TY - CHAP A1 - Böhm, Christian A1 - Veste, Maik ED - Veste, Maik ED - Böhm, Christian T1 - Anbau und Nutzung schnellwachsender Bäume in der Landwirtschaft - ein Ausblick T2 - Agrarholz – Schnellwachsende Bäume in der Landwirtschaft : Biologie - Ökologie - Management Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-662-49930-6 SN - 978-3-662-49931-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49931-3_15 SP - 511 EP - 523 PB - Springer Spektrum CY - Berlin [u.a.] ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Schillem, Steffi A1 - Böhm, Christian ED - Veste, Maik ED - Böhm, Christian T1 - Baumarten für die Agrarholzproduktion T2 - Agrarholz – Schnellwachsende Bäume in der Landwirtschaft : Biologie - Ökologie - Management Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-662-49930-6 SN - 978-3-662-49931-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49931-3_4 SP - 81 EP - 118 PB - Springer Spektrum CY - Berlin [u.a.] ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Böhm, Christian ED - Veste, Maik ED - Böhm, Christian T1 - Nachhaltige Holzproduktion in der Agrarlandschaft T2 - Agrarholz – Schnellwachsende Bäume in der Landwirtschaft : Biologie - Ökologie - Management Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-662-49930-6 SN - 978-3-662-49931-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49931-3_1 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - Springer Spektrum CY - Berlin [u.a.] ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Seserman, Diana-Maria A1 - Pohle, Ina A1 - Freese, Dirk A1 - Veste, Maik T1 - Climate Change Impacts on the Growth of Hybrid Poplar Trees in an Agroforestry System in Brandenburg, NE Germany T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2018, Vienna, Austria N2 - Climate change is expected in Brandenburg, eastern Germany, in terms of increasing annual temperature and changes in climate variability, as well as the number of extreme weather events. Since agroforestry systems have a planning horizon of several decades, long-term yield assessments are required in order to evaluate the economic profitability and environmental sustainability of such systems. Accordingly, our aim was to simulate the tree growth of poplar trees (Populus nigra x P. maximowiczii) in an agroforestry system in Brandenburg for the next forty years. For this purpose, we used the process-oriented Yield-SAFE model, a parameter-sparse, biophysical model developed for the simulation of plant growth in agroforestry systems. For the investigated period from 2011 to 2014, the validation simulations showed clear correlations with the observed values for woody tree biomass. For the unfolding period from 2015 to 2055, a variety of possible climate changes (including higher evaporation requirements and reduced water availability) and their uncertainties were incorporated into our assessment. The tree yield sensitivity to future climatic conditions was evaluated using 100 realizations of a scenario of the statistical regional climate model Statistical Analogue Resampling Scheme (STAR), which assumes an increase in annual temperature of 2K, as well as decreasing annual precipitation by 30–40 mm. The Yield-SAFE model responded sensitively to changes in the meteorological input data, showing that (1) shifts in temperature and/or precipitation would have a directly proportional influence on tree growth and (2) the impact of potential climate changes on tree growth must be assessed in terms of the complex interaction of various influencing factors. This was evidenced, for example, by the fact that higher average annual temperatures could either increase the tree growth due to a prolonged vegetation period or, on the contrary, decrease the tree growth due to higher potential evapotranspiration. The model results are important for the sustainable planning and management of agroforestry systems, upcoming risk assessments, and example analysis of adaptation scenarios in the near and distant future. Y1 - 2018 UR - https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2018/EGU2018-13178.pdf N1 - EGU2018-13178 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Seserman, Diana-Maria A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Freese, Dirk A1 - Swieter, Anita A1 - Langhof, Maren T1 - Benefits of agroforestry systems for land equivalent ratio - case studies in Brandenburg and Lower Saxony, Germany T2 - Proceedings of the 4th European Agroforestry Conference Agroforestry as Sustainable Land Use 28-30 May 2018, Nijmegen, The Netherlands N2 - Transitioning towards agroforestry demands systematic productivity assessments of such systems under different climatic and edaphic conditions. In this regard, the Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) serves as a valuable productivity indicator of agroforestry since it evaluates yields from growing trees and crops together in comparison to yields from monocultures over the same period. Consequently, our objective was to evaluate the overall productivity of two agroforestry systems in Forst (Brandenburg) and Wendhausen (Lower Saxony) by means of LER. Our approach followed two assumptions: (i) the yields of trees and crops had equal economic importance and (ii) the economic importance was given solely by the annual crop, the yield of trees representing a supplementary profit. The resulted values for LER were consistently above their specific threshold, corroborating the greater efficiency of agroforestry systems rather than monoculture. Additionally, this study highlighted the importance of choosing the appropriate assumptions when calculating the LER. Y1 - 2018 UR - https://www.repository.utl.pt/bitstream/10400.5/15589/1/REP-CEF-EURAF-conference_book.pdf SN - 978-84-09-02384-4 SP - 26 EP - 29 PB - University of Santiago de Compostela CY - Santiago de Compostela ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Pflugmacher, Candy A1 - Hartmann, Holger A1 - Schlepphorst, Rainer A1 - Murach, Dieter ED - Veste, Maik ED - Böhm, Christian T1 - Ökophysiologie der Agrargehölze - vom Blatt zum Bestand T2 - Agrarholz – Schnellwachsende Bäume in der Landwirtschaft : Biologie - Ökologie - Management Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-662-49930-6 SN - 978-3-662-49931-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49931-3_7 SP - 169 EP - 227 PB - Springer Spektrum CY - Berlin [u.a.] ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Böhm, Christian A1 - Veste, Maik ED - Veste, Maik ED - Böhm, Christian T1 - Agrarholzanbau im Kontext einer modernen Landwirtschaft T2 - Agrarholz – Schnellwachsende Bäume in der Landwirtschaft : Biologie - Ökologie - Management Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-662-49930-6 SN - 978-3-662-49931-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49931-3_3 SP - 57 EP - 79 PB - Springer Spektrum CY - Berlin [u.a.] ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Seserman, Diana-Maria A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Freese, Dirk T1 - Optimisation of biomass productivity of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) on marginal lands - a case study in Lower Lusatia, NE Germany T2 - European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2017 Vienna, Austria, 23–28 April 2017 N2 - The profitability of reclaiming post-mining areas depends on the tree biomass productivity and the restoration of ecosystem functions, such as improving soil and water quality. Agroforestry systems, regarded as combined land-use systems of trees and crops, have the ability to facilitate soil development while reducing wind speed, soil erosion and evaporation. Achieving the maximum biomass productivity of the tree stands depends on the corresponding soil conditions and water availability, but is also influenced by stand structure and the competition between individual trees. For this purpose, black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) trees were planted in a Nelder design in 2010, on a reclaimed post-mining site of the open-cast lignite mining in Welzow Süd (Brandenburg, Germany). Black locust is regarded as a drought-adapted tree species and commonly used for the reclamation of former lignite mining sites in Lower Lusatia, Germany. The Nelder design encompasses angles of arc of equal measure and with the same origin traversed by successive circumferences set at a predefined radial distance. Accordingly, a total of 1071 trees were planted in Welzow Süd at the intersection between 63 spokes and 17 circumferences and at densities ranging from 0.4 to 8.0 m2, with the aim of examining the influence of stand density on the tree growth in a timeframe of six years. In order to evaluate the biomass production of the trees and to determine an optimal planting density on a marginal land, various scenarios were assessed with the help of the Yield-SAFE model, a parameter-sparse process-based agroforestry model. The study revealed the consequences of choosing different tree densities on the tree biomass productivity and water use of trees in relation to the competition for light and water. Y1 - 2017 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2017/EGU2017-15488-1.pdf N1 - EGU2017-15488-1 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Seserman, Diana-Maria A1 - Pohle, Ina A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Freese, Dirk T1 - Variabilität der holzigen Biomasseproduktion von Pappel und Robinie als Folge des Klimawandels in einem Alley-Cropping System in der Lausitz T2 - 1. Erfurter Tagung "Schnellwachsende Baumarten - Etablierung, Management und Verwertung", vom 16.11.