TY - CHAP A1 - Kanzler, Michael A1 - Böhm, Christian A1 - Mirck, Jaconette A1 - Schmitt, Dieter A1 - Veste, Maik ED - Kage, Henning ED - Sieling, K. ED - Francke-Weltmann, L. T1 - Agroforstliche Nutzungsstrategien zur Sicherung der landwirtschaftlichen Produktion im Kontext steigender Urbanisierung und den Folgen des Klimawandels T2 - Anfoerungen an den Pflanzenbau in einer sich urbanisierenden Welt, 60. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Pflanzenbauwissenschaften e.V., 26. bis 28. September 2017, Witzenhausen N2 - Derzeit lebt mehr als die Hälfte der Weltbevölkerung in Städten, Tendenz weiter steigend. Die Sicherstellung der Versorgung dieser Menschen mit Nahrungsmitteln wird künftig den Druck auf die Landwirtschaft in ländlichen Gebieten weiter erhöhen. Die Nahrungsmittelproduktion wird dabei stärker als zuvor durch das Umweltbewusstsein der Verbraucher einerseits und andererseits durch die Verminderung landwirtschaftlicher Produktionsfläche zugunsten der Stadtentwicklung beeinflusst werden (Vira et al. 2015). Die Folgen des Klimawandels (u.a. reduzierte Wasserverfügbarkeit, höheren Verdunstung, Zunahme von Witterungsextremen) werden zu Ertragsschwankungen führen (EEA 2017) und so die Landwirtschaft vor neue Herausforderungen stellen. Dies gilt vor allem für ertragsschwächere Standorte mit einem hohen Risiko für klimawandelbedingte Witterungseinflüsse. Vor diesem Hintergrund kann die agroforstliche Landnutzung, durch eine höhere Adaptionsfähigkeit gegenüber der Klimavariabilität (Kanzler et al. 2016) und der Möglichkeit zur ökologischen Aufwertung von Ackerflächen, aktiv zu einer stabilen, leistungsfähigen Landwirtschaft beitragen. Der folgende Beitrag widmet sich Untersuchungsergebnissen aus der Vegetationsperiode 2017 zum Mikroklima auf einem agroforstlich genutzten Ackerstandort in der Lausitz, Brandenburg. Y1 - 2017 UR - https://www.gpw.uni-kiel.de/de/jahrestagung/tagungsbaende/tagungsband-2017 SP - 54 EP - 55 PB - Liddy Halm CY - Göttingen ER - TY - GEN A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Felde, Vincent John Martin Noah Linus A1 - Warren, Steven D. A1 - Pietrasiak, Nicole T1 - Editorial: Ecological Development and Functioning of Biological Soil Crusts After Natural and Human Disturbances T2 - Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution N2 - In recent years, the importance of soil health for ecosystem functions has come further into the scientific focus (Lehmann et al., 2020). Especially after severe ecosystem disturbances, soil formation has to start anew. Such disturbances, which reset ecosystem development to the starting point, can be of natural (volcanoes, mobile sand dunes, floods, glaciers) (La Farge et al., 2013; Lan et al., 2014) or human origin (post-mining landscapes, military training areas, agricultural lands) (Belnap et al., 2007; Schaaf et al., 2011). In these young ecosystems, the interactions between the initial colonizers, the inorganic matter, and the subsequent biogeochemical processes are an important prerequisite for the development of elemental fluxes, soil genesis, and thus for further ecosystem development. Y1 - 2021 UR - https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2021.713584/full U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.713584 SN - 2296-701X VL - 9 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Gypser, Stella A1 - Subbotina, Maria A1 - Veste, Maik T1 - Synergic hydraulic and nutritional feedback mechanisms control surface patchiness of biological soil crusts on tertiary sands at a post-mining site T2 - Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics N2 - In a recultivation area located in Brandenburg, Germany, five types of biocrusts (initial BSC1, developed BSC2 and BSC3, mosses, lichens) and non-crusted mineral substrate were sampled on tertiary sand deposited in 1985- 1986 to investigate hydrologic interactions between crust patches. Crust biomass was lowest in the non-crusted substrate, increased to the initial BSC1 and peaked in the developed BSC2, BSC3, the lichens and the mosses. Water infiltration was highest on the substrate, and decreased to BSC2, BSC1 and BSC3. Non-metric multidimensional scaling revealed that the lichens and BSC3 were associated with water soluble nutrients and with pyrite weathering products, thus representing a high nutrient low