TY - GEN A1 - Froehlich, K. A1 - Jančovič, P. A1 - Hudek, B. A1 - Dérer, J. A1 - Paskaleva, A. A1 - Bertaud, Thomas A1 - Schroeder, Thomas T1 - Atomic layer deposition of thin oxide films for resistive switching T2 - Electrochemical Society (ECS) Transactions Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1149/05810.0163ecst SN - 1938-6737 VL - 58 IS - 10 SP - 163 EP - 170 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Virgilio, Michele A1 - Manganelli, Constanza Lucia A1 - Grosso, G. A1 - Schroeder, Thomas A1 - Capellini, Giovanni T1 - Photoluminescence, recombination rate, and gain spectra in optically excited n-type and tensile strained germanium layers T2 - Journal of Applied Physics Y1 - 2013 SN - 0021-8979 VL - 114 IS - 24 SP - 243102 EP - 243102-11 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wang, P. A1 - Liang, O. A1 - Zhang, Wei A1 - Schroeder, Thomas A1 - Xie, Y. H. T1 - Ultra-Sensitive Graphene-Plasmonic Hybrid Platform for Label-Free Detection T2 - Advanced Materials Y1 - 2013 SN - 1521-4095 VL - 25 IS - 35 SP - 4918 EP - 4924 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zaumseil, Peter A1 - Kozłowski, Grzegorz A1 - Yamamoto, Yuji A1 - Schubert, Markus Andreas A1 - Schroeder, Thomas T1 - X-ray Characterization of Ge Dots Epitaxially Grown on Nano-structured Si Islands on SOI Substrates T2 - Journal of Applied Crystallography Y1 - 2013 SN - 0021-8898 VL - 46 IS - 4 SP - 868 EP - 873 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Tarnawska, Lidia Lupina A1 - Dabrowski, Jarek Marek A1 - Grzela, Tomasz A1 - Niermann, T. A1 - Lehmann, M. A1 - Storck, Peter A1 - Schröder, Thomas T1 - Interface science of virtual GaN substrates on Si(111) via Sc2O3/Y2O3 buffers: Experiment and Theory T2 - Journal of Applied Physics Y1 - 2013 SN - 0021-8979 VL - 113 IS - 21 SP - 213507 EP - 213507 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Niermann, T. A1 - Zengler, D. A1 - Tarnawska, Lidia Lupina A1 - Storck, Peter A1 - Schroeder, Thomas T1 - Virtual GaN substrates via Sc2O3/Y2O3 buffers on Si(111): TEM Characterization of growth defects T2 - Journal of Applied Physics Y1 - 2013 SN - 0021-8979 VL - 113 IS - 22 SP - 223501 EP - 223501-8 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schäfer, Anna A1 - Wendt, Fabian A1 - Mantl, Siegfried A1 - Hartdegen, Hilde A1 - Mikulics, Martin A1 - Schubert, Jürgen A1 - Luysberg, Martina A1 - Besmehn, Astrid A1 - Niu, Gang A1 - Schroeder, Thomas T1 - Hexagonal LaLuO3 as high-k dielectric T2 - Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology : B Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1116/1.4904401 VL - 33 SP - 01A104 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Di Gaspare, L. A1 - Sabbagh, D. A1 - De Seta, Monica A1 - Sodo, A. A1 - Wirths, S. A1 - Buca, Dan A1 - Zaumseil, Peter A1 - Schroeder, Thomas A1 - Capellini, Giovanni T1 - A very low temperature epi-cleaning process for Ge / GeSn heterostructures T2 - Journal of Applied Physics Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4906616 SN - 1089-7550 VL - 117 SP - 045306 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Taoka, Noriyuki A1 - Asano, Takanori A1 - Yamaha, Takashi A1 - Terashima, Tatsuya A1 - Nakatsuka, Osamu A1 - Costina, Ioan A1 - Zaumseil, Peter A1 - Capellini, Giovanni A1 - Zaima, Shigeaki A1 - Schroeder, Thomas T1 - Non-uniform depth distributions of Sn concentration induced by Sn migration and desorption during GeSnSi layer formation T2 - Applied Physics Letters Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4908121 SN - 1077-3118 VL - 106 SP - 061107-1 EP - 061107-5 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Virgilio, Michele A1 - Witzigmann, Bernd A1 - Bolognini, Gabriele A1 - Guha, Subhajit A1 - Schröder, Thomas A1 - Capellini, Giovanni T1 - CMOS-compatible, modulator concept based on strain-induced refractive-index modulation T2 - Optics Express Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.23.005930 SN - 1094-4087 VL - 23 IS - 5 SP - 5930 EP - 5940 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wirths, S. A1 - Troitsch, R. A1 - Mussler, G. A1 - Stoica, T. A1 - Hartmann, J.