-17.11.2017 Y1 - 2017 N1 - ISSN 2567-8922 SP - 88 EP - 89 PB - Fachhochschule Erfurt CY - Erfurt ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Spröte, Roland A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Development of biological soil crusts and their influence on soil hydrology in the recultivation area of lignite open-cast mining district in Lower Lusatia (Germany) T2 - EGU General Assembly 2012, held 22-27 April, 2012 in Vienna Y1 - 2012 N1 - EGU2012-6372 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Eisele, Andreas A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Spyra, Wolfgang A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - High resolution mapping of Normalized Difference Vegetation Indices (NDVI) of biological soil crusts T2 - EGU General Assembly 2012, held 22-27 April, 2012 in Vienna Y1 - 2012 N1 - EGU2012-7052 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mantovani, Dario A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Freese, Dirk T1 - Biomass production and water use of Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) for short-rotation plantation T2 - EGU General Assembly 2012, held 22-27 April, 2012 in Vienna Y1 - 2012 N1 - EGU2012-8719 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Spröte, Roland A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Lange, Philipp A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Wie beeinflussen Kiefern (Pinus sylvestris L.) die Entwicklung der Benetzungshemmung auf Sandböden? T2 - Böden verstehen - Böden nutzen - Böden fit machen, Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, 3. - 9. September 2011 Y1 - 2011 UR - http://eprints.dbges.de/768/ ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Spröte, Roland A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Lange, Philipp A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Development of biologicalsoil crusts in initial ecosystems in Lusatia, Germany T2 - DBG Jahrestagung 2009 Bonn "Böden - eine endliche Ressource", 05.-13.09.2009, Bonn Y1 - 2009 UR - http://eprints.dbges.de/178/ ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Biemelt, Detlef A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Fischer, A. T1 - Monitoring of Soil-Plant-Atmosphere patterns and processes in an artificial catchment T2 - EGU General Assembly 2009, Vienna, Austria, 19 – 24 April 2009 Y1 - 2009 N1 - EGU2009-4364 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Dominik, R. A1 - Dimitrov, M. A1 - Fischer, A. A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang ED - Stadler, Jutta ED - Schöppe, Felix ED - Frenzel, Mark T1 - Novel drone-based system for ecosystem monitoring - application, analysis and interpretation T2 - EURECO-GFOE 2008, Proceedings Y1 - 2008 SN - 978-3-00-025522-9 SP - S. 809 PB - Gesellschaft für Ökologie CY - Berlin ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Eisele, Andreas A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Spyra, Wolfgang A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Small Scale Spatial Heterogeneity of Normalized Difference Vegetation Indices (NDVI) and Hot Spots of Photosynthesis in Biological Soil Crusts T2 - Flora N2 - Normalized Difference Vegetation Indices (NDVIs) are typically determined using satellite or airborne remote sensing, or field portable spectrometers, which give an averaged signal on centimetre to metre scale plots. Biological soil crust (BSC) patches may have smaller sizes, and ecophysiological, hydrological as well as pedological processes may be heterogeneously distributed within this level of resolution. A ground-based NDVI imaging procedure using low-cost equipment (Olympus Camedia 5000z digital camera equipped with a Hoya R72 infrared filter) was developed in this study to fill this gap at the level of field research, where carrying costly and bulky equipment to remote locations is often the limiting factor for data collection. Method principle and field data are presented, and the field experiment was deepened comparing NDVI measurements and CO2 turnover of soil crust samples in the laboratory, backing the reliability of the approach. A commercially available colour rendition chart with known red (600–700 nm) and NIR (800–900 nm) reflectances was placed into each scene and used for calibration purposes on a per-image basis. Generation of NDVI images involved (i) determination of red and NIR reflectances from the pixel values of the red and NIR channels, respectively, and (ii) calculation and imaging of the NDVI, where NDVI values of −1 to +1 were mapped to grey values of 0 to 255. The correlation between NDVI values retrieved from these images and NDVI values determined using field spectrometry was close (r2 = 0.91), the 95% confidence interval amounted to 0.10 NDVI units. The pixel resolution was 0.8 mm in the field and 0.2 mm in the laboratory, but can still be improved significantly with closer distance to the crust or with higher camera resolution. NDVI values obtained using the new method were related to the net CO2 uptake of BSCs, where both slope and correlation coefficient of the respective regression function conformed with literature data. Geostatistical analysis revealed that both spatial variability of net CO2 uptake as well as size of individual hot spots of this parameter increased with crust development. The latter never exceeded 4 mm in the investigated crusts, which points to the necessity of high resolution imaging for linking remote sensing with ecophysiology. Perspectively, the new method could be used for field monitoring of both biological soil crusts and vascular vegetation. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2012.01.001 VL - 207 IS - 3 SP - 159 EP - 167 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kleefeld, Andreas A1 - Gypser, Stella A1 - Herppich, Werner B. A1 - Bader, Georg A1 - Veste, Maik T1 - Identification of spatial pattern of photosynthesis hotspots in moss- and lichen-dominated biological soil crusts by combining chlorophyll fluorescence imaging and multispectral BNDVI images T2 - Pedobiologia N2 - Although biological soil crusts can be found in open landscapes worldwide, their species composition depends on soil properties such as texture and pH, on microclimate, and their respective developmental stage. In addition, local variations in water holding capacity and/or chemical properties of soils influence the formation of spatial patterns and different types of biocrusts on the landscape level. For the evaluation of biocrusts functions and their impact on soil carbon pools, the analysis of the interrelationship between photosynthetic activity and the variations of spatial distribution pattern and types of biocrust is indispensable. For this purpose, an image processing approach was applied that combined chlorophyll fluorescence analyses and multispectral BNDVI to comprehensively characterize the spatial patterns of photosynthetic hotspots in biological soil crusts. For image analysis, five biological soil crust samples with different ratios of substrate, mosses and lichens were collected on an inland dune system in Lieberose, dominated by the moss Polytrichum piliferum, and the lichens Cladonia fimbriata and C. coccifera. RGB-images of the biocrusts were taken with a standard consumer camera Nikon 5200, BNDVI images with a modified Canon S110 NIR camera and chlorophyll fluorescence images with a modular open FluorCAM FC 800-O/1010, respectively. BNDVI and Fv/Fm were nearly in the same range for all biocrust samples related to the total surface area. Although mosses showed higher BNDVI than lichens within the separate biocrust samples. F0 and Fm increased with species coverage and with advancing biocrust development. Overlapping of BNDVI with F0 and Fm images showed that not all crustal organisms contribute to BNDVI and chlorophyll fluorescence. The overlapping areas of BNDVI and F0 ranged between 13% and 29%, that of BNDVI and Fm between 17% and 47%. Matching of RGB, BNDVI and CFI allows visualizing spatial pattern with high or low photosynthesis in biocrusts. