TY - GEN A1 - Adonadaga, Melvin-Guy A1 - Ampadu, Boateng A1 - Martienssen, Marion T1 - Effect of sludge loading and dissolved oxygen concentration on proliferation of Thiotrix and Eikelboom Types 1851 and 0041 in activated sludge wasterwater treatment plants T2 - International Journal of Applied Science and Technology Y1 - 2016 SN - 2373-6712 SN - 2373-6747 VL - 6 IS - 4 SP - 08 EP - 13 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kuhn, Ramona A1 - Jensch, Robert A1 - Bryant, Isaac Mbir A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Liebsch, Stephan A1 - Martienssen, Marion T1 - The influence of selected bivalent metal ions on the photolysis of diethylenetriamine penta(methylenephosphonic acid) T2 - Chemosphere N2 - DTPMP is predominantly utilized as scale inhibitor. We investigated the reaction rates and degradation mechanism of DTPMP with and without addition of Fe²⁺, Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ by performing LC/MS and ³¹P-NMR analyses. DTPMP undergoes conversion with and without addition of bivalent metal ions. The initial cleavage of DTPMP is initiated at the C-N bond leading to release of IDMP as its major breakdown product. The release of smaller quantities of EABMP and AMPA confirmed the nucleophilic attack on the DTPMP amines. Oxidation of Fe²⁺ to Fe³⁺ during the initial 30 min indicated an intramolecular electron transfer changing the electron density distribution at the nitrogen centre, which increased the radical attack during UV irradiation. Independent of the fact that Fe acted as catalyst and Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ acted as reactants, we found no significant differences in their degradation mechanisms. However, the reaction rates were strongly affected by the addition of the bivalent metal ions as Fe²⁺ accelerated most DTPMP degradation followed by Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺. The UV treatment without metal ion addition was four times slower compared with Fe²⁺ addition. We conclude that in environments rich in ferrous iron and/or at reduced redox potential, photolysis of DTPMP will be catalysed by iron and will lead to accumulation of IDMP, EABMP and AMPA and several other none-quantifiable breakdown products. KW - DTPMP KW - Ferrous ion KW - LC/MS KW - Phosphonates KW - Photolysis Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.033 SN - 0045-6535 IS - 210 SP - 726 EP - 733 ER - TY - THES A1 - Coban, Oksana T1 - Microbial nitrogen transformations in constructed wetlands treating contaminated groundwater Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-35006 CY - Cottbus ; Senftenberg ER - TY - THES A1 - Mahyar, Ali T1 - Development and application of a planar falling film reactor for detoxification of Cyanide containing wastewaters by means of ozonation and photocatalytic ozonation Y1 - 2016 CY - Cottbus ; Senftenberg ER - TY - THES A1 - Abdallat, Ghaida T1 - Optimization of nitrogen removal in various vertical flow constructed wetland designs and application of treated wastewater for reuse in irrigation in Jordan Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-37987 CY - Cottbus ; Senftenberg ER - TY - GEN A1 - Engelbrecht, Steffen A1 - Mozooni, Mohammad A1 - Rathsack, Kristina A1 - Böllmann, Jörg A1 - Martienssen, Marion T1 - Effect of increasing salinity to adapted and non-adapted Anammox biofilms T2 - Environmental Technology N2 - The Anammox process is an efficient low energy alternative for the elimination of nitrogen from wastewater. The process is already in use for side stream applications. However, some industrial wastewaters, e.g. from textile industry are highly saline. This may be a limit for the application of the Anammox process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different NaCl concentrations on the efficiency of adapted and non-adapted Anammox biofilms. The tested NaCl concentrations ranged from 0 to 50 g NaCl*L⁻¹. Concentrations below 30 g NaCl*L⁻¹did not significantly result in different nitrogen removal rates between adapted and non-adapted