hydraulic feedback mode. The mosses and BSC2 represented a low nutrient high hydraulic feedback mode. These feedback mechanisms were considered as synergic, consisting of run-off generating (low hydraulic) and run-on receiving (high hydraulic) BSC patches. Three scenarios for BSC succession were proposed. (1) Initial BSCs sealed the surface until they reached a successional stage (represented by BSC1) from which the development into either of the feedback modes was triggered, (2) initial heterogeneities of the mineral substrate controlled the development of the feedback mode, and (3) complex interactions between lichens and mosses occurred at later stages of system development. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2478/johh-2014-0038 SN - 0042-790X VL - 62 IS - 4 SP - 293 EP - 302 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Schillem, Steffi A1 - Böhm, Christian ED - Veste, Maik ED - Böhm, Christian T1 - Baumarten für die Agrarholzproduktion T2 - Agrarholz – Schnellwachsende Bäume in der Landwirtschaft : Biologie - Ökologie - Management Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-662-49930-6 SN - 978-3-662-49931-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49931-3_4 SP - 81 EP - 118 PB - Springer Spektrum CY - Berlin [u.a.] ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Böhm, Christian A1 - Veste, Maik ED - Veste, Maik ED - Böhm, Christian T1 - Anbau und Nutzung schnellwachsender Bäume in der Landwirtschaft - ein Ausblick T2 - Agrarholz – Schnellwachsende Bäume in der Landwirtschaft : Biologie - Ökologie - Management Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-662-49930-6 SN - 978-3-662-49931-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49931-3_15 SP - 511 EP - 523 PB - Springer Spektrum CY - Berlin [u.a.] ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kanzler, Michael A1 - Böhm, Christian A1 - Mirck, Jaconette A1 - Schmitt, Dieter A1 - Veste, Maik ED - Kage, Henning ED - Sieling, K. ED - Francke-Weltmann, L. T1 - Agroforstliche Landnutzung als Anpassungsstrategie an den Klimawandel T2 - Klimawandel und Qualität, Kurzfassungen der Vorträge und Poster, 59. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Pflanzenbauwissenschaften e.V., 27. bis 29. September 2016, Gießen N2 - Der parallele Anbau von Ackerfrüchten und Agrarholz in Agroforstsystemen führt zu einer ökologischen Aufwertung der landwirtschaftlichen Nutzfläche und hat auch positive Auswirkungen auf das Mikroklima zwischen den Gehölzstreifen. Bei streifenförmigen Agroforstsystemen (Alley Cropping) in Brandenburg konnte eine deutliche Reduktion der Windgeschwindigkeit und von Temperaturextremen sowie ein Anstieg der relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit beobachtet werden (Böhm et al. 2014, Kanzler et al. 2015). Eine Reduzierung der Windgeschwindigkeit führt zudem zu einer Minderung der potentiellen Evaporation. Dabei stellt sich die Frage, wie sich diese Veränderungen kleinräumig auf die gemessene Evaporation und auf die Produktivität der Ackerkulturen auswirken. Y1 - 2016 UR - https://www.gpw.uni-kiel.de/de/jahrestagung/tagungsbaende/tagungsband-2016/at_download/file SP - 126 EP - 127 PB - Verlag Liddy Halm CY - Göttingen ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hashar, Mohammad Rafiul A1 - Nasrin, Shamima A1 - Freese, Dirk A1 - Veste, Maik T1 - Study of phosphorus status and sorption properties in reclaimed lignite mine soils under different age stands of Robinia pseudoacacia L. in Welzow, Germany T2 - Land Degradation & Development N2 - AbstractDue to the open‐cast mining activities, a large area in the Lusatian region in eastern Germany was left unproductive. Robinia pseudoacacia L. was planted within different ages in that large area as a short rotation coppice for woody biomass cultivation as well as to increase soil nutrients by increasing plant phosphorous (P) availability, accumulating organic matter input and biological nitrogen fixation. In this experiment, soil chemical analysis has been done to investigate the improvement and status of P in the mining soil depending on the ages of plantation (16, 17, 18, and 27 years old) of Robinia pseudoacacia L. The results show a higher P sorption in the oldest site, and the average P sorption capacity (PSC) obtained in the oldest site was 21.0 mmol Kg−1, which was 3–4 