TY - GEN A1 - Karnapke, Reinhardt A1 - Walther, Karsten ED - Piotrowski, Krzysztof T1 - Internet of Things and Real Internet of Things T2 - 20. GI/ITG KuVS Fachgespräch Sensornetze (FGSN 2023) N2 - Sensor networks have come a long way since their first inception 30 years ago. In this paper we look at the results achieved and the areas that still need research from an industry perspective. KW - wireless sensor networks, industrial control Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-66374 SP - 2 EP - 4 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Chatharajupalli, Navya Sneha A1 - Rotta, Randolf A1 - Karnapke, Reinhardt A1 - Nolte, Jörg T1 - Assessing the Feasibility of Combined BLE and Wi-Fi Communication for High Data Sensing Applications T2 - EWSN '23: Proceedings of the 2023 International Conference on Embedded Wireless Systems and Networks N2 - Advanced sensors generate more data than can be transmitted using classic battery-powered wireless sensor networks. While using Wi-Fi would provide plenty of throughput, the receivers are energy hungry and, thus, the radio time needs to be reduced. Previous research suggests to combine Wi-Fi with low-power technologies such as BLE for an energy efficient coordination of the Wi-Fi radios. Existing approaches focus on individual point-to-point routes whereas certain applications require concurrent transmissions. We evaluated the combination of BLE and Wi-Fi on the ESP32-S3 multi-radio microcontroller through detailed energy and throughput measurements. The results show that established BLE connections allow to activateWi-Fi quickly on-demand; the energy efficiency of the data transmission is significantly improved over previous works but the BLE connection setup is prohibitively slow. While the combination of BLE and Wi-Fi provides high throughput with good energy efficiency, careful design of the BLE-based signalling protocol is necessary to also achieve low latency. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5555/3639940.3639948 SP - 56 EP - 59 PB - Association for Computing Machinery CY - New York ER - TY - GEN A1 - Karnapke, Reinhardt A1 - Walther, Karsten ED - Paiva, Sara T1 - Realizing Seamless Integration of Sensors and Actuators into the IoT T2 - Science and Technologies for Smart Cities : 7th EAI International Conference, SmartCity360°, Virtual Event, December 2-4, 2021, Proceedings Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-031-06370-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06371-8_44 SN - 978-3-031-06371-8 SN - 1867-8211 SN - 1867-822X SP - 688 EP - 701 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - GEN A1 - Graff, Daniel A1 - Karnapke, Reinhardt T1 - From Centralized Management of Robot Swarms to Decentralized Scheduling T2 - 2018 IEEE International Conference on Internet of Things and Intelligence System (IOTAIS) Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-1-5386-7358-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/IOTAIS.2018.8600917 SP - 141 EP - 147 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway, NJ ER - TY - GEN A1 - Graff, Daniel A1 - Karnapke, Reinhardt T1 - Managing Swarms of Robots: From Centralized Scheduling to Decentralized Scheduling (work in progress) T2 - 17. GI/ITG KuVS Fachgespräch Sensornetze, 13./14. September 2018, Braunschweig Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:084-2018110614244 SP - 23 EP - 26 PB - Technische Universität CY - Braunschweig ER - TY - GEN A1 - Busse, Anselm A1 - Karnapke, Reinhardt A1 - Parzyjegla, Helge T1 - Simulation-Based Tracing and Profiling for System Software Development T2 - Proceedings of the 10th ACM International Systems and Storage Conference, SYSTOR '17 Y1 - 2017 SN - 978-1-4503-5035-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1145/3078468.3078475 SP - 8:1 EP - 8:6 PB - ACM CY - New York, NY ER - TY - GEN A1 - Graff, Daniel A1 - Karnapke, Reinhardt T1 - Spatio-Temporal Coordination of Mobile Robot Swarms T2 - IEEE 41st Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN), Dubai, UAE, 7-10 Nov. 2016 Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-1-5090-2054-6 SP - 515 EP - 518 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - GEN A1 - Graff, Daniel A1 - Karnapke, Reinhardt T1 - The Swarm as a Service: Virtualization of Motion T2 - Eleventh IEEE International Workshop on Practical Issues in Building Sensor Network Applications (IEEE SenseApp 2016) Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-1-5090-2347-9 SP - 129 EP - 136 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - GEN A1 - Graff, Daniel A1 - Karnapke, Reinhardt T1 - Cyber-Physical Systems - Exemplary Applications and a Distributed Execution Platform T2 - 2016 IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Innovative Business Practices for the Transformation of Societies (EmergiTech 2016) Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-1-5090-0706-6 