bacteria. However, adapted bacteria were significantly more resilient to salt at higher concentrations (40 and 50g NaCl*L⁻¹). The IC50 for adapted and non-adapted Anammox bacteria were 19.99 and 20.30 g NaCl*L⁻¹, respectively. Whereas adapted biomass depletes the nitrogen in ratios of NO-₂/NH+₄ around 1.20 indicating a mainly Anammox-driven consumption of the nitrogen, the ratio increases to 2.21 at 40 g NaCl*L⁻¹ for non-adapted biomass. This indicates an increase of other processes like denitrification. At lower NaCL concentrations up to 10 g NaCl*L⁻¹, a stimulating effect of NaCl to the Anammox process has been observed. KW - Adapted KW - Anammox KW - Biofilm KW - Non-adapted KW - Salinity Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2018.1455748 SN - 0959-3330 SN - 1479-487X VL - 40 IS - 22 SP - 2880 EP - 2888 ER - TY - THES A1 - Muhondwa, Jacob Paul T1 - Hygienization of enteropathogens contaminated biowaste for safer biological treatments T1 - Hygenisierung von mit enterophatogenen Mikroorganismen kontaminierten organischen Abfällen für ungefährliche biologische Verwertungsstrategien Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-39529 CY - Cottbus ; Senftenberg ER - TY - THES A1 - Apau, Kwaku Boakye T1 - Developing a conceptual solution for domestic wastewater management in developing countries: Kumasi (Ghana) as a case study Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-41544 CY - Cottbus ; Senftenberg ER - TY - THES A1 - Andolfo, Franco T1 - Energieeffizientes Nährstoffsplitting von flüssigen Wirtschaftsdüngern mittels Membranfiltration Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-42805 CY - Cottbus ; Senftenberg ER - TY - THES A1 - Gómez Jáuregui Abdó, Juan Pablo T1 - Sustainable development of domestic water supply in emerging megacities : the case of the city of Guadalajara, Mexico Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-36075 CY - Cottbus ; Senftenberg ER - TY - GEN A1 - Böllmann, Jörg A1 - Engelbrecht, Steffen A1 - Martienssen, Marion T1 - Autofluorescent characteristics of Candidatus Brocadia fulgida and the consequences for FISH and microscopic detection T2 - Systematic and Applied Microbiology N2 - An enrichment culture of Candidatus Brocadia fulgida was identified by three independent methods: analysis of autofluorescence using different microscope filter blocks and a fluorescence spectrometer, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with anammox-specific probes and partial sequencing of the 16S rDNA, hydrazine synthase hzsA and hydrazine oxidoreductase hzo. The filter block BV-2A (400–440, 470 LP, Nikon) was suitable for preliminary detection of Ca. B. fulgida. An excitation-emission matrix revealed three pairs of excitation-emission maxima: 288–330 nm, 288–478 nm and 417–478 nm. Several autofluorescent cell clusters could not be stained with DAPI or by FISH, suggesting empty but intact cells (ghost cells) or inhibited permeability. Successful staining of autofluorescent cells with the FISH probes Ban162 and Bfu613, even at higher formamide concentrations, suggested insufficient specificity of Ban162. Under certain conditions, Ca. B. fulgida lost its autofluorescence, which reduced the reliability of autofluorescence for identification and detection. Non-fluorescent Ca. Brocadia cells could not be stained with Ban162, but with Bfu613 at higher formamide concentrations, suggesting a dependency between both parameters. The phylogenetic analysis showed only good taxonomical clustering of the 16S rDNA and hzsA. In conclusion, careful consideration of autofluorescent characteristics is recommended when analysing and presenting FISH observations of Ca. B. fulgida to avoid misinterpretations and misidentifications. KW - 16S rDNA KW - Hydrazine synthase hzsA KW - Hydrazine oxidase hzo KW - FISH KW - Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensi KW - Candidatus Brocadia fulgida Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.syapm.2018.09.002 SN - 1618-0984 SN - 0723-2020 VL - 42 IS - 2 SP - 135 EP - 144 