-M. A1 - Zaumseil, Peter A1 - Schroeder, Thomas A1 - Mantl, Siegfried A1 - Buca, Dan T1 - Ternary and Quaternary Ni(Si)GeSn Contact Formation for highly strained Ge p- and n-MOSFETs T2 - Semiconductor Science and Technology Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/0268-1242/30/5/055003 SN - 0268-1242 VL - 30 IS - 5 SP - 055003 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kaletta, Udo Christian A1 - Wipf, Christian A1 - Fraschke, Mirko A1 - Wolansky, Dirk A1 - Schubert, Markus Andreas A1 - Schroeder, Thomas A1 - Wenger, Christian T1 - AlN/SiO2/Si3N4/Si(100) based CMOS compatible surface acoustic wave filter with -12.8 dB minimum insertion loss T2 - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/TED.2015.2395443 SN - 0018-9383 VL - 62 IS - 3 SP - 764 EP - 768 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Koczorowski, Wojciech A1 - Grzela, Tomasz A1 - Radny, M. W. A1 - Schofield, S. R. A1 - Capellini, Giovanni A1 - Czajka, Ryszard A1 - Schröder, Thomas A1 - Curson, Neil J. T1 - Ba termination of Ge(001) studied with STM T2 - Nanotechnology Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/26/15/155701 SN - 1361-6528 SN - 0957-4484 VL - 26 IS - 15 SP - 155701 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Peschka, Dirk A1 - Thomas, Marc A1 - Glitzky, Annegret A1 - Nürnberg, Reiner A1 - Gärtner, Klaus A1 - Virgilio, Michele A1 - Guha, Shekhar A1 - Schröder, Thomas A1 - Capellini, Giovanni A1 - Koprucki, Thomas T1 - Modeling of edge-emitting lasers based on tensile strained Germanium microstripes T2 - IEEE Photonics Journal Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2015.2427093 SN - 1943-0655 N1 - Article 1502115 VL - 7 IS - 3 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schäfer, Anna A1 - Rahmanizadeh, K. A1 - Bihlmayer, G. A1 - Luysberg, Martina A1 - Wendt, Fabian A1 - Besmehn, Astrid A1 - Fox, A. A1 - Schnee, M. A1 - Niu, Gang A1 - Schroeder, Thomas A1 - Mantl, Siegfried A1 - Hartdegen, Hilde A1 - Mikulics, Martin A1 - Schubert, Jürgen T1 - Polymorphous GdScO3 as high permittivity dielectric T2 - Journal of Alloy and Compunds Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.08.135 SN - 0925-8388 VL - 651 SP - 514 EP - 520 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Salvalaglio, Marco A1 - Bergamaschini, Roberto A1 - Isa, Fabio A1 - Scaccabarozi, Andrea A1 - Isella, Giovanni A1 - Backofen, Rainer A1 - Voigt, Axel A1 - Montalenti, Francesco A1 - Capellini, Giovanni A1 - Marzegalli, Anna A1 - Schroeder, Thomas A1 - Känel, Hans von A1 - Miglio, Leo T1 - Engineering coalescence by annealing of 3D Ge microstructures into high-qualtiy suspended layers on Si T2 - ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b05054 SN - 1944-8244 VL - 7 IS - 34 SP - 19219 EP - 19225 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Virgilio, Michele A1 - Schröder, Thomas A1 - Yamamoto, Yuji A1 - Capellini, Giovanni T1 - Radiative and non-radiative recombinations in tensile strained Ge microstrips: Photoluminescence experiments and modeling T2 - Journal of Applied Physics Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4938026 SN - 1089-7550 SN - 0021-8979 VL - 118 IS - 23 SP - 233110 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Niu, Gang A1 - Capellini, Giovanni A1 - Lupina, Grzegorz A1 - Niermann, Tore A1 - Salvalaglio, Marco A1 - Marzegalli, Anna A1 - Schubert, Markus Andreas A1 - Zaumseil, Peter A1 - Krause, Hans-Michael A1 - Skibitzki, Oliver A1 - Lehmann, Michael A1 - Montalenti, Francesco A1 - Xie, Ya-Hong A1 - Schröder, Thomas T1 - Photodetection in hybrid single layer graphene/fully coherent Ge island nanostructures selectively grown on Si nano-tip patterns T2 - ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces Y1 - 2016 SN - 1944-8252 VL - 8 IS - 3 SP - 2017 EP - 2026 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Peschka, Dirk A1 - Thomas, Marita A1 - Glitzky, Annegret A1 - Nürnberg, Reiner A1 - Virgilio, Michele A1 - Guha, Subhajit A1 - Schröder, Thomas A1 - Capellini, Giovanni A1 - Koprucki, Thomas T1 - Robustness analysis of a device concept for edge-emitting lasers based on strained Germanium T2 - Optical and Quantum Electronics Y1 - 2016 SN - 1572-817X VL - 48 IS - 2, Article 156 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zaumseil, Peter A1 - Schubert, Markus Andreas A1 - Yamamoto, Yuji A1 - Skibitzki, Oliver A1 - Capellini, Giovanni A1 - Schröder, Thomas T1 - Misfit dislocation-free epitaxial growth of SiGe on compliant nanostructured Silicon T2 - Solid State Phenomena Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/SSP.242.402 SN - 1662-9779 SN - 0377-6883 VL - 242 SP - 402 EP - 407 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Taoka, Noriyuki A1 - Capellini, Giovanni A1 - Driesch, Nils von den