TY - GEN A1 - Seitz, Steffen A1 - Veste, Maik T1 - Bryophyte-lichens dominated biological soil crusts affect soils and ecohydrology in temperate forests in Germany T2 - EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria & Online | 23–27 May 2022 N2 - Forest dieback can be both a consequence and a cause of climate change. The changing climate does not only lead to temperature increases but also changes in the precipitation regime. Extreme events have increased sharply in recent years, making drought and heat waves ubiquitous. Meanwhile, for temperate forests, drought stress is considered one of the most serious impacts of climate change. In this context, forest soils are of great importance in their hydrological functions, as well as their feedbacks with ground vegetation. In this context, biological soil crusts are key drivers of functional processes and ecosystem development, also under forest, where they have been less studied so far. Bryophyte and lichen dominated communities can importantly affect e.g. water storage and discharge as well as soil development and stabilization. Moreover, they contribute to carbon and nitrogen cycling and play an important role in biogeochemical processes. Their species composition depends on soil properties such as texture and pH, on microclimate and as poikilohydric plants, their ecophysiology is strongly dependent on water availability, differing in time and space. KW - Biological soil crusts KW - ecohydrology KW - forests Y1 - 2022 UR - https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU22/EGU22-12352.html U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-12352 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Majaura, Marie A1 - Böhm, Christian A1 - Freese, Dirk T1 - Effects of agroforestry systems on microclimate and water availability as determinants for sustainable soil productivity T2 - 4th World Congress on Agroforestry : 20-22 May 2019, Le Corum, Montpellier, France, Book of Abstracts N2 - Recent studies have shown that hedgerows in short rotation alley cropping systems (SRACS) can improve the microclimate in adjacent crop alleys through, e.g., a reduction of daytime temperature, wind speed and evaporation (Kanzler et al. 2018). Improved microclimatic conditions may positively affect crop yields by increasing the availability of water for the crop. However, studies that examine the interdependencies between microclimate changes caused by hedgerows in SRACS, water availability and crop yields are rare. In a poplar SRACS, we investigate with high spatial and temporal resolution if changes in microclimate affect water availability for two crops and crop yields. For this purpose, we use stationary weather stations installed in a transect and mobile sensors in four strips running parallel to the stationary transect at different distances from tree strips (Fig. 1) and in a monoculture. At all measuring points air temperature, air humidity and Piché evaporation will be continuously determined. In addition, wind speed, global radiation and precipitation will be measured at the stationary weather stations. Furthermore, transpiration of crops will be determined at different times close to all microclimate points. Subsequent crop yield sampling will then enable us to determine the degree to which tree strips in ACS influence microclimate and water availability for crops at different distances from tree strips and how these relate to small-scale changes in crop yield. Y1 - 2019 UR - https://agroforestry2019.cirad.fr/replay/book-of-abstracts SP - 669 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Repmann, Frank T1 - Soil properties of selected marginal lands in Europe - hazard indicators T2 - European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2017 Vienna, Austria, 23–28 April 2017 N2 - Soils of marginal lands are characterized by a variety of different soil conditions depending on substrate properties, climate influences, the availability or even the excess of water. However, a number of soil properties can be found frequently at marginal sites which can be regarded as main restrictions of marginal lands and which clearly limit the potential of such sites with regard to land use potentials. The Muencheberg Soil Quality Rating Index (SQR) considers the most important soil related factors responsible for these restrictions. Examples are acidification processes, soil compaction and water saturation or salinization. These soil properties are assessed as “soil hazard indicators” and have crucial impact on the overall soil score provided by the SQR concept for soils of marginal sites. This paper gives an overview of the importance of different soil hazard indicators found at case study sites of the H2020 project SEEMLA. These sites are located in Greece, Ukraine and Germany and represent a large variety of different climatic and geological conditions within Europe. Even if the occurrence of the single site limitations depends on regional conditions some generalizations are possible. Based on the respective dominating soil related restrictions a classification of types of marginality and of marginal lands can be derived. Y1 - 2017 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2017/EGU2017-18840.pdf N1 - EGU2017-18840 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ma, Yunyao A1 - Weber, Bettina A1 - Raggio Quílez, José A1 - Colesie, Claudia A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Bader, Maaike