic drift sand area in Northeastern Germany T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015 KW - spatial patterns KW - anthropogenic drift Y1 - 2015 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2015/EGU2015-3937.pdf N1 - EGU2015-3937 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Was ist eigentlich Geopedologie? T2 - Forschung & Lehre : alles was die Wissenschaft bewegt N2 - Die Geopedologie kann den Erd- und Umweltwissenschaften zugerechnet werden. Sie hat ihre Wurzeln in der Geomorphologie und der Bodenkunde. Hinzu kommen Aspekte der Geologie, der Mineralogie und Petrologie. Geforscht wird interdisziplinär. Y1 - 2015 SN - 0945-5604 VL - 22 IS - 8 SP - 646 EP - 647 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Byizigiro, Rutazuyaza Vaillant A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Maurer, Thomas T1 - Small-scale opencast mining: an important research field for anthropogenic geomorphology T2 - Die Erde N2 - Artisanal and small-scale mining (A&SM) is a growing economic sector in many third-world countries. This review focuses on anthropo-geomorphic factors and processes associated with small-scale opencast mining (SSOM), a form of A&SM in which near-surface ores are extracted by removing relatively thin covers of soil, bedrock or sediments. Being widespread and commonly conducted without proper planning and beyond the control of local authorities, this form of mining has potentially large impacts on landforms and landscape dynamics, often resulting in drastic consequences for the local environment and agriculture. SSOM should be regarded as a component of anthropogenic geomorphology because it involves the role of humans in creating landforms and modifying the operation of natural geomorphological processes, such as weathering, erosion, transport and deposition. By initiating new and modifying natural geomorphic processes, SSOM causes and/or accelerates geomorphic processes, resulting in various forms of land degradation. While the direct geomorphic impact of SSOM is in general easily discernible and leads to characteristic features, such as excavated pits and overburden spoil heaps, many secondary impacts are attributed to geomorphic processes triggered in the wake of the primary mining-induced landscape alterations. The magnitude of such secondary implications may well extend beyond the actual mining areas, but these effects have not been thoroughly addressed in the research so far. This review summarizes the known studies on the geomorphic impacts of SSOM operations and highlights common geomorphic processes and landforms associated with this type of anthropogenic activity, thus establishing a starting point for further in-depth research. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.12854/erde-146-21 VL - 146 IS - 4 SP - 213 EP - 231 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Fritsch, Simone A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Hydraulische Eigenschaften von Böden an historischen Holzkohlemeilerplätzen in Brandenburg T2 - Unsere Böden - unser Leben, Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, 2. - 10. September 2015, München Y1 - 2015 PB - Deutsche Bodenkundliche Gesellschaft CY - Göttingen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Human impact on late Quaternary landscapes in the Central Spanish Pyrenees T2 - AGU Meeting Abstract, 2011 Fall Meeting San Francisco 2011 Y1 - 2011 N1 - EP31D-0842 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Blaszkiewicz, Miroslaw A1 - Kordowski, Jarosław A1 - Noryskiewicz, Agnieszka M. A1 - Tyszkowski, Sebastian A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Late Quaternary geomorphodynamics and soil development in Wygonin (Poland) T2 - Tagungsband und Exkursionsführer, Arbeitskreis Geoarchäologie Jahrestagung 2013, 2. - 4.5.2013 BTU Cottbus Y1 - 2013 SP - S. 50 PB - Brandenburg Univ. of Technology CY - Cottbus ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hirsch, Florian ED - Wunderlich, J. ED - Houben, P. T1 - Quartäre Sedimente und Bodenbildung in den Aragonesischen Pyrenäen T2 - AK Geomorphologie, Jahrestagung 2010 in Frankfurt am Main/Schmitten Y1 - 2010 SP - S. 38 PB - Goethe Universität, Institut für Physische Geographie CY - Frankfurt am Main ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Stratigraphy and distribution of Late Quaternary sediments in the Aragon- and Gallego Valley (Aragonese Pyrenees, Spain) T2 - Quaternary International N2 - Within the scope of the research project post-LGM pedogenesis and geomorphodynamics in the Aragonese Pyrenees (Spain), funded by the DFG (Az RA 931/3-1), soils and sediments are used to reconstruct the Late Quaternary landscape formation. By employing multiple field and laboratory methods, several sediment facies (glacial, periglacial, fluvial and anthropogenic induced colluvial displacement) can be distinguished. Due to small scale horizontal and vertical distribution of the Quaternary sediments, the genetic differentiation is crucial for the dating of periglacial and glacial phases. The polygenetic sediment sequences indicate periods of post-glacial geomorphodynamic, probably induced by changing climatic or anthropogenic influences. The glacial sediments are preserved as lateral and terminal moraines. Due to the arrangement of the moraines, several Pleistocene glacial advances can be recognized. Cold climate conditions led to the formation of periglacial slope deposits which are classified as lower and upper heads in accordance to findings from Central Europe (Raab & Völkel 2003, Raab et al. 2010). Although lower heads are restricted to the Pleistocene extraglacial landscape, upper heads can be located in the Pleistocene extraglacial and glacial landscape. Upper heads are characterized by a high amount of silt, which is interpreted as the result of an aeolian admixture. The aeolian component is not limited to the upper head but can also be found as loess deposit on glaciofluvial and fluvial terraces. Due to the characteristically low inclination of the terraces the aeolian cover was only sparsely affected by erosion. On the other hand, on steeper slopes, intensive land use results in residual shallow sediment cover above the bedrock in the upper slopes and deep colluvial layers on the foot slopes and valley bottoms. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2012.08.370 N1 - XVIII INQUA Congress, 21st–27th July, 2011, Bern, Switzerland VL - 279-280 SP - S. 202 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas ED - Wunderlich, J. ED - Houben, P. T1 - Sedimentologische Untersuchungen zur quartären Landschaftsgeschichte in den Aragonesischen Pyrenäen T2 - AK Geomorphologie, Jahrestagung 2010 in Frankfurt am Main/Schmitten Y1 - 2010 SP - S. 19 PB - Goethe Universität, Institut für Physische Geographie CY - Frankfurt am Main ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Turu, Valenti A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Pena-Monne, J. L. A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Ros, X. A1 - Marti-Bono, Carlos A1 - Constante-Orrios, A. ED - Turu, Valenti ED - Constante, Ana T1 - Prospeccion geofisica y geomecanica de la ribera de Biescas (pirineos centrales): estructura del relleno sedimentario del fondo del valle y los sedimentos de vertiente T2 - Resums XIII Reunio Nacional de Quaternari, AEQUA, Andorra 2011 Y1 - 2011 SN - 978-99920-1-861-3 SN - 978-99920-1-860-6 SP - 81 EP - 83 PB - Imp. Envalira [u.a.] CY - Andorra la Vella ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas ED - Völkel, Jörg T1 - Post-LGM-zeitliche Pedogenese und Geomorphodynamik in den Spanischen Zentralpyrenäen T2 - Jahrestagung 2012, 10. - 13. Oktober 2012 in München/Campus Weihenstephan, Deutscher Arbeitskreis für Geomorphologie, Tagungsband zur Critical Zone-Forschung Y1 - 2012 SP - S. 26 PB - München CY - Technische Universität ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Błaszkiewicz, Mirosław A1 - Kordowski, Jarosław A1 - Noryskiewicz, Agnieszka M. A1 - Tyszkowski, Sebastian A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas ED - Bork, Hans-Rudolf ED - Dreibrodt, Stefan ED - Duttmann, Rainer ED - Unkel, Ingmar T1 - Spätquartäre Landschaftsentwicklung seit der Pommerschen Phase in Wygonin (Nordpolen) T2 - Jahrestagung des AK Geomorphologie in Kiel 2014 Y1 - 2014 SP - S. 66 PB - Christian-Albrechts-Universität CY - Kiel ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Reliktische Bodenbildung in den Spanischen Zentralpyrenäen als Hinweis auf spätquartäre Klimawechsel T2 - Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, Berlin, Potsdam Y1 - 2011 PB - Deutsche Bodenkundliche Gesellschaft CY - Göttingen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas ED - Sauer, Daniela ED - Jahn, Reinhold ED - Stahr, Karl T1 - Soil formation on Late Quaternary sediments in the Central Pyrenees (Spain) T2 - Landscapes and soils through time, proceedings, Hohenheim, July 28th – August 01th, 2011 Y1 - 2011 SP - 4 EP - 5 CY - Hohenheim ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Distribution, formation and chronology of Late Quaternary sediments in the Central Spanish Pyrenees T2 - 8th International Conference (IAG) on Geomorphology, IAG, Paris, 27 - 31 August 2013, abstract volume Y1 - 2013 SP - S. 342 PB - International Association of Geomorphologists CY - Paris ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Micromorphology and macrofabrics of Late Quaternary sediments in the Aragonese Pyrenees, Spain T2 - 8th International Conference (IAG) on Geomorphology, IAG, Paris, 27 - 31 August 2013, abstract volume N2 - Within the scope of the research project Post-LGM pedogenesis and geomorphodynamics in the Aragonese Pyrenees we used a combination of field and laboratory methods to differentiate and classify Late Quaternary sediments. Our analyses indicate no post sedimentary erosion of the LGM lateral moraines in the Aragon and Gallego valley. Precipitation of calcium carbonate led to the fixation of the diamictons and thus stabilized the glacial landforms. Clasts in the glacial sediments are orientated parallel to the Pleistocene glacial flow direction and therefore underpin the stability of the glacial deposits during paraglacial times. Grain size analyses and OSL ages indicate the covering of glacial sediments by an eolian deposit before the onset of the Holocene. Y1 - 2013 SP - S. 1018 PB - International Association of Geomorphologists CY - Paris ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dietrich, Nils A1 - Knoop, Christine A1 - Krümmelbein, Julia A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Einfluss der Ausbringung von aufbereiteten Gärrückständen aus der Bioabfallvergärung auf bodenphysikalische Eigenschaften T2 - DBG Jahrestagung 2015, München, 7.-11. September 2015 N2 - In Deutschland fallen jährlich ca. 13 Mio t Bioabfall an. Im Zuge der Novellierung des EEG 2014 erfolgte eine Aufhebung aller Sondervergütungen. Da zukünftig keine erhöhten, einsatzstoffbezogenen Vergütungen (z. B. für Mais, Zuckerrüben und Getreide) mehr vorgesehen sind, wird sich der Ausbau der Biomasse auf den Einsatz von Reststoffen (z. B. Gülle und Abfallstoffe) konzentrieren . Aus diesem Grund ist mit einer verstärkten Zunahme von Gärrückständen aus Bioabfällen zu rechnen. Im Rahmen des vom BMBF geförderten VeNGA-Projektes Grundlagenuntersuchungen zur Verwertung und Nährstoffnutzung der boden- und pflanzenbezogenen Wirkung von Gärrückständen aus der Abfallvergärung, erfolgt die genaue Charakterisierung unterschiedlicher Gärrestprodukte und Aufbereitungsverfahren hinsichtlich ihrer bodenphysikalischen Wirkung und ihrer Effekte auf Wachstum und Entwicklung von landwirtschaftlichen Kulturen. In dem Projekt werden Gärprodukte aus zwei Laboranlagen und einer Technikumsanlage mittels vier Verfahren aufbereitet und in Gefäßversuchen und einem dreijährigen Feldversuch hinsichtlich ihrer langfristigen boden- und pflanzenbezogenen Wirkung untersucht. Die unterschiedliche Aufbereitung der Gärreste erfolgt nach der Kompostierung aus demselben Material, in Form von Rollpellets, Presspellets, zerfasertem Kompost und einer Referenzvariante aus gesiebtem Kompost. Bei den unter kontrollierten Bedingungen im Gewächshaus durchgeführten viermonatigen Gefäßversuchen wurden die Gärprodukte unter Sommerweizen und im Feldversuch unter Hirse, Senf und Grünroggen getestet. Erste Ergebnisse nach dem ersten Versuchsjahr zeigen sowohl für die Gefäßversuche als auch im Freilandversuch einen positiven Effekt für die Rollpellets auf den Biomasseertrag im Vergleich zu den anderen Aufbereitungsvarianten. Aufgrund des gleichen Ausgangsmaterials der verschiedenen Varianten deutet der Mehrertrag bei der Applikation der Rollpellets auf eine positive bodenphysikalische Wirkung und verbesserte Porenverhältnissen, die mit einer Steigerung des Wasserhaltevermögens einhergeht, hin. Des Weiteren besitzen die Rollpellets im Vergleich zu den anderen getesteten Varianten gute Lager-, Transport- und Applikationseigenschaften. Auch konnte in Rhizotronenversuch gezeigt werden, dass die verschieden Gärrestprodukte unterschiedliche Einflüsse auf das Wurzelwachstum von Sommerweizen besitzen. Y1 - 2015 UR - http://www-docs.tu-cottbus.de/geopedologie/public/Venga/Dietrich_2015_DBG.pdf ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Knoop, Christine A1 - Dietrich, Nils A1 - Heinrich, Martina A1 - Krümmelbein, Julia A1 - Dornack, Christina A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Aufbereitung von Bioabfall-Gärresten zur Nutzung als Bodenverbesserer T2 - Tagungsband, 10. Biogastagung - Anaerobe Biologische Abfallbehandlung, 29.