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2018.04.001 SN - 1873-1511 VL - 68 SP - 1 EP - 11 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Herppich, Werner B. T1 - Comparative ecophysiology of the leaf-succulents Augea capensis (C3) and Malephora purpureo-crocea (CAM) in the Knersvlakte, Succulent Karoo, South Africa T2 - Flora N2 - The generally accepted assumption that CAM is an important adaptation to the drought conditions in arid deserts is mainly based on studies in controlled environments comparing the respective photosynthetic pathways in plants of different morphology. Comparative long-term field studies on the ecophysiology of C3- and CAM succulents co-occurring in the same desert habitat are too rare to satisfactorily answer the old question whether the metabolic pathway or the succulence is more important to guarantee survival in such a harsh habitat. Thus, relevant ecophysiological parameters were repeatedly monitored on plants of the leaf succulents Augea capensis (C3) and Malephora purpureo-crocea (CAM), which commonly dominate a habitat in the Knersvlakte, Namaqualand, South Africa. Under identical conditions in the same habitat, carbon gain of the C3 species was higher than that of the CAM plant, but their WUE lower and maximum photosynthetic activity nearly the same. In M. purpureo-crocea, irrigation induced rapid whole day stomatal opening at drastically increased daytime but decreased night-time CO2-uptake, while respective responses of the C3 species were delayed. These different response dynamics were due to different rooting depth, root morphology and water acquisition strategy of the flat rooting CAM and the deep-rooting C3 species. This, however, may not explain the highly similar growth success. Anyway, the results verify that CAM provides no advantage over C3 for long-term survival in the same desert environment in morphologically similar succulents. KW - Mode of photosynthesis Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2021.151807 SN - 1618-0585 SN - 0367-2530 VL - 278 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Griebenow, Stian A1 - Makunga, Nokwanda P. A1 - Privett, Sean A1 - Strauss, Paula A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Kleinert, Aleysia A1 - Valentine, Alexander J. T1 - Soil pH influences the organic acid metabolism and exudation in cluster roots of protea species from the Mediterranean-type fynbos ecosystem, Western Cape, South Africa T2 - Rhizosphere N2 - In nutrient-poor ecosystems, certain plant families have evolved specific adaptations for phosphate acquisition, namely cluster roots or proteoid roots. Cluster rooted species have a unique suite of adaptations that enable them to survive in nutrient poor ecosystems, such as the Fynbos biome of South Africa. The Fynbos biome has heterogeneous soils which caused radiation of varying soil pH within small localised areas. Previous studies on cluster rooted species ignored the possibility that cluster root functioning may differ at varying soil pH levels and soil types. Therefore, two native Fynbos protea species, Protea cynaroides (L.) L. and Protea obtusifolia H.Buek ex Meisn. were compared to assess the impact of different soil pH levels on organic acid metabolism and exudation in cluster rooted species. Our results show that cluster roots of the acidic-soil grown P. cynaroides is more effective and more efficient than that of the alkaline-soil grown P. obtusifolia. Our findings indicate that the mechanisms for P acquisition vary greatly, depending on substrate and plant organ type. This suggests that the metabolism of each species is adapted to specific soil pH and that these species have evolutionary adapted their P acquisition mechanisms for these extreme soils. The limited nutrient availability and variation in soil pH South African soils has led to various localised adaptations for cluster rooted species. KW - Phosphorus KW - Nutrient poor ecosystems KW - Root research Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452219822000167 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rhisph.2022.100486 VL - Vol. 21 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Littmann, Thomas A1 - Kunneke, Anton A1 - Du Toit, Ben A1 - Seifert, Thomas T1 - Windbreaks as part of climate-smart landscapes reduce evapotranspiration in vineyards, Western Cape Province, South Africa T2 - Plant, Soil and Environment N2 - Under the conditions of climate change in South Africa, ecological and technical measures are needed to reduce the water consumption of irrigated crops. Windbreak hedges are long-rated systems in agriculture that significantly reduce wind speed. Their possibilities to reduce evapotranspiration and water demand are being investigated at a vineyard in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. Detailed measurements of meteorological parameters relevant for the computation of reference and crop-specific evapotranspiration following the FAO 56 approaches within a vineyard in the Western Cape Province of South Africa have shown the beneficial effect of an existing hedgerow consisting of 6 m high poplars (Populus simonii (Carrière) Wesm.). With reference to a control station in the open field, the mean wind speed in a position about 18 m from the hedgerow at canopy level (2 m) was reduced by 27.6% over the entire year and by 39.2% over the summer growing season. This effect leads to a parallel reduction of reference evapotranspiration of 15.5% during the whole year and of 18.4% over the growing season. When applying empirical crop-specific Kc values for well-irrigated grapes, the reduction of evapotranspiration is 18.8% over the summer growth period. The introduced tree shelterbelts are a suitable eco-engineering approach to reduce water consumption and to enhance water saving in vineyards. KW - dry areas KW - viticulture KW - climate change KW - agroforestry Y1 - 2020 UR - https://www.agriculturejournals.cz/web/pse.htm?type=article&id=616_2019-PSE U6 - https://doi.org/10.17221/616/2019-PSE SN - 1214-1178 SN - 1805-9368 VL - 66 IS - 3 SP - 119 EP - 127 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Kholiavko, Tatiana A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Veste, Maik T1 - Soil respiration responses of moss and lichen biocoenoses to moderate and severe rain events after summer drought in a temperate early-successional ecosystem T2 - Ecohydrology N2 - It is commonly accepted that CO2 efflux increases with soil water content in aerated soils and that rewetting after periods of soil drying can result in respiration pulses. It has further been shown that soil pores may become water logged which can impede soil gas exchange. The present study aimed to quantify the carbon response of moss (Polytrichum piliferum) and lichen (Cladonia coniocraea) biocoenoses to different quantities of rain in an artificial catchment, which granted that the starting point of the development of both biocoenoses was the same. To address this aim, we conducted in situ soil moisture and soil respiration measurements, where soil respiration was hypothesised to emerge from a cryptogamic vegetation layer and from mineral soil beneath. We found that higher water-holding capacity of the moss layer and higher accumulation of organic matter in the upper mineral soil under mosses result in higher amounts of water stored near the surface. As a consequence, evaporation of water as well as pulses of CO2 efflux after moderate rain following a period of drought were higher in the moss biocoenosis, where the upper mineral soil was of key importance. In contrast, the lichen biocoenosis facilitated penetration of rainwater into the deep soil. Superimposing rewetting pulses, near-saturation of soil pores with water after severe rain resulted in gas exchange inhibition and diminished soil respiration until subsequent aeration in both biocoenoses KW - biocrusts KW - Hühnerwasser KW - respiration KW - soils Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.2578 SN - 1936-0592 VL - 16 IS - 7 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Geldenhuys, Heinrich A1 - Lötze, Elmi A1 - Veste, Maik T1 - Fruit Quality and Yield of Mandarin (Citrus reticulata) in Orchards with Different Windbreaks in the Western Cape, South Africa T2 - Erwerbs-Obstbau N2 - Windbreaks, trees, structures, and shade nets are used in South Africa to protect citrus orchards from wind scar damage to avoid major losses in export quality. Severe southeasterly winds in the Western Cape during spring and summer are the main causes of significant external peel damage. In this study, wind scar damage of ‘Tango’ mandarin (Citrus reticulata) fruit was quantified at different distances from established Casuarina cunninghamiana (Beefwood) and Populus simonii (Chinese Poplar) windbreaks around Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa. The yield efficiency was not significantly affected by distance from the windbreak in either of the trials. Fruit at 2 H and 3 H had significantly lower ratios of total soluble solids to titratable acidity, but export standards for mandarins were still met. The wind speed was consistently higher at 16 H, compared with 3 H during summer. The highest packout (class 1 fruit) was observed near the windbreak (3 H) and decreased as the distance increased towards 10 H and 16 H. There were no significant differences for severe wind