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kuhn, Ramona A1 - Krahl, Kathrin A1 - Bryant, Isaac Mbir A1 - Martienssen, Marion A1 - Böllmann, Jörg T1 - DNA-Extraktion aus mikrobiellen Umweltproben T2 - BioSpektrum Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12268-018-0963-0 SN - 1868-6249 SN - 0947-0867 VL - 24 IS - 6 SP - 596 EP - 598 ER - TY - THES A1 - Bryant, Isaac Mbir T1 - Development of single-stage solar supported hyper-thermophilic anaerobic reactor for biogas production and disinfection of black water. A pilot case study of Terterkessim slum, Elmina-Ghana. N2 - Rapid urbanisation in Ghana has resulted in individuals expanding the cities for abodes without considerations of the negative externalities these may have on the environment. One of the major challenges with rapid urbanisation is the formation of urban slums associated with lack of basic sanitation facilities. This has led to recurrent outbreak of cholera and typhoid fever. The use of a single-stage solar-supported hyper-thermophilic anaerobic biogas digester for the treatment of black water has not been investigated, hence this study. The performance of three seeding sludge under three different hyper-thermophilic temperatures (60°C, 65°C and 70°C) were tested in batch tests. The three seeding sludge were sewage sludge, sludge from maize silage and cow manure. The results from the batch tests showed cow manure at 65°C as the preferred seeding sludge and optimal hyper-thermophilic temperature. A 50 L single-stage laboratory-scale hyper-thermophilic continuous stirred tank reactor (HT-CSTR) was operated to treat only black water for 10 weeks using cow manure at 65°C as the seeding sludge and optimal hyper-thermophilic temperature. Afterwards, co-digestion of blended kitchen food waste and black water was also practised for 12 weeks. With a mean hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 23.3 days, a mean total COD removal of 86.3 % was achieved. The reactor had an average COD volumetric loading rate of 6.22 kgCOD/(m3.d) and remained uninhibited. It also had organic loading rate of 0.3 kgVS/(m3.d) and a degradation performance (R) of 5.43 kgCOD/(m3.d). Treatment of only black water produced biogas with less methane content of 34.9 % even though a stable pH of 6.9 was recorded both in the reactor and in the effluent. Co-digestion with kitchen food waste increased the percentage content of methane in the biogas by 77 % from 34.9 % to 61.8 %. The effectiveness of the HT-CSTR to hygienise the effluent for agricultural purpose was assessed by spiking the reactor with 200 ml each of 2 x 109 CFU/ml Salmonella senftenbergensis and 8 x 108 CFU/ml Escherichia coli. The HT-CSTR was able to hygienise all bacteria of Salmonella senftenbergensis and E. coli. A simulation test confirmed that between 30 minutes and 1 hour, all the cells of Salmonella senftenbergensis and E. coli in the treatment system were killed at 65 °C. Eubacteria, Methanosarcina spp., Methanomicrobium spp. and Methanococcus spp. were identified in the seeding sludge at the hyper-thermophilic temperature of 65°C. The design, construction and performance of a pilot-scale reactor in Terterkessim slum in Elmina, Ghana was based on results from the laboratory-scale HT-CSTR. It achieved 97 % removal of influent total COD and could produce about 2.52 Nm³CH₄/(kgCOD.d) which could be burned for at least 8 hours. The effluent cannot be used for cultivation of leafy vegetables such as cabbage since it had some concentrations of pathogens like Salmonella spp. and E. coli but can be used for cotton crop. T2 - Entwicklung eines einstufigen solar-gestützten hyperthermophilen Anaerobreaktors für die Biogasproduktion und Desinfektion von Schwarzwasser : Pilotstudie im Terterkessim Slum, Elmina – Ghana Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-47814 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kuhn, Ramona A1 - Bryant, Isaac Mbir A1 - Martienssen, Marion T1 - Unreactive Phosphorus - Organophosphonates (mini review) T2 - Organic compounds N2 - Phosphonates