TY - GEN A1 - Pan, Mengguan A1 - Liu, Shengheng A1 - Liu, Peng A1 - Qi, Wangdong A1 - Huang, Yongming A1 - Zheng, Wang A1 - Wu, Qihui A1 - Gardill, Markus T1 - In Situ Calibration of Antenna Arrays for Positioning With 5G Networks T2 - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2023.3256532 SN - 0018-9480 SN - 1557-9670 VL - 71 IS - 10 SP - 4600 EP - 4613 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Pearson, Dominik A1 - Scharnagl, Julian A1 - Schilling, Klaus A1 - Gardill, Markus T1 - Inter-Satellite Phase and Frequency Synchronization for Software-Defined CubeSat Radio Subsystems T2 - 2023 IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium : IMS : 11-16 June 2023, San Diego, California, USA Y1 - 2023 SN - 979-8-3503-4764-7 SN - 979-8-3503-4765-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/IMS37964.2023.10188146 SN - 2576-7216 SN - 0149-645X SP - 287 EP - 290 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway, NJ ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schmidt, Marco A1 - Gardill, Markus A1 - Dietl, Guido T1 - Development of a new communication payload for the educational small satellite project UWE T2 - IAC 2023 congress proceedings, 74th International Astronautical Congress (IAC), October 2-6, 2023, Baku, Azerbaijan Y1 - 2023 UR - https://iafastro.directory/iac/paper/id/77343/summary/ ER - TY - GEN A1 - Alimov, Artem A1 - Härtel, Sebastian A1 - Buhl, Johannes A1 - Gardill, Markus A1 - Knaack, Marcus T1 - Erfassung von Pressen­ver­formungen mit Radarsensoren T2 - wt Werkstattstechnik Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2023-10-47 SN - 1436-4980 SN - 1436-5006 VL - 113 IS - 10 SP - 425 EP - 431 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gardill, Markus A1 - Valenta, Václav A1 - Prasad, Srinivas A1 - Quevedo-Teruel, Oscar A1 - Ettorre, Mauro A1 - Sauleau, Ronan T1 - MTT-S Technical Committee Report: TC-29 on Aerospace Microwave Systems [MGA News] T2 - IEEE Microwave Magazine N2 - Provides society information that may include news, reviews or technical notes that should be of interest to practitioners and researchers. Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/MMM.2024.3522144 SN - 1527-3342 SN - 1557-9581 VL - 26 IS - 4 SP - 95 EP - 99 PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kahlert, Moritz A1 - Pan, Jinwen A1 - Fei, Tai A1 - Tebruegge, Claas A1 - Gardill, Markus T1 - A Modular Ray Tracing-Based Framework for Automotive Radar Waveform Evaluation T2 - IEEE Topical Conference on Wireless Sensors and Sensor Networks (WiSNeT), 19-22 January 2025, San Juan, PR, USA N2 - Frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) is the dominant waveform scheme in modern automotive radar systems used in advanced driver assistance systems (ADASs). Nevertheless, the digital modulation scheme phase-modulated continuous wave (PMCW) has recently attracted considerable interest due to advantages such as high maximum unambiguous velocities. However, there remains a need for more thorough performance assessments comparing these waveforms in dynamic automotive scenarios. This work presents a flexible framework comprising a ray-tracing simulator and radar models for efficient automotive scenario generation and radar simulation. Using this framework, the performance of FMCW and PMCW radar systems is assessed in a typical automotive scenario. The evaluation demonstrates that the PMCW radar system exhibits superior performance in terms of target detectability in the given scenario. Y1 - 2025 SN - 979-8-3315-0733-6 SN - 979-8-3315-0732-9 SN - 979-8-3315-0734-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/WiSNeT63956.2025.10905020 SN - 2473-4624 SN - 2330-7900 SP - 24 EP - 27 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Stöckl, Florian A1 - Müller, Silvan A1 - Strand, Marcus A1 - Gardill, Markus T1 - Design and evaluation of a low-cost mount for attaching a laser tracker’s SMR to a robot flange T2 - Sensors N2 - Robot calibration and modelling measurements are commonly performed using a laser tracker. To capture three-dimensional positions, a SMR is attached to the robot. While some researchers employ adhesive bonds for this purpose, such methods often result in inaccurate, unstable and non-repeatable SMR positioning, adversely affecting measurement precision and the traceability of research outcomes. To address these challenges, we investigated alternative methods for attaching an SMR to a robot’s flange to achieve both accuracy and repeatability. Additionally, we analysed measurement errors introduced when using a tool to attach the SMR to the flange. As a solution, we developed a 3D-printed mount designed for attachment to the flange. The mount’s accuracy was evaluated by assessing its eccentricity and the repeatability of the SMR placement. Experimental results demonstrated that the mount achieved an eccentricity radius of 0.35 mm and repeatability inaccuracies of 𝑋=0.075mm, 𝑌=0.328mm, and 𝑍=0.485mm. These values indicate that the mount provides sufficient accuracy to support calibration processes, ensures research traceability, and serves as a viable replacement for adhesive bonds. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/s25010184 VL - 25 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 18 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Liu, Shengheng A1 - Mao, Zihuan A1 - Liu, Yiran A1 - Fei, Tai A1 - Gardill, Markus A1 - Huang, Yongming T1 - TRANM: Decoherenced DoA Estimation for Automotive Radar Using Generalized Sparse Arrays T2 - Signal Processing N2 - This paper tackles the challenge of coherent single-snapshot direction-of-arrival estimation in automotive linear frequency modulated continuous wave (LFMCW) radar using a generalized sparse array. By leveraging atomic-norm minimization (ANM)-based interpolation and Toeplitz rearrangement, a TRANM framework is proposed to address the rank-deficiency issue in the range-Doppler domain. To further enhance computational efficiency, we re-formulate the TRANM problem into an equivalent optimization with reduced dimensionality. The problem is then solved using the alternating direction method of multipliers, which provides an optimal solution via an iterative process. Numerical simulations validate that the proposed approach can accurately resolve coherent signals with improved degrees of freedom and achieve super-resolution, all while maintaining a low computational cost. Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sigpro.2025.109895 VL - 231 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kahlert, Moritz A1 - Fei, Tai A1 - Tebruegge, Claas A1 - Gardill, Markus T1 - Stepped-frequency PMCW waveforms for automotive radar applications T2 - IEEE Transactions on Radar Systems N2 - Digitally modulated radar systems, such as phase-modulated continuous-wave (PMCW), often struggle with high bandwidth demands for fine-range resolutions, posing challenges for cost-effective automotive applications. To address this issue, we propose an stepped-frequency PMCW (SF-PMCW) radar waveform in which the instantaneous bandwidth of a single pulse is extensively reduced while the range resolution is beyond the theoretical limit imposed by the instantaneous bandwidth. The proposed waveform spans a synthetic bandwidth across multiple pulses, achieving range estimates comparable to those typically achieved with higher instantaneous bandwidths. Simultaneously, the requirements for analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) are relaxed. Simulations have been performed to demonstrate the performance. The results indicate that the proposed SF-PMCW waveform with an instantaneous bandwidth of 100 MHz can achieve range estimates as good as a PMCW waveform with an instantaneous bandwidth of 1 GHz. Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/TRS.2025.3528773 SN - 2832-7357 VL - 3 SP - 233 EP - 245 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kahlert, Moritz A1 - Fei, Tai A1 - Wang, Yuming A1 - Tebruegge, Claas A1 - Gardill, Markus ED - Koukiou, Georgia T1 - Unified model and survey on modulation schemes for next-generation automotive radar systems T2 - Remote sensing N2 - Commercial automotive radar systems for advanced driver assistance systems (ADASs) have relied on frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) waveforms for years due to their low-cost hardware, simple signal processing, and established academic and industrial expertise. However, FMCW systems face several challenges, including limited unambiguous velocity, restricted multiplexing of transmit signals, and susceptibility to interference. This work introduces a unified automotive radar signal model and reviews the alternative modulation schemes such as phase-coded frequency-modulated continuous wave (PC-FMCW), phase-modulated continuous wave (PMCW), orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM), orthogonal chirp division multiplexing (OCDM), and orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS). These schemes are assessed against key technological and economic criteria and compared with FMCW, highlighting their respective strengths and limitations. KW - Automotive radar KW - Frequency-modulated continuous wave KW - Orthogonal chirp-division multiplexing KW - Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing KW - Orthogonal time frequency space KW - Phase-coded frequency-modulated continuous wave KW - Phase-modulated continuous wave Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17081355 SN - 2072-4292 VL - 17 IS - 8 SP - 1 EP - 43 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jiang, Yuyao A1 - Knaack, Marcus A1 - Martin, Clas Aljoscha A1 - Tost, Frank A1 - Alimov, Artem A1 - Härtel, Sebastian A1 - Gardill, Markus T1 - A 120 GHz industrial radar sensor network for condition monitoring of a forging process T2 - IEEE sensors journal N2 - Current trends in forging technology emphasize increased automation and a rising demand for high-precision components. Among the key factors influencing the forging quality are process parameters, which also serve as indispensable inputs for data-driven modeling. This necessitates the establishment of a stable and robust sensor network to enable high-quality process monitoring. This study investigates the implementation of a heterogeneous sensor network within an energy-bound forging press, integrating industrial 120 GHz radar sensors for comprehensive data collection. A complete radar signal processing chain is developed, encompassing signal acquisition, pre-processing, and state estimation of the press ram. The validation against conventional reference sensors confirms the reliability and accuracy of the radar-based measurements. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the radar employment in the complex forging environment. KW - Sensor network KW - FMCW radar KW - Kalman filter KW - Process parameter KW - Condition monitoring KW - Hot forging Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3636060 SN - 1558-1748 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway, NJ ER -