scar damage incidence between the distance treatments. Our results confirmed the impact of wind on external fruit quality and the limitation of tree-based windbreaks with an increase in distance, which partly supports the current movement towards full enclosure of orchards with shade nets. KW - Agroforestry KW - Citrus orchards KW - yield KW - South Africa Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-022-00725-3 SN - 1439-0302 VL - 65 (2023) IS - 4 SP - 959 EP - 969 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Halke, Christian A1 - Garbe, Daniel A1 - Freese, Dirk T1 - Einfluss von Stickstoffdüngung und Kompost auf Photosynthese und Wachstum der Virginiamalve (Sida hermaphrodita Rusby) T2 - Journal für Kulturpflanzen N2 - Als mehrjährige Bioenergiepflanze kann Sida hermaphrodita eine wichtige Rolle für den Anbau auf marginalen Standorten in der nahen Zukunft spielen. In einem kontrollierten Topfexperiment wurde der Einfluss von verschiedenen Kompostgehalten (10, 20, 30, 50%) und mineralischem Stickstoffdünger (100 kg N ha–1) auf Biomasse, Wuchshöhe und Kohlenstoffallokation während der Etablierungsphase untersucht. Weiterhin wurden ökophysiologische Parameter (Gaswechsel, Chlorophyllfluoreszenz, Chlorophyllgehalte) mit nicht-destruktiven Methoden bestimmt. Die Ergebnisse des Experimentes zeigen, dass sowohl die Stickstoffdüngung als auch die Kompostgabe positive Effekte für das Wachstumsverhalten hat. Während der Etablierungsphase erreichten die gedüngten Pflanzen eine mittlere Pflanzenhöhe von bis zu 127 cm (maximale Wuchshöhe 168 cm). Die Photosynthese wurde nicht durch die unterschiedlichen Behandlungen beeinflusst. Die mittlere CO2-Austauschrate variiert zwischen 5,8 und 9,9 μmol m–2 s–1 und die Elektronentransportrate zwischen 34,5 und 53,9 μmol m–2 s–1. Die Verwendung von Kompost und Stickstoff ist für eine bessere Biomasseproduktion von Sida in marginalen Böden möglich, auch wenn das Wachstum im ersten Jahr limitiert ist und es negative Rückwirkungen auf die Bestandesetablierung gibt. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1399/JFK.2016.12.13 SN - 1867-0911 SN - 1867-0938 VL - 68 IS - 12 SP - 423 EP - 428 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kidron, Giora J. A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Lichner, Lubomir T1 - Biological factors impacting hydrological processes: Pecularities of plants and biological soil crusts T2 - Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics N2 - The effects of biological factors on the water cycle and subsequently on hydrological processes have wide and profound consequences on ecosystem structure, function and management. A profound understanding of their effects is of prime importance especially in light of climate change projection KW - Biological soil crusts Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2478/johh-2021-0031 SN - 1338-4333 VL - 69 IS - 4 SP - 357 EP - 359 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Küppers, Manfred A1 - Küppers, Barbara I. L. A1 - Horna, Viviana A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Zimmermann, Reiner A1 - Lauerer, Marianne A1 - Aas, Gregor T1 - Green barks of trees from drought deciduous forests ("bosque seco") in northern Peru/southern Ecuador do not perform CAM T2 - Basic and Applied Dryland research N2 - Trees from drought deciduous forests (“bosque seco”) in northern Peru and southern Ecuador regularly shed their leaves at the onset of seven months-long periods without rain. This way they very effectively reduce the bulk water consumption by leaf transpiration, still loosing small amounts of water through their bark, but at the risk of too little or no carbon gain when leaf-less. Seven species studied here have good developed green cortex tissue on stems and axes, as especially evident for the “bottle tree” Ceiba trischistandra (A. Gray) Bakhuisen (Bombacaceae). In several leaf-less tree species at the end of summer drought, when xylem sap flows are very low, indications of higher xylem flows at night as compared to day-time were found, which led to the question of whether the trees are capable of performing CAM in their axes. However, although quite low in some cases, the pH of the cortex tissues did not fluctuate diurnally. In addition, no night-time carbon uptake could be observed. Although no net carbon gain was measured in C. trischistandra and Erythrina smithiana Krukoff (Fabaceae) photosynthetic activity of the green cortex was sufficient to re-assimilate between 50% to 60% of the carbon released by mitochondrial respiration. In contrast, the obligate CAM plant Cereus diffusus (Britton & Rose) Werdermann (Cactaceae), which was studied as a reference in the same environment, showed both diurnal pH-fluctuations in its green tissue with lowest values before sun rise, and net carbon fixation at night. Y1 - 2015 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280945188 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1127/badr/2015/0002 SN - 1864-3191 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Veste, Maik T1 - Biologische Bodenkrusten - Pioniere der Böden T2 - Naturmagazin Berlin - Brandenburg N2 - Nach extremen Störungen durch Brände, Vulkanausbrüchen und Hangrutschungen, aber auch menschlichen Eingriffen werden Böden mehr oder weniger zerstört und vegetationsarm. Es entstehen sogenannte initiale Rohböden, die durch Veränderung der Bodenstruktur, Minderung der Wasserhaltekapazität als auch durch Nährstoffarmut extrem beeinflusst werden. Dabei haben anfängliche und nährstoffarme Ökosysteme, wie Grasländer und Offenlandschaften, aus Sicht des Naturschutzes einen hohen Wert für die Landschaft und sind in der intensiv genutzten Kulturlandschaft Mitteleuropas selten geworden. Insbesondere bieten Binnendünen, wie sie in Norddeutschland häufig sind, Potenzial für die Entwicklung von initialen Lebensräumen mit ihren spezifisch angepassten Pflanzen. Neben den Pionierarten werden die Rohböden, wie sie nach Störungen entstehen, zuerst durch verschiedene blütenlose Pflanzen, den sogenannten Kryptogamen, besiedelt. KW - Störungen KW - Biologische Bodenkrusten KW - Sanddünen KW - Brandenburg Y1 - 2022 SN - 0935-7602 VL - 36 IS - 1 SP - 14 EP - 15 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lebzien, Stefan A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Fechner, H. A1 - Koning, Laurie Anne A1 - Mantovani, Dario A1 - Freese, Dirk T1 - The Giant Knotweed (Fallopia sachalinensis var. Igniscum) as a new plant resource for biomass production for bioenergy T2 - EGU General Assembly 2012, held 22-27 April, 2012 in Vienna, Austria Y1 - 2012 N1 - EGU2012-6060 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Kattenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ma, Yunyao A1 - Weber, Bettina A1 - Raggio Quílez, José A1 - Colesie, Claudia A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Bader, Maaike Y. A1 - Porada, Philipp T1 - Determining key drivers of the annual carbon budget of biocrusts in different climatic zones T2 - EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria & Online | 23–27 May 2022 N2 - Biocrusts are distributed over all climate zones of the world and they substantially contribute to ecosystem functioning. Their growth, determined by their carbon balance, can be affected by various climatic drivers. The effects of individual drivers are clear from laboratory experiments, but the relative importance of different drivers along climatic gradients and their underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Moreover, the effects of seasonal acclimation on the annual carbon balance are not fully understood either. Therefore, we aim at determining the level and variation of annual biocrust carbon balances and their connection to climatic drivers along environmental gradients. In addition, we explore the role that acclimation plays in the carbon balance of biocrusts KW - biocrusts, photosynthesis, carbon Y1 - 2022 UR - https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU22/EGU22-3714.html U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-3714 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Grey, Kerry-Anne A1 - Gottschalk, Nadine A1 - Trachte, Katja A1 - Midgley, Guy F. T1 - Can shelterbelt trees reduce evapotranspiration and ecophysiological stress in irrigated vineyards and citrus orchards? A transcontinental experiment in the Western Cape, South Africa and Lower Lusatia, Germany T2 - Landscape 2021 - Diversity for Sustainable and Resilient Agriculture N2 - In the context of ongoing climate change and increasing population, there is an urgent need to optimize the water consumption of surface and groundwater in agricultural production. In recent years, intensive irrigated viticulture and horticulture have faced increasing demand pressure in many water-limited areas including the Western Cape Province in South Africa. Shelterbelts of trees are often used to reduce wind speed and water demands as an eco-engineering measure directly influencing soil evaporation and crop transpiration. Objectives are (i) to evaluate the extent of impacts of wind speed from shelterbelts at canopy level in citrus orchards and vineyards (ii) to assess the wind effects at leaf level including leaf temperature and related ecophysiological performance in irrigated vineyards. