TY - GEN A1 - Aftowicz, Marcin A1 - Klann, Dan A1 - Kabin, Ievgen A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Extended Horizontal SCA Attack using Clustering Algorithm T2 - Proc. 32. Crypto-Day Matters 2021, (2021) Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.18420/cdm-2021-32-25 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Petryk, Dmytro A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Laser Fault Injection Attacks against IHP Chips T2 - Proc. 32. Crypto-Day Matters 2021, (2021) Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.18420/cdm-2021-32-22 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kabin, Ievgen A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Klann, Dan A1 - Aftowicz, Marcin A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - FFT based Horizontal SCA Attack against ECC T2 - 2021 11th IFIP International Conference on New Technologies, Mobility and Security (NTMS) Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-1-6654-4400-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/NTMS49979.2021.9432665 SN - 2157-4960 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Haddadi Esfahani, Ali A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Ortmann, Steffen A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Impact of Data Preparation in Freezing of Gait Detection using Feature-Less Recurrent Neural Network T2 - IEEE Access Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3117543 SN - 2169-3536 IS - 9 SP - 138120 EP - 138131 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kabin, Ievgen A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Klann, Dan A1 - Aftowicz, Marcin A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Resistance of the Montgomery Ladder against Simple SCA: Theory and Practice T2 - Journal of Electronic Testing Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10836-021-05951-3 SN - 1573-0727 SN - 0923-8174 VL - 37 IS - 3 SP - 289 EP - 303 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Petryk, Dmytro A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Pérez, Eduardo A1 - Kabin, Ievgen A1 - Katzer, Jens A1 - Schäffner, Jan A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Sensitivity of HfO2-based RRAM Cells to Laser Irradiation T2 - Microprocessors and Microsystems Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpro.2021.104376 SN - 0141-9331 IS - 87 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Vogel, Elisabeth A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Klann, Dan A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Resilience in the Cyber World: Definitions, Features and Models T2 - Future Internet Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13110293 SN - 1999-5903 VL - 13 IS - 11 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kabin, Ievgen A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Klann, Dan A1 - Schäffner, Jan A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - On the Complexity of Attacking Commercial Authentication Products T2 - Microprocessors and Microsystems Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpro.2020.103480 SN - 0141-9331 IS - 80 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kabin, Ievgen A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Atomicity and Regularity Principles do not Ensure Full Resistance of ECC Designs against Single-Trace Attacks T2 - Sensors Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/s22083083 SN - 1424-8220 VL - 22 IS - 8 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lang, Patrick A1 - Haddadi Esfahani, Ali A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Langendörfer, Peter ED - Rehman, Masood Ur T1 - FPGA-based Realtime Detection of Freezing of Gait of Parkinson Patients T2 - Body Area Networks. Smart IoT and Big Data for Intelligent Health Management : 16th EAI International Conference, BODYNETS 2021, Virtual Event, October 25-26, 2021, Proceedings Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-030-95593-9 SN - 978-3-030-95592-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95593-9_9 SN - 1867-8211 SN - 1867-822X SP - 101 EP - 111 PB - Springer International Publishing ER - TY - GEN A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Kabin, Ievgen A1 - Brzozowski, Marcin A1 - Panic, Goran A1 - Calligaro, Cristiano A1 - Krstic, Milos A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - On the SCA Resistance of Crypto IP Cores T2 - 23rd IEEE Latin-American Test Symposium (LATS 2022), Montevideo, Uruguay, 05-08 September 2022 Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-1-6654-5707-1 SN - 978-1-6654-5708-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/LATS57337.2022.9937007 SN - 2373-0862 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Shamilyan, Oxana A1 - Kabin, Ievgen A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Distributed Artificial Intelligence as a Means to Achieve Self-X-Functions for Increasing Resilience: the First Steps T2 - 11th Mediterranean Conference on Embedded Computing (MECO), Budva, Montenegro, 07-10 June 2022 Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-1-6654-6828-2 SN - 978-1-6654-6827-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/MECO55406.2022.9797193 SN - 2637-9511 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Petryk, Dmytro A1 - Kabin, Ievgen A1 - Langendoerfer, Peter A1 - Dyka, Zoya ED - Kotulski, Zbigniew T1 - Horizontal attack against EC kP accelerator under laser illumination T2 - Electronics N2 - Devices employing cryptographic approaches have to be resistant to physical attacks. Side-Channel Analysis (SCA) and Fault Injection (FI) attacks are frequently used to reveal cryptographic keys. In this paper, we present a combined SCA and laser illumination attack against an Elliptic Curve Scalar Multiplication accelerator, while using different equipment for the measurement of its power traces, i.e., we performed the measurements using a current probe from Riscure and a differential probe from Teledyne LeCroy, with an attack success of 70% and 90%, respectively. Our experiments showed that laser illumination increased the power consumption of the chip, especially its static power consumption, but the success of the horizontal power analysis attacks changed insignificantly. After applying 100% of the laser beam output power and illuminating the smallest area of 143 µm² , we observed an offset of 17 mV in the measured trace. We assume that using a laser with a high laser beam