Y. A1 - Porada, Philipp T1 - Determining key drivers of the annual carbon budget of biocrusts in different climatic zones T2 - EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria & Online | 23–27 May 2022 N2 - Biocrusts are distributed over all climate zones of the world and they substantially contribute to ecosystem functioning. Their growth, determined by their carbon balance, can be affected by various climatic drivers. The effects of individual drivers are clear from laboratory experiments, but the relative importance of different drivers along climatic gradients and their underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Moreover, the effects of seasonal acclimation on the annual carbon balance are not fully understood either. Therefore, we aim at determining the level and variation of annual biocrust carbon balances and their connection to climatic drivers along environmental gradients. In addition, we explore the role that acclimation plays in the carbon balance of biocrusts KW - biocrusts, photosynthesis, carbon Y1 - 2022 UR - https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU22/EGU22-3714.html U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-3714 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Krümmelbein, Julia A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Soil physical parameters on a recently established agricultrural recultivation site in Eastern Germany T2 - ISTRO 18th Triennial Conference Proceedings, June 15-19, 2009, Izmir, Turkey Y1 - 2009 UR - http://iworx5.webxtra.net/~istroorg/download/ISTRO%202009%20Proceedings.zip SP - T4-028-01 EP - T4-028-04 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Baumann, K. A1 - Schneider, Bernd Uwe A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Root distribution and nutrient status of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal Pinus sylvestris L. seedlings growing in a sandy substrate with lignite fragment Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Grünewald, Holger A1 - Brandt, B. F. A1 - Bens, Oliver T1 - Production of biomass for energy transformation purposes in agroforestry systems Y1 - 2004 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kanzler, Michael A1 - Böhm, Christian A1 - Mirck, Jaconette A1 - Schmitt, Dieter A1 - Veste, Maik ED - Böhm, Christian T1 - Einfluss agroforstlicher Nutzung auf das Mikroklima, den Ackerfruchtertrag und die potentielle Evaporation T2 - Bäume in der Land(wirt)schaft - von der Theorie in die Praxis, Tagungsband mit Beiträgen des 5. Forums Agroforstsysteme 30.11. bis 01.12.2016 in Senftenberg (OT Brieske) N2 - Der folgende Beitrag widmet sich der Frage, inwieweit sich mikroklimatische Änderungen in einem Agroforstsystem (AFS) bedingt durch die Gehölzkomponente kleinräumig auf die gemessene Evaporation sowie auf die Produktivität von Winterweizen (Triticum aestivum) auswirken. Hierfür wurden im Zeitraum von März bis August 2016 Untersuchungen auf einem ca. 40 ha großen Agroforstschlag und einer angrenzenden, konventionell bewirtschafteten Freifläche bei Neu Sacro (Landkreis Spree-Neiße, Brandenburg) durchgeführt. Neben mikroklimatischen Kenngrößen wie der Lufttemperatur, der relativen Luftfeuchte, der Windgeschwindigkeit und der Globalstrahlung wurde auch die Evaporation nach Piche bestimmt. Ergänzend wurden Ertragsmessungen zum Kornertrag und Messungen zum Blattflächenindex (LAI) des angebauten Winterweizens durchgeführt. Neben Änderungen der Tagesminima der relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit im Nahbereich der Gehölzstreifen wurde eine Reduktion der durchschnittlichen Windgeschwindigkeit von bis zu 51 % gegenüber der Freifläche festgestellt. Die Minderung der Evaporation im Vergleich zur Freifläche betrug je nach Witterung bzw. Nähe zum Gehölzstreifen bis zu 58 % und wurde dabei maßgeblich durch die Windgeschwindigkeit beeinflusst. Räumliche Unterschiede ergaben sich auch bezüglich des Kornertrags sowie beim LAI. So fielen die Kornerträge im Agroforstsystem mit bis zu 9,2 t ha-1 gegenüber ca. 7,0 t ha-1 für die Referenzfläche überwiegend höher aus. Mit Ausnahme des Leebereichs in 3 m Entfernung zum Gehölzstreifen lagen auch die LAI-Werte des AFS über jenen der angrenzenden Freifläche. Diese ersten Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass in AFS durch Gehölzstrukturen neben der Windgeschwindigkeit auch die Wasserverdunstung im Bereich der angrenzenden Ackerkulturen gemindert werden kann. Die mikroklimatischen Unterschiede wirkten sich dabei potentiell auch positiv auf das Wachstumsverhalten bzw. den Ertrag des Winterweizens aus. Vor dem Hintergrund einer Verringerung der potentiellen Evaporation und einer hieraus resultierenden höheren Wasserverfügbarkeit für die Ackerkulturen könnte die agroforstliche Landnutzung zukünftig auch für trockenheitsgefährdete Gebiete Mitteleuropas eine vorteilhafte Anpassungsstrategie des Ackerbaus an den Klimawandel darstellen. Y1 - 2017 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-41487 SN - 978-3-940471-27-7 SP - 127 EP - 131 PB - BTU CY - Cottbus ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Krümmelbein, Julia A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Development of soil physical parameters on initial landforms - An example from a post-mining recultuivation site in Lusatia, East Germany T2 - AGU Fall Meeting Suppl. N2 - Recultivation efforts in mining