-30. Semtember 2015, Dresden N2 - Mit der Implementierung des Kreislaufwirtschaftsgesetzes (KrWG) im Jahr 2012 hat sich die Bundesregierung gesetzlich auf eine getrennte Erfassung von Bioabfällen in privaten Haushalten ab Januar 2015 festgelegt. Bioabfälle werden in Deutschland bereits in über 100 Biogasanlagen eingesetzt und könnten in Zukunft verstärkt als Gärsubstrat genutzt werden. Die nach der Vergärung verbleibenden organischen Rückstände sollen im Sinne der Kreislaufwirtschaft als organischer Bodenverbesserer auf landwirtschaftliche Flächen rückgeführt werden. Im Rahmen des VeNGA-Projektes (Grundlagenuntersuchungen zur Verwertung und Nährstoffnutzung sowie der boden- und pflanzenbezogenen Wirkung von Gärrückständen aus der Abfallvergärung) am Lehrstuhl Geopedologie und Landschaftsentwicklung der Brandenburgischen Technischen Universität Cottbus-Senftenberg (BTU) in Zusammenarbeit mit der Firma Grossmann Ingenieur Consult Dresden (GICON) und dem Institut für Stadtökologische Projekte Berlin (IASP) sollen Aufbereitungsmöglichkeiten für Rückstände aus der Bioabfallvergärung untersucht werden. Im Fokus steht dabei der Einfluss der Substratbehandlung während des Biogas- und Aufbereitungsprozesses auf die Eigenschaften der entstehenden Düngeprodukte. Die Untersuchungen werden sowohl im Labor als auch im Technikum durchgeführt. Die Charakterisierung der festen Gärrückstände aus der Bioabfallvergärung hat gezeigt, dass diese ein ähnliches Nährstoffpotential wie Gründünger oder Frischkompost besitzen. Durch den organischen Abbau während der Vergärung kommt es zur Aufkonzentration von Nährstoffen und Schwermetallen in der festen Phase. Der Stickstoff liegt zu durchschnittlich 25 % in Form von pflanzenverfügbarem Ammoni-um vor. Während der Aufbereitung ist jedoch eine Teiltrocknung der Gärrückstände unumgänglich, was zunächst zum Stickstoffverlust führt. Es ist also von einer geringen Stickstoffverfügbarkeit in den festen Gärprodukten auszugehen. Der Einsatz der aufbereiteten Gärprodukte in Topfexperimenten und im Feldversuch hat gezeigt, dass die Ausbringung in Kombination mit Mineraldüngung zu einem erhöhten Biomasseertrag führt. Dies lässt eine positive Wirkung der Gärprodukte auf die Bodeneigenschaften schlussfolgern. Feste Gärrückstände können bei Erfüllung der Kriterien nach BioAbfV als organischer Bodenverbesserer eingesetzt werden. Eine Aufbereitung ist hierfür in den meisten Fällen notwendig. Dies gilt insbesondere für Substrate, die vor der Vergärung keiner Störstoffabscheidung unterzogen werden. Das zweistufige Fest-Flüssig-Verfahren, welches für die Untersuchungen angewendet wird, hat den Vorteil besonders unanfällig gegenüber Störstoffen zu sein. Der Störstoffgehalt im Gärrückstand ist dadurch vergleichsweise höher als bei anderen Verfahren, was einen größeren Aufbereitungsaufwand nach sich zieht. Y1 - 2015 SP - 177 EP - 186 PB - Forum für Abfallwirtschaft und Altlasten e.V. CY - Pirna ER - TY - THES A1 - Hirsch, Florian T1 - Post-LGM-zeitliche Pedogenese und Geomorphodynamik in den spanischen Zentralpyrenäen N2 - Obwohl die pleistozänen Vereisungen bereits lange Gegenstand geowissenschaftlicher Forschung und die terrestrischen Archive für jüngere Glaziale besser erhalten sind als für ältere Glaziale, wird das jüngste Glazial bezüglich Ausmaß und Chronologie kontrovers diskutiert. Für die spanischen Zentralpyrenäen wird derzeit, wie auch für andere Vergletscherungsge- biete während des Spätpleistozäns, eine zum globalen letzten glazialen Maximum (gLGM) frühere und damit asynchrone Vereisung angenommen. Bemerkenswerterweise sind die Gletschervorstöße in den östlichen Pyrenäen ebenso wie die Vergletscherung der Alpen, der Britische Eisschild und der Skandinavische Eisschild synchron zum gLGM. Aufgrund der zeitlichen Differenz von 10 ka bis 30 ka vor dem gLGM ist in den spanischen Zentralpyre- näen eine im Vergleich zu den gLGM-zeitlich geprägten Vergletscherungsgebieten differen- zierte Geomorphodynamik und Bodenbildung zu erwarten. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die Darstellung der spätquartären Bodenentwicklung und Geomorphodynamik in zwei benachbarten Tälern der spanischen Zentralpyrenäen, die beide von gLGM-asynchronen Gletschervorstößen geprägt wurden. Die Untersuchungen wurden mittels einer Kombinati- on sedimentologischer und bodenkundlicher Methoden durchgeführt, um neben der Iden- tifikation der Sedimentfazies die pedogene Entwicklung darzustellen. Die chronologische Einordnung der Befunde erfolgte mittels 15 optisch stimulierter Lumineszenzdatierungen (OSL-Datierungen) und einer 14C-Datierung. Die Ergebnisse belegen eine prozessual sehr ähnliche Landschaftsentwicklung wie in den mitteleuropäischen Glazial- und Periglazialgebieten. Zwar konnten in der vorliegenden Arbeit keine rißzeitlichen Sedimente datiert werden, die intensive Lessivierung auf den als rißzeitlich beschriebenen lössbedeckten Terrassen wird aber auf die Entwicklung einer Parabraunerde während des letzten Interglazials zurückgeführt. Mit dem Würm beginnt sowohl im Glazialraum als auch im Extraglazialraum eine Phase aktiver Geomorphodynamik. Für den Periglazialbereich können Lössanwehung um 61 +/- 4 ka (Risø-Nr. 105018) und Solifluktion um 55 +/- 5 ka (Risø-Nr. 105016) nachgewiesen werden. Die über glazialen Sedimenten hangenden und von Solifluktion und Lösseintrag geprägten Hauptlagen wurden zwischen 14,4 +/- 1,2 ka (Risø-Nr. 105019) bis 10,6 +/- 0,8 ka (Risø-Nr. 125027) gebildet. In den rezent von Lessivierung gekennzeichneten Hauptlagen wurden bei den mikromorpholo- gischen Untersuchungen keine Pedorelikte einer früheren Bodenbildung gefunden. Dies weist unter Berücksichtigung der Altersdifferenz von etwa 20 ka zwischen den hier datierten Hauptlagen und dem bisher angenommenen Alter des letzten Gletschervorstoßes um 35 ka entweder auf eine markante Stabilität der Landschaft ohne jegliche Bodenentwicklung über einen Zeitraum von 20 ka oder auf eine massive Erosion vor 14,4 ka. Zwar konnte in der vorliegenden Arbeit der Zeitpunkt des lokalen letzten glazialen Maximums (lLGM) nicht direkt mittels Datierungen belegt bzw. widerlegt werden, da die mit dem lLGM assoziierten Sedimente und Reliefformen kein geeignetes Material zur Datierung enthielten. Aufgrund der methodisch problematischen OSL-Datierungen, auf denen die Asynchronitätstheorie basiert, muss die gLGM-asynchrone Chronologie der spanischen Zentralpyrenäen stark angezweifelt werden. Diese Schlussfolgerung wird untermauert durch die in der jüngsten Literatur mehrfach beschriebenen maximalen Gletschervorstöße in den östlichen Pyrenäen, die zum gLGM-synchrone Alter aufweisen, und in Anbetracht der Befunde aus der vorliegenden Arbeit. Mit Ausnahme einzelner Erosionsereignisse um 7,8 +/- 0,7 ka (Risø-Nr. 105013) und 5,8 +/- 0,3 ka (Risø-Nr. 125029) sind aufgrund der mit dem Holozän abnehmenden Geomorphodynamik der Löss und die Hauptlagen von Lessivierung und Verbraunung bzw. Rubefizierung geprägt. Die ersten anthropogenen Eingriffe in die Bodenlandschaft sind ab 3,0 +/- 0,2 ka (Risø-Nr. 105017) erkennbar, diese Veränderungen sind aber auf Gunststandorte wie die mit Löss bedeckten Terrassen beschränkt. Ab 0,85 +/- 0,05 ka (Risø-Nr. 105011) erfolgt eine intensivere und großflächigere Reliefveränderung, die mit der mittelalterlichen Transhumanz assoziiert wird. Initiale Böden in oberflächlich anstehenden primärcarbonathaltigen Substraten und verkürzte Bodenprofile sowie korrelate Sedimente der Bodenerosion belegen die weit verbreitete anthropogen verursachte Landschaftsentwicklung. Die rezente Pedogenese ist in den teilweise carbonatfreien Substraten von Lessivierung und Verbraunung bzw. Rubefizierung gekennzeichnet. Die mikromorphologischen Untersuchungen und die Korngrößenanalysen belegen, dass bei der Lessivierung vor allem Feinton und zweitrangig Mittelton verlagert wird. Die Tonverlagerung greift in den Profilen über die Schichtgrenze in die liegenden primärcarbonathaltigen Substrate über. Die Tonverlagerung konnte mit dem hier verwendeten kombinierten Verfahren aus Nasssiebung und Röntgenabsorption, bei dem die Subfraktionen des Tons quantitativ erfasst werden, innerhalb der Profile dargestellt werden. Die rötliche Bodenfarbe (2,5 YR und 5 YR) und die mikromorphologisch vorgefundenen kirschroten und rhomboedrischen oder traubigen Kristalle weisen auf die Präsenz von Hämatit. Vor allem in den über den fluvialen Sedimenten hangenden Lössen sind rubefizierte Böden entwickelt, die Rubefizierung ist im Untersuchungsgebiet auf den Terrassen am ausgeprägtesten und nimmt mit zunehmender Höhe der Standorte ab. Die Rubefizierung findet auf den spätpleistozänen Sedimenten, ähnlich wie in Mitteleuropa, im Holozän statt. Die vorliegenden Befunde stellen die Aktualität der Deutschen Bodensystematik hinsichtlich der Rubefizierung und der Genese der Terra Rossa infrage. Aufgrund primärcarbonathaltiger Ausgangssubstrate sind die Böden im Untersuchungsgebiet meist nur in den obersten Dezimetern entcarbonatisiert oder enthalten trotz der fortgeschrittenen Verbraunung oder Rubefizierung verschiedenartige Calcitkristalle. Während die Calcitkrusten an der Unterseite von Steinen wegen der pallisadenartigen Anordnung und der Morphologie der Calcitkristalle mit einer kryogen induzierten Ausfällung von Calcit aus calciumhydrogencarbonathaltigen Lösungen assoziiert werden, weisen Rhizolithe, calcified root cells und nadelförmiger Calcit auf eine biogene Carbonatdynamik. Kristalle aus Calciumoxalat in lebenden und abgestorbenen Feinwurzeln belegen ebenfalls die biotische Komponente und deuten mit den röntgendiffraktometrisch vorgefundenen Illiten und Vermikuliten auf die oft vernachlässigten Wechselwirkungen des Systems Pflanze-Boden. Der abiogenen und deszendenten Carbonatverlagerung wirkt in den Böden im Untersuchungsgebiet eine biogene aszendente Carbonatverlagerung entgegen. KW - Landschaftsentwicklung KW - Pyrenäen KW - Spätquartär KW - Bodenentwicklung KW - Lessivierung KW - Rubefizierung KW - Mikromorphologie KW - Datierung KW - Sekundärcarbonat Y1 - 2016 CY - Cottbus ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Wechler, Klaus-Peter T1 - Late Holocene eolian fossilization of Podzols in Northeastern Germany T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria N2 - The North European lowland has been formed by glacial and periglacial processes in the Late Pleistocene. Multiple reshaping since the Late Glacial considerably changed the landscape up to and including especially historic times. Sediment sequences and (fossilized) soils can improve our understanding of Late Quaternary landscape development, but mapping of buried soils and surfaces is often limited to single outcrops. Ongoing archaeological rescue excavations in the pre-field of the open-cast mine Cottbus-Nord (northeastern Germany) with dense excavation trenches in an about 10 ha dune and drift sand area reveal multilayered sediment sequences with fossilized soils and sediments from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene. Archaeological findings ranging from Mesolithic flint stones to an about 200 year old ceramics in eolian sediments covering plow horizons and wheel tracks suggest that eolian relocation of sandy material was intensive about 200 years ago. Still unpublished OSL dating underline the intense eolian activity. Recent studies showed that between the 15Th to the 19Th century an iron smelter 5 km to the west of our study site was supplied with charcoal, which was produced in a forest 5 km east to our study site. Our current findings about Late Holocene eolian activity raise the question if this eolian reshaping of the landscape is connected with the operation of the iron smelter either directly by transport or bog iron ore winning or indirectly by population pressure caused by the prospering iron smelter. Our ongoing research indicates, that already for historic land-use off-site effects causing further landscape changes have to be considered. Y1 - 2016 N1 - EGU2016-5754-1 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Ouimet, William A1 - Dethier, David T1 - Soil stratigraphy of charcoal kiln remains (CKR) in the Litchfield Hills, CT, USA T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria N2 - Charcoal kiln relicts (CKRs) are small anthropogenic landforms that are often found in historic mining areas. CKRs have not been a big research topic yet but mainly were studied as by-products of archaeological excavations. In the last years newly available and very accurate Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) based on high-resolution Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) data have been used to identify these archaeological remains. In addition, findings of several thousands CKRs in the North German Lowland have increased the awareness that historical charcoal production may significantly contribute to Late Holocene landscape change. Besides the archaeological aspect of CKRs, potential impacts of charcoal burning on the ecology of modern soil landscapes and ecosystem processes must be considered. A relatively high density of CKRs is found in the Litchfield Hills nearby the town of West Cornwall, Litchfield County, CT, USA. The CKRs are especially well preserved on slopes of the tributary valleys of the Housatonic River and form little, circular ramparts with diameters normally less than ten meters. First, rough field surveys in Litchfield County in spring 2015 have suggested differences between soils inside and outside the CKR. Soils on the CKR seem to have relatively deep humus-rich and charcoal containing topsoils whereas the topsoils outside the CKR appear typically thinner and less rich in humus. More thorough investigations have been started in autumn 2015 to prove the hypothesis that properties, distribution and development of soils are controlled by archaeological remains of historical charcoal burning. We present preliminary results from our field studies conducted in October 2015. The stratigraphy and the extent of the 26 CKRs were studied using a sedimentological-pedological approach by coring and trenching. Our results indicate that in Litchfield County the CKRs were used twice and in quick succession. Before the second reuse, the rim of the platform was stabilized with boulders. The black topsoils on the CKRs contain residual charcoal and the topsoils are thicker compared to the soil sequences outside of the CKRs. Y1 - 2016 N1 - EGU2016-3477 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Missing evidence for the LGM-asynchronity in the Central Spanish Pyrenees in geomorphological, sedimentological and pedological archives T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria N2 - According to the state of knowledge, the glacial advances in the Eastern Pyrenees were synchronous with the global LGM during the Late Pleistocene (MIS 2), but the glacial advances in the Central Spanish Pyrenees at MIS 3 were asynchron with the global LGM. Whereas in the Eastern Pyrenees the glacial advances are dated in several well agreeing studies by surface exposure dating of boulders from lateral or terminal moraines, the asynchronity of the Central Spanish Pyrenees was postulated mainly by OSL dating on glacial and fluvial sediments and on radiocarbon dating of pollen from lacustrine deposits. The time difference of about 15 ka raises the question if this is a result of (local) climate factors or owed to failures caused by using several dating techniques on different archives. Anyway, if this time lag is correct, post-LGM formation of soils and sediments from the Late Pleistocene should be different between the Eastern Pyrenees and the Central Spanish Pyrenees. We therefore applied a combined approach of geomorphological, sedimentological and pedological investigations to reconstruct the Late Quaternary landscape development in the Aragon- and Gallego Valley of the Central Spanish Pyrenees. Our study reveals that in both valleys the Pre-Holocene geomorphodynamics on the lateglacial deposits show clear analogies with findings from Pleistocene periglacial landscapes in Central Europe. For MIS 4 and early MIS 3 periglacial processes are proven by loess deposition and formation of solifluction sediments. The glacial sediments, which were dated in earlier studies into mid MIS 3 and counted so far as prove for the asynchronous LGM of the Central Spanish Pyrenees, are covered by periglacial deposits of lateglacial age (14 ka to 11 ka). Surprisingly neither the glacial sediments have pedogenic features that indicate lateglacial soil development, nor do the periglacial deposits show indications for lateglacial soil erosion. Therefore we conclude that soil formation began after the sedimentation of the periglacial deposits, either implying a striking timeframe of more than 15 ka with a stable landscape without any pedogenesis, or the untenability of the MIS 3 age of the glacial sediments. Because we can clearly differentiate further phases of geomorphodynamics during the Holocene with truncated soil profiles and the correlate sediments of soil erosion next to undisturbed soils in periglacial sediments with a lateglacial age, we challenge the thesis of an asynchronous LGM in the Central Spanish Pyrenees and advocate a synchronous LGM in the Gallego- and Aragon valley analog to the Eastern Pyrenees. Y1 - 2016 N1 - EGU2016-5788 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - THES A1 - Byizigiro, Rutazuyaza