comprise a very large group of organophosphonates including aminophosphonates. Their main chemical feature leads to complexation of earth alkaline metals and transition metals (under stoichiometric). Therefore they are very often applied as complexing agents of detergents, as compounds of industrial cleaning products, or as antiscalants in cooling water systems and desalination processes. The high consumption of phosphonates within the past two decades leads to an increased discharge into the aquatic environment, of which the environmental risk is still uncertain. To date, there are several analytical methods published to determine phosphonates from environmental samples. However, no standard method has been defined until now. Different treatment technologies to break down phosphonates have been studied extensively such as photochemical degradation, chemical degradation and other advanced oxidation processes. The results obtained from those studies gained our chemical understanding with respect to possible implementation of such pre-treatment approaches in wastewater treatment, cooling water treatment and desalination process. The biological degradation of phosphonates has been studied for more than forty years. It was demonstrated that microorganisms are capable to breakdown the C-P bond with at least three different degradation pathways. KW - Phosphonates KW - Photodegradation KW - Biodegradation KW - Analytical detection Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-93-87500-41-9 PB - Open Access eBook CY - Las Vegas, USA ET - 1. Auflage ER - TY - GEN A1 - Martienssen, Marion A1 - Böllmann, Jörg A1 - Nixdorf, Brigitte A1 - Rathsack, Kristina T1 - Calculation of hypolimnic denitrification in a dimictic freshwater lake during summer stratification T2 - Aquatic Microbial Ecology KW - Denitrification KW - freshwater Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3354/ame01911 SN - 0948-3055 SN - 1616-1564 VL - 83 IS - 2 SP - 189 EP - 201 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kuhn, Ramona A1 - Jensch, Robert A1 - Bryant, Isaac Mbir A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Liebsch, Stephan A1 - Martienssen, Marion T1 - Rapid sample clean-up procedure for aminophosphonate determination by LC/MS analysis T2 - Talanta N2 - Aminophosphonates are commonly utilised for complexing bivalent ions such as calcium and magnesium. With regard to environmental samples, the analysis of these highly polar compounds is still challenging due to matrix effects and lacking analytical standard methods. We have recently developed a LC/MS method for common aminophosphonates without derivatisation. This LC/MS method delivers precise and accurate measurement for standard samples with very low concentration of cations disturbing the analysis. However, due to matrix effects this LC/MS method requires a sample clean-up being also applicable to natural water or wastewater samples. We developed and optimised a sample clean-up procedure applying strong cation exchange resin Dowex 50WX8. This clean-up allows a single LC/MS analysis of hydroxyethelidene(diphosphonic acid) (HEDP), aminotris(methylenephosphonic acid) (ATMP), ethylenediaminetetra(methyloenephosphonic acid) (EDTMP), diethylenetriaminepenta(methylenephosphonic acid) (DTPMP) and its major intermediates amino(methylphosphonic acid) (AMPA) and iminodi(methylenephosphonic acid) (IDMP). We compared different test conditions with six aminophosphonates in either ultra pure water or tap water. The latter was used to simulate cation concentrations typical for natural waters. To elute all aminophosphonate including AMPA, ammonium acetate addition was necessary. The addition of ammonium acetate was combinable with all tested aminophosphonates and provides high sample quality for LC/MS analysis. For acceptable recovery, the smallest aminophosphonate AMPA required the highest addition of ammonium acetate (1000 mg L-1) during the sample clean-up. Finally, the optimised clean-up procedure was successfully applied to identify and quantify