TY - CHAP A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Hagedorn, Frank A1 - Zönnchen, Claudia A1 - Gülland, Kathi ED - Hüttl, Reinhard F. ED - Kögel-Knabner, Ingrid ED - Schulin, Rainer ED - Gerwin, Werner T1 - Project A2 – Interactions between soil solution and mineral surfaces: significance for initial element cycling T2 - Structures and processes of the initial ecosystem development phase in an artificial water catchment (Final report CRC/TR 38) Y1 - 2013 SP - 11 EP - 24 PB - BTU, Forschungszentrum Landschaftsentwicklung und Bergbaulandschaften (FZLB) CY - Cottbus ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Quinkenstein, Ansgar A1 - Böhm, Christian A1 - Freese, Dirk ED - Krümmelbein, Julia ED - Raab, Thomas ED - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Einsatz einer Bodenfräse zur Umwandlung einer Robinien-Kurzumtriebsplantage in Ackerland T2 - Energieholzproduktion und bodenphysikalische Untersuchungen auf Rekultivierungsflächen des Niederlausitzer Braunkohlereviers KW - Kurzumtriebsplantage Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-3-937728-12-4 SP - 103 EP - 109 PB - BTU CY - Cottbus ER - TY - GEN A1 - Risse-Buhl, Ute A1 - Hagedorn, Frank A1 - Dümig, Alexander A1 - Gessner, Mark O. A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Nii-Annang, Seth A1 - Gerull, Linda A1 - Mutz, Michael T1 - Dynamics, chemical properties and bioavailability of DOC in an early successional catchment T2 - Biogeosciences Discussion KW - DOC KW - bioavailability Y1 - 2013 SN - 1810-6285 VL - 10 IS - 1 SP - 1011 EP - 1049 ER - TY - THES A1 - Bubner, Ben T1 - Host specificity and biodiversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi in pure and mixed stands of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus-28056 PB - Techn. Univ. CY - Cottbus ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Zimmermann, Claudia T1 - Effect of pattern formation on C and N turnover heterogeneity in initial soils T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2013, Vienna, Austria, 07 – 12 April 2013 N2 - The formation of vegetation patterns and hydrological processes, among others, result in soil heterogeneity in newly exposed land surfaces.We studied the effect of these developling structures on carbon and nitrogen trunover in soils of the artificial catchment Chicken Creek (Schaaf et al. 2011, 2012). Substrates with different physical and geochemical properties in combination with different labelled plant litter materials were studied in a microcosm experiment over a period of 80 weeks. Main objectives of the microcosm experiment were to determine the transformation processes of C and N from litter decomposition within the gaseous, liquid and solid phase, the interaction with mineral surfaces and its role for the establishment of biogeochemical cycles. The microcosm experiments were established in a climate chamber at constant 10 °C. In total, 48 soil columns (diameter: 14.4 cm; height: 30 cm) were filled with two different quaternary substrates (sand and loamy sand) representing the textural variation within the catchment at a bulk density of 1.4-1.5 g cm-3. The columns were automatically irrigated with artificial rainwater four times a day with 6.6 ml each (corresponding to 600 mm yr-1). The gaseous phase in the headspace of the microcosms was analyzed continuously for CO2 and N2O concentrations. C and N transformation processes were studied using 13C and 15N labelled litter of two different plant species occurring at the catchment (Lotus corniculatus, Calamagrostis epigejos) that was incorporated into the microcosm surface. By including litter from species with wide distribution within the catchment and soil substrates representing the main variation types of the sediments used for catchment construction we were able to characterize the general function of these sub-patches within the catchment with respect to litter decomposition, soil solution composition, DOC and nutrient leaching, and impact on the mineral soil phase. The results suggest that initial differences in substrate composition in combination with invading vegetation leads to the development of patterns with different biogeochemical process intensities within the catchment. These patterns are not mere additive effects of substrates plus litter, but reflect differences in element cycling. Y1 - 2013 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2013/EGU2013-10412.pdf N1 - EGU2013-10412 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Repmann, Frank A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Release of iron-cyanide complexes form contaminated soils - Batch and column experiments on substrates from Manufactured Gas Plant (MGP) site T2 - European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2013, Vienna, Austria, 07 – 12 April 2013 N2 - Soils of former Manufactured Gas Plants (MGPs) are often contaminated with iron-cyanide (Fe-CN) complexes that originate from gas purification process. Cyanide is a potentially toxic substance and its presence in soil and groundwater may cause risk for human health as well as for the environment. MGPs were commonly built on the city suburban areas, which have spread ever since. Nowadays, these sites are typically located in inner cities, causing environmental thread, due to the leaching of pollutants. More recently, columns and batch experiments have been used to study fate and mobility of contaminants is soil. The release of iron-cyanide complexes under unsaturated flow conditions was evaluated with eight columns of 30 cm length and a diameter of 5,4 cm. Cyanide concentrations in the collected leachates were measured with Flow Injection Analysis (FIA). Additionally pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and various ion concentrations were determined. In order to compare the release of Fe-CN complexes in saturated conditions a batch experiment was conducted, where in defined time intervals, 1 ml of the extract water phase was analyzed for CN concentration. Study revealed an analogous trend of cyanide release in both experiments indicating primarily the release of formerly dissolved phase (hexacyanoferrates) followed by continual dissolution of ferric ferrocyanide. We conclude that batch experiments, conducted prior to column analysis, can serve as preliminary prediction of the water soluble cyanide fraction under unsaturated conditions. Y1 - 2013 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2013/EGU2013-1983.pdf N1 - EGU2013-1983 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Repmann, Frank A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Feasibility of field portable near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to determine cyanide concentrations in soil T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2013, Vienna, Austria, 07 – 12 April 2013 N2 - In Germany, at more than 1000 sites, soil is polluted with an anthropogenic contaminant in form of iron-cyanide complexes. These contaminations are caused by former Manufactured Gas Plants (MGPs), where electricity for lighting was produced in the process of coal gasification. The production of manufactured gas was restrained in 1950, which caused cessation of MGPs. Our study describes the application of Polychromix Handheld Field Portable Near-Infrared (NIR) Analyzer to predict the cyanide concentrations in soil. In recent times, when the soil remediation is of major importance, there is a need to develop rapid and non-destructive methods for contaminant determination in the field. In situ analysis enables determination of ‘hot spots’, is cheap and time saving in comparison to laboratory methods. This paper presents a novel usage of NIR spectroscopy, where a calibration model was developed, using multivariate calibration algorithms, in order to determine NIR spectral response to the cyanide concentration in soil samples. As a control, the contaminant concentration was determined using conventional Flow Injection Analysis (FIA). The experiments revealed that portable near-infrared spectrometers could be a reliable device for identification of contamination ‘hot spots’, where cyanide concentration are higher than 2400 mg kg-1 in the field and >1750 mg kg-1 after sample preparation in the laboratory, but cannot replace traditional laboratory analyses due to high limits of detection. Y1 - 2013 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2013/EGU2013-1986.pdf N1 - EGU2013-1986 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mosquera-Losada, María Rosa A1 - Lamersdorf, N. P. A1 - Dupraz, Christian A1 - Rigueiro-Rodríguez, A. A1 - Moreno, G. A1 - Burgess, Paul J. A1 - Freese, Dirk A1 - Pantera, A. A1 - Papanastasis, V. A1 - Amaral, P. J. A1 - Palma, J. A1 - Rosatti, A. A1 - Mezzalira, G. A1 - Watte, J. A1 - Briggs, S. ED - Poppy, Laura ED - Kort, John ED - Schroeder, Bill ED - Pollock, Tricia ED - Soolanayakanahally, Raju T1 - Presenting the European Agroforestry Federation T2 - Conference Proceedings, 13th North American Agroforestry Conference, 19-21 Juni 2013 in Charlottetown, Kanada N2 - The European Agroforestry Federation (EURAF) was founded in Paris in December 2011 by almost 250 people coming from 17 European countries. EURAF aims at promoting the adoption of all agroforestry practices across Europe (new and traditional). Y1 - 2013 SP - 69 EP - 70 CY - Charlottetown, Prince Edwards Island, Canada ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Böhm, Christian A1 - Quinkenstein, Ansgar A1 - Freese, Dirk ED - Krümmelbein, Julia ED - Raab, Thomas ED - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Ökonomische Bewertung des Energieholzanbaus in Kurzumtriebsplantagen und Agroforstsystemen im Rekultivierungsbereich des Braunkohletagebaus Welzow-Süd T2 - Energieholzproduktion und bodenphysikalische Untersuchungen auf Rekultivierungsflächen des Niederlausitzer Braunkohlereviers KW - Energieholzanbau KW - Kurzumtriebsplantage KW - Agroforstsystem Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-3-937728-12-4 SP - 77 EP - 102 PB - BTU CY - Cottbus ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Krümmelbein, Julia A1 - Zeihser, Uwe ED - Krümmelbein, Julia ED - Raab, Thomas ED - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Landwirtschaftliche Versuchsfläche Tagebau Jänschwalde - Versuchsdesign und Flächenherstellung T2 - Energieholzproduktion und bodenphysikalische Untersuchungen auf Rekultivierungsflächen des Niederlausitzer Braunkohlereviers Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-3-937728-12-4 SP - 3 EP - 15 PB - BTU CY - Cottbus ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Elmer, Michael A1 - Fischer, Anton A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Nenov, Rossen A1 - Pretzsch, Hans A1 - Zaplata, Markus Klemens T1 - Feedbacks between vegetation, surface structures and hydrology during initial development of the artificial catchment 'Chicken Creek' T2 - Procedia Environmental Sciences N2 - Our investigations at the artificial catchment ´Chicken Creek´ in Lusatia/Germany aim to disentangle and understand the feedback mechanisms and interrelationships of processes and their co-development with spatial and temporal structures and patterns by studying this initial, probably less complex ecosystem. Intensive measurements were carried out in the catchment with regard to the development of surface structures, hydrological patterns, and vegetation dynamics. During the first seven years, considerable changes within the catchment were observed. Both internal and external factors could be identified as driving forces for the formation of structures and patterns in the artificial catchment. Initial structures formed by the construction process and initial substrate characteristics were decisive for the distribution and flow of water. External factors like episodic events triggered erosion and dissection during this initial phase, promoted by the low vegetation cover and the unconsolidated sandy substrate. The transformation of the initial geo-system into areas with evolving terrestrial or aquatic characteristics and from a very episodic to a more permanent stream network and discharge, together with the observed vegetation dynamics increased site diversity and heterogeneity with respect to water and nutrient availability and transformation processes compared to the more homogenous conditions at point zero. The processes and feedback mechanisms in the initial development of a new landscape may deviate in rates, intensity and dominance from those known from mature ecosystems. It is therefore crucial to understand these early phases of ecosystem development and to disentangle the increasingly complex interactions between the evolving terrestrial and aquatic, biotic and abiotic compartments of the system. Artificially created catchments could be a suitable tool to study these initial developments at the landscape scale under known, designed and defined boundary conditions. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2013.06.010 SN - 1878-0296 VL - 19 SP - 86 EP - 95 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Elmer, Michael A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Zaplata, Markus Klemens A1 - Hohberg, Karin A1 - Nenov, Rossen A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Dynamics of initial ecosystem development at the artificial catchment Chicken Creek, Lusatia, Germany T2 - Environmental Earth Sciences KW - ecosystem development Y1 - 2013 SN - 1866-6299 VL - 69 IS - 2 SP - 491 EP - 505 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Boldt-Burisch, Katja A1 - Gerke, Horst H. A1 - Nii-Annang, Seth A1 - Schneider, Bernd Uwe A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Root system development of Lotus corniculatus L. in calcareous sands with embedded finer-textured fragments in an initial soil T2 - Plant and Soil Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-012-1505-z VL - 368 IS - 1-2 SP - 281 EP - 296 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Felderer, Bernd A1 - Boldt-Burisch, Katja A1 - Schneider, Bernd Uwe A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. A1 - Schulin, Rainer T1 - Root growth of Lotus corniculatus interacts with P distribution in young sandy soil T2 - Biogeosciences KW - root growth Y1 - 2013 SN - 1726-4189 VL - 10 IS - 3 SP - 1737 EP - 1749 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Badorreck, Annika A1 - Gerke, Horst H. A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Morphology of physical soil crusts and infiltration patterns in an artificial catchment T2 - Soil & Tillage Research KW - soil crusts KW - morphology Y1 - 2013 SN - 0167-1987 VL - 129 SP - 1 EP - 8 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Esperschütz, Jürgen A1 - Zimmermann, Claudia A1 - Dümig, Alexander A1 - Welzl, G. A1 - Buegger, Franz A1 - Elmer, Michael A1 - Munch, Jean Charles A1 - Schloter, Michael T1 - Dynamics of microbial communities during decomposition of litter from pioneering plants in initial soil ecosystems T2 - Biogeosciences N2 - In initial ecosystems, concentrations of all macro- and micronutrients can be considered as extremely low. Plant litter therefore strongly influences the development of a degrader’s food web and is an important source for C and N input into soil in such ecosystems. In the present study, a 13C litter decomposition field experiment was performed for 30 weeks in initial soils from a post-mining area near the city of Cottbus (Germany). Two of this region’s dominant but contrasting pioneering plant species (Lotus corniculatus L. and Calamagrostis epigejos L.) were chosen to investigate the effects of litter quality on the litter decomposing microbial food web in initially nutrient-poor substrates. The results clearly indicate the importance of litter quality, as indicated by its N content, its bioavailability for the degradation process and the development of microbial communities in the detritusphere and soil. The degradation of the L. corniculatus litter, which had a low C / N ratio, was fast and showed pronounced changes in the microbial community structure 1–4 weeks after litter addition. The degradation of the C. epigejos litter material was slow and microbial community changes mainly occurred between 4 and 30 weeks after litter addition to the soil. However, for both litter materials clear indication of the importance of fungi for the degradation process was observed both in terms of fungal abundance and activity (13C incorporation activity). Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5115-2013 SN - 1726-4189 VL - 10 SP - 5115 EP - 5124 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Risse-Buhl, Ute A1 - Hagedorn, Frank A1 - Dümig, Alexander A1 - Gessner, Mark O. A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Nii-Annang, Seth A1 - Gerull, Linda A1 - Mutz, Michael T1 - Dynamics, chemical properties and bioavailability of DOC in an early successional catchment T2 - Biogeosciences Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/doi:10.5194/bg-10-4751-2013 SN - 1726-4189 VL - 10 SP - 4751 EP - 4765 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Biber, Peter A1 - Seifert, Stefan A1 - Zaplata, Markus Klemens A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Pretzsch, Hans A1 - Fischer, Anton T1 - Relationships between substrate, surface characteristics, and vegetation in an initial ecosystem T2 - Biogeosciences N2 - We investigated surface and vegetation dynamics in the artificial initial ecosystem “Chicken Creek” (Lusatia, Germany) in the years 2006–2011 across a wide spectrum of empirical data. We scrutinized three overarching hypotheses concerning (1) the relations between initial geomorphological and substrate characteristics with surface structure and terrain properties, (2) the effects of the latter on the occurrence of grouped plant species, and (3) vegetation density effects on terrain surface change. Our data comprise and conflate annual vegetation monitoring results, biennial terrestrial laser scans (starting in 2008), annual groundwater levels, and initially measured soil characteristics. The empirical evidence mostly confirms the hypotheses, revealing statistically significant relations for several goal variables: (1) the surface structure properties, local rill density, local relief energy and terrain surface height change; (2) the cover of different plant groups (annual, herbaceous, grass-like, woody, Fabaceae), and local vegetation height; and (3) terrain surface height change showed significant time-dependent relations with a variable that proxies local plant biomass. Additionally, period specific effects (like a calendar-year optimum effect for the occurrence of Fabaceae) were proven. Further and beyond the hypotheses, our findings on the spatiotemporal dynamics during the system’s early development grasp processes which generally mark the transition from a geo-hydro-system towards a bio-geo-hydro system (weakening geomorphology effects on substrate surface dynamics, while vegetation effects intensify with time), where pure geomorphology or substrate feedbacks are changing into vegetation–substrate feedback processes. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-8283-2013 VL - 10 SP - 8283 EP - 8303 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Repmann, Frank A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Long-Term Release of Iron-Cyanide Complexes from the Soil of a Manufactured Gas Plant Site T2 - Journal of Environmental Protection N2 - Iron-cyanide (Fe-CN) complexes have been detected at Manufactured Gas Plant sites (MGP) worldwide. The risk of groundwater contamination depends mainly on the dissolution of ferric ferrocyanide. In order to design effective reme- diation strategies, it is relevant to understand the contaminant’s fate and transport in soil, and to quantify and mathe- matically model a release rate. The release of iron-cyanide complexes from four contaminated soils, originating from the former MGP in Cottbus, has been studied by using a column experiment. Results indicated that long-term cyanide (CN) release is governed by two phases: one readily dissolved and one strongly fixed. Different isotherm and kinetic equations were used to investigate the driving mechanisms for the ferric ferrocyanide release. Applying the isotherm equations assumed an approach by which two phases were separate in time, whereas the multiple first order equation considered simultaneous occurrence of both cyanide pools. Results indicated varying CN release rates according to the phase and soil. According to isotherm and kinetic models, the long-term iron cyanide release from the MGP soils is a complex phenomenon driven by various mechanisms parallely involving desorption, diffusion and transport processes. Phase I (rapid release) is presumably mainly constrained by the transport process of readily dissolved iron-cyanide complexes combined with desorption of CN bound to reactive heterogeneous surfaces that are in direct contact with the aqueous phase (outer-sphere complexation). Phase II (limited rate) is presumably driven by the diffusion controlled processes involving dissolution of precipitated ferric ferrocyanide from the mineral or inner-sphere complexation of fer- ricyanides. CN release rates in phase I and II were mainly influenced by the pH, organic matter (OM) and the total CN content. The cyanide release rates increased with increasing pH, decreased with low initial CN concentration and were retarded by the increase in OM content. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4236/jep.2013.411A2002 SN - 2152-2219 VL - 4 IS - 11B SP - 8 EP - 19 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Elmer, Michael A1 - Fischer, Anton A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Nenov, Rossen A1 - Pretzsch, Hans A1 - Seifert, Stefan A1 - Winter, Susanne A1 - Zaplata, Markus Klemens T1 - Monitoring the formation of structures and patterns during initial development of an artificial catchment T2 - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment N2 - The objective of this paper is to present observations, results from monitoring measurements, and preliminary conclusions about the development of patterns and structures during the first 5 years of development of an artificial catchment starting from point zero. We discuss the high relevance of initial system traits and external events for the system development and draw conclusions for further research. These investigations as part of a Collaborative Research Center, aim to disentangle and understand the feedback mechanisms and interrelationships of processes and their co-development with spatial and temporal structures and patterns by studying an initial, probably less complex ecosystem. Therefore, intensive measurements were carried out in the catchment with regard to the development of surface structures, hydrological patterns, vegetation dynamics, water chemistry, and element budgets. During the first 5 years, considerable changes within the catchment were observed. Both internal and external factors could be identified as driving forces for the formation of structures and patterns in the artificial catchment. Initial structures formed by the construction process and initial substrate characteristics were decisive for the distribution and flow of water. External factors like episodic events triggered erosion and dissection during this initial phase, promoted by the low vegetation cover, and the unconsolidated sandy substrate. The transformation of the initial geosystem into areas with evolving terrestrial or aquatic characteristics and from a very episodic to a more permanent stream network and discharge, together with the observed vegetation dynamics increased site diversity and heterogeneity with respect to water and nutrient availability and transformation processes compared with the more homogenous conditions at point zero. The processes and feedback mechanisms in the initial development of a new landscape may deviate in rates, intensity, and dominance from those known from mature ecosystems. It is therefore crucial to understand these early phases of ecosystem development and to disentangle the increasingly complex interactions between the evolving terrestrial and aquatic, biotic, and abiotic compartments of the system. Long-term monitoring of initial ecosystems may provide important data and parameters on processes and the crucial role of spatial and temporal structures and patterns to solve these problems. Artificially created catchments could be a suitable tool to study these initial developments at the landscape scale under known, designed, and defined boundary conditions. KW - ecosystem development Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-012-2998-x SN - 0167-6369 VL - Vol. 185 IS - 7 SP - 5965 EP - 5986 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mantovani, Dario A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Freese, Dirk ED - Jeltsch, Florian ED - Joshi, Jasmin T1 - Biomass production in agro-­‐systems: Is black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) the right choice? T2 - GfÖ 43rd Annual Meeting, Building bridges in ecology, linking systems, scales and disciplines, September 9 to 13, 2013, Potsdam, Germany N2 - Currently, black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is an important tree species in Central and Eastern Europe for the production of biomass in short-rotation plantations. Being a ruderal species and relatively drought tolerant compared to other broad leaf trees, its use in agroforestry systems will increase. That is particularly true for marginal landscapes characterized by adverse edaphic conditions, where the soil water availability is limited and in summer drought can occur. Several studies have been carried out on the subject of the black locust primary production; however there are still open questions associated with its water consumption and the biomass production, in relation to the soil water availability. In order to investigate the soil-plant-atmosphere system interactions, in our studies the links between the growth rate, water use efficiency and the ecophysiological response have been examined in a two year lysimeter experiment. The two years old black locust plants were selected from a recultivated post-mining area (Welzow Süd, Lusatia, Brandenburg) and established in a 100 L wicked lysimeter, installed under a light transmissive roof to avoid uncontrolled water input. During the first vegetation period, the trees were maintained constantly under three different soil moisture regimes (well-watered, moderate, drought), in relation to the hydrostatic state of the lysimeters. For the second vegetation period instead, the plants were subjected to two different irrigation cycles (long term drought stress, short term drought stress), in relation of the drought stress and recovering time duration. The results were satisfactory. At whole plant level the water use efficiency, the growth rate under different soil moisture conditions and the morphological adaptation to drought condition were assessed. In addition, at leaf level we elucidated the relation between the soil moisture together with the atmospheric evaporative demand and the ecophysiological performance in terms of H2O and CO2 rate variation. From the results emerged that the black locust cultivar may have a positive or negative effect on the ecosystem function, depending on the water availability of the areas in object. The tree can tolerate periods of drought by reducing its transpiration rate, yet it is not to be considered a water saving trees species in a well watered condition. Y1 - 2013 UR - http://www.gfoe-2013.de/download/130905_GFOe_2013_Abstracts.small.pdf SP - 28 EP - 29 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Elmer, Michael A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Fischer, Anton A1 - Zaplata, Markus Klemens A1 - Nenov, Rossen T1 - Feedbacks between structures and processes during initial ecosystem development in an artificial catchment T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2013, Vienna, Austria, 07 – 12 April 2013 N2 - We studied the role of strutures and processes and their feedbacks during initial ecosystem development in the artificial catchment Chicken Creek. During the first seven years, considerable changes within the catchment were observed. Both internal and external factors could be identified as driving forces for the formation of structures and patterns in the artificial catchment. Initial structures formed by the construction process and initial substrate characteristics were decisive for the distribution and flow of water. External factors like episodic events triggered erosion and dissection during this initial phase, promoted by the low vegetation cover and the unconsolidated sandy substrate. The transformation of the initial geo-system into areas with evolving terrestrial or aquatic characteristics and from a very episodic to a more permanent stream network and discharge, together with the observed vegetation dynamics increased site diversity and heterogeneity with respect to water and nutrient availability and transformation processes compared to the more homogenous conditions at point zero. The processes and feedback mechanisms in the initial development of a new landscape may deviate in rates, intensity and dominance from those known from mature ecosystems. It is therefore crucial to understand these early phases of ecosystem development and to disentangle the increasingly complex interactions between the evolving terrestrial and aquatic, biotic and abiotic compartments of the system. Artificially created catchments could be a suitable tool to study these initial developments at the landscape scale under known, designed and defined boundary conditions. Y1 - 2013 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2013/EGU2013-6837.pdf N1 - EGU2013-6837 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Böhm, Christian A1 - Quinkenstein, Ansgar A1 - Freese, Dirk T1 - Biologische Stickstoff-Fixierung der Robinie T2 - AFZ - der Wald N2 - Als Pionierbaumart besiedelt die Robinie (Robinia pseudoacacia) schnell offene Flächen und gilt im Vergleich zu anderen mitteleuropäischen Baumarten als relativ gut angepasst an trockene Standorte mit lockeren Böden. Sie gehört zu den wenigen Baumarten Mitteleuropas, die zur biologischen Stickstoff-Fixierung (BNF) befähigt sind. In dieser Studie soll der jährliche Eintrag von Stickstoff (N) aus der biologischen N-Fixierung der Robinie in Kurzumtriebsplantagen und Agroforstsystemen abgeschätzt werden. Y1 - 2013 IS - 2 SP - 40 EP - 42 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. A1 - Flühler, Hannes A1 - Gerke, Horst H. A1 - Maurer, Thomas A1 - Schneider, Anna ED - Hüttl, Reinhard F. ED - Kögel-Knabner, Ingrid ED - Schulin, Rainer ED - Gerwin, Werner T1 - Project C5 – Development of a structure and process model T2 - Structures and processes of the initial ecosystem development phase in an artificial water catchment (Final report CRC/TR 38) Y1 - 2013 UR - http://opus.kobv.de/btu/volltexte/2013/2865/ SP - 101 EP - 110 PB - BTU, Forschungszentrum Landschaftsentwicklung und Bergbaulandschaften (FZLB) CY - Cottbus ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. A1 - Schulin, Rainer A1 - Schneider, Bernd Uwe A1 - Boldt-Burisch, Katja A1 - Felderer, Bernd ED - Hüttl, Reinhard F. ED - Kögel-Knabner, Ingrid ED - Schulin, Rainer ED - Gerwin, Werner T1 - Project B1 – Spatio-temporary development of root growth, decay and exudation in the initial phase of the ecosystem genesis T2 - Structures and processes of the initial ecosystem development phase in an artificial water catchment (Final report CRC/TR 38) Y1 - 2013 SP - 45 EP - 49 PB - BTU, Forschungszentrum Landschaftsentwicklung und Bergbaulandschaften (FZLB) CY - Cottbus ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kögel-Knabner, Ingrid A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Dümig, Alexander A1 - Spröte, Roland ED - Hüttl, Reinhard F. ED - Kögel-Knabner, Ingrid ED - Schulin, Rainer ED - Gerwin, Werner T1 - Project A3 – Initial stages of humus development T2 - Structures and processes of the initial ecosystem development phase in an artificial water catchment (Final report CRC/TR 38) Y1 - 2013 SP - 25 EP - 35 PB - BTU Forschungszentrum Landschaftsentwicklung und Bergbaulandschaften (FZLB) CY - Cottbus ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. A1 - Kögel-Knabner, Ingrid A1 - Schulin, Rainer A1 - Gerwin, Werner ED - Hüttl, Reinhard F. ED - Kögel-Knabner, Ingrid ED - Schulin, Rainer ED - Gerwin, Werner T1 - Introduction T2 - Structures and processes of the initial ecosystem development phase in an artificial water catchment (Final report CRC/TR 38) Y1 - 2013 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - BTU, Forschungszentrum Landschaftsentwicklung und Bergbaulandschaften (FZLB) CY - Cottbus ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Böhm, Christian A1 - Kanzler, Michael A1 - Freese, Dirk ED - Poppy, Laura ED - Kort, John ED - Schroeder, Bill ED - Pollock, Tricia ED - Soolanayakanahally, Raju T1 - Fast growing tree species in alley cropping systems and their influence on microclimate in Germany T2 - Conference Proceedings, 13th North American Agroforestry Conference, 19-21 Juni 2013 in Charlottetown, Kanada Y1 - 2013 SP - 97 EP - 104 CY - Charlottetown, Prince Edwards Island, Canada ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Böhm, Christian T1 - Effekte agroforstlicher Landnutzung auf Mikroklima, Bodenfruchtbarkeit und Wasserqualität T2 - Tagungsband zum 2. Internationalen Kongress Agrarholz 2013, am 19. und 20.02.2013 in Berlin, Deutschland Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-3-942147-12-5 SP - 398 EP - 412 PB - FNR CY - Gülzow ER - TY - THES A1 - Spröte, Roland T1 - Entwicklung von Benetzungshemmung auf sandigen Substraten unter dem Einfluss biologischer Bodenkru sten und höherer Vegetationsentwicklung N2 - Mit dieser Arbeit wurde der Einfluss von biologischen Bodenkrusten auf die Benetzungshemmung / Hydrophobizität auf sandigen, anthropogen geschütteten, rekultivierten Böden der Tagebaufolgelandschaft und auf sandigen, sich mehr oder weniger natürlich entwickelnden Böden in Flugsandarealen und Dünengebieten Südbrandenburgs untersucht. Gezeigt wurde, dass sich in der Bergbaufolgelandschaft auf dem sandigen anthropogen geschütteten Substrat andere Krustenarten auf der Substratoberfläche ansiedeln als auf der Substratoberfläche von Flugsandgebieten und Dünen. Der Effekt der Benetzungshemmung ist bei den Krustenarten der rekultivierten Bergbauflächen stärker ausgeprägt als bei den natürlichen Flugsandgebieten und Dünen, wo die Benetzungshemmung im Krustentstadium mit Einfluss von Moosen wieder zurückgeht. Gerade Flechten haben in Bergbaufolgelandschaften negativen Einfluss auf die Infiltration von Niederschlag. Auch die Bindungskräfte zwischen den Partikeln spielen bei der Betrachtung des Einflusses der Benetzungshemmung / Hydrophobizität eine Rolle, denn es zeigt sich bei Betrachtung der Korngrößenverteilung, dass das Substrat in den Rekultivierungsgebieten der Bergbaufolgelandschaft unsortiert ist und hohe Anteile an Feinmaterial (Schluff und Ton) aufweisen kann. Auf den Flugsandgebieten findet eine natürliche Sortierung der Partikel durch Wind und Wasser statt, wobei das Substrat meist locker lagernd vorkommt und lediglich im Lee von höheren Pflanzen zur Ruhe kommen kann. Dort übernehmen dann biologische Bodenkrusten und andere Mikroorganismen die Bindung und Festigung der Partikel z. B. durch extrazelluläre polymere Substanzen. Es wurde deutlich, dass die Akkumulation organischer Substanz bei Bewuchs mit Laubgehölzen in größerem Maße stattfindet als bei Bewuchs mit Nadelgehölzen. Jedoch weisen die Chlorophyll a-Gehalte auf mehr Biomasse durch biologische Bodenkrusten bei den Nadelgehölzen hin. Insgesamt ist festzuhalten, dass jeder untersuchte Standort separat für sich betrachtet werden muss und nicht von einer Chronosequenz im Sinne einer eindeutig zeitlichen Abfolge bei Betrachtung der Alter der Standorte ausgegangen werden kann. Lediglich die Standorte in der Bergbaufolgelandschaftfür sich sowie die Standorte in den relativ natürlich entwickelten Flugsand- und Dünengebieten können gemeinsam betrachtet werden. Wie gezeigt wurde, beeinflussen biologische Bodenkrusten gerade schon in der Initialphase der Bodenbildung den Wasserhaushalt durch Porenverschluss, durch hydrophob wirkende Exsudate, aber auch durch Rhizoide der Moose, insbesondere im brandenburgischen Übergangsklima vom maritimen zum kontinentalen Klima. Durch die Regulierung des Wasserhaushalts des Bodens durch die biologischen Bodenkrusten wird die Bodenentwicklung in bestimmte Richtungen gelenkt. Hierfür sind allerdings Langzeitbeobachtungen und eine