Vaillant T1 - Geomorphic processes associated with Small-Scale Opencast Mining and mitigation measures: case study of the Gatumba Mining District in the Western Highlands of Rwanda T1 - Geomorphologische Prozesse in Zusammenhang mit kleinskaligem Tagebau und Mitigationsmaßnahmen: Fallstudie des Gatumba- Bergbaugebiets im westlichen Hochland von Ruanda N2 - Diese Arbeit behandelt geomorphologische Prozesse, die im Zusammenhang mit kleinräumigen Tagebauen (Small-Scale Opencast Mining) in der Gatumba-Region des westlichen Hochlands von Ruanda auftreten. In diesem Gebiet fand jahrzehntelanger Zinn- und Tantalabbau statt, der das Einkommen und den Lebensstandard der Bevölkerung erhöht hat. Obwohl im Bereich der Bodenerosionsforschung viel unternommen und erreicht wurde, und trotz des aus dem Bergbau in Ruanda und Gatumba kommenden enormen Reichtums, wurden dessen negative Auswirkungen auf die Umwelt sowohl von Bergbautreibenden als auch anderen Interessengruppen ignoriert und von der Forschung weitgehend vernachlässigt. Dieser Zustand hat sich verfestigt, da es für die Akteure in der Region keine verbindlichen Regelungen hinsichtlich Erfassung von Auswirkungen des Bergbaus und Wiederherstellungsmaßnahmen gibt. Erst kürzlich, im Jahr 2007, hat die Wiederherstellung der Bergbaugebiete größere Aufmerksamkeit seitens der Ruandischen Geologie- und Bergbaubehörde erhalten. Das Ziel der Forschungsarbeiten war es, die geomorphologischen Auswirkungen von kleinräumigen Tagebauen abzuschätzen und besser zu verstehen. In diesem Zusammenhang wurden die folgenden Aspekte, die die Art und räumliche Verteilung von geomorphologischen Prozessen charakterisieren, erfasst: (i) Untersuchung der Landschaftsformen, die für SSOM kennzeichnend sind, (ii) Kartierung der Einzugsgebiets-Morphometrie im Untersuchungsgebiet, (iii) Analyse der relevantesten Bodeneigenschaften hinsichtlich der Geomorphologie, und (iv) Abschätzung der potentiellen Bodendegradation im Untersuchungsgebiet. Primäre und sekundäre Daten wurden bei Regierungsbehörden und durch eigene Beobachtungen zusammengestellt. Literaturrecherche, Feldbeobachtungen und-experimente, Laboranalysen, Kartierung und Modellierung mittels RUSLE wurden kombiniert um einen praktischen und integrativen methodischen Ansatz für das Erreichen der Zielstellungen zu entwickeln. Die Grundidee bei diesem analytischen Ansatz ist, dass die mit dem Bergbau assoziierten physikalischen Prozesse nicht durch nur eine einzige Methode erfasst werden können. In einem ersten Schritt wurden geeignete Tagebaue für die Erfassung geomorphologischer Prozesse bestimmt. Innerhalb der zwei untersuchten Tagebaue (Ruhanga und Gatare) wurden anhand der nachbergbaulichen Landnutzung verschiedene Untersuchungsflächen identifiziert, um den Grad der Boden- und Landschaftsdegradierung anhand des Vergleichs mit Kontrollstandorten außerhalb des bergbaulichen Einflusses zu untersuchen. Modellierung mit RUSLE über ein ArcGIS-Interface ermöglichte die Quantifizierung des Bodenabtragspotentials innerhalb der Tagebaue und des Einzugsgebiets Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die direkten Prozesse, die mit tagebaulichem Bergbau verbunden sind, üblicherweise die Anlage von Gruben und Gräben umfassen. Indirekte und weniger augenfällige Prozesse treten als langfristige Konsequenz des Bergbaus auf. Sie umfassen die Verringerung der organischen Substanz, Verdichtung oder Auflockerung von Bodenpartikeln an Bergbaustandorten, die meist mit einem niedrigen Gehalt an OS einhergeht, niedrige Gehalte an stabilen Bodenaggregaten, und oftmals hohen Lagerungsdichten, die variabel innerhalb der Bergbaustandorte verteilt sind. Dies könnte die Beschränkung oder Absenkung, oder die schnelle Infiltration von Wasser in den Boden während der Feldexperimente erklären, möglicherweise als Konsequenz der Porenversiegelung oder der Rissbildung um Minenschächte, von denen aus Rutschungen oder Grundbrüche entstehen. Die organischen Substanz-Gehalte reichen von 1 bis 2,5% an den Kontrollstandorten und landwirtschaftlich genutzten ehemaligen Bergbaustandorten. OS-Gehalte an wiederhergestellten Standorten waren in derselben Größenordnung wie die Kontrollstandorte und die landwirtschaftlich genutzten ehemaligen Bergbaustandorte. Die sich selbst erholenden Standorte im ehemaligen Tagebau weisen weit niedrigere organischen Substanz-Gehalte auf, die generell 2 % nicht überschreiten. Die Rate der Bodenaggregatbildung reicht von sehr gering (8 %) bis gering (≤13,5 %). Die Lagerungsdichten reichen von 1,29 bis 1,59 g cm-3, und können lokal bis 1,76 g cm-3 erreichen. Als Konsequenz ändert sich auch die Gesamtporosität lokal. Die Anwendung von Korrelations- und multiplen Regressionsmodellen ergab einen starken Einfluss der organischen Substanz auf die Lagerungsdichten. Infiltrationsexperimente, die an Proben der verschiedenen Versuchsstandorte durchgeführt wurden, zeigten Unterschiede sowohl bei der Wasseraufnahmerate als auch bei den Infiltrationskurven. Infiltrationskurven sind variabel über die Untersuchungsstandorte verteilt. Sie reichen von sehr langsam (3,8 mm h-1) bis schnell (111,2 mm h-1). Die Versuche zu den Atterberg’schen Grenzen zeigen, dass die Böden des Gatumba-Bergbaudistrikts keine extremen Eigenschaften aufweisen und für technische Maßnahmen geeignet sind. Die Fließgrenze liegt zwischen 26 % und 51 %, wohingegen die Ausrollgrenze Werte zwischen 18 % und 22 % umfasst. Die höchste gemessene Ausrollgrenze war 29 %, und dieser Boden wies eine Plastizitätszahl von 6 % auf. Der durchschnittliche Bodenabtrag im Gatumba Einzugsgebiet beträgt 27,45 t ha-1 a-1 mit einer Standardabweichung von 0,891. Mehr als 65 % des Landes sind anfällig für hohe Bodenabtragsraten (mehr als 10 t ha-1 a-1), und eine steigende Bodenerosion folgt steigenden Hangneigungen und Landnutzungsmustern. Die Höchstwerte der Bodenabtragungsraten finden sich jeweils im Oberen Kibilira, Kirombozi und Gisuma-Einzugsgebiet. Auf Grundlage verschiedener Szenarien, die zur Quantifizierung der Bodenerosionsraten angewendet wurden, zeigte sich, dass mit höheren organischen Substanz-Gehalten (2 % bis >2 %) und mit verbesserten Anbaupraktiken (Kontur-, Streifen-, Terrassenanbau) die Bodenerosionsraten linear in der Größenordnung von 17,8 bis 18,8 t ha-1 a-1 verringern. Um kleinräumigen Tagebauen umweltverträglicher zu gestalten bedarf es der Entwicklung integrierter Methoden und interdisziplinärer Ansätze die die Umweltfolgen von Bergbauoperationen reduzieren und Bergbaustandorte in einem nutzungsfähigen Zustand hinterlassen. Praktiken wie die Trennung von Boden und Gesteinsaushub, die Stabilisierung von Hängen und die Verbesserung von Wiederherstellungsstandorten sollten größte Berücksichtigung beim Rehabilitationsprozess betroffener Standorte finden. N2 - This thesis deals with geomorphic processes associated with Small-Scale Opencast Mining (SSOM) in the Gatumba sector of the Western Highlands of Rwanda. In this area tin and tantalum mining was carried out for decades, and it has brought about increase in the wealth and standard of living of the people. Though a lot has been done and achieved in soil erosion research, and despite the enormous wealth coming from mining in Rwanda and Gatumba sector in particular, the negative environmental impacts resulting from mining activities were overlooked by miners and stakeholders and are scarcely addressed in the research yet. This trend was bound to last since there were no valid guidelines for assessing impacts and reclamation of mine sites for the operators in the sector. It was recently, in 2007, that restoration of mining areas has received great attention from the Rwanda Geology and Mine Authority. The objective of the research was to assess and to increase the understanding of geomorphic impact produced by SSOM. In this regards, the following aspects which indicate the types and spatial distribution of geomorphic processes were measured: (i) investigate the landforms typical of SSOM, (ii) map the watershed morphometry of the study area, (iii) analyse the most relevant properties of soils in term of geomorphology, and (iv) to assess the soil loss potential in the study area. Primary and secondary data were collected from Government agencies and personal observations. Desk study to review papers and relevant literatures, field observation and experiments, laboratory analyses, mapping and modelling using RUSLE were combined together to develop a practical and integrated methodological approach to effect and realize the objectives. The argument guiding this analytical approach is that physical processes produced by mining cannot be assessed through a single method. The first step mainly concentrated on defining mining sites suitable for assessing geomorphic processes. Within the two studied mines, namely Ruhanga and Gatare, different plots were identified based on the post-mining land uses, to investigate the level of soil and landscape degradation by comparing them with that of control sites located outside of mining influence. Modelling using RUSLE in GIS interface enabled to quantify soil loss potential within the mines and the watershed. Results indicate that the direct processes associated with opencast mining commonly involve pitting and trenching. Indirect and less conspicuous processes emerge as a long-term consequence of mining. They include depletion of organic matter, compaction or loosening of soil particles in mine sites mostly reflected by low content in organic matter, low rating in soil stable aggregates, and often high soil bulk densities which are variably distributed within the mine sites. This could explain the restriction or lowering, or the rapid infiltration of water into the soil during field experiments, as a consequence probably of the sealing of soil pores or the formation of fissures around mine shafts, from which slides or slumps occur. In average, soil organic matter comprises between 1 and 2.5 % on control sites and ex-mine cultivated sites. organic matter content of soils on reclamation sites was in the same ranges with that of control and ex-mine cultivated sites, but could reach 4,8 % in topsoil of some sample locations. The ex-mine self-recovering sites present much lower organic matter content which doesn’t exceed 2 % in general. The soil aggregation rating of the area is from very low (8%) to low (≤13.5 %). In general, the bulk density ranges between 1.29 to 1.56 g cm-3, and locally can attain 1.76 g cm-3. As a consequence, the total porosity changes locally. Application of correlation and multiple regression models showed a strong influence of soil organic matter on the bulk density. Infiltration tests performed on different experimental sites showed differences of rates in water intake rates as in infiltration curves as well. Infiltration rates are variably distributed over the mines. They range from very slow (3.8 mmhr-1) to rapid (111.18 mm hr-1). Atterberg Limits analyses showed that soils of Gatumba Mining District do not possess extreme properties and they are suitable for engineering purposes. The liquid limit ranges between 51 % and 26 %, whereas the plastic limit is comprised between 22 % and 18 %. The highest plastic index (PI) determined was 29 % and the later soil had a plastic index of 6 %. The average soil loss in the Gatumba watershed is 27.45 t ha-1 yr-1 with a standard deviation of 0.891. More than 65% of land are prone to high rates of soil loss (exceeding 10 t ha-1 yr-1), and an increasing soil erosion follows increasing slope and land use patterns. The maxima of soil erosion rates are found in Upper Kibilira, Kirombozi and Gisuma catchments respectively. Based on different scenarios applied to quantify soil erosion rates, we found that more the organic matter content from 0. 5%, 2% and >2%) is increased with better support practice (from contour, strip and terrace), more the soil erosion potentials are decreased linearly, in the order of 18.8 to 17.8 t ha-1 yr-1 from 2% to >2 % of organic matter content respectively. To make SSOM more environmentally sustainable, there is a need of developing integrated practices and cross-cutting approaches that reduce the environmental impact of mining operations, and leave mine sites in an acceptable state for reuse by people or systems. Practices such as isolation of soil and earth material, stabilization of slopes and amendments of sites to be restored should be highly considered in the process of rehabilitation of affected sites. Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-36772 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bimböse, Martin A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Bryk, Alexander A1 - Schmidt, Karl-Heinz A1 - Morche, David T1 - Investigations on intra- and interannual coarse sediment dynamics in a high-mountain catchment T2 - Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie : Supplementband Y1 - 2011 UR - http://www.schweizerbart.de/papers/zfg_suppl/detail/55/75985/Investigations_on_intra_and_interannual_coarse_sediment_dynamics_in_a_high_mountain_river U6 - https://doi.org/10.1127/0372-8854/2011/0055S2-0046 VL - 55 IS - 2 SP - 67 EP - 81 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Krümmelbein, Julia A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Development of soil physical parameters in agricultural reclamation after brown coal mining within the first four years T2 - Soil and Tillage Research N2 - In Lusatia, Eastern Germany, the largest German brown coal (lignite) mining area is located. We study agricultural reclamation of open cast brown coal mining areas over the reclamation period of seven years which is in Germany by law the fixed time after which the agricultural areas are resold to farmers and agricultural cooperatives. This paper shows the development of selected soil physical parameters within the first three and four years of reclamation in dependence of organic fertilization, soil tillage and crop rotation. The sandy substrate which is used to reconstruct the post mining landscape is of Saaleian origin, free of recent organic matter and characterized by a homogeneous fabric. During excavation, deposition on stockpiles and levelling, the substrate becomes partly severely compacted due to extensive mechanical stresses. The extent of induced stresses depends on the contact area pressure and on the number of wheel passes of the levelling machinery during these processes. In this context we investigated the effect of different organic soil additives in combination with different crop rotations on the development of soil structure. The experimental area was reconstructed in 2006 and 2007. Directly after site construction, undisturbed soil samples were taken to characterize the initial mechanical and hydraulic properties of the substrate. Three and four years later again undisturbed samples on selected sub plots were taken. In 2010 samples from plots where Alfalfa had been cultivated for three years were collected. The Alfalfa plots were wheeled only twice per year, once for fertilization and once to cut and chaff the biomass. In 2011 samples from plots with annual ploughing and seedbed preparation were taken to show the effects of different crops and tillage intensities in combination with varying soil organic fertilizers on soil structure development. Furthermore, we evaluated the persistence of the loosening effect of subsoiling in dependence on the reclamation practice. First results of our on-going experimental study indicate that initial soil physical properties are