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.34333.03043 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gypser, Stella A1 - Veste, Maik ED - Thiede, Julia ED - Klein-Rauthake, Theresa T1 - Importance of P limitation for the C:N:P ratio in Robinia plantations on marginal sites T2 - GfÖ 2019, Science Meets Practice, 49th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of Germany, Austria and Switzerland, university of Münster, 9-13 September 2019 N2 - Due to disturbances of soils after open-cast lignite mining activities in the Lusatian mining district, Northeast Germany, large areas covered with excavated and dumped material. These initial soils are characterized by a lack of nutrients and organic matter which is why Robinia pseudoacacia was established during reclamation of those marginal sites. As a pioneer species, Robinia is well suitable for the establishment on reclaimed forest ecosystems due to the N fixation capability and its ability to grow on a nutrient-poor sandy substrate with low water holding capacity. Since the N requirement of the Robinia can be covered by symbiotic nodule bacteria, P is important as a growth-limiting nutrient. Even though the total and available P in soils increased with the age of the plantings (planted between 1995 and 2007), the ratio of available to total P decreased relative to younger plantings. Despite the accumulation of organic matter and the decomposition of organic bound P, the bioavailability is affected by ad- and desorption processes, especially on Fe- and Al-hydroxides. It was hypothesized that the P demand of young trees, initially provided by a one-time fertilizer application, exceeds the P supply by mineralization over time. As a first step, kinetics of P desorption from synthetic Fe- and Al-hydroxides were characterized by using humic acid as a model organic compound, to detect fast and slow releasable P over time. At the Robinia sites, soil samples were examined at different depth with regard to their C, N and P concentrations. From the first results, we can conclude that the P availability and its limitation influences the growth performance of Robinia as well as the N-fixing symbiotic bacteria and, thus, the C:N:P ratio as a long-term effect on an ecosystem scale. Y1 - 2019 UR - https://www.gfoe-conference.de/WEBS/GFOe2019.pages.download/Book_of_Abstracts2019.pdf SP - 82 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gypser, Stella A1 - Diez, Miriam A1 - Boelli, Daniel A1 - Wachendorf, Magnus A1 - Küppers, Manfred A1 - Veste, Maik T1 - Monitoring of biocrust development and physiological activity in disturbed ecosystems in Central Europe T2 - Biocrust 4 - 4th International Workshop on Biological Soil Crusts N2 - In many ecosystems of the earth, biocrusts influence the successive development of vegetation through their influence on the soil formation. This change in soil structure, e.g. due to the accumulation of organic material and the ability of biological nitrogen fixation, results in significant feedback and controls of ecosystem processes, especially in arid regions. In Brandenburg, located in NE Germany, the dry grasslands on sand dunes and the post-mining landscapes, characterized by edaphic drought and lack of nutrients as well as disturbances, are ecologically interesting locations for investigations of the biocrusts. In recent years, the species composition, structure, N-fixation, C-fluxes, and accumulation as well as their soil hydrological properties of biocrusts have been characterized and ecophysiological measurements of biocrust activity and CO2 exchange of different biocrust types under standardized environmental conditions have been performed in the laboratory. These ecophysiological measurements were correlated for the first time with NDVI measurements using a modified consumer camera, thus enabling a spatial analysis of the photosynthesis hotspots and a transfer from the lab into the landscape. The development and physiological activity of biocrusts are significantly influenced by microclimatic boundary conditions and moisture-dry cycles. The duration of these moisture phases is decisive for their spatial and temporal development and for the differentiation of the developmental stages. The permanent recording of moisture in the biocrusts in the uppermost millimeters using a newly developed biocrust wetness sensor in combination with NDVI measurements enable detailed information about biocrust activities and carbon fluxes. These continuous measurements of NDVI and physiological activity with PRI sensors allows determining seasonal activity phases in relation to microclimatological site conditions. More recent technological developments in sensor technology make it possible to carry out detailed and cost-effective investigations of the biocrust activity over the course of the year. KW - biological soil crusts KW - physiological activity KW - ecosystem development Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.11042.99523 VL - 2019 CY - North Stradbroke Island, Queensland , Australia ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gypser, Stella A1 - Veste, Maik T1 - Hotspot biocrusts: Combining chlorophyll fluorescence and NDVI to analyze spatial and temporal variations of photosynthesis T2 - GfÖ 2019, Science Meets Practice, 49th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of Germany, Austria and Switzerland, university of Münster, 9-13 September 2019 N2 - Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) play an important role as pioneering organisms on initial soils and in open landscapes after natural and human disturbances. Even though they only cover the topsoil, biocrusts are key drivers for biogeochemical and ecological processes and influencing ecosystem development. Microclimatic conditions, texture, water holding capacity, and chemical soil properties lead to the formation of spatial patterns. Sandy nutrient-poor soils in pine forests in the open-cast lignite mining district in Brandenburg are covered by biocrust, dominated by different functional types and species (e.g. algae, mosses, lichens). The photosynthetic activity of these poikilohydric organisms, strongly depending on moisture, affects biocrust function and their impact on soil C pools and dynamics. Therefore, the evaluation of photosynthesis in relation to the spatial distribution pattern variation is fundamental. For this purpose, we combined different remote sensing techniques, spectral reflectance sensors, and chlorophyll fluorescence imaging to analyze the photosynthetic dynamics in relation to biocrust species composition and wetness. Desiccation of the biocrusts was detected with a miniature moisture sensor and related to their activity. A low-cost consumer grade camera was used to determine NDVI and to map the distribution and heterogeneity of chlorophyll for a comprehensive characterization of spatial photosynthetic activity pattern. Basic as well as maximum fluorescence, the maximum photochemical efficiency, and NDVI decreased during desiccation of the biocrusts, whereby moss and moss/lichen biocrusts showed higher water holding capacities relative to green algae biocrusts. The combination of different sensor technologies is a powerful tool for monitoring long-term biocrust development and their implication for soil C dynamics. Y1 - 2019 UR - https://www.gfoe-conference.de/WEBS/GFOe2019.pages.download/Book_of_Abstracts2019.pdf SP - 199 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Dietz, Miriam A1 - Küppers, Manfred A1 - Wachendorf, Magnus A1 - Stefan, Thorsten A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Gypser, Stella T1 - Modelling photosynthesis and carbon fluxes of moss- and lichen-dominated biological soil crusts in temperate dry acid grasslands in Brandenburg T2 - GfÖ 2019, Science Meets Practice, 49th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of Germany, Austria and Switzerland, university of Münster, 9-13 September 2019 N2 - Top soils in temperate climates are regularly covered by cryptogames. Depending on the climatic and environmental conditions and their development stage, these biocrusts are built up by different species of cyanobacteria, bacteria, green algae, mosses, liverworts, lichens and fungi, which crosslink the uppermost soil particles. Biocrusts create a thin surface layer of high biotic activity, with high C and nutrient pools and fluxes to deeper soil layers, where the soil tends to be biotically and biogeochemically less active. Changes in soil structure, e.g. due to the accumulation of organic material and the ability of biological nitrogen fixation, result in significant feedback and control of biogeochemical processes. We analysed the response of photosynthesis