A1 - Buca, Dan A1 - Zaumseil, Peter A1 - Schubert, Markus Andreas A1 - Klesse, Wolfgang Matthias A1 - Montanari, Michele A1 - Schröder, Thomas T1 - Sn Migration Control at High Temperature Due to High Deposition Speed for Forming High Quality GeSn Layer T2 - Applied Physics Express Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.7567/APEX.9.031201 SN - 1882-0786 SN - 1882-0778 VL - 9 IS - 3 SP - 031201 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Niu, Gang A1 - Capellini, Giovanni A1 - Schubert, Markus Andreas A1 - Niermann, Tore A1 - Zaumseil, Peter A1 - Katzer, Jens A1 - Krause, Hans-Michael A1 - Skibitzki, Oliver A1 - Lehmann, Michael A1 - Xie, Ya-Hong A1 - Känel, Hans von A1 - Schröder, Thomas T1 - Dislocation-free Ge nano-crystals via pattern dependent selective Ge heteroepitaxy on Si nano-tip wafers T2 - Scientific Reports Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/srep22709 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 6 SP - 22709 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Niu, Gang A1 - Calka, Pauline A1 - Walczyk, Christian A1 - Guha, Subhajit A1 - Fraschke, Mirko A1 - Fröhlich, K. A1 - Hamoumou, Philippe A1 - Gautier, Brice A1 - Alff, Lambert A1 - Schröder, Thomas T1 - Geometric conductive filament confinement by nanotips for resistive switching of HfO₂-RAM devices with high performance T2 - Scientific Reports Y1 - 2016 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 6 IS - 25757 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ewert, Moritz A1 - Schmidt, Thomas A1 - Flege, Jan Ingo A1 - Heidmann, Inga A1 - Grzela, Tomasz A1 - Klesse, Wolfgang Matthias A1 - Förster, M. A1 - Aballe, Lucia A1 - Schröder, Thomas T1 - Morphology and Chemical Composition of Co Germanide islands on Ge(001): in-situ nanoscale insights into contact formation for Ge-based device technology T2 - Nanotechnology Y1 - 2016 SN - 1361-6528 SN - 0957-4484 VL - 27 IS - 32 SP - 325705 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Yang, Sang Mo A1 - Mazet, Lucie A1 - Okatan, M. Baris A1 - Jesse, Stephen A1 - Niu, Gang A1 - Schroeder, Thomas A1 - Schamm-Chardon, Sylvie A1 - Dubourdieu, Catherine A1 - Baddorf, Arthur P. A1 - Kalinin, Sergei V. T1 - Decoupling indirect topographic cross-talk in band excitation piezoresponse force microscopy imaging and spectroscopy T2 - Applied Physics Letters Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4954276 SN - 1077-3118 VL - 108 IS - 25 SP - 252902 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Engelhard, M. A1 - Klemp, C. A1 - Behringer, M. A1 - Rudolph, A. A1 - Skibitzki, Oliver A1 - Zaumseil, Peter A1 - Schröder, Thomas T1 - Characterization of reclaimed GaAs substrates and investigation of reuse for thin film InGaAlP LED epitaxial growth T2 - Journal of Applied Physics Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4955333 SN - 1089-7550 SN - 0021-8979 VL - 120 IS - 4 SP - 045301 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Dabrowski, Jarek Marek A1 - Lippert, Gunther A1 - Avila, J. A1 - Baringhaus, Jens A1 - Colambo, I. A1 - Dedkov, Yu. S. A1 - Herziger, Felix A1 - Lupina, Grzegorz A1 - Maultzsch, J. A1 - Schaffus, T. A1 - Schröder, Thomas A1 - Sowinska, Małgorzata A1 - Tegenkamp, Christoph A1 - Vignaud, D. A1 - Asensio, Maria Carmen T1 - Understanding the growth mechanism of graphene on Ge/Si(001) surfaces T2 - Scientific Reports Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/srep31639 SN - 2045-2322 IS - 6 SP - Art. 31639 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Niu, Gang A1 - Capellini, Giovanni A1 - Hatami, Fariba A1 - Bartolomeo, Antonio di A1 - Niermann, Tore A1 - Hameed, Hussein Emad A1 - Schubert, Markus Andreas A1 - Krause, Hans-Michael A1 - Zaumseil, Peter A1 - Skibitzki, Oliver A1 - Masselink, William T. A1 - Lehmann, Michael A1 - Xie, Ya-Hong A1 - Schröder, Thomas T1 - Selective Epitaxy of InP on Si and Rectification in Graphene/InP/Si Hybrid Structure T2 - ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b09592 SN - 1944-8244 SN - 1944-8252 VL - 8 IS - 40 SP - 26948 EP - 26955 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sharat, S. U. A1 - Joseph, Merin A1 - Vogel, Stefan A1 - Hildebrandt, E. A1 - Komissinskiy, P. A1 - Kurian, J. A1 - Schröder, Thomas A1 - Alff, Lambert T1 - Impact of Oxygen stoichiometry on electroforming and multiple switching modes in TiN/TaOₓ/Pt based ReRAM T2 - Applied Physics Letters Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4965872 