areas attempt to regenerate soils and landscapes for various land use options and create initial conditions which are beneficial for the development of the future ecosystems. On very young landforms physical and chemical properties of soils play a major role for the further evolution of the developing ecosystem as well as the landforms itself. Less is known about the very first alterations of physical parameters in accordance to different land uses and recultivation practices. Our study deals with the agricultural recultivation of post lignite mining areas in Lusatia, East Germany. The sandy substrate used for recultivation stems from depths of several meters and is therefore free of recent soil organic matter. The substrate itself is unstructured. After it has been excavated and transported on conveyor belts to the recultivation site, it is piled up to dams of a height of 1-4 m and levelled off with heavy crawlers. During these processes the substrate is subjected to strong mechanical stresses. This practice induces compaction which causes decreasing yields of agricultural crops to a certain extent. In this context we are investigating the effect of different organic soil additives in combination with different recultivation crop rotations on the development of soil structure for improved agricultural land use. Our experimental site has recently been heaped up and levelled off. On the 25 experimental sub areas 2175 undisturbed soil samples were taken out of three soil depths to characterize initial physical properties before any recultivation measures have been applied,. We present laboratory results of this status-quo sampling. The results indicate that the site is very heterogeneous in terms of mechanical stability, bulk density, total pore volume, saturated hydraulic conductivity and air permeability. Moreover, our results show that bulk density is not an appropriate parameter to derive soil functions, e.g. permeability or stability. Additionally we found that even in areas of bulk densities > 1.8 g/cm3 and with an inclination < 2 % impressive run-off and gully erosion developed during heavy rainfall events. We conclude that initial processes altering soil physical parameters play a major role for the landform evolution within the first 12 months after dumping. Further studies should reveal the mid-term impact of organic additives on the soils after 7 yrs. Y1 - 2009 SP - EP31B-0593 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Quinkenstein, Ansgar A1 - Carrero Bastos, Lina Tatiana A1 - Freese, Dirk ED - Böhm, Christian T1 - Root distribution of black locust trees in an alley cropping system T2 - Bäume in der Land(wirt)schaft - von der Theorie in die Praxis, Tagungsband mit Beiträgen des 5. Forums Agroforstsysteme 30.11. bis 01.12.2016 in Senftenberg (OT Brieske) N2 - In a five-year old alley cropping system in Brandenburg, Germany, the extension of the root system of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) trees into the neighbouring agricultural field alleys was investigated. Along transects between the hedgerows and the middle of the neighbouring field alleys, samples were collected at distances of 1.30, 4.3 and 49.3 m to the hedgerow border and for the soil depths 0-15, 15-30, 30-45 and 45-60 cm by using an auger with a diameter of 8 cm. Roots were separated from the soil by means of washing and sieving. The root samples were then sorted and analysed for root length densities and dry masses. The results indicate a logarithmic decrease of root length densities and root masses of black locust with increasing distance to the trees, although, the number of positive samples was too small to conduct a substantiated statistical analysis. In result, the authors assume that the tree roots did not extend into the agricultural alley for the considered soil depths substantially, but, nevertheless, suggest a modified sampling method or/and the investigation of older tree stands for future studies. Y1 - 2017 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-41487 SN - 978-3-940471-27-7 SP - 163 EP - 167 PB - BTU CY - Cottbus ER - TY - GEN ED - Veste, Maik ED - Felde, Vincent John Martin Noah Linus ED - Warren, Steven D. ED - Pietrasiak, Nicole T1 - Ecological Development and Functioning of Biological Soil Crusts After Natural and Human Disturbances N2 - Biological soil crusts (BSCs) develop when various combinations of diminutive cyanobacteria, eukaryotic algae, non-lichenized fungi, lichens, and/or bryophytes occupy the upper few millimeters of the soil and raw material. They can be present in a wide range of ecological, including successional, and climatic conditions when and where disturbance and/or aridity have resulted in opportunities for colonization. However, they are most prevalent in arid, semiarid and polar ecosystems where vascular plant cover and diversity are characteristically low, leaving large areas available for colonization by some combination of the organismal groups mentioned above. The ecological roles of BSCs are numerous and diverse, and include the collection, accumulation and cycling of essential airborne and soil nutrients, redistribution of precipitated water, and soil formation and stabilization. KW - Biological soil crusts Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-2-88971-255-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88971-255-7 PB - Frontiers Media SA CY - Lausanne, Switzerland ER -