phosphonates from an industrial wastewater sample. The sample clean-up procedure is simple, cheap, rapid and precise and can be further combined with solid phase extraction and more sensitive LC/MS methods. KW - Phosphontes Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120454 SN - 0039-9140 VL - 208 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kuhn, Ramona A1 - Jensch, Robert A1 - Bryant, Isaac Mbir A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Liebsch, Stephan A1 - Martienssen, Marion T1 - Photodegradation of ethylenediaminetetra(methylenephosphonic acid) – The effect of the system configuration T2 - Journal of Photochemistry & Photobiology A: Chemistry N2 - Photodegradation of aminophosphonates such as ethylenediaminetetra(methylenephosphonic acid) (EDTMP) is recently assumed being the major degradation pathway in aquatic environments. Several photolysis studies were reported about EDTMP and possible breakdown products occurring in natural ecosystems. Reliable prediction of environmental photolysis of parent compounds and possible release of breakdown products requires different set-up conditions and varying the parameters influencing the photodegradation. We studied the influence of three different system configurations during UV degradation of EDTMP. These three configurations differed either in geometry and/or treated sample volumes. System 1 was equipped with a direct cooling jacket at the UV lamp. System 2 had the geometry of system 1 but there was no usage of a direct cooling jacket. System 3 was a gas-tight system with a larger sample volume. Using the chemical actinometer potassium ferrioxalate, we determined the highest photon flux for system 3 followed by system 2 and 1. In addition, we performed scavenger experiments with methanol and ascorbic acid in order to prove the dominating radical species. In system 1, the addition of methanol showed almost no effect while the ascorbic acid resulted in a reduction of 57.1% orthophosphate released. Therefore we conclude that in system 1 the radical-drive degradation of EDTMP is mainly based on superoxide radicals. In system 2 and 3 both radical species, i.e., hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals, contribute to the photodegradation of EDTMP. We determined different half-lives for EDTMP for the three different systems configurations. For system 1, the estimated half-life achieved was 14.09 ± 0.15 min. For system 2 and 3, the half-lives were almost similar and averaged 4.75 ± 0.05 min and 5.02 ± 0.20 min, respectively. Contrary to our assumption to also find the highest degradation rate for system 3, we found the highest degradation rate for system configuration 2 as a result of the differences in the construction and geometry of the three systems. Our findings lead us to recommend the three system configuration for different research purposes. Thus, we recommend system 1 for detailed studies on the degradation pathway of the parent compound and their breakdown products. System 2 is recommended as a suitable configuration for kinetic studies of the parent compound. And finally, we recommend the system configuration 3 for complete mass balances. The gas-tight system allows determining all soluble and gaseous compounds. KW - Phosphonates KW - Photodegradation KW - Photon flux KW - Scavenger KW - LC/MS KW - Actinometry Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.112192 SN - 1010-6030 VL - 388 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Preuß, Volker A1 - Vornholt, Carsten A1 - Kuhn, Ramona A1 - Martienssen, Marion ED - Wessling, Matthias ED - Pinnekamp, Johannes T1 - Untersuchung zur Membrangängigkeit von Antiscalants T2 - 13. Aachener Tagung Wassertechnologie : Verfahren der Wasseraufbereitung und Abwasserbehandlung N2 - Aminophosphonate sind synthetisch hergestellte Komplexbildner, die kovalente C-P Bindungen aufweisen. Durch zusätzlich eingefügte Aminogruppen (NH2) komplexieren Amino-phosphonate besonders gut Metallionen, weshalb sie in einem sehr breiten Anwendungsspektum zum Einsatz