very variable on the sub plots. After three and four years, no loosening effect of deep loosening was found anymore. The comparison of the minimum tilled plots (Alfalfa) with the plots of medium tillage intensity showed that with decreasing soil tillage intensity the functionality of the pore system (saturated hydraulic conductivity, air permeability) is improved. Y1 - 2012 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167198712001389 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2012.06.013 SN - 0167-1987 VL - 125 SP - 109 EP - 115 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hallett, Paul D. A1 - Loades, Kenneth A1 - Krümmelbein, Julia ED - Hester, Ronald E. ED - Harrison, R. M. T1 - Soil Physical Degradation: Threats and Opportunities to Food Security T2 - Soils and Food Security Y1 - 2012 SN - 978-1-84973-426-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/9781849735438-00198 SP - 198 EP - 226 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kleber, Arno A1 - Terhorst, Birgit A1 - Hülle, Daniela A1 - Leopold, Matthias A1 - Müller, S. A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Sauer, Daniela A1 - Scholten, Thomas A1 - Dietze, Michael A1 - Felix-Henningsen, Peter A1 - Heinrich, J. A1 - Spies, E. D. A1 - Thiemeyer, H. ED - Kleber, Arno ED - Terhorst, Birgit T1 - Subdued Mountains of Central Europe T2 - Mid-Latitude Slope Deposits (Cover Beds) N2 - Slope deposits, which veil entire slopes or large parts of them in a rather uniform manner (cover beds), are ubiquitous in the subdued mountains of Central Europe. Here we provide an overview of the current state of knowledge on these deposits. The Central European cover beds are divided into (1) the upper layer that is ubiquitously distributed and displays a relatively constant thickness; (2) the intermediate layer the distribution of which is mainly restricted to flat relief, to slope depressions, and to lee-ward facing slopes; and (3) the basal layer, which is rather widespread again. Both the upper and intermediate layer contain intermixed loess, whereas the basal layer is free of loess and typically has a high bulk density. Aside from the loess content, the composition of the layers differs, reflecting varying portions of crushed and chemically weathered rock allocated from up-slope. This causes notable diversity depending on bedrock and, thus, induces remarkable regional differences. Cover beds were mainly formed by periglacial gelifluction. The upper layer formed in the Late Glacial possibly during several short episodes of activity. In contrast, the underlying layers may be diachronous; nevertheless, they display recurring vertical sequences. This is probably due to the fact that loess-free layers usually could not deposit as long as there was loess in the environs, which may have been inherited from older deposits. Thus, the last phase of surface wash, during which older loess was removed, determines the age of the lower layers. Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-0-444-53118-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-53118-6.00002-7 SP - 9 EP - 93 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Völkel, Jörg A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Effects of uranium mining on the landscape ecology in Eastern Thuringia – Mining dumps and floodplains as sinks and sources of mining related substances T2 - GeoDarmstadt2010 : Geowissenschaften sichern Zukunft, Frankfurt am Main & Darmstadt, 10. Oktober - 13. Oktober 2010 Y1 - 2010 SN - 978-3-510-49219-0 SP - 573 EP - 574 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften CY - Hannover ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Takla, Melanie A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Rösler, Horst A1 - Bönisch, Eberhard T1 - Modeling the past - a GIS-based study for the reconstruction of past land use and human impact on the environment T2 - 2010 GSA Annual Meeting in Denver Colorado, USA 2010, 31 October – 3 November Y1 - 2010 UR - https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2010AM/finalprogram/abstract_180902.htm SP - S. 579 PB - Geological Society of America CY - Boulder, Colo. ER - TY - GEN ED - Krümmelbein, Julia ED - Horn, Rainer ED - Pagliai, Marcello T1 - Soil Degredation Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-3-923381-59-3 PB - Catena CY - Reiskirchen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Krümmelbein, Julia A1 - Horn, Rainer ED - Krümmelbein, Julia ED - Horn, Rainer ED - Pagliai, Marcello T1 - Cycle of Soil Structure T2 - Soil Degredation Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-3-923381-59-3 SP - 183 EP - 198 PB - Catena CY - Reiskirchen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Rösler, Horst A1 - Bönisch, Eberhard T1 - Holocene landscape reconstruction and land use changes in Lower Lusatia (Southern Brandenburg, East Germany) - pedological and geomorphological approaches T2 - 2010 GSA Annual Meeting in Denver Colorado, USA 2010, 31 October – 3 November N2 - Modern lignite mining in southern Brandenburg (East Germany) causes the destruction of entire landscapes. To date, research concentrated on the reclamation of areas affected by mining-related activities, but the significance of prehistoric and historic cultures on land use changes is disregarded. Recently, a joint research project was launched for interdisciplinary long-term palaeoenvironmental research and to study anthropogenic landscape change in southern Brandenburg. The project partners are geoscientists from the Brandenburg University of Technology (BTU) Cottbus and archaeologists from the Brandenburgisches Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologisches Museum (BLDAM), within the scope of this project pedological and geomorphological investigations are carried out to reconstruct Holocene landscape and land use change in the apron of the opencast pit Jänschwalde (Lower Lusatia), c. 100 southeast of Berlin and c. 15 km northeast of Cottbus. By law large-scale surveys and excavations have to be carried out in the forefield to document all archaeological findings. In combination with the excellent outcrop situation the archaeological investigation offers ideal conditions to study the soil geomorphology on a landscape scale. Fieldwork includes topographical surveying by differential GPS. Soils and sediments are described along cross-sections (up to 140 m long, up to 2 m deep). Field-portable XRF analyzes (FPXRF) is used for a quick characterization of total element concentrations of the substrates. Standard analytical methods (e.g., soil texture, contents of pedogenic oxides) are carried out in the laboratory. To obtain chronological information, radiocarbon and OSL (optically stimulated luminescence) dating are applied on suitable material. Evidence of different land use and land use change in the study area is abundant. For example, at several cross-sections agricultural soil horizons are covered with up to 150 cm thick eolian sands, proving that deforestation and agricultural use induced eolian soil erosion. In addition, remnants of charcoal piles buried under up to 150 cm thick eolian sands indicate remobilization of Quaternary sands as a consequence of clearing for charcoal production. The ongoing investigations will concentrate on fieldwork. Preliminary results are presented. Y1 - 2010 SP - S. 419 PB - Geological Society of America CY - Boulder, Colo. ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Krümmelbein, Julia A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Soil compaction on an agricultural post-mining recultivation site in Eastern Germany T2 - EGU General Assembly 2010, held in Vienna, Austria, 02 – 07 May 2010 Y1 - 2010 N1 - EGU2010-10290 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Chronology of Late Quaternary sediments in the Aragonese Pyrenees T2 - Quaternary International N2 - The Spanish Pyrenees are a type region for Quaternary glaciations. Although the history of glacial research dates back until the first fieldtrips of Charpentier in 1841 and Penck in 1883, the maximum extent of Pleistocene glaciers and the exact chronology is still discussed. Whereas some authors suggest a last glacial maximum (LGM) synchronous to the European Alps, there are also several authors preferring a much earlier Pyrenean LGM. The differing ages for the LGM research using absolute chronological methods reveal the need for a clear stratigraphical and sedimentological approach prior to chronological sampling on Quaternary sediments. Within the scope of the research project post-LGM pedogenesis and geomorphodynamics in the Aragonese Pyrenees (Spain) funded by the DFG (Az RA 931/3-1) Quaternary sediments are differentiated by a combination of multiple field and laboratory methods. This identification of the sediments, combined with the stratigraphic approach forms the basis for the dating of the sediment facies and therefore the prevailing climate conditions at the time of the sedimentation. The studies are mainly conducted in the Aragon- and Gallego Valley, which are both situated in the Aragonese Pyrenees (Spain). We use optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) to date the uppermost unit of the periglacial slope deposits which typically cover glacial sediments in most parts of the study area. There is clear evidence that the glacial and periglacial sediments are partly eroded due to human impact. First OSL and 14C dating reveal relatively young ages for this phase of soil erosion and redepostion on the slopes (approximately 300 a BP). Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2012.08.371 N1 - XVIII INQUA Congress, 21st–27th July, 2011, Bern, Switzerland VL - 279-280 SP - S. 202 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Błaszkiewicz, Mirosław A1 - Kordowski, Jarosław A1 - Noryskiewicz, Agnieszka M. A1 - Tyszkowski, Sebastian A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Late Quaternary soil genesis and geomorphodynamics in Northern Poland T2 - 2nd Annual ICLEA Workshop 2013, Dynamics of climate and landscape evolution of cultural landscapes in the Northern Central European Lowlands since the last ice age, Abstract volume & Excursion guide Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2312/GFZ.b103-13047 SP - S. 43 PB - Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ CY - Potsdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Błaszkiewicz, Mirosław A1 - Brademann, Brian A1 - Brauer, Achim A1 - Brykała, Dariusz A1 - Degórski, Marek A1 - Froehlich, Wojciech A1 - Gierszewski, Piotr A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Kaczmarek, Halina A1 - Kordowski, Jarosław A1 - Kramkowski, Mateusz A1 - Krzymińska, Jarmila A1 - Lamparski, Piotr A1 - Lutyńska, Monika A1 - Mirosław-Grabowska, Joanna A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Noryśkiewicz, Agnieszka M. A1 - Noryśkiewicz, Bożena A1 - Obremska, Milena A1 - Ott, Florian A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Schwab, Markus T1 - Introduction to ICLEA fieldtrips – Stara Kiszewa 2013 T2 - 2nd Annual ICLEA Workshop 2013, Dynamics of climate and landscape evolution of cultural landscapes in the Northern Central European Lowlands since the last ice age, Abstract volume & Excursion guide Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2312/GFZ.b103-13047 N1 - 4 weitere Verfasser SP - 53 EP - 67 PB - Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ CY - Potsdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra ED - Offenhäußer, Dieter ED - Zimmerli, Walther Ch. ED - Albert, Marie-Theres T1 - Impacts of Early Land Use and Mining on River Landscapes T2 - World Heritage and Cultural Diversity Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www.unesco.de/infothek/publikationen/publikationsverzeichnis/world-heritage-and-cultural-diversity.html SN - 978-3-940785-20-6 SP - 252 EP - 259 PB - German Commission for UNESCO CY - Bonn ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Schuhart, Stefan T1 - Quaternary deposits and soil formation in the Aragón Pyrenees (Spain) - First results from sedimentological studies T2 - EGU General Assembly 2010, held in Vienna, Austria, 02 – 07 May 2010 Y1 - 2010 N1 - EGU2010-3935 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bönisch, Eberhard A1 - Rösler, Horst A1 - Schopper, Franz A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra T1 - Pre-industrial charcoal production in southern Brandenburg - A landscape laboratory for studies on the fate of terrestrial organic carbon T2 - EGU General Assembly 2010, held Vienna, Austria, 02 – 07 May 2010 Y1 - 2010 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2010/EGU2010-13387.pdf N1 - EGU2010-13387 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP ED - Raab, Thomas ED - Hirsch, Florian ED - Raab, Alexandra ED - Schopper, Franz ED - Freytag, Klaus T1 - Arbeitskreis Geoarchäologie - Jahrestagung 2013, Tagungsband und Exkursionsführer, 2.-4.5.2013, BTU Cottbus Y1 - 2013 PB - Geopedologie und Landschaftsentwicklung CY - Cottbus ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Knoop, Christine A1 - Dornack, Christina A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Aufbereitung von festen Gärrückständen aus der Bioabfallvergärung zu Bodenhilfsstoffen T2 - Tagungsband, 6. Wissenschaftskongress Abfall- und Ressourcenwirtschaft, am 10. und 11. März 2016 in Berlin N2 - Mit der Novellierung des Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetzes (EEG) im Jahr 2014 und der flächendeckenden Einführung der getrennten Erfassung der Bioabfälle seit 2015 (Kreislaufwirtschaftsgesetz 2012) wurden deutliche Anreize für die Verwendung von organischen Reststoffen zur Biogaserzeugung gesetzt. Ein verstärkter Einsatz von Bioabfällen als Gärsubstrat ist zu erwarten. Die festen Gärrückstände sollen im Sinne der Kreislaufwirtschaft als organischer Bodenverbesserer auf landwirtschaftliche Flächen rückgeführt werden. Die vorgestellte Forschungsarbeit dient der Untersuchung von Aufbereitungsmöglichkeiten der festen Gärrückstände aus der Bioabfallvergärung und soll insbesondere die Zusammenhänge zwischen Vergärung, Aufbereitung und anschließender Bodenwirkung klarstellen. KW - Gärrestaufbereitung KW - Anaerobe Bioabfallbehandlung Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-00-052365-6 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Abfallwirtschaft e.V. CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Knoop, Christine A1 - Dietrich, Nils A1 - Heinrich, Martina A1 - Dornack, Christina A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Conditioning of residues from anaerobic digestion of municipal organic waste with regard to its use as soil amendment T2 - 24th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, Amsterdam, 6-9 June 2016, Book of abstracts N2 - The structural degradation of agricultural soils is an increasing problem of our times caused by intense land use. The treatment of soils with organic amendments shall maintain and improve long-term soil fertility. Solid residues from anaerobic digestion of municipal organic waste are rich in nutrients and organic matter and have a promising potential to be used as soil amendment. Less is known about characteristics of solid residues from organic waste digestion as composting of organic waste materials is still common. Before digestion residues can be applied to soils they need to be conditioned as they have a high impurity content (especially plastic bags and packaging materials) and need to meet the requirements of German