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - GEN A1 - Karnapke, Reinhardt A1 - Lohs, Stefan A1 - Nolte, Jörg ED - Kanjo, Eiman ED - Trossen, Dirk T1 - How to ruin Sensor Network Performance using Duplicate Suppression T2 - Sensor Systems and Software, 5th International Conference, S-CUBE 2014, Coventry, UK, October 6-7, 2014, Revised Selected Papers Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-319-17135-7 SN - 978-3-319-17136-4 SP - 20 EP - 29 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - GEN A1 - Beyer, Sandra A1 - Lohs, Stefan A1 - Nolte, Jörg A1 - Karnapke, Reinhardt A1 - Siegemund, Gerry T1 - Self-Stabilizing Structures for Data Gathering in Wireless Sensor Networks T2 - SENSORCOMM 2015, The Ninth International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications, August 23-28, 2015 Venice, Italy Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-1-61208-425-1 SP - 71 EP - 76 PB - IARIA ER - TY - GEN A1 - Büchner, Steffen A1 - Nolte, Jörg A1 - Kraemer, Rolf A1 - Lopacinski, Lukasz A1 - Karnapke, Reinhardt T1 - Challenges for 100 Gbit/s End to End Communication: Increasing Throughput Through Parallel Processing T2 - 40th Annual IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks, 2015, Clearwater Beach Florida N2 - Today's applications and services become more dependent on fast wireless communication, for the upcoming years data-rate demands of 100Gbit/s can be easily expected. However, fulfilling that demand is a task which cannot simply be solved by upscaling existing technologies. While most of the research tackles the challenges regarding the transmission technology from the physical layer up to base-band processing, we focus on the challenges concerning the handling of that vast amount of data. The overall goal is to bring together the transmission technology with the operating system to create a suitable end-to-end communication solution. In this paper we argue that communication can be understood as a soft-realtime problem and how that helps introducing parallelism into protocol-processing. KW - End2End100, ultra high speed wireless communication, soft real time stream processing Y1 - 2015 UR - http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=7366337&tag=1 SN - 978-1-4673-6770-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/LCN.2015.7366337 SP - 398 EP - 401 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway, NJ ER - TY - GEN A1 - Karnapke, Reinhardt A1 - Nolte, Jörg T1 - Buckshot Routing with Distance Vectors in Three Application Scenarios for Wireless Sensor Networks with Unstable Network Topologies and Unidirectional Links T2 - Journal on Sensors and Transducers N2 - Experiments have shown that the number of asymmetric and unidirectional links often exceeds the number of bidirectional ones, especially in the transitional area of the communication range of wireless sensor nodes. Still, most of today’s routing protocols ignore their existence or try to remove their implications. Also, links are not stable over time, and routes become unusable often, resulting in a need for new routing protocols that can handle highly dynamic links and use unidirectional links to their advantage. At Sensorcomm 2014, we presented BuckshotDV, a routing protocol which is resilient against link fluctuations and uses the longer reach of unidirectional links to increase its performance. Furthermore, its distance vector nature makes it scalable for large sensor networks. This paper is an extended version which adds some implementation details and the evaluation of BuckshotDV in two more application scenarios. Y1 - 2015 SN - 1726-5479 SN - 2306-8515 VL - 185 IS - 2 SP - 53 EP - 67 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Busse, Anselm A1 - Karnapke, Reinhardt A1 - Heiss, Hans-Ulrich T1 - CoBaS: Introducing a Component Based Scheduling Framework T2 - 6th Workshop on Applications for Multi-Core Architectures October 18-21, 2015, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil Y1 - 2015 SP - 79 EP - 84 PB - IEEE ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sieber, André A1 - Nolte, Jörg A1 - Karnapke, Reinhardt T1 - Compensating Dynamic Effects with Budget-based Energy Management to Reach Lifetime Goals T2 - Sensors & Transducers N2 - Nodes within sensor networks often have tight bound goals for the lifetime while running from a non-renewable energy source. Variations within the hardware or induced by the software complicate the prediction of the energy consumption. Additionally, batteries are vulnerable to temperature and non-linear effects. To reach certain lifetime goals under these influences without sacrificing energy due to pessimistic estimations, online energy management is necessary. At Sensorcomm 2015 we presented policies to control the behavior of applications and devices using energy budgets. This paper