and respiration to changing temperature and light in two moss-and lichen-dominated soil crusts from a dry acid grassland in the vicinity of a pine forest in Brandenburg, Germany. For the estimation of carbon fluxes, we combined lab-based CO2 gas exchange measurements and continuous determination of biocrust drying and rewetting cycles under field conditions. These experiments facilitated the development of an empirical photosynthesis model that allows for an estimation of the carbon dynamics of biological soil crusts based on their ecophysiological performance. Y1 - 2019 UR - https://www.gfoe-conference.de/WEBS/GFOe2019.pages.download/Book_of_Abstracts2019.pdf SP - 223 CY - Münster ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kanzler, Michael A1 - Böhm, Christian A1 - Mirck, Jaconette A1 - Schmitt, Dieter A1 - Veste, Maik ED - Böhm, Christian T1 - Einfluss agroforstlicher Nutzung auf das Mikroklima, den Ackerfruchtertrag und die potentielle Evaporation T2 - Bäume in der Land(wirt)schaft - von der Theorie in die Praxis, Tagungsband mit Beiträgen des 5. Forums Agroforstsysteme 30.11. bis 01.12.2016 in Senftenberg (OT Brieske) N2 - Der folgende Beitrag widmet sich der Frage, inwieweit sich mikroklimatische Änderungen in einem Agroforstsystem (AFS) bedingt durch die Gehölzkomponente kleinräumig auf die gemessene Evaporation sowie auf die Produktivität von Winterweizen (Triticum aestivum) auswirken. Hierfür wurden im Zeitraum von März bis August 2016 Untersuchungen auf einem ca. 40 ha großen Agroforstschlag und einer angrenzenden, konventionell bewirtschafteten Freifläche bei Neu Sacro (Landkreis Spree-Neiße, Brandenburg) durchgeführt. Neben mikroklimatischen Kenngrößen wie der Lufttemperatur, der relativen Luftfeuchte, der Windgeschwindigkeit und der Globalstrahlung wurde auch die Evaporation nach Piche bestimmt. Ergänzend wurden Ertragsmessungen zum Kornertrag und Messungen zum Blattflächenindex (LAI) des angebauten Winterweizens durchgeführt. Neben Änderungen der Tagesminima der relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit im Nahbereich der Gehölzstreifen wurde eine Reduktion der durchschnittlichen Windgeschwindigkeit von bis zu 51 % gegenüber der Freifläche festgestellt. Die Minderung der Evaporation im Vergleich zur Freifläche betrug je nach Witterung bzw. Nähe zum Gehölzstreifen bis zu 58 % und wurde dabei maßgeblich durch die Windgeschwindigkeit beeinflusst. Räumliche Unterschiede ergaben sich auch bezüglich des Kornertrags sowie beim LAI. So fielen die Kornerträge im Agroforstsystem mit bis zu 9,2 t ha-1 gegenüber ca. 7,0 t ha-1 für die Referenzfläche überwiegend höher aus. Mit Ausnahme des Leebereichs in 3 m Entfernung zum Gehölzstreifen lagen auch die LAI-Werte des AFS über jenen der angrenzenden Freifläche. Diese ersten Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass in AFS durch Gehölzstrukturen neben der Windgeschwindigkeit auch die Wasserverdunstung im Bereich der angrenzenden Ackerkulturen gemindert werden kann. Die mikroklimatischen Unterschiede wirkten sich dabei potentiell auch positiv auf das Wachstumsverhalten bzw. den Ertrag des Winterweizens aus. Vor dem Hintergrund einer Verringerung der potentiellen Evaporation und einer hieraus resultierenden höheren Wasserverfügbarkeit für die Ackerkulturen könnte die agroforstliche Landnutzung zukünftig auch für trockenheitsgefährdete Gebiete Mitteleuropas eine vorteilhafte Anpassungsstrategie des Ackerbaus an den Klimawandel darstellen. Y1 - 2017 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-41487 SN - 978-3-940471-27-7 SP - 127 EP - 131 PB - BTU CY - Cottbus ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Halke, Christian ED - Böhm, Christian T1 - Ökophysiologische Plastizität der Photosynthese von Robinien (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) und Hybrid-Pappeln (Populus nigra L. x P. maximowiczii Henry) bei Hitzestress und Sommertrockenheit in der Niederlausitz T2 - Bäume in der Land(wirt)schaft - von der Theorie in die Praxis, Tagungsband mit Beiträgen des 5. Forums Agroforstsysteme 30.11. bis 01.12.2016 in Senftenberg (OT Brieske) N2 - Mit der Zunahme von extremen Witterungsereignissen ist die Auswahl von angepassten Baumarten und Klonen von großer Bedeutung für den Agrarholzanbau in der Lausitz. So zählte der Sommer 2015 zu den drittwärmsten Sommern in Deutschland mit langanhaltenden Trockenzeiten und Hitzeperioden auch in Brandenburg. Die ökophysiologischen Reaktionen von Robinien und Hybrid-Pappeln (Klon Max 1) auf Hitze- und Trockenstress wurden in einem Agroforstsystem bei Neu Sacro, Brandenburg untersucht. Die ökophysiologische Anpassungsfähigkeit wurde hinsichtlich der Photosyntheseleistung (Chlorophyllfluoreszenz), dem Wasserpotential, der 13C/12C Diskriminierung und dem Blatt-N-Gehalt untersucht. Gut wasserversorgte Bäume der beiden Arten zeigten keine wesentlichen Einschränkungen in Bezug auf die Photosyntheseleistung und dem Nährstoffhaushalt, da am Standort ein Grundwasseranschluss auch während der Trockenheit gewährleistet war. Bedingt durch kleinräumige Bodenheterogenitäten kann es allerdings auch örtlich zu Wassermangel kommen. An diesen Standorten zeigten die Pappeln deutliche morphologische und ökophysiologische Anzeichen von Trockenstress. Bei der sommerlichen Hitze zeigte die Photosynthese der beiden Baumarten eine hohe Plastizität. Y1 - 2017 SN - 978-3-940471-27-7 SP - 144 EP - 157 CY - Cottbus ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gypser, Stella A1 - Veste, Maik T1 - Application of chlorophyll fluorescence, CO2 gas exchange, and NDVI for the detection of spatial variances of photosynthesis of biological soil crusts on anthropogenic degraded soils T2 - 3rd International Workshop on Biological Soil Crusts BIOCRUST3, September 26-30, 2016, Star Hall-Moab, Utah, USA N2 - Degradation of soils and the destruction of vegetation as a result of anthropogenic disturbances affect ecosystem functions and properties worldwide. In Brandenburg (NE Germany) various ecosystems were degraded by different human activities like surface mining and military activities on sand dunes. These resulted in degraded open landscapes with an initial soil development. These new ecosystems are characterized by a high vulnerability to erosion, low water holding capacity, lack of nutrients, or low pH. For rehabilitation of degraded soils and vegetation, these post-mining and mobile sand dunes need specific restoration measures, but beside inappropriate soil characteristics, insufficient water availability can limit plant growth. Even located in the temperate zone of Europe, Brandenburg belongs to the driest regions in Germany and faces long drought periods. In this context, the determination of the influence of biocrusts on carbon accumulation during initial ecosystem succession, small-scale investigations on photosynthetic capacity and active phase regarding biocrust formation and developmental stage, which vary from initial green algae-crusts to biocrusts dominated by soil lichens or mosses, are necessary. Hence, succession of biocrusts result in a spatiotemporal heterogeneity and distribution pattern. We could show that varying species abundance, composition, and crust succession affect photosynthetic capacity, and hence, carbon fixation capability. Different spatial hotspots could be analyzed under field conditions and monitored during the season. Long-term measurements of climatic parameters, which include radiation, temperature, precipitation, and desiccation of biocrusts, will be linked to photosynthetic performances under lab conditions. This spatial model can help to understand the impact of biocrusts on carbon accumulation in initial soils. Due to the potential to colonize soil surface under harsh conditions without human support, advantages of biocrusts can be used systematically as a supporting rehabilitation measure for physical stabilization, gain of organic carbon, and hence, facilitates the growth of indigenous vegetation during primary succession. Y1 - 2016 UR - http://www.nau.edu/uploadedFiles/Centers-Institutes/Merriam-Powell/BioCrust3/_Forms/Compiled%20BioCrust3%20abstracts_Oct%2027.pdf SP - 24 EP - 25 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kleefeld, Andreas A1 - Veste, Maik T1 - Robuste and strukturerhaltende Bildentrauschung via Medianfilterung und Bildsegmentierung T2 - 20. und 21. Workshop Computer-Bildanalyse in der Landwirtschaft, 3. Workshop Unbemannte Autonom Fliegende Systeme (UAS) in der Landwirtschaft, 26. Mai 2014, Osnabrück 07. Mai 2015, Braunschweig Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:186-opus4-75951 SP - 92 EP - 100 PB - ATB, Leibniz-Institut für Agrartechnik CY - Potsdam-Bornim ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mantovani, Dario A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Freese, Dirk ED - Palma, Joao H. N. T1 - Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) adaptability and plasticity to drought T2 - 2nd European Agroforestry Conference: Integrating Science and Policy to