regulation on biowaste (Bioabfallverordnung). Our research is investigating on conditioning methods for solid residues of municipal organic waste digestion with regard to the potential effect of products on soil structure, soil water regime and nutrient supply. Investigations have been made with different digestion residues from lab scale, semi-industrial and industrial scale biogas plants. Conditioning methods have been tested using our in-lab treatment facilities consisting of a drying, composting, sieving and pelletizing unit. Preliminary results show that drying and pelletizing measures influence hydrophobicity of digestion residues. As water repellency directly affects water flow and soil moisture this is a determining parameter regarding the amendment performance of conditioned products. Y1 - 2016 SP - S. 37 CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dietrich, Nils A1 - Knoop, Christine A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Krümmelbein, Julia T1 - Influence of soil amendments made from digestate on soil physics and the growth of spring wheat T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria, 17 April – 22 May 2016 N2 - Every year 13 million tons of organic wastes accumulate in Germany. These wastes are a potential alternative for the production of energy in biogas plants, especially because the financial subventions for the cultivation of renewable resources for energy production were omitted in 2014. The production of energy from biomass and organic wastes in biogas plants results in the accumulation of digestate and therefore causes the need for a sustainable strategy of the utilization of these residues. Within the scope of the BMBF-funded project ‘VeNGA - Investigations for recovery and nutrient use as well as soil and plant-related effects of digestate from waste fermentation’ the application of processed digestate as soil amendments is examined. Therefore we tested four different mechanical treatment processes (rolled pellets, pressed pellets, shredded compost and sieved compost) to produce soil amendments from digestate with regard to their impact on soil physics, soil chemistry and the interactions between plants and soil. Pot experiments with soil amendments were performed in the greenhouse experiment with spring wheat and in field trials with millet, mustard and forage rye. After the first year of the experiment, preliminary results indicate a positive effect of the sieved compost and the rolled pellets on biomass yield of spring wheat as compared to the other variations. First results from the Investigation on soil physics show that rolled pellets have a positive effect on the soil properties by influencing size and distribution of pores resulting in an increased water holding capacity. Further ongoing enhancements of the physical and chemical properties of the soil amendments indicate promising results regarding the ecological effects by increased root growth of spring wheat. Y1 - 2016 N1 - EGU2016-13395-1 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Knoop, Christine A1 - Dietrich, Nils A1 - Heinrich, Martina A1 - Dornack, Christina A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Conditioning of solid residues from anaerobic digestion of municipal organic waste with regard to its use as soil amendment T2 - Venice 2016, 6th International Symposium on Energy from Biomass and Waste 2016, Venice, Italy, 14-17 November 2016 N2 - To prevent structural degradation of agricultural soils and to maintain and improve long-term soil fertility the application of organic soil amendments is a common measure. Solid residues from anaerobic digestion of organic household waste are rich in nutrients and organic matter and have a promising potential to be used as soil amendment. However, less is known about characteristics of solid residues from organic household waste digestion and the effects of conditioning measures on substrate quality and amendment performance in soil. Before digestion residues can be applied to agricultural soils in Germany, they need to meet the requirements of Biowaste Ordinance (BioAbfV). Conditioning mainly focuses on reducing impurity content (especially plastic bags and packaging materials), securing hygiene of residues, reducing water content and developing tradable products. We studied the effect of drying, composting, sieving and pelletisation on final product characteristics. Investigations have been examined with solid digestates, composted digestates and pelletized digestates originating from the same organic waste input. Samples were retrieved from a semi-industrial biogas plant of the company GICON (Gemany) and a composting plant of the company Becker Umweltdienste (Germany). Investigations show that characteristics of organic household waste undergo a clear change during anaerobic digestion and subsequent composting of the digestate. The final composted product will mainly contribute to long-term development of soil fertiliy. The improvement of waste quality is the most important measure to ensure the provision of high-quality soil amendments. Investigations on the impact of digestate products on soil-water-regime however did not show a clear advantage of pelletized products over loose material. KW - anaerobic digestion KW - organic household waste KW - digestate treatment KW - pellets KW - soil amendment Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-88-6265-007-6 PB - CISA Publisher CY - Padova ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kappler, Christoph A1 - Kaiser, Knut A1 - Küster, Mathias A1 - Fülling, Alexander A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Evaluating the timing of late Quaternary geomorphodynamics and soil formation: a review of geochronological data from northeastern Germany T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria, 17 April – 22 May 2016 Y1 - 2016 N1 - EGU2016-1129 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schwab, Markus A1 - Brauer, Achim A1 - Błaszkiewicz, Mirosław A1 - Blume, Theresa A1 - Itzerott, Sibylle A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Wilmking, Martin T1 - ICLEA - The Virtual Institute of Integrated Climate and Landscape Evolution Analyses T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria, 17 April – 22 May 2016 Y1 - 2016 N1 - EGU2016-4926 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Takla, Melanie A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Bauriegel, Albrecht A1 - Rösler, Horst T1 - Landnutzungsgeschichte und historische Landschaftsentwicklung in der Niederlausitz – Neue Befunde und aktuelle Forschung T2 - Jahrestagung Arbeitskreis Geoarchäologie, Tübingen, 4. Mai bis 7. Mai 2016 N2 - Seit 2010 untersucht eine interdisziplinäre Forschergruppe der BTU, des BLDAM und des LBGR die Landnutzungsgeschichte sowie die natürliche und anthropogen induzierte Landschaftsentwicklung in der Niederlausitz, Brandenburg. Systematische archäologische Grabungen des BLDAM im Vorfeld der laufenden Tagebaue sind eine wichtige Grundlage für geopedologische Untersuchungen. Die Arbeiten hatten zunächst ihren räumlichen Schwerpunkt in den Braunkohletagebauen nordöstlich von Cottbus (Tgb. Cottbus Nord, Tgb. Jänschwalde) und wurden dann ausgedehnt auf weitere Forstflächen nördlich von Peitz. Wir geben einen Überblick über die wichtigsten Erkenntnisse der letzten Jahre, präsentieren aktuelle Ergebnisse und zeigen zukünftige Forschungsfelder auf. Im Tagebau Jänschwalde sind zwischenzeitlich mehr als 1000 Relikte von Holzkohlmeilern (HKM) als Zeugen einer intensiven historischen Holznutzung archäologisch dokumentiert. Mit Stand Januar 2016 liegen Dendroalter von 64 HKM vor. Die Alter schwanken zwischen dem ausgehenden 16. Jahrhundert und der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts, was in etwa dem Betriebszeitraum des Hüttenwerks in Peitz entspricht. Die Mehrzahl der Meiler datiert auf den Beginn des 18. Jahrhunderts. Weitere Hinterlassenschaften der historischen Landnutzung sind u.a. Wölbäcker und begrabene Ackerböden. Fossile Böden und ehemalige Landoberflächen sind stellenweise mit äolischen Sedimenten überdeckt. 14C- und OSL-Datierungen an diesen Böden und Sedimenten lassen auf eine Intensivierung der äolischen Aktivität zur slawischen Zeit und im Deutschen Mittelalter schließen. Einige Relikte von HKM sind mit Sand überweht worden, und an einer Stelle konnte das Alter dieser äolischen Sedimentation mittels Dendrodatierung des begrabenen Meilers auf1850 oder jünger bestimmt werden. Allerdings stellt dies die Ausnahme dar. Der weitaus größere Teil der HKM-Relikte liegt direkt an der Oberfläche und ist nicht begraben, was auf eine sehr geringe Winderosion in der Neuzeit schließen lässt. Seit 2015 konnte im Rahmen des DFG-Projekts „Räumliche und zeitliche Dimension der historischen Köhlerei im Tauerschen Forst (Niederlausitz, Brandenburg). Ein Beitrag zur Kulturlandschaftsentwicklung des Norddeutschen Tieflands“ (Az RA 1129/3-1; RA 931/6-1) ein weiteres Gebiet mit hoher HKM-Dichte untersucht werden. Erste Auswertungen der LiDAR-Daten ergeben eine Anzahl von 4449 ehemaligen Meilerstandorten im Tauerschen Forst. 26 Meilerstellen sind beprobt, die Dendroalter hierzu sind in Bearbeitung. Ebenfalls in jüngerer Zeit fanden Untersuchungen zur Verbreitung von HKM-Relikten für das gesamte Land Brandenburg statt. Mit Hilfe eines binären Modells wurden Gebiete mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit von HKM-Standorten detektiert. Im Rahmen des im November 2016 beginnenden DFG-Projekts „Die historische Köhlerei in Brandenburg - Analyse der räumlichen Dimension und der Effekte auf bodenhydraulische Eigenschaften“ (SCHN 1349/1-1) sollen nun neben der Verbreitung der historischen Köhlerei auch bodenrelevante Auswirkungen beschrieben und bewertet werden. Y1 - 2016 UR - https://akgeoarchaeologie.de/de/180 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Rösler, Horst A1 - Takla, Melanie A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Ritschl, Bosse A1 - Raab, Thomas ED - Schopper, Franz ED - Bönisch, Eberhard T1 - Geophysikalische Prospektion und Mikrodrohnenbefliegungen zur Dokumentation von Meilerplätzen in der Jänschwalder Heide T2 - Ausgrabungen im Niederlausitzer Braunkohlerevier 2013/2014 Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-910011-79-3 SP - 145 EP - 154 PB - Brandenburgisches LAndesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologisches Landesmuseum CY - Zossen OT Wünsdorf ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Takla, Melanie A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Rösler, Horst T1 - Integrative Application of Traditional and Cutting-Edge Techniques to Reconstruct Holocene Earth Surface Processes and Landscape Dynamics - A Case Study from the Northern German Lowland T2 - AGU Joint Assembly, Montreal, 2015, abstracts listing N2 - This study outlines the opportunities to reconstruct Holocene landscape dynamics in active opencast lignite mines in southern Brandenburg (Germany). Studies on extensive outcrops that address geomorphology, pedology and archaeology provide unique insights into human-induced environmental changes. Our approach uses a variety of traditional and cutting-edge techniques to characterize small-scale landforms (high-resolution DEMs by micro-drone and LiDAR), to analyze soils and substrate properties in the field (GPR, ERT, geomagnetics, Field Portable XRF and XRD) and to provide chronological information (OSL, 14C, tree-ring dating). This approach is combined with a GIS for data integration. We present the most recent results and review important findings from the last several years. Studies conducted in the opencast mines focus on soil development and Late Quaternary geomorphodynamics and as well as past land use and the legacy of agriculture and woodland use. Our results regarding the human-induced geomorphodynamics are similar to those in other regions in Central Europe, but we also observe regional differences caused by the local setting, e.g., intensification of soil erosion coinciding with the expansion of farming of cultivated lands in the Slavic Middle Ages. By analyzing LiDAR data the largest area of historical charcoal production in the Northern European Lowland (NEL) has been revealed. We are clearly only beginning to understand the massive dimensions of charcoal production in the region and the impact on late Holocene geomorphodynamics. The usage of new high-resolution imagery is essential to identify small-scale anthropogenic landforms hidden in the landscape. Future work will consist of developing and improving our integrative approach. However, comprehensive ground truth data provided by the archaeological prospections in the open-cast mines are an excellent basis for GIS-based analyses of high-resolution ALS data and geomorphological research. Y1 - 2015 UR - http://www.mineralogicalassociation.ca/doc/2015_Joint_Assembly_Abstract_Proceedings.pdf N1 - ES33A-01 SP - 135 EP - 136 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Takla, Melanie A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Rösler, Horst T1 - Mapping historic charcoal production fields from excavation to landscape scale T2 - AGU Joint Assembly, Montreal, 2015, abstracts listing N2 - In the forefield of the open-cast mine Jänschwalde (north of Cottbus, Germany), archaeological excavations have revealed one of the largest charcoal production fields described so far. As remains of the historic charcoal kilns, small mounds of sediment rich in charcoal fragments and ash cover the soil surface. We applied a combination of methods for mapping such kiln relicts across a range of scales, in order to analyze the spatial distribution of kiln sites and to improve the understanding of historic forest use systems. In archaeological excavations in the mine forefield, the geometry of kiln relicts could be studied in high detail. We used a microdrone to record high-resolution photographs of excavation sites for the documentation of kiln site ground plans and other traces of historic land use. Based on airborne laser scanning elevation models, kiln site mapping was extended to areas beyond the mine forefield. Manual digitization from shaded relief maps was used for mapping kiln sites in further woodland areas surrounding an historic ironwork north of Cottbus. An automated mapping approach based on template matching was developed to detect charcoal production fields on a larger scale, and was applied for an area of about 1000 km2up to now. In archaeological excavations, about 900 kiln sites have been documented on an approximately 17 km2 large area. Excavation documentations and aerial photographs show variations in the kiln site ground plans. By manual digitization from Shaded Relief Maps, more than 5000 kiln sites with diameters up to 29 m were detected in the 32 km2 area of the royal forest Jänschwalder Heide north of Cottbus. First results of mapping for larger areas indicate similar densities, but smaller diameters of kiln sites in other charcoal production fields; and show that charcoal production is a so far underestimated component of the land use history in many areas in the Northern European Lowlands. Y1 - 2015 UR - http://www.mineralogicalassociation.ca/doc/2015_Joint_Assembly_Abstract_Proceedings.pdf N1 - GA44A-0124 SP - 168 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Takla, Melanie A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Rösler, Horst T1 - Mapping the legacies of historic charcoal production T2 - American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting San Franisco, USA, 2014 N2 - The historic production of charcoal is an important component of the late Holocene fire history for many landscapes. Charcoal production can have numerous effects on ecosystems, e.g., through changes in forest area and structure, or through the effects of pyrolysis, charcoal and ash addition to soils. To assess such effects, it is necessary to understand the spatial extent and patterns of historic charcoal production, which has so far hardly been approached for the Northern European Lowlands. In the forefield of the open-cast mine Jänschwalde (north of Cottbus, Germany), archaeological excavations have revealed one of the largest charcoal production fields described so far. For this area, we applied and evaluated different methods for mapping the spatial distribution of charcoal kiln remains. We present methods and results of our work in this exceptionally well-described charcoal production field and of additional studies on kiln site distribution in regions of the Northern European Lowlands. The large-scale excavations in the mine forefield provide exact information on kiln site geometry. Using airborne laser scanning elevation models, the mapping of kiln sites could be extended to areas beyond the mine forefield. To detect kiln sites for larger areas, an automated GIS based mapping routine, based on a combination of morphometric parameters, was developed and evaluated. By manual digitization from Shaded Relief Maps, more than 5000 kiln sites in an area of 32 km2 were detected in the Jänschwalde mine forefield, with 1355 kiln sites that are wider than 12 m. These relatively large kiln sites could be mapped with detection rates that are close to those of manual digitization using the automated routine. First results for different study areas indicate that charcoal production is a so far underestimated component of the land use history in many parts of the Northern European Lowlands. Y1 - 2014 UR - http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFM.H43D0989S N1 - H43D-0989 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Gerke, Horst H. A1 - Maurer, Thomas A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Evolution of hydro-geomorphic connectivity in an experimental catchment T2 - American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting San Franisco, USA, 2014 N2 - During initial phases of landform evolution, the surface of sediment bodies is commonly not yet equilibrated with the environmental conditions and is thus liable to rapid changes by accelerated geomorphic activity. Hydro-geomorphic processes acting during these early development phases often lead to the emergence of surface structures that constitute the boundary conditions for further ecosystem development, and of linear erosion features that act as pathways for water, solute and sediment transport, and thus can increase the system's connectivity. Studies on initial landform evolution are often limited to relatively small-scale experiments or rely on modeling exercises. Larger-scale experiments can be carried out in constructed hydrological catchments with well-known and documented initial conditions. The central aim of this work was to describe the hydro-geomorphic surface structure evolution during the initial years of ecosystem development, its dependence on initial and boundary conditions; and on its relations to hydro-geomorphic connectivity. The data are from the 6-ha, constructed hydrological catchment 'Hühnerwasser'. Hydro-geomorphic development was quantified using a combined analysis of digital elevation models and aerial photographs. Empirical results were compared with those obtained with a numerical landscape evolution model. Phases of rill network growth, contraction and stabilization could be characterized. Results show influences of initial morphology, precipitation characteristics, and developing structure-process-interactions on rill network geometry and connectivity increase in the catchment. The results suggest that phases of hydro-geomorphic surface structure evolution can be related to the spatial organization of surface flow patterns during initial phases of landform development. Y1 - 2014 UR - http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFM.H52B..02S N1 - H52B-02 ER - TY - THES A1 - Müller, Frank T1 - Der Wandel der Kulturlandschaft im Raum Peitz infolge des mehrhundertjährigen Betriebes des dortigen Eisenhüttenwerkes (Mitte 16. bis 19. Jahrhundert) T1 - Cultural landscape change in the Peitz region resulting from the century long usage of the local ironwork (mid -16th to 19th century) N2 - Die archäologische Erschließung von bislang über 1000 Relikten ehemaliger Holzkohlemeiler im Vorfeld des Braunkohletagebaues Jänschwalde in der Niederlausitz führte zu einer umfassenden Untersuchung des örtlichen vorindustriellen Kulturlandschaftswandels. In diesem Kontext sollte der Hauptabnehmer der hier produzierten Holzkohle, das Peitzer Eisenhüttenwerk, auch aus historiographischer Perspektive eingehender untersucht werden. Ziel der vorliegenden Dissertation ist demnach die Bewertung des Einflusses, den der Betrieb des Werkes auf die Kulturlandschaft im Untersuchungsgebiet ausübte. Neben der quellenbasierten Aufarbeitung der Werksgeschichte wurde hierbei vor allem die Organisation der Rohstoffnutzung hinsichtlich Erschließung, Transport und Verbrauch aller für die Eisenproduktion benötigten Ressourcen, wie auch der zugehörigen Abbaugebiete und Forstreviere analysiert. Die angewandte Methodik folgte der gängigen historiographischen Arbeitspraxis der Quellenkritik einschlägiger archivalischer Dokumente und der Literaturanalyse. Dabei zeigte sich unter anderem, dass der Einfluss des Hüttenwerkes nicht isoliert vom Geflecht staatlicher Wirtschaftsinteressen betrachtet werden kann, sondern nur ein in zeitlicher Perspektive veränderlich gewichteter Aspekt in den Erwägungen zur wirtschaftlichen Inwertsetzung der Landschaft darstellte. Die durch äußere und innere Faktoren eingeschränkte Eisenproduktion, die sich nahezu durch die gesamte Betriebszeit des Hüttenwerkes zog sowie die gleichzeitige stetig angestiegene Konkurrenz in- und ausländischer Eisenproduzenten führte im Laufe des 18. Jahrhunderts zu einem zunehmenden Bedeutungsverlust des Werkes innerhalb der wirtschaftlichen Erwägungen Preußens. In gleichem Maße nahm die potentielle Einflussnahme des Werkes auf die Kulturlandschaft ab, da auch der Zugriff auf das Holz immer stärker reglementiert wurde. Dennoch stellte das Peitzer Eisenhüttenwerk ein Symbol für den vorindustriellen Wandel einer Kulturlandschaft dar, die vornehmlich mit der industriellen Braunkohleförderung in Verbindung gebracht wird. N2 - The archaeological excavation of more than 1000 relicts of former charcoal hearths in the lignite mine Jänschwalde (Niederlausitz, Brandenburg, Germany) was the starting point to extensively study the local change of the cultural landscape during preindustrial times. In this context the main consumer of the produced charcoal, which was the ironwork Peitz, should be studied in detail using a historiographical approach. The dissertation aims to evaluate the influence of the ironwork on the cultural landscape development. In addition to the theoretical review of the ironwork history, based upon sources particularly the organisation of using raw materials concerning coverage, transport and consumption of resources needed for the iron production as well as corresponding excavation areas and forest territories have been analysed. The applied methods follow the common historiographical practice of source criticism of relevant archival documents and the synthesis of literature. In doing so, among other things, it became apparent that the influence of the ironwork cannot be considered separately from the network of governmental business interests but represented an in temporal perspective variably weighted aspect in the considerations about the economic development of landscape. The production of iron – restricted by external and internal criteria almost the entire working period of the ironwork – and the simultaneous steadily increasing rivalry of domestic and foreign producers of iron resulted in an incremental loss of significance of the ironwork within Prussian economic contemplations in the course of the 18th century. To the same degree the potential exertion of influence of the ironwork on the cultural landscape decreased since the access to wood had been regulated more and more as well. Nevertheless the ironwork Peitz represented a symbol of the preindustrial change of a cultural landscape which in particular is associated with the industrial extraction of lignite. KW - Technikgeschichte KW - Umweltgeschichte KW - Eisenerzeugung KW - Hüttenwerk KW - Rohstoffverbrauch KW - Nachhaltigkeit KW - Kulturlandschaftswandel KW - Forstwirtschaft KW - Köhlerei KW - Holz KW - Raseneisenerz KW - Wasser KW - Kalk KW - Transport KW - Hand- und Spanndienste KW - Preußen KW - Sachsen KW - Niederlausitz KW - Peitz KW - Peitz ironwork KW - Charcoal production KW - Preindustrial resource management KW - Environmental history KW - History of technology Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-41443 CY - Cottbus ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Gerke, Horst H. T1 - Initial phases of surface development in a constructed hydrological catchment using the CAESAR landscape evolution model T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2013, Vienna, Austria, 07 – 12 April 2013 N2 - High rates of sediment redistribution and a differentiation of geomorphic structures are characteristic for initial phases of surface development. To simulate sediment redistribution in this phase requires a spatially distributed and temporally dynamic soil erosion or landscape evolution model. In this study, we tested the application of the landscape evolution model CAESAR for simulating sediment redistribution during the initial five years of development in a 6 ha artificially created catchment. The objectives were to evaluate effects of input data resolution, initial topographic conditions and climatic influences on surface development by CAESAR simulations. We used a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the catchment surface at the initial state of development and hourly precipitation data recorded in the catchment to run the model. Maps of the developing erosion rill network, DEMs for several states of surface development, and discharge data were used for parameter calibration and validation. The influence of DEM resolution, roughness of the input DEM, and precipitation characteristics on model outputs was evaluated. First results show that characteristic patterns of sediment redistribution can be simulated with the landscape evolution model. Resolution of the input DEM was found to affect drainage density of the simulated erosion features. Deviations between the simulated and observed rill network geometry are most probably due to influences of spatially varying sediment hydraulic and mechanical properties on erosion intensity. Results further suggest effects of the initial surface roughness and of precipitation characteristics on the temporal dynamics of rill network development. Y1 - 2013 UR - http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..15.5293S N1 - EGU2013-5293 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Raab, Alexandra T1 - Sedimentabfolge und -merkmale eines Aufschlusses der Dryas-Fundstelle Dissenchen 18 T2 - Ausgrabungen im Niederlausitzer Braunkohlenrevier 2011/2012 Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-910011-85-4 SP - 177 EP - 178 PB - Brandenburgisches Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologisches Landesmuseum CY - Wündsdorf ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Die Böden im Tagebauvorfeld Jänschwalde - Ergebnisse bodenkundlich-geomorphologischer Untersuchungen T2 - Ausgrabungen im Niederlausitzer Braunkohlenrevier 2011/2012 Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-910011-85-4 SP - 249 EP - 256 PB - Brandenburgisches Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologisches Landesmuseum CY - Wünsdorf ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Anna T1 - Effects of evolving hydro-geomorphic connectivity on the erosion response during the initial phase of landform development T2 - European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2017 Vienna, Austria N2 - The development of land surfaces in non-equilibrium conditions is often characterized by the emergence of drainage networks, a rapid increase of hydro-geomorphic connectivity and a non-linear response of erosion to precipitation events, and conceptual models of landform evolution have related drainage network evolution, hydrogeomorphic connectivity and non-linear erosion behavior. Because of the high dynamics of hydro-geomorphic structures and connectivity during initial phases of landform evolution, detailed studies on surface development on young land surfaces can help to further elucidate mechanisms and parameters relevant for hydro-geomorphic connectivity. In this study, we applied the landscape evolution model CAESAR for assessing different scenarios of surface structure evolution during the initial years of surface development in small catchments. Data from an artificially-created experimental catchment were used for model calibration and validation, and simulations were carried out for the experimental catchment surface and an idealized slope model. Hourly precipitation records for the experimental catchment were rearranged in several scenarios to assess relations between the erosional response of the catchments and states of hydro-geomorphic surface development. The simulations clearly show non-linear erosion responses of the developing surface, related to its developing hydro-geomorphic connectivity: Simulations with high-intensity precipitation events during the very first years of development resulted in clearly higher rill network density and sediment discharge than simulations with high-intensity events during later stages of surface evolution. A detailed analysis of surface flow patterns shows that the reduced erosion response of the further developed surface is a consequence of higher connectivity, combined with a shift from transport- to detachment-limited erosion along major drainage paths. These results indicate that increased surface hydro-geomorphic connectivity does not necessarily imply increased erosion, but can, in contrast, even result in a reduction of erosion in combination with grain-size dependent erosion thresholds. Results also highlight how even surface flow organization on a small scale in interill areas can be relevant for the overall hydro-geomorphic connectivity of small catchments. Y1 - 2017 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2017/EGU2017-6113.pdf N1 - EGU2017-6113 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Bauriegel, Albrecht A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Occurrence, micromorphology, and soil chemistry of Fuchserden (Rhodic Arenosols) on sandy deposits in northeastern Germany T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria N2 - In the sandy deposits from the Late Pleistocene in the Northern European lowlands, the local appearance of red subsoils emerges the question of their formation and palaeoenvironmental significance. According to the WRB this soil is classified as Rhodic Arenosols, but in the