möglichst gewissenhafte Auswahl an Chronosequenzen notwendig. Y1 - 2013 PB - BTU, LS Bodenschutz und Rekultivierung CY - Cottbus ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Halke, Christian A1 - Gypser, Stella A1 - Mantovani, Dario A1 - Lebzien, Stefan A1 - Freese, Dirk A1 - Veste, Maik ED - Jeltsch, Florian ED - Joshi, Jasmin T1 - Yield, transpiration and growth of the new bioenergy crop IGNISCUM Candy under different water regimes T2 - GfÖ 43rd Annual Meeting, Building bridges in ecology, linking systems, scales and disciplines, September 9 to 13, 2013, Potsdam, Germany N2 - There is a growing global need to produce more energy and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. One possible source of renewable energy in parts of Europe is the use of crop for bioenergy production. Currently, maize dominates the biogas production. For a diversified production of substrates alternative crops needs to be evaluated for their sustainable utilization and ecological integration into agro-systems. The new bioenergy plants IGNISCUM Candy and IGNISCUM Basic are cultivars of the Sakhalin Knotweed (Fallopia sachalinensis, Fam. Polygonaceae), which are characterized by a high annual biomass production. Information on the crop production of this species is rare. Hence, understanding plant response to the combinations of water and nutrients availability is crucial for the development of sustainable plant production. In greenhouse experiments we investigate the interrelations between nutrient supply, biomass production, and plant ecophysiology. For the determination of yield-transpiration relations at whole plant level we used a wick lysimeter system, which allows us to study plant growth under controlled water regimes and to calculate the plant transpiration. The irrigation is supplied by an automatic drip irrigation system and computer-controlled in relation to the volumetric soil water content. Four different water treatments associated to the SWC range from well-watered to drought stressed plants. The influence of plant sizes on plant water use was investigated under different nitrogen supply. The fertilizer applied is calcium ammonium nitrate (N) and the rates for the four treatments are 0, 50, 100, 150 kg N/ha at the beginning of the growing season. Plant transpiration is calculated on the basis of water input, storage and drainage in weekly intervals. The cumulative transpiration of the plants during the growing season is between 49 L (drought stressed) and 141 L (well-watered) per plant, respectively. We calculated a transpiration coefficient of 525 Liters per kg dry biomass. Y1 - 2013 UR - http://www.gfoe-2013.de/download/130905_GFOe_2013_Abstracts.small.pdf SP - 32 EP - 33 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Zaplata, Markus Klemens A1 - Kollmann, Johannes A1 - Ulrich, Werner A1 - Winter, Susanne A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Elmer, Michael A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Fischer, Anton ED - Jeltsch, Florian ED - Joshi, Jasmin T1 - Cover balance or degree of autocorrelation? It is the same and integratively traces pattern formation during succession T2 - GfÖ 43rd Annual Meeting, Building bridges in ecology, linking systems, scales and disciplines, September 9 to 13, 2013, Potsdam, Germany N2 - It is widely acknowledged that increasing complexity is a key attribute of ecosystem genesis. This is particularly true for primary succession on homogeneous substrates. However, a mechanistic understanding of spatial colonisation and pattern formation during primary succession has not been achieved yet. Thus, we studied this topic for 7 years within an experimental catchment (6 ha) established in the post-mining landscape of eastern Germany. Equidistant permanent plots (120 plots à 25m²) allowed for autocorrelation analyses, and thus tracing the spatial development of species cover performance. For each species tested, the “cover balance” first increased due to colonization, while decreasing in the course of succession. Drawing a benefit from these temporal trends, we suggested cover balance levels revealed by autocorrelation analyses to best indicate well-defined phases in primary succession at spatial entities. Hence, with the help of this spatial approach, terrestrial succession can be understood now much better at the most general level of the hierarchy provided by Pickett et al. (1987). In accordance with these authors, at subordinated levels of the causal hierarchy differential species performance might get collectively explained by contributing processes or conditions, such as ecophysiological traits, life history strategies, competition and allelopathy of the occurring plant species. Further research is needed to understand their relative contributions to the pattern formation. Y1 - 2013 UR - http://www.gfoe-2013.de/download/130905_GFOe_2013_Abstracts.small.pdf SP - 228 EP - 229 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Risse-Buhl, Ute A1 - Hagedorn, Frank A1 - Dümig, Alexander A1 - Gessner, Mark O. A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Nii-Annang, Seth A1 - Gerull, Linda A1 - Mutz, Michael ED - Jeltsch, Florian ED - Joshi, Jasmin T1 - Dynamics, chemical properties and bioavailability of DOC in an early successional catchment T2 - GfÖ 43rd Annual Meeting, Building bridges in ecology, linking systems, scales and disciplines, September 9 to 13, 2013, Potsdam, Germany N2 - The dynamics of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) have been intensively studied in mature ecosystems, but little is known about DOC dynamics and the significance of DOC as a substrate for microbial activity in early-successional catchments. We determined the concentration, chemical composition, radiocarbon age, and bioavailability of DOC along the hydrological flow path from soil solution to a downstream pond in a recently constructed catchment (Chicken Creek Catchment, Germany). Soil solution, upwelling ground water, subsurface water in an alluvial fan, and pond water all had high DOC concentrations (averaged 6.0 – 11.6 mg DOC L‐1), despite small carbon stocks in either vegetation or soil of the catchment. The mean 14C age of DOC in upwelling ground water was 2600 to 2800 years. Solid-state CPMAS 13C NMR revealed a higher proportion of aromatic compounds (32%) and a lower proportion of carbohydrates (33%) in upwelling ground water compared to pond water (18% and 45%, respectively). 