TY - GEN A1 - Graff, Daniel A1 - Röhrig, Daniel A1 - Karnapke, Reinhardt T1 - Systemic Support of Transaction-Based Spatial-Temporal Programming of Mobile Robot Swarms T2 - Proceedings of the 40th Annual IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks LCN 2015, Clearwater Beach, Florida, USA N2 - In this paper, we present an approach to support transaction-based spatial-temporal programming of mobile robot swarms on a systemic level. We introduce a programming model for swarms of mobile robots. Swarm applications consist of concurrent, distributed and context-aware actions. We provide distributed transactions in order to guarantee atomic execution of a set of dependent actions. We distinguish between schedulability and executability of a set of actions. In order to guarantee exe- cutability of a distributed transaction of spatial-temporal actions, we present the concept of path alternatives and a time-based two- phase commit protocol in order to assure consistency. We show the feasibility of our approach by a proof-of-concept. Y1 - 2015 SP - 730 EP - 733 PB - IEEE ER - TY - GEN A1 - Karnapke, Reinhardt A1 - Krüger, Maik A1 - Nolte, Jörg T1 - In-network Processing and Collective Operations using the COCOS-Framework T2 - 12th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA, 25 - 28 Sept. 2007, University of Patras, Greece Y1 - 2007 SN - 978-1-4244-0826-9 SP - 1194 EP - 1201 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway, NJ ER - TY - GEN A1 - Karnapke, Reinhardt A1 - Krüger, Maik A1 - Nolte, Jörg T1 - Controlling Sensors and Actuators Collectively using the COCOS-Framework T2 - 1st ACM Workshop on Sensor Actor Networks, SANET 2007, held at MobiCom '07, September 9 - 14, 2007, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Y1 - 2007 SN - 978-1-60423-389-6 SP - 53 EP - 54 PB - Red Hook, NY CY - Curran ER - TY - GEN A1 - Karnapke, Reinhardt A1 - Lohs, Stefan A1 - Lagemann, Andreas A1 - Nolte, Jörg T1 - Simulation of Unidirectional Links in Wireless Sensor Networks T2 - Proceedings of the 7th International ICST Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques, SIMUTools '14 Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-1-63190-007-5 SP - 118 EP - 125 PB - ICST CY - Brüssel ER - TY - GEN A1 - Karnapke, Reinhardt A1 - Lohs, Stefan A1 - Nolte, Jörg ED - Kanjo, Eiman ED - Trossen, Dirk T1 - How to ruin Sensor Network Performance using Duplicate Suppression T2 - Sensor Systems and Software, 5th International Conference, S-CUBE 2014, Coventry, UK, October 6-7, 2014, Revised Selected Papers Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-319-17135-7 SN - 978-3-319-17136-4 SP - 20 EP - 29 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - GEN A1 - Karnapke, Reinhardt A1 - Nolte, Jörg T1 - Buckshot Routing with Distance Vectors in Three Application Scenarios for Wireless Sensor Networks with Unstable Network Topologies and Unidirectional Links T2 - Journal on Sensors and Transducers N2 - Experiments have shown that the number of asymmetric and unidirectional links often exceeds the number of bidirectional ones, especially in the transitional area of the communication range of wireless sensor nodes. Still, most of today’s routing protocols ignore their existence or try to remove their implications. Also, links are not stable over time, and routes become unusable often, resulting in a need for new routing protocols that can handle highly dynamic links and use unidirectional links to their advantage. At Sensorcomm 2014, we presented BuckshotDV, a routing protocol which is resilient against link fluctuations and uses the longer reach of unidirectional links to increase its performance. Furthermore, its distance vector nature makes it scalable for large sensor networks. This paper is an extended version which adds some implementation details and the evaluation of BuckshotDV in two more application scenarios. Y1 - 2015 SN - 1726-5479 SN - 2306-8515 VL - 185 IS - 2 SP - 53 EP - 67 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Karnapke, Reinhardt A1 - Nolte, Jörg T1 - Triangle Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks with Unidirectional Links Revisited - a Look