SN - 1077-3118 SN - 0003-6951 VL - 109 IS - 17 SP - 173503 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Skibitzki, Oliver A1 - Capellini, Giovanni A1 - Yamamoto, Yuji A1 - Zaumseil, Peter A1 - Schubert, Markus Andreas A1 - Schröder, Thomas A1 - Ballabio, Andrea A1 - Bergamaschini, Roberto A1 - Salvalaglio, Marco A1 - Miglio, Leo A1 - Montalenti, Francesco T1 - RP-CVD growth of isolated Ge crystals and suspended layers on micrometric Si pillars T2 - ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b07694 SN - 1944-8244 SN - 1944-8252 VL - 8 IS - 39 SP - 26374 EP - 26380 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schlykow, Viktoria A1 - Klesse, Wolfgang Matthias A1 - Niu, Gang A1 - Taoka, Noriyuki A1 - Yamamoto, Yuji A1 - Skibitzki, Oliver A1 - Barget, M. R. A1 - Zaumseil, Peter A1 - Känel, Hans von A1 - Schubert, Markus Andreas A1 - Capellini, Giovanni A1 - Schroeder, Thomas T1 - Selective growth of fully relaxed GeSn nano-islands by nanoheteroepitaxy on patterned Si(001) T2 - Applied Physics Letters Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4967500 SN - 1077-3118 VL - 109 IS - 20 SP - 202102 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bartolomeo, Antonio di A1 - Passacantando, Maurizio A1 - Niu, Gang A1 - Schlykow, Viktoria A1 - Lupina, Grzegorz A1 - Giubileo, Filippo A1 - Schröder, Thomas T1 - Observation of field emission from GeSn nanoparticles epitaxially grown on silicon nanotip arrays T2 - Nanotechnology Y1 - 2016 SN - 1361-6528 SN - 0957-4484 VL - 27 IS - 48 SP - 485707 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lukosius, Mindaugas A1 - Lippert, Gunther A1 - Dabrowski, Jarek Marek A1 - Kitzmann, Julia A1 - Lisker, Marco A1 - Kulse, Philipp A1 - Krüger, Andreas A1 - Fursenko, Oksana A1 - Costina, Ioan A1 - Trusch, Andreas A1 - Yamamoto, Yuji A1 - Wolff, Andre A1 - Mai, Andreas A1 - Schröder, Thomas T1 - Graphene Synthesis and Processing on Ge Substrates T2 - ECS transactions Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1149/07508.0533ecst SN - 1938-6737 SN - 1938-5862 VL - 75 IS - 8 SP - 533 EP - 540 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lukosius, Mindaugas A1 - Dabrowski, Jarek Marek A1 - Lisker, Marco A1 - Kitzmann, Julia A1 - Schulze, Sebastian A1 - Lippert, Gunther A1 - Fursenko, Oksana A1 - Yamamoto, Yuji A1 - Schubert, Markus Andreas A1 - Krause, Hans-Michael A1 - Wolff, Andre A1 - Mai, A. A1 - Schröder, Thomas A1 - Lupina, Grzegorz T1 - Metal-free, CVD Graphene synthesis on 200 mm Ge / Si(001) substrates T2 - ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b11397 SN - 1944-8244 SN - 1944-8252 VL - 8 IS - 49 SP - 33786 EP - 33793 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Grzela, Tomasz A1 - Capellini, Giovanni A1 - Koczorowski, Wojciech A1 - Schubert, Markus Andreas A1 - Czajka, Ryszard A1 - Curson, Neil J. A1 - Heidmann, Inga A1 - Schmidt, Thomas A1 - Falta, Jens A1 - Schröder, Thomas T1 - Growth and evolution of nickel – germanide nanonstructures on Ge(001) T2 - Nanotechnology Y1 - 2015 SN - 1361-6528 SN - 0957-4484 VL - 26 IS - 38 SP - 385701 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wang, Pu A1 - Xia, Ming A1 - Liang, Owen A1 - Sun, Ke A1 - Cipriano, Aaron F. A1 - Schröder, Thomas A1 - Liu, Huinan A1 - Xie, Ya-Hong T1 - Label-free Neurotransmitter SERS Detection by Graphene-Gold Nanopyramid Heterostructure T2 - Analytical Chemistry Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01560 SN - 0003-2700 SN - 1520-6882 VL - 87 IS - 20 SP - 10255 EP - 10261 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bartolomeo, Antonio di A1 - Giubileo, Filippo A1 - Romeo, Francesco A1 - Sabatino, Paolo A1 - Carapella, Giovanni A1 - Iemmo, Laura A1 - Schröder, Thomas A1 - Lupina, Grzegorz T1 - Graphene field effect transistors with Niobium contacts and asymmetric transfer characteristics T2 - Nanotechnology Y1 - 2015 SN - 1361-6528 SN - 0957-4484 VL - 26 IS - 47 SP - 475202 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Matbaechi Ettehad, Honeyeh A1 - Wenger, Christian T1 - Characterization and Separation of Live and Dead Yeast Cells Using CMOS-Based DEP Microfluidics T2 - Micromachines N2 - This study aims at developing a miniaturized CMOS integrated silicon-based microfluidic system, compatible with a standard CMOS process, to enable the characterization, and separation of live and dead yeast cells (as model bio-particle organisms) in a cell mixture using the DEP technique. DEP