Promote Agroforestry in Practice, June 2014, Cottbus, Germany N2 - Robinia pseudoacacia L. is a pioneer tree species which grows under a wide range of edaphic and climatic conditions. It is native from North America and its original range is a climatic region classified as humid to sub-humid, with a mean annual precipitation of 1.020 to 1.830 mm. However, in Central Europe the species has proven to be relatively drought tolerant in comparison to other temperate deciduous tree species. In the State of Brandenburg (Germany) for instance, with a continental climate and annual precipitation below 600 mm, the species has been successfully cropped for wood production for more than 250 years. The tree notably grows also in post-mining recultivated sites where soil water availability is limited and in spring and summer drought can occur. The importance of the species has increased over the lasts decades, after the CO2 reduction policy spread across the world, just as did the need for further sources for renewable energy. Therefore, due to its adaptability to water constraints, its fast growing and resprouting rate, together with the ability of nitrogen fixation, black locust could become a key species for short-rotation plantation on marginal land. Several studies have been already carried out to quantify the production and water use efficiency of the black locust. However, the effect of water scarcity on biomass production and the plant’s response to drought stress has still to be examined. In ourinvestigation we aim to evaluate the growth performance and the ecophysiological response of black locust to water limitation. The study of the soil-plant-atmosphere system for the evaluation of the relation between water availability, atmospheric evaporative demand and plant water status is critical to identify the ecophysiological adaptation and growth response in relation to different edaphic and climatic conditions. Different irrigation regimes and cycles of drought were chosen, to test the plant’s performance in a lysimeter experiment for the duration of two vegetation periods, under semi-controlled environmental conditions. The results obtained from studies were satisfactory. We assessed the drought tolerance and resilience of black locust, together with its water use efficiency. Both at whole-plant and leaf level the link between the soil water retention, plant water status and growth rate has been elucidated and the intertwined relation between primary production, transpiration, CO2 uptake and water limitation, together with the evaporative atmospheric demand, has been clarified. Y1 - 2014 UR - http://www.repository.utl.pt/handle/10400.5/6764 SN - 978-972-97874-4-7 SP - 264 EP - 265 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mantovani, Dario A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Böhm, Christian A1 - Freese, Dirk ED - Palma, Joao H. N. T1 - Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) in agroforestry systems: spatial and temporal variation of the plant water status and growth T2 - 2nd European Agroforestry Conference: Integrating Science and Policy to Promote Agroforestry in Practice, June 2014, Cottbus, Germany N2 - Short-rotation forestry and agroforestry systems have the potential to become an ecologically valuable and economically profitable land use alternative on marginal lands. Therefore, our project focuses on determining the water demand for biomass production of black locust in the Lusatia region (Eastern Germany). The area is characterized by relative low annual rainfall (560-600 mm/yr) and drought periods during spring and summer. Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is planted in short rotation plantations as well as in agroforestry systems at reclaimed post-mining sites of the opencast mining area “Welzow Süd” and on a conventionally managed field near the town Forst (both study sites are located about 120 km to the south of Berlin). Due to mining activities the ground water table in “Welzow-Süd” is below 100 m, while on the field site in Forst the ground water table is about 2 m below the soil surface. Because of the water accessibility directly affecting the yield, it is crucial to identify the spatial variation of the soil water availability and its influence on black locust growth. The main question of this study is how the drought periods affect black locust’s growth and recovery and about the drought mitigation effect obtainable by an accessible water table. The growth rate is being estimated monthly by measuring the maximum height and the trunk diameter at 10 and 130 cm. Furthermore, several trees are equipped with dendrometers to record their diameter increment in daily intervals. The pre-dawn water potential for selected trees is evaluated periodically to quantify plant water stress and relate it to the growth pattern. Water availability and microclimatic condition are monitored continuously. At the end of the vegetation period, information gathered from the field will be used to develop a growth model to link the soil water availability and plant water status with the growth rate of the trees. Y1 - 2014 UR - http://www.repository.utl.pt/handle/10400.5/6764 SN - 978-972-97874-4-7 SP - 263 EP - 264 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Böhm, Christian A1 - Quinkenstein, Ansgar A1 - Freese, Dirk T1 - Estimation of biological nitrogen fixation by black locust in short-rotation forests using natural 15N abundance method T2 - EGU General Assembly 2012, held 22-27 April, 2012 in Vienna N2 - The importance of short rotation forests and agroforestry systems for woody biomass production for bioenergy will increase in Central Europe within the next decades. In this context, black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) has a high growth potential especially at marginal, drought-susceptible sites such as occur in Brandenburg State (Eastern Germany). As a pioneer tree species black locust grows under a wide range of site conditions. The native range of black locust in Northern America is classified by a humid to sub-humid climate with a mean annual precipitation of 1020 to 1830 mm. In Central and Eastern Europe, this species is cultivated in a more continental climate with an annual precipitation often below 600 mm. Therefore, black locust is known to be relatively drought tolerant compared to other temperate, deciduous tree species. Because of its N2-fixation ability black locust plays generally an important role for the improvement of soil fertility. This effect is of particular interest at marginal sites in the post-mining landscapes. In order to estimate the N2-fixation potential of black locust at marginal sites leaf samples were taken from black locust trees in short rotation plantations planted between 1995 and 2007 in post-mining sites south of Cottbus (Brandenburg, NE Germany). The variation of the natural 15N abundance was measured to evaluate the biological nitrogen fixation. The nitrogen derived from the atmosphere can be calculated using a two-pool model from the quotient of the natural 15N abundances of the N2-fixing plant and the plant available soil N. Because representatively determining the plant available soil N is difficult, a non-N2-fixing reference plant growing at the same site with a similar root system and temporal N uptake pattern to the N2-fixing plant is often used. In our case we used red oak (Quercus rubra) as a reference. The average nitrogen content in the leaves of black locust ranged from 3.1% (C/N 14.8) in 15 years old trees to 3.4% (C/N 14.4) in 3 year-old trees, respectively. A higher content of nitrogen was found in leaves of re-sprouted trees with 4.3% (C/N 11.5). The estimated percentage of nitrogen derived from the atmosphere (% NdfA) in black locust was 63% – 83% compared to 56% in seabuckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides) and 79% in common broom (Genista scuparia). The annual leaf biomass production of black locust varied between 1325 (2 years old trees) and 2576 kg/ha a (4 years old trees). The estimated leaf nitrogen fixed by Robinia was approx. 