14C age and 13C NMR spectra suggest that DOC was partly mobilized from charred organic matter inherent in the Quaternary substrate. In a 70-days incubation experiment, 20% of the total DOC was found to be bioavailable, irrespective of the water type. Origin of the microbial communities within the catchment (enriched from soil, stream sediment or pond water) had only marginal effects on overall DOC utilization. Overall, our data suggest that both recent and old DOC support microbial activity during early ecosystem succession, although a large fraction of the DOC is recalcitrant and eventually exported from the catchment once it has been mobilized. Y1 - 2013 SP - S. 377 PB - Gesellschaft für Ökologie CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mantovani, Dario A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Boldt-Burisch, Katja A1 - Fritsch, Simone ED - Jeltsch, Florian ED - Joshi, Jasmin T1 - Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) root growth response to different irrigation regimes T2 - GfÖ 43rd Annual Meeting, Building bridges in ecology, linking systems, scales and disciplines, September 9 to 13, 2013, Potsdam, Germany N2 - Robinia pseudoacacia L. is a pioneer tree species native from North America. Its original range is a climatic region classified as humid to sub-humid, with a mean annual precipitation of 1020 to 1830 mm. However, it grows under a wide range of edaphic and climatic conditions and the species has proven to be relatively drought tolerant. In central Europe, with a continental climate, the species has been successfully cropped for biomass production also on marginal land, even in post-­‐mining areas characterized by water limitation and harsh edaphic conditions. Due its drought tolerance, fast resprouting rate and its ability to live in symbiosis with Rhizobia and thus fix atmospheric nitrogen, black locust could become a key species for short-­‐rotation plantation on marginal land. Several studies have been already carried out to quantify the black locust above ground production and its water use efficiency. However, the relation between the black locust biomass allocation, root system development and plant water use has still to be examined. In our study we evaluated the drought stress effect on black locust below ground biomass production, root distribution, and the root and rhizobial association. Different irrigation regimes were chosen to test the plant’s performance in a lysimeter experiment, under semi-­‐controlled environmental conditions, for the duration of two vegetation periods. From the results obtained we determined the root biomass allocation under different irrigation regimes and identified the close relation between the soil water condition and the rhizobial association. Y1 - 2013 UR - http://www.gfoe-2013.de/download/130905_GFOe_2013_Abstracts.small.pdf SP - 33 EP - 34 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Böhm, Christian A1 - Kanzler, Michael A1 - Freese, Dirk ED - Pekrun, C. ED - Wachendorf, Magnus ED - Francke-Weltmann, L. T1 - Agroforstsysteme in Südbrandenburg - Effekte auf Mikroklima und Wasserqualität T2 - Nachhaltige Erzeugung von Nachwachsenden Rohstoffen, Tagung vom 04. bis 06. September 2013, Weihenstephan N2 - Der Agrarholzanbau stellt allgemein eine sehr extensive Form der landwirtschaftlichen Flächennutzung dar. So können beispielsweise die Winderosion oder der Stoffaustrag in das Grundwasser durch den Anbau von Bäumen auf ackerbaulich genutzten Standorten deutlich reduziert werden. Durch die Kombination von Bäumen und konventionellen Ackerfrüchten (Agroforstwirtschaft) können auch angrenzende Feldfruchtbereiche und somit der gesamte Ackerschlag von diesen positiven Effekten des Agrarholzanbaus profitieren. Im Rahmen dieser Studie wurde beispielhaft untersucht, ob und inwieweit der streifenförmige Anbau (Alley-Cropping) von im Kurzumtrieb bewirtschaftetem Agrarholz einerseits zu einer Verbesserung des Windschutzes und andererseits zu einer Erhöhung der Grundwasserqualität beitragen kann. Y1 - 2013 N1 - Tagung der Gesellschaft für Pflanzenbauwissenschaften e.V. mit der Technischen Universität München, der Bayerischen Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft und dem Technologie- und Förderzentrum Straubing, 04. bis 06. September 2013, Weihenstephan SP - 180 EP - 181 PB - Verlag Halm CY - Göttingen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hinz, Christoph A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Elmer, Michael A1 - Flühler, Hannes A1 - Holländer, Hartmut M. A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - State transitions in the artificial catchment Huehnerwasser (Chicken Creek): Ecosystems development 8 years after initialization : abstract T2 - Soil-mediated Drivers of Coupled Biogeochemical and Hydrological Processes across Scales, AGU Chapman Conference Biosphere II, Tucson, Arizona, USA, 21-24 October 2013 Y1 - 2013 UR - http://chapman.agu.org/soil-mediated/files/2013/10/AGU-CC13SD-3.pdf SP - S. 34 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Böhm, Christian A1 - Quinkenstein, Ansgar A1 - Freese, Dirk ED - Krümmelbein, Julia ED - Raab, Thomas ED - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Ertragsabschätzung von holzartiger Biomasse in Kurzumtriebsplantagen aus Robinie (Robinia Pseudoacacia L.) anhand allometrischer Funktionen T2 - Energieholzproduktion und bodenphysikalische Untersuchungen auf Rekultivierungsflächen des Niederlausitzer Braunkohlereviers KW - Kurzumtriebsplantagen KW - Biomasse Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-3-937728-12-4 SP - 61 EP - 76 PB - BTU CY - Cottbus ER - TY - GEN ED - Raab, Thomas ED - Raab, Alexandra ED - Gerwin, Werner ED - Schopper, Franz T1 - Landschaftswandel - Landscape Change Y1 - 2013 PB - Chair of Geopedology and Landscape Development CY - Cottbus ER -