offers excellent benefits in terms of cost, operational power, and especially easy electrode integration with the CMOS architecture, and requiring label-free sample preparation. This can increase the likeliness of using DEP in practical settings. In this work the DEP force was generated using an interdigitated electrode arrays (IDEs) placed on the bottom of a CMOS-based silicon microfluidic channel. This system was primarily used for the immobilization of yeast cells using DEP. This study validated the system for cell separation applications based on the distinct responses of live and dead cells and their surrounding media. The findings confirmed the device’s capability for efficient, rapid and selective cell separation. The viability of this CMOS embedded microfluidic for dielectrophoretic cell manipulation applications and compatibility of the dielectrophoretic structure with CMOS production line and electronics, enabling its future commercially mass production. KW - dielectrophoresis KW - microfluidics KW - cell characterization KW - CMOS Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12030270 SN - 2072-666X VL - 12 IS - 3 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Soltani Zarrin, Pouya A1 - Wenger, Christian T1 - Implementation of Siamese-Based Few-Shot Learning Algorithms for the Distinction of COPD and Asthma Subjects T2 - Artificial Neural Networks and Machine Learning – ICANN 2020 : 29th International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks, Bratislava, Slovakia, September 15–18, 2020, Proceedings, Part I N2 - This paper investigates the practicality of applying braininspired Few-Shot Learning (FSL) algorithms for addressing shortcomings of Machine Learning (ML) methods in medicine with limited data availability. As a proof of concept, the application of ML for the detection of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients was investigated. The complexities associated with the distinction of COPD and asthma patients and the lack of sufficient training data for asthma subjects impair the performance of conventional ML models for the recognition of COPD. Therefore, the objective of this study was to implement FSL methods for the distinction of COPD and asthma subjects with a few available data points. The proposed FSL models in this work were capable of recognizing asthma and COPD patients with 100% accuracy, demonstrating the feasibility of the approach for applications such as medicine with insufficient data availability. KW - Machine Learning KW - COPD Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61609-0_34 SP - 431 EP - 440 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - GEN A1 - Perez-Avila, Antonio Javier A1 - Gonzalez-Cordero, Gerardo A1 - Perez, Eduardo A1 - Perez-Bosch Quesada, Emilio A1 - Mahadevaiah, Mamathamba Kalishettyhalli A1 - Wenger, Christian A1 - Roldan, Juan Bautista A1 - Jimenez-Molinos, Francisco T1 - Behavioral modeling of multilevel HfO2-based memristors for neuromorphic circuit simulation T2 - XXXV Conference on Design of Circuits and Integrated Systems (DCIS), Segovia, Spain N2 - An artificial neural network based on resistive switching memristors is implemented and simulated in LTspice. The influence of memristor variability and the reduction of the continuous range of synaptic weights into a discrete set of conductance levels is analyzed. To do so, a behavioral model is proposed for multilevel resistive switching memristors based on Al-doped HfO2 dielectrics, and it is implemented in a spice based circuit simulator. The model provides an accurate description of the conductance in the different conductive states in addition to describe the device-to-device variability KW - RRAM KW - Multilevel switching KW - behavorial model Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/DCIS51330.2020.9268652 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Perez, Eduardo A1 - Pérez-Ávila, Antonio Javier A1 - Romero-Zaliz, Rocío A1 - Mahadevaiah, Mamathamba Kalishettyhalli A1 - Pérez-Bosch Quesada, Emilio A1 - Roldan, Juan Bautista A1 - Jiménez-Molinos, Francisco A1 - Wenger, Christian T1 - Optimization of Multi-Level Operation in RRAM Arrays for In-Memory Computing T2 - Electronics (MDPI) N2 - Accomplishing multi-level programming in resistive random access memory (RRAM) arrays with truly discrete and linearly spaced conductive levels is crucial in order to implement synaptic weights in hardware-based neuromorphic