30.5 - 59.2 kg/ha a. From the results, we can conclude that the biological nitrogen fixation by Robina is an important factor for the nitrogen balance of short-rotation plantations on nutrient poor-soils. Y1 - 2012 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2012/EGU2012-4186.pdf N1 - EGU2012-4186 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Dümig, Alexander A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Hagedorn, Frank A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Lange, Philipp A1 - Spröte, Roland A1 - Kögel-Knabner, Ingrid T1 - Biological soil crusts on initial soils: organic carbon dynamics and chemistry under temperate climatic conditions T2 - Biogeosciences Discussion Y1 - 2012 SN - 1810-6285 VL - 10 IS - 1 SP - 851 EP - 894 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Spröte, Roland A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Wiehe, Wolfgang A1 - Lange, Philipp A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Functions of biological soil crusts on central European inland dunes:Water repellency and pore clogging influence water infiltration T2 - EGU General Assembly 2010, held in Vienna, Austria, 02 – 07 May 2010 Y1 - 2010 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2010/EGU2010-4449.pdf N1 - EGU2010-4449 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Spröte, Roland A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Lange, Philipp A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Hydrophobicity in sandy soils triggered by the development of Scots Pine stands in southern Brandenburg, Germany T2 - EGU General Assembly 2010, held in Vienna, Austria, 02 – 07 May 2010 Y1 - 2010 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2010/EGU2010-4154.pdf N1 - EGU2010-4154 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Spröte, Roland A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Wiehe, Wolfgang A1 - Lange, Philipp A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Development of top soil on quaternary inland dunes - How important are microorganisms? T2 - Gletscher, Wasser, Mensch – quartärer Landschaftswandel im peribaltischen Raum, 35. Hauptversammlung der DEUQUA e.V., 12th Annual Conference of the INQUA PeriBaltic Working Group, 13.-17.9.2010., Greifswald Y1 - 2010 SP - 163 EP - 164 PB - Lehrstuhl Physische Geographie, Inst. für Geographie und Geologie der Univ. Greifswald CY - Greifswald ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Biemelt, Detlef A1 - Veste, Maik ED - Schaaf, Wolfgang ED - Bliemelt, Detlef ED - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Soil water T2 - Initial development of the artificial catchment "Chicken Creek" : monitoring program and survey 2005-2008 Y1 - 2010 UR - http://opus.kobv.de/btu/volltexte/2011/2073/ SP - 57 EP - 70 PB - Univ. of Technology, Research Center Landscape Development and Mining Landscapes CY - Cottbus ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. ED - Ukonmaanaho, Liisa ED - Nieminen, Tiina Maileena ED - Starr, Michael T1 - The artificial catchment 'Chicken Creek' ('Hühnerwasser') as a tool for understanding the interactions of processes and structures of initial ecosystem development T2 - 6th International Symposium on Ecosystem Behaviour BIOGEOMON 2009 Y1 - 2009 UR - http://www.metla.fi/julkaisut/workingpapers/2009/mwp128.pdf SN - 978-951-40-2177-0 SP - S. 332 PB - Finnish Forest Research Institute CY - Vantaa, Finland ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Dümig, Alexander A1 - Kögel-Knabner, Ingrid A1 - Wiehe, Wolfgang A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Initial pedogenesis in a topsoil crust 3 years after construction of an artificial water catchment in Brandenburg, NE Germany T2 - Biogeochemistry N2 - Cyanobacteria and green algae present in biological soil crusts are able to colonize mineral substrates even under extreme environmental conditions. As pioneer organisms, they play a key role during the first phases of habitat colonization. A characteristic crust was sampled 3 years after installation of the artificial water catchment “Chicken creek”, thus representing an early successional stage of ecosystem development. Mean annual rainfall and temperature were 559 mm and 9.3°C, respectively. We combined scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDX) and infrared (FTIR) microscopy to study the contact zone of algal and cyanobacterial mucilage with soil minerals in an undisturbed biological soil crust and in the subjacent sandy substrate. The crust was characterized by an approximately 50 μm thick surface layer, where microorganisms resided and where mineral deposition was trapped, and by an approximately 2.5 mm thick lower crust where mineral particles were stabilized by organo-mineral structures. SEM/EDX microscopy was used to determine the spatial distribution of elements, organic compounds and minerals were identified using FTIR microscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The concentration of organic carbon in the crust was about twice as much as in the parent material. Depletion of Fe, Al and Mn in the lower crust and in the subjacent 5 mm compared to the geological substrate was observed. This could be interpreted as the initial phase of podzolization. Existence of bridging structures between mineral particles of the lower crust, containing phyllosilicates, Fe compounds and organic matter (OM), may indicate the formation of organo-mineral associations. pH decreased from 8.1 in the original substrate to 5.1 on the crust surface 3 years after construction, pointing to rapid weathering of carbonates. Weathering of silicates could not be detected. Y1 - 2010 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-010-9464-z SN - 1573-515X VL - 101 IS - 1-3 SP - 165 EP - 176 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Dew formation on the surface of biological soil crusts in central European sand ecosystems T2 - Biogeosciences discussions N2 - Dew formation was investigated in three developmental stages of biological soil crusts (BSC), which were collected along a catena of an inland dune and in the initial substrate. The Penman equation, which was developed for saturated surfaces, was modified for unsaturated surfaces and used for prediction of dewfall rates. The levels of surface saturation required for this approach were predicted using the water retention functions and the thicknesses of the BSCs. During a single event, dewfall increased with crust development from 0.08 kg m−2 for the initial substrate to 0.10, 0.20 and 0.25 kg m−2 for crusts stages 1 to 3, respectively, which was well reflected by the model response. The suggested mechanism of dew formation involves a delay in water saturation in near-surface soil pores and EPS where the crusts were thicker and where the water capacity was high, resulting in elevated vapor flux towards the surface. The results also indicate that the amount of dewfall was too low to observe water flow into deeper soil. Analysis of the soil water retention curves revealed that, despite the sandy mineral matrix, moist crusts with clogged by swollen EPS pores exhibited a clay-like behavior. It is hypothesized that BSCs gain double benefit from suppressing their competitors by runoff generation and from improving their water supply by dew collection. Despite higher amounts of dew, the water availability to the crust community decreases with crust development, which may be compensated by ecophysiological adaptation of crust organisms, and which may further suppress higher vegetation or mosses. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-8075-2012 VL - 9 SP - 8075 EP - 8092 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Spröte, Roland A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Wiehe, Wolfgang A1 - Lange, Philipp A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Biological topsoil crusts at early successional stages on Quaternary substrates dumped by mining in Brandenburg, NE Germany T2 - Geomorphologie: relief, processus, environnement N2 - The influence of biological soil crusts in natural ecosystems on structures and processes is well investigated. However, in South-Brandenburg (Germany), it is possible to study the development of biological soil crusts (BSC) during initial ecosystem genesis on two artificial water catchments with well-known ages and under differing starting conditions. The two experimental sites are located in the recultivation area of the lignite open-cast mining district of southern Brandenburg with a distance of approximately 1 km between them. Two different topographies were constructed at the experimental sites: the experimental plot at the catchment Neuer Lugteich was shaped like a dune, whereas the artificial water catchment Hühnerwasser was modelled as an inclined slope. The catchment Neuer Lugteich is four years older than Hühnerwasser. The original substrate at Neuer Lugteich is more sandy and carbonate-free compared to the original substrate dumped at Hühnerwasser. At both sites geomorphological differentiation and crust development were compared and the importance of substrate-dependent water availability and crust type clarified. Once settled, the crusts influenced the water regime of the soils by delaying infiltration through enhanced water repellency, and by limiting water infiltration. Chlorophyll analysis revealed that all crusts were at early stages of development. At Neuer Lugteich, the establishment of the biological soil crusts was closely associated with the vegetation succession, whereas no clear succession of the crusts could be observed at Hühnerwasser. The mosaic-like pattern of the biological soils crusts is associated with the distribution of fine-grained material here.zeige weniger Y1 - 2010 UR - http://geomorphologie.revues.org/8083 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4000/geomorphologie.8083 SN - 1957-777X VL - 16 IS - 4 SP - 359 EP - 370 ER -