kommen. So werden Phosphonate vielseitig als Haushalts- und Industriereiniger, aber auch als Komponenten von Kosmetika und in der Medizin verwendet. Des weiteren werden sie zur Kühlwasserkonditionierung, Stabilisierung von Peroxiden oder Bleichbädern und als Korrosionsinhibiter eingesetzt. Entsprechend der vielseitigen Anwendungsgebiete lag bereits in den früher 90igern des vergangenen Jahrhunderts die Gesamtproduktion an Phosphonaten in Europa bei über 11.000 Tonnen pro Jahr (Jaworska et al., 2002). Weltweit zeigen die Nutzung und der damit verbundene Bedarf an Phosphonaten einen immer weiter steigenden Trend. Dem entgegen steht der noch immer wenig untersuchte Verbleib und das chemische Verhalten von Phosphonaten in der Umwelt. Die gegenwärtig technisch eingesetzten Phosphonate ähneln in ihrer Struktur den bekannteren Aminocarboxylaten wie dem EDTA und NTA. Chemisch synthetisierte Phosphonate sind nur schwer biologisch abbaubar, weshalb zu einer kontinuierlichen Anreicherung in der aquatischen Umwelt kommen kann (Jaworska et al., 2002). Dies liegt unter anderem auch daran, dass Phosphonate als Phosphatersatz in großen Mengen in Waschmitteln enthalten sind und über das Abwasser in die Kläranlagen gelangen, wo sie nicht weiter biologisch abgebaut werden. Sie werden hauptsächlich durch Absorption an die Oberfläche vom Belebtschlamm aus den Abwasser entfernt. Nowack (2004) beschrieb die Toxizität von Phosphonaten in Kläranlagen als gering, verwies aber gleichzeitig darauf, dass aufgrund ihrer hohen Stabilität Phosphonate hemmend auf Proteasen und Syntheasen (Enzyme) von Mikroorganismen wirken. Der photochemische und biologische Abbau von dem Phosphonat EDTMP wurde eingehend untersucht, um dessen Umweltverhalten besser abschätzen zu können. Ziel der Untersuchungen war es den Abbauprozess zu entschlüsseln als Grundlage für die langfristige Entwicklung umweltverträglicher Aminophosphonatstrukturen. Der photochemische Abbau von EDTMP und die Bildung von Metaboliten konnte mittels LC-MS und 31P-NMR bereits aufgeklärt werden. So zeigt sich das EDTMP bereits nach wenigen Minuten im UV-Licht zerfällt und nicht mehr nachgewiesen werden kann. Als Hauptprodukt konnte das Phosphonat IDMP identifiziert werden. Als weitere Abbauprodukte konnten die Phosphonate EABMP und AMPA identifiziert werden. In allen Versuchen konnte nach 300 min UV-Behandlung mindestens 75% des Endprodukts CO2 nachgewiesen werden. Weitere drei maßgebliche Abbauprodukte wurden mit Hilfe der LC-MS gefunden. Deren chemische Struktur konnte bisher jedoch noch nicht eindeutig beschrieben werden. Im Anschluss an die UV-Experimente wurde ein Versuch mit Sonnenlicht simuliert. Insgesamt verlief der EDTMP-Abbau im Sonnenlicht wesentlich langsamer. Auch hier konnten wieder dieselben Abbauprodukte IDMP, EABMP und AMPA identifiziert werden. Zusätzlich traten auch die drei noch nicht eindeutig identifizierten Metaboliten von EDTMP auf. Aus den gewonnen Daten kann somit geschlussfolgert werden, dass EDTMP unter Einwirkung von UV-Licht abbaubar ist. Die Annahme, dass EDTMP und dessen Abbauprodukte langfristig zur Schädigung des aquatischen Ökosystems führt, kann somit nicht bestätigt werden. In weiteren Untersuchungen wurde der biologische Abbau von EDTMP und seiner photochemischen Abbauprodukten eingehend studiert. Für die Abbauversuche wurden die beiden Stämme Pseudomonas aeruginosa und Ochrobactrum sp. aus Boden isoliert. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass sie 1mM EDTMP innerhalb von 35 Tagen zu mindestens 94% abbauen. Zusätzlich zum biologischen Abbau von EDTMP wurden auch die Verdopplungszeitung der beiden Stämme für EDTMP, IDMP, EABMP und AMAP ermittelt. Es zeigte sich, dass der Stamm P. aeruginosa für alle vier Phosphonate ein besseres wachstum zeigte als Ochrobactrum sp. Der Stamm P. aeruginosa erreichte für die Verstoffwechselung von EDTMP eine Verdopplungszeit von 10,1 Tagen, für IDMP 7,4 Tage, für EABMP 7,4 Tage und für AMPA 13,7 Tage. Der Stamm Ochrobactrum sp. erreichte für das Substrat EDTMP eine Verdopplungszeit von 