at Different Scenarios T2 - International Journal on Advances in Networks and Services N2 - Experiments with wireless sensor networks have shown that links are often asymmetric or unidirectional. This represents a serious problem for many routing protocols, which often depend on bidirectional links. Routing protocols that can use unidirectional links often induce a high overhead. To overcome this problem we introduced Unidirectional Link Triangle Routing, a routing protocol, which uses neighborhood information, gathered actively or passively, to route around unidirectional links. In this paper, we describe Unidirectional Link Triangle Routing in further detail and present additional evaluation results from different application scenarios. Y1 - 2014 SN - 1942-2644 VL - 17 IS - 1/2 SP - 72 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Karnapke, Reinhardt A1 - Nolte, Jörg T1 - Unidirectional Link Triangle Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks T2 - SENSORCOMM 2013, The Seventh International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications, Barcelona, Spain N2 - Experiments with wireless sensor networks have shown that asymmetric and unidirectional links do not only exist, but are indeed quite common. Still, many people argue that the gain in connectivity is not worth the effort of making them usable for routing protocols. In this paper, we follow the opposite approach and introduce Unidirectional Link Triangle Routing, which reduces the overhead and, therefore, makes unidirectional links usable on the routing layer. Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-1-61208-296-7 SP - 7 EP - 14 PB - IARIA ER - TY - GEN A1 - Karnapke, Reinhardt A1 - Nolte, Jörg T1 - Unidirectional Link Counter - a Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks with Many Unidirectional Links T2 - 14th Annual Mediterranean Ad Hoc Networking Workshop (Med-Hoc-Net 2015), Vilamoura, Portugal, 17 - 18 June 2015 Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-1-4673-7306-7 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - GEN A1 - Karnapke, Reinhardt A1 - Nolte, Jörg T1 - COPRA - A COmmunication PRocessing Architecture for Wireless Sensor Networks T2 - Parallel processing, proceedings, 12th International Euro-Par Conference, Dresden, Germany, August 28 - September 1, 2006 Y1 - 2006 SP - 951 EP - 960 PB - Springer CY - Berlin [u.a.] ER - TY - GEN A1 - Karnapke, Reinhardt A1 - Nolte, Jörg T1 - BuckshotDV - A robust Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks with unstable Network Topologies and Unidirectional Links T2 - SENSORCOMM 2014, The Eighth International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications, Lisbon, Portugal N2 - Experiments have shown that the number of asym- metric and unidirectional links often exceeds the number of bidirectional ones, especially in the transitional area of the communication range of wireless sensor nodes. Still, most of today’s routing protocols ignore their existence or try to remove their implications. Also, links are not stable over time, and routes become unusable often, resulting in a need for new routing protocols that can handle highly dynamic links and use unidirectional links to their advantage. In this paper, we present BuckshotDV, a routing protocol which is resilient against link fluctuations and uses the longer reach of unidirectional links to increase its performance. Furthermore, its distance vector nature makes it scalable for large sensor networks. Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-1-61208-374-2 SP - 60 EP - 65 PB - IARIA ER - TY - GEN A1 - Karnapke, Reinhardt A1 - Nolte, Jörg A1 - Mank, Stephan T1 - An Adaptive TDMA based MAC Protocol for Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks T2 - International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications, SENSORCOMM 2007, Valencia, Spain, October 14 - 20 Y1 - 2007 SN - 978-0-7695-2988-2 SP - 62 EP - 69 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway, NJ ER - TY - GEN A1 - Karnapke, Reinhardt A1 - Nolte, Jörg A1 - Senner, Tobias T1 - A Combined Routing Layer for Wireless Sensor Networks and Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks T2 - The Second International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications (SENSORCOMM 2008), 25 - 31 August 2008, Cap Esterel, France Y1 - 2008 SN - 978-0-7695-3330-8 SP - 147 EP - 153 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway, NJ ER - TY - GEN A1 - Karnapke, Reinhardt A1 - Nolte, Jörg A1 - Walther, Karsten T1 - An Existing Complete House control System Based on the REFLEX Operating System: Implementation an Experiences over a Period of 4 Years T2 - 13th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA 2008, Hamburg, Germany Y1 - 2008 SN - 978-1-4244-1506-9 SP - 40 EP - 45 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway, NJ ER - TY - GEN A1 - Karnapke, Reinhardt A1 - Nolte, Jörg A1 - Walther, Karsten A1 - Sieber, André T1 - Using Preemption in Event Driven Systems with a Single Stack T2 - The Second International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications (SENSORCOMM 2008), 25 - 31 August 2008, Cap Esterel, France Y1 - 2008 SN - 978-0-7695-3330-8 SP - 384 EP - 390 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway, NJ ER - TY - GEN A1 - Karnapke, Reinhardt A1 - Walther, Karsten ED - Paiva, Sara T1 - Realizing Seamless Integration of Sensors and Actuators into the IoT T2 - Science and Technologies for Smart Cities : 7th EAI International Conference, SmartCity360°, Virtual Event, December 2-4, 2021, Proceedings Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-031-06370-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06371-8_44 SN - 978-3-031-06371-8 SN - 1867-8211 SN - 1867-822X SP - 688 EP - 701 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - GEN A1 - Karnapke, Reinhardt A1 - Walther, Karsten ED - Piotrowski, Krzysztof T1 - Internet of Things and Real Internet of Things T2 - 20. GI/ITG KuVS Fachgespräch Sensornetze (FGSN 2023) N2 - Sensor networks have come a long way since their first inception 30 years ago. In this paper we look at the results achieved and the areas that still need research from an industry perspective. KW - wireless sensor networks, industrial control Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-66374 SP - 2 EP - 4 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lohs, Stefan A1 - Karnapke, Reinhardt A1 - Nolte, Jörg T1 - ToleranceZone - A Self-Stabilizing Middleware for Wireless Sensor Networks Y1 - 2013 UR - http://ewsn13.intec.ugent.be/content/posters N1 - EWSN 2013, 10th European Conference on Wireless Sensor Networks, Ghent, February 13-15, 2013 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lohs, Stefan A1 - Karnapke, Reinhardt A1 - Nolte, Jörg T1 - Link stability in a wireless sensor network - an experimental study T2 - Sensor systems and software, third international ICST conference, revised selected papers, Lisbon, Portugal, June 4 - 5, 2012 KW - wireless sensor networks, link stability, unidirectional links Y1 - 2012 SN - 978-3-642-32777-3 SP - 146 EP - 163 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg [u.a.] ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lohs, Stefan A1 - Karnapke, Reinhardt A1 - Nolte, Jörg A1 - Lagemann, Andreas T1 - Self-stabilizing Sensor Networks for Emergency Management T2 - Second Workshop on Pervasive Networks for Emergency Management, Lugano, Switzerland, March 2012 KW - Wireless Sensor Networks KW - Fault Tolerance KW - Selfstabilization Y1 - 2012 SN - 978-1-4673-0905-9 SN - 978-1-4673-0906-6 SP - 721 EP - 726 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway, NJ ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mank, Stephan A1 - Karnapke, Reinhardt A1 - Nolte, Jörg T1 - MLMAC - An Adaptive TDMA MAC Protocol for Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mank, Stephan A1 - Karnapke, Reinhardt A1 - Nolte, Jörg T1 - MLMAC-UL and ECTS-MAC - Two MAC Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks with Unidirectional Links T2 - Third International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications, 2009, SENSORCOMM '09 ; 18 - 23 June 2009, Athens/Glyfada, Greece Y1 - 2009 SN - 978-0-7695-3669-9 SP - 623 EP - 629 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway, NJ ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mank, Stephan A1 - Karnapke, Reinhardt A1 - Nolte, Jörg T1 - MAC Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks: Tackling the Problem of Unidirectional Links T2 - International journal on advances in networks and services Y1 - 2009 SN - 1942-2644 VL - 2 IS - 4 SP - 218 EP - 229 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Menzel, Hannes A1 - Karnapke, Reinhardt A1 - Büchner, Steffen A1 - Nolte, Jörg T1 - Applying Wireless Sensor Networks to Renaturation Monitoring: From Requirements to Deployment T2 - IFIP Wireless Days (WD) 2014, Rio/Brasil KW - Wireless Sensor Networks KW - Chicken Creek KW - Sens4U Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/WD.2014.7020825 PB - IEEE ER - TY - GEN A1 - Nürnberger, Stefan A1 - Karnapke, Reinhardt A1 - Nolte, Jörg T1 - Sensorium - An Active Monitoring System for Neighborhood Relations in Wireless Sensor Networks T2 - Ad hoc networks, second international conference, revised selected papers, ADHOCNETS 2010, Victoria, BC, Canada, August 18 - 20, 2010 Y1 - 2010 SN - 978-3-642-17993-8 SP - 34 EP - 48 PB - Springer CY - Berlin [u.a.] ER - TY - GEN A1 - Peters, David A1 - Karnapke, Reinhardt A1 - Nolte, Jörg ED - Zheng, Jun T1 - Buckshot Routing - A Robust Source Routing Protocol for Dense Ad-Hoc Networks T2 - Ad hoc networks, First International Conference, ADHOCNETS 2009, Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada, September 22-25, 2009 Y1 - 2009 SN - 978-3-642-11722-0 SP - 268 EP - 283 PB - Springer CY - Berlin [u.a.] ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sieber, André A1 - Karnapke, Reinhardt A1 - Nolte, Jörg T1 - From Energy Accounting to Energy Management T2 - 13. GI/ITG Fachgespräch Sensornetze, 25. und 26. September 2014 an der Universität Potsdam N2 - Embedded systems, e.g. nodes within sensor networks, often have tight bound goals for lifetime while running from a not renewable energy source. Mostly batteries are used, which are vulnerable to temperature and non-linear effects. Additionally, variations within the hardware or induced by the software make the prediction of the available and consumed energy a complicated task. To reach certain lifetime goals under these influences, online energy management is necessary. For a fine-grained management on the level of individual sub-tasks, it is necessary to know where in the system the energy is consumed. In this work, we extend our online energy accounting approach to enable online energy management. We present ways to control application and device behavior, and, thus, energy using energy budgets. First experiments yield promising results, reaching their lifetime goals while maintaining a high application quality. KW - Energy accounting KW - Energy management KW - Wireless sensor networks Y1 - 2014 SP - 25 EP - 28 PB - Universität CY - Potsdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sieber, André A1 - Karnapke, Reinhardt A1 - Nolte, Jörg A1 - Martschei, Thomas T1 - Using Sensor Technology to Protect an Endangered Species: A Case Study T2 - 2011 IEEE 36th Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN), Bonn, Germany, 4 - 7 October 2011, vol. 2 Y1 - 2011 SN - 978-1-61284-926-3 SP - 1044 EP - 1047 PB - IEEE ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sieber, André A1 - Nolte, Jörg A1 - Karnapke, Reinhardt T1 - Compensating Dynamic Effects with Budget-based Energy Management to Reach Lifetime Goals T2 - Sensors & Transducers N2 - Nodes within sensor networks often have tight bound goals for the lifetime while running from a non-renewable energy source. Variations within the hardware or induced by the software complicate the prediction of the energy consumption. Additionally, batteries are vulnerable to temperature and non-linear effects. To reach certain lifetime goals under these influences without sacrificing energy due to pessimistic estimations, online energy management is necessary. At Sensorcomm 2015 we presented policies to control the behavior of applications and devices using energy budgets. This paper is an extended version which adds further details and the evaluation of the proposed dynamic energy