systems. In this paper, we implemented this feature on 4-kbit 1T1R RRAM arrays by tuning the programming parameters of the multi-level incremental step pulse with verify algorithm (M-ISPVA). The optimized set of parameters was assessed by comparing its results with a non-optimized one. The optimized set of parameters proved to be an effective way to define non-overlapped conductive levels due to the strong reduction of the device-to-device variability as well as of the cycle-to-cycle variability, assessed by inter-levels switching tests and during 1k reset-set cycles. In order to evaluate this improvement in real scenarios, the experimental characteristics of the RRAM devices were captured by means of a behavioral model, which was used to simulate two different neuromorphic systems: an 8×8 vector-matrixmultiplication (VMM) accelerator and a 4-layer feedforward neural network for MNIST database recognition. The results clearly showed that the optimization of the programming parameters improved both the precision of VMM results as well as the recognition accuracy of the neural network in about 6% compared with the use of non-optimized parameters. KW - RRAM KW - Multilevel switching KW - In-memory computing Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10091084 SN - 2079-9292 VL - 10 IS - 9 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Perez, Eduardo A1 - Mahadevaiah, Mamathamba Kalishettyhalli A1 - Perez-Bosch Quesada, Emilio A1 - Wenger, Christian T1 - Variability and Energy Consumption Tradeoffs in Multilevel Programming of RRAM Arrays T2 - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices N2 - Achieving a reliable multi-level programming operation in resistive random access memory (RRAM) arrays is still a challenging task. In this work, we assessed the impact of the voltage step value used by the programming algorithm on the device-to-device (DTD) variability of the current distributions of four conductive levels and on the energy consumption featured by programming 4-kbit HfO2-based RRAM arrays. Two different write-verify algorithms were considered and compared, namely, the incremental gate voltage with verify algorithm (IGVVA) and the incremental step pulse with verify algorithm (ISPVA). By using the IGVVA, a main trade-off has to be taken into account since reducing the voltage step leads to a smaller DTD variability at the cost of a strong increase in the energy consumption. Although the ISPVA can not reduce the DTD variability as much as the IGVVA, its voltage step can be decreased in order to reduce the energy consumption with almost no impact on the DTD variability. Therefore, the final decision on which algorithm to employ should be based on the specific application targeted for the RRAM array. KW - RRAM KW - Multilevel switching KW - HfO2 Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/TED.2021.3072868 SN - 0018-9383 SN - 1557-9646 VL - 68 IS - 6 SP - 2693 EP - 2698 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Romero-Zaliz, Rocío A1 - Perez, Eduardo A1 - Jimenez-Molinos, Francisco A1 - Wenger, Christian A1 - Roldan, Juan Bautista T1 - Influence of variability on the performance of HfO2 memristor-based convolutional neural networks T2 - Solid State Electronics N2 - A study of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) was performed to analyze the influence of quantization and variability in the network synaptic weights. Different CNNs were considered accounting for the number of convolutional layers, size of the filters in the convolutional layer, number of neurons in the final network layers and different sets of quantization levels. The conductance levels of fabricated 1T1R structures based on HfO2 memristors were considered as reference for four or eight level quantization processes at the inference stage of the CNNs, which were previous trained with the MNIST dataset. We also included the variability of the experimental conductance levels that was found to be Gaussian distributed and was correspondingly modeled for the synaptic weight implementation. KW - RRAM KW - neural network KW - HfO2 KW - memristive switching Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sse.2021.108064 SN - 0038-1101 VL - 185 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Dziallas, Giannino A1 - Fatemi, Adel A1 - Korndörfer, Falk A1 - Peczek, Anna A1 - Kissinger, Dietmar A1 - Zimmermann, Lars A1 - Malignaggi, Andrea A1 - Kahmen, Gerhard T1 - A Monolithically