German Guidelines for Soil Mapping this soil is still unconsidered because the age and genesis is unclear. Due to the intense red subsoil, the working title of this soil is ‘Fuchserde’. Whereas rubefication is a characteristic feature of soils in regions with warm and dry summers like in the Mediterranean, the occurrence of red subsoil horizons containing hematite in soils in northeastern Germany is not an indicator for tropic or Mediterranean climate conditions. Already the appearance of Fuchserden on sandy deposits from the last glaciation objects earlier theories that consider these soils as a relictic soil formation from the last interglacial or even the Palaeogene or Neogene. To characterize the genesis of the Fuchserden, we focused on four different study sites in northeastern Germany. We present our findings from soil micromorphology and the identification of the iron(hydr)oxides by FTIR. Our results give new insights on the development of the Fuchserden and the importance of lateral input of iron for their genesis. Y1 - 2017 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2017/EGU2017-4000-1.pdf N1 - EGU2017-4000-1 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Maaten-Theunissen, Marieke van der A1 - Maaten, Ernst van der A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Soil physics and chemistry at a medieval ridge and furrow site in northeastern Germany T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria N2 - The usage of non-reversible ploughs, mainly during the Middle Ages and until historic times, led to the formation of ridge and furrow systems. Due to improvements of agricultural techniques, these historic agricultural sites were often abandoned and are now marginal land. The parallel ridges and furrows are usually, if not destroyed by later conventional ploughing, preserved in present-day forests. In northeastern Germany ridge and furrow systems are normally several decameters long and up to ten meters wide. The height difference between ridge top and furrow bottom is up to 50 centimeters and is expected to cause significant contrasts of soil properties and vegetation. Furthermore, due to the abandonment of sites with ridges and furrows, soils on these sites are unique archives for studies on fertilization, soil carbon dynamics and soil development. Therefore, we are characterizing soil physics (bulk density, saturated soil hydraulic conductivity, texture) and soil chemistry (soil acidity, carbon and nitrogen content) on a type location of historic ridges and furrows about 100 km northwest of Berlin. Y1 - 2017 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2017/EGU2017-4003-1.pdf N1 - EGU2017-4003-1 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Ouimet, William A1 - Dethier, David A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Alexandra T1 - Soils on historic charcoal hearths – chemical properties and terminology T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria N2 - Charcoal hearths are a unique archive for the long term interaction between biochar, soil development and plant growth. Charcoal as raw material was crucial for the production of iron in iron works and hence numerous charcoal hearths can be found in the forests near historic iron works in Europe as well as the Eastern United States. Charcoal hearths are round to elliptical forms often around 10 m in diameter, and consisting of a several decimeter thick layer containing charcoal fragments, ash, and burnt soil. We studied the soil chemistry of 24 charcoal hearths and compared them to the surrounding ‘natural’ soils in Litchfield County, Connecticut. The thickness of the organic rich horizons on the charcoal hearths and their carbon content is remarkably higher than in the surrounding topsoils. The wide distribution of charcoal hearths, their usually high quantity, and their occurrence in different ecosystems underlines their importance for further pedological research. Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2017/EGU2017-4009-1.pdf N1 - EGU2017-4009-1 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Vasserman, Oleksandr A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Naeth, M. Anne T1 - Influence of relief and vegetation on soil properties in a disturbed chernozem soil landscape T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria N2 - In central and southeastern Alberta, chernozems dominate the soil landscape and are divided into several groups that follow the climate gradient from Northwest to Southeast: Dark Grey Chernozems, Black Chernozems, Dark Brown Chernozems; Brown Chernozems. Principles controlling development and distribution of these chernozem subtypes along the ecotone transect are quite well known. However, intensive land use over the last century has affected soils that originally have formed under natural conditions during the Holocene in more than 10,000 years. There is a lack of knowledge regarding soil development in these landscapes on the decadal to centennial time scale. Within this time frame the most important factor of soil formation may be relief, although this has not been properly studied. This study aims to compare soil properties in a typical chernozem landscape where soils have been highly disturbed and parent materials have been re-arranged by surface coal mining.We hypothesize that within 50 years, soils develop with significant differences based on vegetation type and slope aspect. Our study site is the former Diplomat Mine near Forestburg, Alberta where spoils form a small scale ridge and graben topography. The south facing slopes of the piles are covered by grassland, whereas on the north exposition has trees and shrubs. Samples were taken from six sites with differences in topography and vegetation type. Diplomate T1 is at the top of the ridge with grassland, Diplomate S1 is on the southern slope with grassland, Diplomate N1 is on the northern slope with trees, and Diplomate N2 is on the northern slope with shrubs. For comparison we took samples from two sites without slope aspect. One site was an undisturbed grassland (Diplomate Z1) and the other sites were reclaimed piles (Diplomate R1). At each site, five soil profiles were examined and volumetrically sampled (250 cm3 steel ring) in steps of five centimeters to a depth of 30 centimeters. We present first results of basic physical and chemical soil parameters (bulk density, water content, pH, Cstock, N-stock). Y1 - 2017 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2017/EGU2017-2332.pdf N1 - EGU2017-2332 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Assessing the legacy effects of historic charcoal production in Brandenburg, Germany T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria N2 - Charcoal produced in kilns or hearths was an important source of energy in many regions of Europe and Northern America until the 19th century, and charcoal production in hearths is still common in many other regions of the world. The remains of charcoal hearths are therefore a widespread legacy of historic land use in forest areas. Soils on charcoal hearth sites are characterized by a technogenic layer rich in charcoal and ash on top of the soil profile, and by a pyrogenic modification of substrates below the former hearth. The aims of our study are to examine how these alterations to the natural soil profiles affect the soil water regime and other soil physical properties, and to assess the relevance of these effects on the landscape scale. We present first results of a mapping of hearth site occurrence in forest areas in the state of Brandenburg, Germany, and of a characterization of the infiltration behaviour on hearth sites as compared with undisturbed forest soils. Results of mapping small-scale relief features from LIDAR-based digital elevation models show that charcoal hearths occur in a high density in many large forest areas throughout Brandenburg. In the areas studied so far, up to almost 3% of the soil surface were found to be affected by the remains of historic hearths. First analyses of soil physical properties indicate differences in the infiltration characteristics of hearth site soils and undisturbed forest soils: Hood infiltrometer measurements show a very high spatial variability of hydraulic conductivity for hearth site soils, and water-drop-penetration-time tests reflect extremely high hydrophobicity of the technogenic layer on the sites. Results of dye tracer experiment show considerably strong preferential flow and therefore a higher spatial variability of soil wetness below the hearth remains. Overall, our first results therefore indicate that the legacy effects of historic charcoal production might significantly affect overall site conditions in forest areas with a high density of charcoal hearth remains. Y1 - 2017 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2017/EGU2017-6096-1.pdf N1 - EGU2017-6096-1 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schwab, Markus A1 - Brauer, Achim A1 - Błaszkiewicz, Mirosław A1 - Blume, Theresa A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Wilmking, Martin T1 - ICLEA - The Virtual Institute of Integrated Climate and Landscape Evolution Analyses T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria N2 - Since 2012, the partner of the virtual institute ICLEA from Germany and Poland view on past changes as natural experiments as a guidebook for better anticipation of future changes and their impacts. Since the natural evolution became increasingly superimposed by human impacts since the Neolithic we include an in-depth discussion of impacts of climate and environment change on societies and vice versa. Understanding causes and effects of present-day climate change on landscapes and the human habitat faces two main challenges, (I) too short time series of instrumental observation that do not cover the full range of variability since mechanisms of climate change and landscape evolution work on different time scales, which often not susceptible to human perception, and, (II) distinct regional differences due to the location with respect to oceanic/continental climatic influences, the geological underground, and the history and intensity of anthropogenic land-use. Both challenges are central for the ICLEA research strategy and demand a high degree of interdisciplinary. In particular, the need to link observations and measurements of ongoing changes with information from the past taken from natural archives requires joint work of scientists with very different time perspectives. On the one hand, scientists that work at geological time scales of thousands and more years and, on the other hand, those observing and investigating recent processes at short time scales. Five complementary work packages (WP) are established according to the key research aspects: WP 1 focused on monitoring mainly hydrology and soil moisture as well as meteorological parameters. WP 2 is linking present day and future monitoring data with the most recent past through analyzing satellite images. This WP will further provide larger spatial scales. WP 3-5 are focused on different natural archives to obtain a broad variety of high quality proxy data. Tree rings provide sub-seasonal data for the last centuries up to few millennia, varved lake sediments cover the entire research time interval at seasonal to decadal resolution and palaeosoils and geomorphological features also cover the entire period but not continuously and with lower resolution. Complementary information, like climate, tree ecophysiological and limnological data etc., are provided by cooperation with associated partners. In these five WP the partner focusing their research capacities and expertise in ICLEA. We offers young researchers an interdisciplinary and structured education and promote their early independence through coaching and mentoring. Postdoctoral rotation positions promote dissemination of information and expertise between disciplines. ICLEA results are published in about 80 peer reviewed scientific articles and available for the scientific community. The long-term mission of the Virtual Institute is to provide a substantiated data basis for sustained environmental maintenance based on a profound process understanding at all relevant time scales. Aim is to explore processes of climate and landscape evolution in an historical cultural landscape extending from northeastern Germany into northwestern Poland. The northern-central European lowlands is facilitated as a natural laboratory providing an ideal case for utilizing a systematic and holistic approach. Further information about ICLEA: www.iclea.de Y1 - 2017 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2017/EGU2017-16771.pdf N1 - EGU2017-16771 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hirsch, Florian T1 - Extensive historical charcoal production in Brandenburg (Germany) – identification of potential areas by GIS analysis T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria N2 - We used a GIS analysis of environmental and historical data to identify potential areas of extensive charcoal production in Brandenburg. The analysis was based on three assumptions (i to iii). Large charcoal kiln fields can be found in areas that i) are close to historical industrial sites, ii) are close to bog iron ore deposits, and iii) have been continuously covered by forest during the last centuries. Information on theses parameters was gathered in an archive and literature study and from historical and recent maps. Areas with a high probability of kiln site occurrence were then determined using a simple binary additive model. In the last step, shaded-relief maps (SRMs) were visually checked for clearly visible kiln sites and soil properties were analysed in the determined areas. In total, eight areas with a high probability of kiln site occurrence are identified for the state of Brandenburg. By visual interpretation of SRMs, high kiln site densities in these areas are confirmed. The analysis of soil maps shows that kiln fields are predominantly located on sandy soils with a low yield potential. Although further parameters and study areas need to be considered in the model in order to explain the spatial distribution patterns of charcoal production, the results indicate correlations between the location of bog iron ore deposits, historic ironworks and charcoal kiln fields. Y1 - 2017 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2017/EGU2017-2976.pdf N1 - EGU2017-2976 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Feasibility of diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier spectroscopy (DRIFTS) to quantify iron-cyanide (Fe-CN) complexes in soil T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria N2 - Contaminated sites create a significant risk to human health, by poisoning drinking water, soil, air and as a consequence food. Continuous release of persistent iron-cyanide (Fe-CN) complexes from various industrial sources poses a high hazard to the environment and indicates the necessity to analyze considerable amount of samples. At the present time quantitative determination of Fe-CN concentration in soil usually requires a time consuming two step process: digestion of the sample (e.g., micro distillation system) and its analytical detection performed, e.g., by automated spectrophotometrical flow injection analysis (FIA). In order to determine the feasibility of diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier spectroscopy (DRIFTS) to quantify the