management in a real-world scenario. KW - Wireless Sensor Networks KW - Energy Management KW - Lifetime Goals Y1 - 2015 SN - 2306-8515 VL - 194 IS - 11 SP - 22 EP - 34 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sieber, André A1 - Nolte, Jörg A1 - Karnapke, Reinhardt T1 - Using Energy Budgets to Reach Lifetime Goals while Compensating Dynamic Effects T2 - SENSORCOMM 2015, The Ninth International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications, August 23-28, 2015 Venice, Italy N2 - Nodes within sensor networks often have tight bound goals for the lifetime while running from a non-renewable energy source. Variations within the hardware or induced by the software complicate the prediction of the energy consumption. Additionally, batteries are vulnerable to temperature and non-linear effects. To reach certain lifetime goals under these influences without sacrificing energy due to pessimistic estimations, online energy management is necessary. In this paper, we present policies to control the behavior of applications and devices using energy budgets. First experiments yield promising results, with nodes reaching their lifetime goals while maintaining a high application quality. KW - Wireless Sensor Networks KW - Energy Management KW - Lifetime Goals Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-1-61208-425-1 SP - 7 EP - 13 PB - IARIA ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sieber, André A1 - Walther, Karsten A1 - Karnapke, Reinhardt A1 - Lagemann, Andreas A1 - Nolte, Jörg ED - Ritter, Hartmut T1 - Implicit Sleep Mode Determination in Power Management of Event-driven Deeply Embedded Systems T2 - 7. GI-ITG-KuVS-Fachgespräch Drahtlose Sensornetze, am 25. und 26. September 2008 in Berlin Y1 - 2008 SP - 37 EP - 40 PB - Institut für Informatik CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Traue, Jana A1 - Karnapke, Reinhardt A1 - Nolte, Jörg T1 - From Parallel Systems to Wireless Sensor Networks and Back T2 - Technical Report SEEMOO-TR-2012-03, 11. Fachgespräch Sensornetze der GI/ITG Fachgruppe Kommunikation und Verteilte Systeme, 13.-14. September 2012, Technische Universität Darmstadt Y1 - 2012 UR - http://www.seemoo.tu-darmstadt.de/dl/seemoo/seemoo-tr-2012-03.pdf SP - 29 EP - 32 PB - Technische Universität CY - Darmstadt ER - TY - GEN A1 - Traue, Jana A1 - Nolte, Jörg A1 - Engel, Philipp A1 - Karnapke, Reinhardt T1 - Using Emulation Software to Predict the Performance of Algorithms on NVRAM T2 - Proceedings of the 7th International ICST Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques, SIMUTools '14 N2 - Currently, new storage technologies which unite the latency and byte-addressability of DRAM with the persistence of disks are being developed. This non-volatile memory (NVRAM) may start a software revolution. Traditionally, software was developed for two levels of storage and NVRAM reduces the hierarchy to a single-level store. Current research projects are already exploring the potential of NVRAM, but they face a challenge when they want to evaluate the performance: The new hardware is not yet available. In this paper, we discuss why benchmark results which are gained on existing DRAM are insufficient for a prediction of the performance on NVRAM. Either existing instructions have to be changed or new ones have to be introduced. We further show that the bochs emulator can be used to build systems which resemble NVRAM, to predict the NVRAM's consequences, and it even allows a comparison of algorithms for NVRAM. KW - Emulation KW - non-volatile memory Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-1-63190-007-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4108/icst.simutools.2014.254796 SP - 142 EP - 146 PB - ICST CY - Brüssel ER - TY - GEN A1 - Walther, Karsten A1 - Karnapke, Reinhardt A1 - Nolte, Jörg T1 - An Existing Complete House Control System based the REFLEX Operating System: Implementation and Experiences over 4 Years T2 - 2008 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation, ETFA 2008, Hamburg, Germany, 15 - 18 September 2008 Y1 - 2008 SN - 978-1-424-41505-2 SP - 40 EP - 45 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway, NJ ER -