11,8 Tagen, für IDMP 18,9 Tage, für EABMP 7,7 Tage und für AMPA 22,0 Tage. Offensichtlich war für beide Stämme der Abbau von AMPA der limitierende, aber nicht hemmende Schritt im biologischen Abbau. Somit kann geschlussfolgert werden, dass die Abbauprodukte der Photolyse auch biologisch abgebaut werden können. In weiteren Untersuchungen soll der biologische Abbau auf enzymatischer Ebene entschlüsselt werden. Die Identifizierung der Schüsselenzyme spielt hierbei eine wesentliche Rolle, um neuartige Phosphonatstrukturen herzuleiten, die auf der einen Seite ihre Funktionalität und Eigenschaften behalten, aber auf der anderen Seite eine erheblich verbesserte Bioverfügbarkeit aufweisen, so dass eine dauerhafte Akkumulation in der Umwelt und Folgebeeinträchtigungen minimiert ggf. ausgeschlossen werden können. KW - Antiscalant KW - Membranfiltration KW - Membrangängigkeit KW - Nanofiltration KW - Phosphonate KW - Umkehrosmose Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-95886-305-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10/35549368458 VL - 2019 SP - 117 EP - 123 PB - Verlagshaus Mainz GmbH Aachen CY - Aachen ET - 1. Auflage ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kuhn, Ramona A1 - Bryant, Isaac Mbir A1 - Jensch, Robert A1 - Liebsch, Stephan A1 - Martienssen, Marion T1 - Photolysis of hexamethylenediaminetetra(methylenephosphonic acid) (HDTMP) using manganese and hydrogen peroxide T2 - Emerging Contaminants N2 - Aminophosphonates such as hexamethylenediaminetreta(methylene phosphonic acid) (HDTMP) are categorised as persistent substances. They are commonly used as scale inhibitors in cooling water systems and desalination processes. After utilisation, they are often discharged into aquatic environment without pre-treatment. Advanced oxidation processes (AOP) are promising pre-treatments for industrial wastewater treatments. We investigated the photodegradation of HDTMP with or without addition of manganese (Mn2þ) and/or H2O2. Similar to results of our former photodegradation studies, we found that HDTMP also undergoes conversion with or without additives during the ultra violet (UV) irradiation. The reaction rate was most affected by the addition of H2O2, i.e. the HDTMP degradation was accelerated by a factor 3.85 compared with UV treatment without additives. The addition of Mn2þ accelerated the degradation of HDTMP only by a factor 1.53 compared with the UV treatment without additives. The combined addition of Mn2þ and H2O2 accelerated the HDTMP degradation by a factor 2.81. Interestingly, the initial cleavage is not initiated as expected at the CeN bond but at the CeP bond of the methyl carbon and the phosphorus of the methylenephosphonic acid group of HDTMP. This initial cleavage was independent whether the UV treatment was performed with or without additives. Therefore, we conclude that the degradation mechanism is similar independent of the four tested treatment conditions. We identified amino(methylenephosphonic acid) AMPA, dimethylamino(methylenephosphonic acid) DAMP and iminodi(methylenephosphonic acid) IDMP as the major breakdown products by performing LC/MS analyses. The major mineralisation products were ortho-phosphate, ammonium and carbon dioxide. The mass balances of unknown breakdown products KW - HDTMP KW - Hydrogen peroxide KW - Manganese KW - LC/MS KW - Phosphonates KW - Photolysis Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emcon.2019.11.003 N1 - Die präsentierten Ergebnissen in diesem Artikel sind im Rahmen von zwei Abschlussarbeiten an der BTU erstellt worden. VL - 2020 IS - 6 SP - 10 EP - 19 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bryant, Isaac Mbir A1 - Burkhardt, Marko A1 - Martienssen, Marion T1 - Comparison of performance of three diferent seeding sludge under three different hyper-thermophilic temperatures T2 - International Journal of Environmental Engineering Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEE.2019.099979 SN - 1756-8471 SN - 1756-8463 VL - 10 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 16 ER -