Integrated Optical Bandpass Receiver in 0.25μm SiGe BiCMOS Technology for Microwave-Photonic Applications T2 - 2020 IEEE Asian Solid-State Circuits Conference (A-SSCC), November 9-11, 2020 ONLINE Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-1-7281-8436-4 SN - 978-1-7281-8437-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/A-SSCC48613.2020.9336119 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Yun, Min Ju A1 - Lee, Doowon A1 - Kim, Sungho A1 - Wenger, Christian A1 - Kim, Hee-Dong T1 - A nonlinear resistive switching behaviors of Ni/HfO2/TiN memory structures for self-rectifying resistive switching memory T2 - Materials Characterization N2 - This work reports forming free/self-rectifying resistive switching characteristics and dependency of the top electrode (TE) of a crystalline HfO2-based resistive switching memory device. In the memory cells, nonlinear bipolar resistive switching characteristics, i.e., an asymmetric current-voltage curve like the Schottky diode, was observed. In addition, the device exhibits resistive switching behaviors without forming process, which makes it possible to switch the resistance state under ultra-low current levels of <10 nA. In addition, compared to the resistive switching of the proposed resistive switching memory devices with different TEs, the VSET was decreased when using TE with lower work function, and the height read margin was obtained in the sample with the Ni TE, covering over 56 × 56 arrays. Consequently, these results indicate that the interface control resistive switching properties in memory structures having the Schottky junction warrant the realization of selector-free resistive switching memory cells in a high-density crossbar array. KW - RRAM KW - resistive switching KW - HfO2 Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2021.111578 SN - 1044-5803 VL - 182 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Perez-Bosch Quesada, Emilio A1 - Perez, Eduardo A1 - Mahadevaiah, Mamathamba Kalishettyhalli A1 - Wenger, Christian T1 - Memristive-based in-memory computing: from device to large-scale CMOS integration T2 - Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering N2 - With the rapid emergence of in-memory computing systems based on memristive technology, the integration of such memory devices in large-scale architectures is one of the main aspects to tackle. In this work we present a study of HfO2-based memristive devices for their integration in large-scale CMOS systems, namely 200 mm wafers. The DC characteristics of single metal–insulator–metal devices are analyzed taking under consideration device-to-device variabilities and switching properties. Furthermore, the distribution of the leakage current levels in the pristine state of the samples are analyzed and correlated to the amount of formingless memristors found among the measured devices. Finally, the obtained results are fitted into a physic-based compact model that enables their integration into larger-scale simulation environments. KW - RRAM KW - memristive device KW - HfO2 Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4386/ac2cd4 SN - 2634-4386 VL - 1 IS - 2 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Romero-Zaliz, Rocio A1 - Cantudo, Antonio A1 - Perez, Eduardo A1 - Jimenez-Molinos, Francisco A1 - Wenger, Christian A1 - Roldan, Juan Bautista T1 - An Analysis on the Architecture and the Size of Quantized Hardware Neural Networks Based on Memristors T2 - Electronics (MDPI) N2 - We have performed different simulation experiments in relation to hardware neural networks (NN) to analyze the role of the number of synapses for different NN architectures in the network accuracy, considering different datasets. A technology that stands upon 4-kbit 1T1R ReRAM arrays, where resistive switching devices based on HfO2 dielectrics are employed, is taken as a reference. In our study, fully dense (FdNN) and convolutional neural networks (CNN) were considered, where the NN size in terms of the number of synapses and of hidden layer neurons were varied. CNNs work better when the number of synapses to be used is limited. If quantized synaptic weights are included, we observed thatNNaccuracy decreases significantly as the number of synapses is reduced; in this respect, a trade-off between the number of synapses and the NN accuracy has to be achieved. Consequently, the CNN architecture must be carefully designed; in particular, it was noticed that different