is an extended version which adds further details and the evaluation of the proposed dynamic energy management in a real-world scenario. KW - Wireless Sensor Networks KW - Energy Management KW - Lifetime Goals Y1 - 2015 SN - 2306-8515 VL - 194 IS - 11 SP - 22 EP - 34 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Karnapke, Reinhardt A1 - Nolte, Jörg T1 - Unidirectional Link Counter - a Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks with Many Unidirectional Links T2 - 14th Annual Mediterranean Ad Hoc Networking Workshop (Med-Hoc-Net 2015), Vilamoura, Portugal, 17 - 18 June 2015 Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-1-4673-7306-7 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - GEN A1 - Graff, Daniel A1 - Röhrig, Daniel A1 - Karnapke, Reinhardt T1 - Systemic Support of Transaction-Based Spatial-Temporal Programming of Mobile Robot Swarms T2 - Proceedings of the 40th Annual IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks LCN 2015, Clearwater Beach, Florida, USA N2 - In this paper, we present an approach to support transaction-based spatial-temporal programming of mobile robot swarms on a systemic level. We introduce a programming model for swarms of mobile robots. Swarm applications consist of concurrent, distributed and context-aware actions. We provide distributed transactions in order to guarantee atomic execution of a set of dependent actions. We distinguish between schedulability and executability of a set of actions. In order to guarantee exe- cutability of a distributed transaction of spatial-temporal actions, we present the concept of path alternatives and a time-based two- phase commit protocol in order to assure consistency. We show the feasibility of our approach by a proof-of-concept. Y1 - 2015 SP - 730 EP - 733 PB - IEEE ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sieber, André A1 - Nolte, Jörg A1 - Karnapke, Reinhardt T1 - Using Energy Budgets to Reach Lifetime Goals while Compensating Dynamic Effects T2 - SENSORCOMM 2015, The Ninth International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications, August 23-28, 2015 Venice, Italy N2 - Nodes within sensor networks often have tight bound goals for the lifetime while running from a non-renewable energy source. Variations within the hardware or induced by the software complicate the prediction of the energy consumption. Additionally, batteries are vulnerable to temperature and non-linear effects. To reach certain lifetime goals under these influences without sacrificing energy due to pessimistic estimations, online energy management is necessary. In this paper, we present policies to control the behavior of applications and devices using energy budgets. First experiments yield promising results, with nodes reaching their lifetime goals while maintaining a high application quality. KW - Wireless Sensor Networks KW - Energy Management KW - Lifetime Goals Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-1-61208-425-1 SP - 7 EP - 13 PB - IARIA ER - TY - GEN A1 - Graff, Daniel A1 - Karnapke, Reinhardt T1 - On the Need of Systemic Support for Spatio-Temporal Programming of Mobile Robot Swarms T2 - 11th International Conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Networks, (MSN 2015), 16-18 December 2015, Shenzhen, China Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-1-5090-0329-7 SP - 227 EP - 235 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway, NJ ER - TY - GEN A1 - Traue, Jana A1 - Nolte, Jörg A1 - Engel, Philipp A1 - Karnapke, Reinhardt T1 - Using Emulation Software to Predict the Performance of Algorithms on NVRAM T2 - Proceedings of the 7th International ICST Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques, SIMUTools '14 N2 - Currently, new storage technologies which unite the latency and byte-addressability of DRAM with the persistence of disks are being developed. This non-volatile memory (NVRAM) may start a software revolution. Traditionally, software was developed for two levels of storage and NVRAM reduces the hierarchy to a single-level store. Current research projects are already exploring the potential of NVRAM, but they face a challenge when they want to evaluate the performance: The new hardware is not yet available. In this paper, we discuss why benchmark results which are gained on existing DRAM are insufficient for a prediction of the performance on NVRAM. Either existing instructions have to be changed or new ones have to be introduced. We further show that the bochs emulator can be used to build systems which resemble NVRAM, to predict the NVRAM's consequences, and it even allows a comparison of algorithms for NVRAM. KW - Emulation KW - non-volatile memory Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-1-63190-007-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4108/icst.simutools.2014.254796 SP - 142 EP - 146 PB - ICST CY - Brüssel ER -