Fe-CN complexes in soil matrix, 42 soil samples were collected (8 to 12.520 mg kg-1CN) indicating single symmetrical CN band in the range 2092 - 2084 cm-1. Partial least squares (PLS) calibration-validation model revealed IR response to CNtot exceeding 1268 mg kg-1 (limit of detection, LOD). Subsequently, leave-one-out cross-validation (LOO-CV) was performed on soil samples containing low CNtot (<900 mg kg-1), which improved the sensitivity of the model by reducing the LOD to 154 mg kg-1. Finally, the LOO-CV conducted on the samples with CNtot >900 mg kg-1 resulted in LOD equal to 3494 mg kg-1. Our results indicate that spectroscopic data in combination with PLS statistics can efficiently be used to predict Fe-CN concentrations in soil. We conclude that the protocol applied in this study can strongly reduce the time and costs essential for the spatial and vertical screening of the site affected by complexed Fe-CN. Y1 - 2017 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2017/EGU2017-6995.pdf N1 - EGU2017-6995 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dietrich, Nils A1 - Knoop, Christine A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Effect of differently pelletized digestate on the plant growth of spring wheat T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria N2 - In Germany, biowaste is used in more than 100 biogas plants and has increasing potential as a fermentation substrate. To optimise waste cycle management organic digestates should be redistributed and innovative products for soil amendment of agricultural areas could be developed. The BMBF-funded VeNGA project seeks to find answers on how to improve the properties of soil amendments produced from fermentation residues. Here, we report findings from our study that focuses on plant growth and soil development. Within a three-month rhizotron experiment, the influence of differently prepared fermentation residues on the root development of summer wheat was investigated. The four variants of the prepared digestate (rolled pellet, pressed pellet, shredded, loose) were tested under constant conditions in the greenhouse on two soils with different textures (sandy and loamy-sand). All fermentation residues originated from the same batch and were composted before the preparation to ensure adequate hygienisation. Depending on preparation type and soil substrate significant differences in root growth and root development have been observed. Plant growth was most intense in the rhizotron experiment with the loose digestate, indicating high nutrient availability due to the large surface area of the organic matter. Plant growth in the substrate with the rolled and pressed pellets was less pronounced, indicating a more persistent stability of the pellets. In rhizotrons applied with rolled and pressed pellets root growth into the mineral fabric was significantly lower in sandy substrate than in the loamy-sand. However, in the sandy substrate root growth within the rolled pellets was more intense than in the substrate with the pressed pellets. Obviously, the different production techniques of the pellets seem to have an influence on the rooting of the pellets and facilitate the long term stability of soil organic carbon. Furthermore, the comparison of the two different textures indicate, that sandy substrates benefit more from the positive effects of soil amendments on increased water retention than loamy substrates. Y1 - 2017 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2017/EGU2017-6421.pdf N1 - EGU2017-6421 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Wechler, Klaus-Peter A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Mapping a paleosurface and archaeological site location in an inland dune area in Brandenburg, Germany T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria N2 - Mapping and visualizing the position of archaeological remains in the surface relief provides important basic information for archaeological survey design and interpretation. Geomorphological processes in (pre)history can have resulted in a modification of the local relief around archaeological sites, especially in areas that are prone to sediment erosion and relocation, so that models of past surfaces are necessary for a correct interpretation of archaeological survey results. In this study, we combined terrestrial survey and remote sensing methods to reconstruct the palaeorelief around two archaeological excavation sites in an inland dune area in southern Brandenburg, Germany. Remains from two Mesolithic hunter-gatherer camps were documented in archaeological excavations and found to be associated with a buried soil horizon. To gather information on the relief of the buried soil surface, we used a combination of sedimentological and pedological profile description of archaeological survey trenches and geophysical prospection with Ground-Penetrating Radar; supplemented by microdrone photography and photogrammetry, GPS surveys and analysis of LIDAR-based elevation models. A digital elevation model of the buried surface was created by combining point data from these sources. The buried surface morphology and the position of the archeological remains within the reconstructed landscape were analyzed in GIS. The comparison of the generated paleosurface model with the recent surface elevation model shows that sand remobilization resulted in a considerable reshaping of the relief. Analysis of the buried surface model further shows that the relief position of the two archaeological sites in the study area was considerably more prominent in relation to the corresponding buried soil surface than in relation to the recent surface morphology. Results affirm the importance of considering Holocene relief modifications in archaeological surveys. Y1 - 2017 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2017/EGU2017-6066-1.pdf N1 - EGU2017-6066-1 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Dietrich, Nils A1 - Knoop, Christine A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Micromorphology of pelletized soil conditioners T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria N2 - Soil conditioners produced by anaerobic digestion and subsequent composting of organic household waste, bear the potential to improve unproductive farmland together with a reduced input risk of unwanted pollutants into the soils. Within the VeNGA project (http://www.biogas-network.de/venga), soil conditioners from anaerobically digested organic household waste are tested for their potential to increase plant growth in glasshouse and field experiments. Because the production techniques of these soil conditioners may influence their physical and chemical behaviour in the soil, two different techniques for pelletizing the soil conditioners where applied. We present findings from a pot experiment with cereal that has been sampled after two months for micromorphological analyses.We visualize the decomposition and the physical behaviour of the soil conditioners. Pellets produced in an agglomeration mixer result in dense balls, that are only slightly decomposed after the trial. But the soil conditioners created under pressure in a screw extruder are rich in voids and have the potential of retaining more soil water. Y1 - 2017 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2017/EGU2017-3996.pdf N1 - EGU2017-3996 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - The Finow soil – a stratigraphic marker or just a pedologic horizon? T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria N2 - Palaeosoils indicate periods of landscape stability, and therefore warmer periods during the cold climate conditions of the Late Pleistocene, when pedogenic processes can shape the surface. Therefore, in Late Pleistocene glacial and periglacial deposits, palaeosoils are widely used as chronostratigraphic markers. However, in contrast to limnic archives the records in terrestrial sediments are often discontinuous or ambiguous. The so called Finow soil is commonly found as 5 to 15 cm thick and fossilized horizon, characterized by brunification and the illuviation of clay in the sandy deposits of Northern Central Europe. We present a micromorpological approach together with OSL ages, that contradicts the stratigraphic potential of the Finow soil and also questions the suitability of soil horizons formed by clay illuviation as stratigraphic markers. Y1 - 2017 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2017/EGU2017-3997.pdf N1 - EGU2017-3997 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Quick detection and quantification of iron-cyanide complexes using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy T2 - Environmental Pollution N2 - The continuous release of persistent iron-cyanide (Fe-CN) complexes from various industrial sources poses a high hazard to the environment and indicates the necessity to analyze a considerable amount of samples. Conventional flow injection analysis (FIA) is a time and cost consuming method for cyanide (CN) determination. Thus, a rapid and economic alternative needs to be developed to quantify the Fe-CN complexes. 52 soil samples were collected at a former Manufactured Gas Plant (MGP) site in order to determine the feasibility of diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier spectroscopy (DRIFTS). Soil analysis revealed CN concentrations in a range from 8 to 14.809 mg kg⁻¹, where 97% was in the solid form (Fe₄[Fe(CN)₆]₃), which is characterized by a single symmetrical CN band in the range 2092-2084 cm-1. The partial least squares (PLS) calibration-validation model revealed IR response to CNtot which exceeds 2306 mg kg⁻¹(limit of detection, LOD). Leave-one-out cross-validation (LOO-CV) was performed on soil samples, which contained low CNtot (<900 mg kg⁻¹). This improved the sensitivity of the model by reducing the LOD to 154 mg kg⁻¹. Finally, the LOO-CV conducted on the samples with CNtot > 900 mg kg⁻¹ resulted in LOD equal to 3751 mg kg⁻¹. It was found that FTIR spectroscopy provides the information concerning different CN species in the soil samples. Additionally, it is suitable for quantifying Fe-CN species in matrixes with CNtot > 154 mg kg⁻¹. Thus, FTIR spectroscopy, in combination with the statistical approach applied here seems to be a feasible and quick method for screening of contaminated sites. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.052 SN - 0269-7491 VL - 227 SP - 64 EP - 72 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Knoop, Christine A1 - Dornack, Christina A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Nutrient and heavy metal accumulation in municipal organic waste from separate collection during anaerobic digestion in a two-stage laboratory biogas plant T2 - Bioresource Technology Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.026 SN - 1873-2976 VL - 239 SP - 437 EP - 446 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Boldt-Burisch, Katja A1 - Pohle, Ina A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Advancing performance of green technologies for remediation and reclamation of degraded urban soils Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-944863-18-4 SN - 978-3-944863-19-1 PB - United Nations University, Institute for Integrated Management of Material Fluxes and of Resources CY - Dresden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Knoop, Christine A1 - Dornack, Christina A1 - Raab, Thomas ED - Bockreis, Anke T1 - Trocknen oder Kompostieren? Auswirkung auf die Düngeeigenschaften von Gärresten aus der Bioabfallvergärung T2 - Tagungsband 7. Wissenschaftskongress Abfall- und Ressourcenwirtschaft am 16. und 17. März 2017 an der RWTH Aachen N2 - Mit der Einführung der flächendeckenden Getrenntsammlung von Bioabfällen und im Zuge der Förderpolitikentwicklung unter dem EEG wird ein verstärkter Einsatz von Bioabfällen in Biogasanlagen erwartet. Die Gärreste sollen im Sinne der Kreislaufwirtschaft als organischer Bodenverbesserer eingesetzt werden. Neben inhaltlichen Anforderungen schreibt die BioAbfV eine Hygienisierung der Gärreste vor. Dies kann im Anschluss an die Vergärung durch Trocknung oder Kompostierung realisiert werden. Die vorgestellte Forschungsarbeit befasst sich mit Frage wie sich das gewählte Hygienisierungsverfahren auf die Düngeeigenschaften der Gärreste auswirkt. Für die Untersuchung wurden 3 Gärrestchargen aus einer 2-stufigen Biogasanlage (GICON-Biogastechnikum Cottbus) getrocknet (BTU Labor) und kompostiert (Kompostwerk Becker Umweltdienste). Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die getrockneten Gärreste einen höheren Anteil an sehr schnell verfügbaren, eluierbaren Nährstoffen und Schwermetallen aufweisen. Der Nmin-Gehalt des getrockneten Gärrestes ist ebenfalls höher. Durch die Kompostierung kommt es zur Aufkonzentration von Elementen im Gärrest. Diese weisen aber eine geringere Eluierbarkeit auf. Der Anteil an pflanzenverfügbarem P ist im kompostierten Gärrest höher. Auf die Verfügbarkeit von K hat das Aufbereitungsverfahren keinen signifikanten Einfluss. Beide Aufbereitungsverfahren bieten Vor- und Nachteile im Hinblick auf die potentielle Wirkung des Gärrestes auf Boden- und Pflanzenentwicklung. Eine eindeutige Empfehlung für ein Aufbereitungsverfahren kann daher nicht gegeben werden. Y1 - 2017 SN - 978-3-903122-78-9 SP - 131 EP - 135 PB - Innsbruck University Press CY - Innsbruck ET - 1. Auflage ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Alexandra T1 - Auf den Spuren der Köhlermeister Brandenburgs T2 - arcAKTUELL Y1 - 2015 UR - http://arcaktuell.de/03-2015/#/45 SN - 1617-8394 SN - 1617-8408 IS - 3 SP - 45 ER - TY - GEN ED - Schwab, Markus ED - Błaszkiewicz, Mirek ED - Raab, Thomas ED - Wilmking, Martin ED - Brauer, Achim T1 - ICLEA Final Symposium 2017, Human Impact and Landscape Evolution in the Southern Baltic Lowlands, Abstract Volume & Excursion Guide Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b103-17037 UR - http://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de/pubman/item/escidoc:2215927 PB - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences CY - Potsdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Bonhage, Alexander ED - Schwab, Markus ED - Błaszkiewicz, Mirek ED - Raab, Thomas ED - Wilmking, Martin ED - Brauer, Achim T1 - Late Quaternary landscape development and legacies of human‐induced land use changes in Lower Lusatia, South Brandenburg, Germany T2 - ICLEA Final Symposium 2017, Human Impact and Landscape Evolution in the Southern Baltic Lowlands, Abstract Volume & Excursion Guide Y1 - 2017 UR - http://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de/pubman/item/escidoc:2215927 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2312/GFZ.b103-17037 SP - 182 EP - 198 PB - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences CY - Potsdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Ouimet, William A1 - Dethier, David ED - Schwab, Markus ED - Błaszkiewicz, Mirek ED - Raab, Thomas ED - Wilmking, Martin ED - Brauer, Achim T1 - Late Holocene biochar enrichment in soils ‐ implications of an anthropogenic legacy for ecosystems T2 - ICLEA Final Symposium 2017, Human Impact and Landscape Evolution in the Southern Baltic Lowlands, Abstract Volume & Excursion Guide Y1 - 2017 UR - http://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de/pubman/item/escidoc:2215927 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2312/GFZ.b103-17037 SP - 79 EP - 81 PB - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences CY - Potsdam ER -