datasets need specific architectures according to their complexity to achieve good results. It was shown that due to the number of variables that can be changed in the optimization of a NN hardware implementation, a specific solution has to be worked in each case in terms of synaptic weight levels, NN architecture, etc. KW - RRAM KW - memristive device KW - neural network Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10243141 SN - 2079-9292 VL - 10 IS - 24 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bischoff, Carl A1 - Leise, Jakob A1 - Perez-Bosch Quesada, Emilio A1 - Perez, Eduardo A1 - Wenger, Christian A1 - Kloes, Alexander T1 - Implementation of device-to-device and cycle-to-cycle variability of memristive devices in circuit simulations T2 - Solid-State Electronics N2 - We present a statistical procedure for the extraction of parameters of a compact model for memristive devices. Thereby, in a circuit simulation the typical fluctuations of the current–voltage (I-V) characteristics from device-to-device (D2D) and from cycle-to-cycle (C2C) can be emulated. The approach is based on the Stanford model whose parameters play a key role to integrating D2D and C2C dispersion. The influence of such variabilities over the model’s parameters is investigated by using a fitting algorithm fed with experimental data. After this, the statistical distributions of the parameters are used in a Monte Carlo simulation to reproduce the I-V D2D and C2C dispersions which show a good agreement to the measured curves. The results allow the simulation of the on/off current variation for the design of RRAM cells or memristor-based artificial neural networks. KW - RRAM KW - circuit simulation KW - HfO2 Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sse.2022.108321 SN - 0038-1101 VL - 194 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mannocci, Piergiulio A1 - Baroni, Andrea A1 - Melacarne, Enrico A1 - Zambelli, Cristian A1 - Olivo, Piero A1 - Perez, Eduardo A1 - Wenger, Christian A1 - Ielmini, Daniele T1 - In-Memory Principal Component Analysis by Crosspoint Array of Rresistive Switching Memory T2 - IEEE Nanotechnology Magazine N2 - In Memory Computing (IMC) is one of the most promising candidates for data-intensive computing accelerators of machine learning (ML). A key ML algorithm for dimensionality reduction and classification is principal component analysis (PCA), which heavily relies on matrixvector multiplications (MVM) for which classic von Neumann architectures are not optimized. Here, we provide the experimental demonstration of a new IMCbased PCA algorithm based on power iteration and deflation executed in a 4-kbit array of resistive switching random-access memory (RRAM). The classification accuracy of the Wisconsin Breast Cancer data set reaches 95.43%, close to floatingpoint implementation. Our simulations indicate a 250× improvement in energy efficiency compared to commercial GPUs, thus supporting IMC for energy-efficient ML in modern data-intensive computing. KW - RRAM KW - Multilevel switching KW - neural network Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/MNANO.2022.3141515 SN - 1932-4510 VL - 16 IS - 2 SP - 4 EP - 13 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mahadevaiah, Mamathamba Kalishettyhalli A1 - Perez, Eduardo A1 - Lisker, Marco A1 - Schubert, Markus Andreas A1 - Perez-Bosch Quesada, Emilio A1 - Wenger, Christian A1 - Mai, Andreas T1 - Modulating the Filamentary-Based Resistive Switching Properties of HfO2 Memristive Devices by Adding Al2O3 Layers T2 - Electronics : open access journal N2 - The resistive switching properties of HfO2 based 1T-1R memristive devices are electrically modified by adding ultra-thin layers of Al2O3 into the memristive device. Three different types of memristive stacks are fabricated in the 130 nm CMOS technology of IHP. The switching properties of the memristive devices are discussed with respect to forming voltages, low resistance state and high resistance state characteristics and their variabilities. The experimental I–V characteristics of set and reset operations are evaluated by using the quantum point contact model. The properties of the conduction filament in the on and off states of the memristive devices are discussed with respect to the model parameters obtained from the QPC fit. KW - RRAM KW - HfO2 KW - filamentary switching Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11101540 SN - 2079-9292 VL - 11 IS - 10 ER -