times higher than the youngest site. However, all the values were very low compared with the optimum plant growth level, and low P desorption indicates a low level of plant‐available P in the soil. The lower sorption properties with the small amount of oxalate iron (Feox) and oxalate aluminum (Alox) indicate the general P deficiency in the soil. However, a comparison from a previous study on the same experimental areas shows that not much improvement has occurred in soil P, and the change in soil P dynamics is very low. Nevertheless, the improvement of the values with increasing ages of Robinia pseudoacacia L. indicates that further improvement may be expected in soil nutrients with time. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.5214 SN - 1085-3278 PB - Wiley ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ma, Yunyao A1 - Weber, Bettina A1 - Kratz, Alexandra A1 - Raggio, José A1 - Colesie, Claudia A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Bader, Maaike Y. A1 - Porada, Philipp T1 - Exploring environmental and physiological drivers of the annual carbon budget of biocrusts from various climatic zones with a mechanistic data-driven model T2 - Biogeosciences N2 - Biocrusts are a worldwide phenomenon, contributing substantially to ecosystem functioning. Their growth and survival depend on multiple environmental factors, including climatic ones, and the relations of these factors to physiological processes. Responses of biocrusts to individual environmental factors have been examined in a large number of field and laboratory experiments. These observational data, however, have rarely been assembled into a comprehensive, consistent framework that allows quantitative exploration of the roles of multiple environmental factors and physiological properties for the performance of biocrusts, in particular across climatic regions. Here we used a data-driven mechanistic modelling framework to simulate the carbon balance of biocrusts, a key measure of their growth and survival. We thereby assessed the relative importance of physiological and environmental factors for the carbon balance at six study sites that differ in climatic conditions. Moreover, we examined the role of seasonal acclimation of physiological properties using our framework, since the effects of this process on the carbon balance of biocrusts are poorly constrained so far. We found substantial effects of air temperature, CO2 concentration, and physiological parameters that are related to respiration on biocrust carbon balance, which differ, however, in their patterns across regions. The ambient CO2 concentration is the most important factor for biocrusts from drylands, while air temperature has the strongest impact at alpine and temperate sites. Metabolic respiration cost plays a more important role than optimum temperature for gross photosynthesis at the alpine site; this is not the case, however, in drylands and temperate regions. Moreover, we estimated a small annual carbon gain of 1.5  by lichen-dominated biocrust and 1.9  by moss-dominated biocrust at a dryland site, while the biocrusts lost a large amount of carbon at some of the temperate sites (e.g. −92.1 for lichen-dominated and −74.7  for moss-dominated biocrust). These strongly negative values contradict the observed survival of the organisms at the sites and may be caused by the uncertainty in environmental conditions and physiological parameters, which we assessed in a sensitivity analysis. Another potential explanation for this result may be the lack of acclimation in the modelling approach, since the carbon balance can increase substantially when testing for seasonally varying parameters in the sensitivity analysis. We conclude that the uncertainties in air temperature, CO2 concentration, respiration-related physiological parameters, and the absence of seasonal acclimation in the model for humid temperate and alpine regions may be a relevant source of error and should be taken into account in future approaches that aim at estimating the long-term biocrust carbon balance based on ecophysiological data. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/20/2553/2023/bg-20-2553-2023.html U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2553-2023 SN - 1726-4189 VL - 20 IS - 13 SP - 2553 EP - 2572 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Kholiavko, Tatiana A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Veste, Maik T1 - Soil respiration responses of moss and lichen biocoenoses to moderate and severe rain events after summer drought in a temperate early-successional ecosystem T2 - Ecohydrology N2 - It is commonly accepted that CO2 efflux increases with soil water content in aerated soils and that rewetting after periods of soil drying can result in respiration pulses. It has further been shown that soil pores may become water logged which can impede soil gas exchange. The present study aimed to quantify the carbon response of moss (Polytrichum piliferum) and lichen (Cladonia coniocraea) biocoenoses to different quantities of rain in an artificial catchment, which granted that the starting point of the development of both biocoenoses was the same. To address this aim, we conducted in situ soil moisture and soil respiration measurements, where soil respiration was hypothesised to emerge from a cryptogamic vegetation layer and from mineral soil beneath. We found that higher water-holding capacity of the moss layer and higher accumulation of organic matter in the upper mineral soil under mosses result in higher amounts of water stored near the surface. As a consequence, evaporation of water as well as pulses of CO2 efflux after moderate rain following a period of drought were higher in the moss biocoenosis, where the upper mineral soil was of key importance. In contrast, the lichen biocoenosis facilitated penetration of rainwater into the deep soil. Superimposing rewetting pulses, near-saturation of soil pores with water after severe rain resulted in gas exchange inhibition and diminished soil respiration until subsequent aeration in both biocoenoses KW - biocrusts KW - Hühnerwasser KW - respiration KW - soils Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.2578 SN - 1936-0592 VL - 16 IS - 7 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mantovani, Dario A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Boldt-Burisch, Katja A1 - Fritsch, Simone A1 - Koning, Laurie Anne A1 - Freese, Dirk T1 - Carbon allocation, nodulation, and biological nitrogen fixation of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) under soil water limitation T2 - Annals of Forest Research N2 - The pioneer tree black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is a drought-resistant tree and, in symbiosis with Rhizobium, able to fix dinitrogen from the atmosphere. It is, therefore, an interesting species for marginal lands where soil amelioration is sought in addition to economic gain. However, the interaction between soil water availability, carbon allocation and nitrogen fixation is important for a successful establishment of trees on marginal lands and has not yet been investigated for black locust. Twoyear-old trees were grown under various soil water conditions and drought cycles. The stable isotopic composition of C (δ 13C) and N (δ 15N) of the leaves was used to identify i) the effective drought condition of the treatments and ii) the portion N accrued from the atmosphere by the biological nitrogen fixation. Drought-stressed plants significantly reduced their total aboveground biomass production, which was linearly linked to tree transpiration. The shoot:root ratio values changed from 2.2 for the drought-stressed to 4.3 for the well-watered plants. Our investigation shows that drought stress increases the nodule biomass of black locust in order to maintain biological nitrogen fixation and to counteract the lower soil nitrogen availability. The biological nitrogen fixation of drought-stressed trees could be maintained at relatively higher values compared to the well-watered trees. The average leaf nitrogen content varied between 2.8% and 3.0% and was not influenced by the drought stress. Carbon fixation, carbon allocation, and biological nitrogen fixation are to some extent balanced at low irrigation and allow Robinia to cope with long-term water constraints. The combination of black locust’s ecophysiological and morphological plasticity make it interesting as a biomass source for bioenergy and timber production, even in nutrient-limited and drought-affected areas of Europe. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.15287/afr.2015.420 SN - 2065-2445 VL - 58 IS - 2 SP - 259 EP - 274 ER -