power, as well as concentrating on measuring and analysing only static current, can significantly improve the attack’s success. The attacks exploiting the Static Current under Laser Illumination (SCuLI attacks) are novel, and their potential has not yet been fully investigated. These attacks can be especially dangerous against cryptographic chips manufactured in downscaling technologies. If such attacks are feasible, appropriate countermeasures have to be proposed in the future. KW - Power analysis KW - Dynamic power KW - Static leakage power KW - Laser illumination Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14102072 SN - 2079-9292 VL - 14 IS - 10 SP - 1 EP - 21 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - GEN A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Kabin, Ievgen A1 - Brzozowski, Marcin A1 - Panic, Goran A1 - Calligaro, Cristiano A1 - Krstic, Milos A1 - Langendoerfer, Peter T1 - On the influence of cell libraries and other parameters to SCA resistance of crypto IP cores T2 - 2024 13th Mediterranean Conference on Embedded Computing (MECO) N2 - The ever-growing complexity of modern systems as well as the shrinking time to market enforces the use of already designed hardware components i.e. hard and soft IP cores. The fact that also requirements with respect to security significantly increased and that side-channel analysis (SCA) attacks are meanwhile a well-known threat it is paramount to ensure SCA resistance of ASICs and FPGA implementations derived from cryptographic IP cores. This requires to evaluate this feature for each IP core and target technology even down to the level of the cell library. The experiments reported here clearly show that the three available cell libraries even though developed for the same 130nm technology of IHP exhibit different sensitivity to SCA attacks ranging from quite resistant to very vulnerable. KW - Cryptographic IP cores KW - Elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) KW - Side-channel analysis (SCA) attacks KW - SCA resistance KW - Differential power analysis (DPA) KW - Horizontal attacks Y1 - 2024 SN - 979-8-3503-8756-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/MECO62516.2024.10577776 SP - 1 EP - 5 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway, NJ ER - TY - GEN A1 - Shamilyan, Oxana A1 - Kabin, Ievgen A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Resilient movement planning for continuum robots T2 - MODeM 2024 : Multi-Objective Decision Making Workshop at ECAI 2024, 20 October 2024, Santiago de Compostela, Spain N2 - The paper presents an experimental study of resilient path planning for con-tinuum robots taking into account the multi-objective optimisation problem. To do this, we used two well-known algorithms, namely Genetic algorithm and A* algorithm, for path planning and the Analytical Hierarchy Process algorithm for paths evaluation. In our experiment Analytical Hierarchy Process algorithm considers four different criteria, i.e. distance, motors damage, mechanical damage and accuracy each considered to contribute to the resilience of a continuum robot. The use of different criteria is necessary to increasing the time to maintenance operations of the robot. The experiment shows that on the one hand both algorithms can be used in combination with Analytical Hierarchy Process algorithm for multi criteria path-planning, while Genetic algorithm shows superior performance in the comparison of the two algorithms. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://modem2024.vub.ac.be/papers/MODeM2024_paper_3.pdf U6 - https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2404.06178 SP - 1 EP - 7 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kabin, Ievgen A1 - Langendoerfer, Peter A1 - Dyka, Zoya T1 - On the SCA resistance of TMR-protected cryptographic designs T2 - Electronics N2 - The influence of redundant implementations on success of physical attacks against cryptographic devices is currently under-researched. This is especially an issue in application fields such as wearable health, industrial control systems and the like in which devices are accessible to potential attackers. This paper presents results of an investigation of the TMR application impact on the vulnerability of FPGA-based asymmetric cryptographic accelerators to side-channel analysis attacks. We implemented our cryptographic cores using full- and partial-TMR application approaches and experimentally conducted evaluation of their side-channel resistance. Our results reveal that TMR can significantly impact side-channel leakage, either increasing resistance by introducing noise or amplifying leakage depending on the part of the design where redundancy was applied. KW - Triple modular redundancy KW - TMR KW - Side-channel analysis attacks KW - SCA; Cryptographic hardware KW - FPGA security KW - Fault tolerance KW - Hardware redundancy KW - Physical attacks KW - Secure design KW - Elliptic curve cryptosystems Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14163318 SN - 2079-9292 VL - 14 IS - 16 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mykytyn, Pavlo A1 - Chitauro, Ronald A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Langendoerfer, Peter T1 - Channel state information analysis for jamming attack detection in static and dynamic UAV networks – an experimental study T2 - 2025 21st International Conference on Distributed Computing in Smart Systems and the Internet of Things (DCOSS-IoT) N2 - Networks built on the IEEE 802.11 standard have experienced rapid growth in the last decade. Their field of application is vast, including smart home applications, Internet of Things (IoT), and short-range high throughput static and dynamic inter-vehicular communication networks. In this work, we conduct an experimental study on the feasibility of jamming attack detection in static and dynamic vehicular networks by using real-time Channel State Information (CSI) analysis of the communication channel. To set up a communication network between an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and a Ground Control Station (GCS), we utilize the ESP32-S3 modules from Espressif Systems. The configured link is then subjected to experimental testing of the constant jammer impact on the CSI parameters, including individual subcarrier amplitude attenuation, phase shift, temporal variation (jitter) and Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) in static and dynamic conditions. Our study experimentally confirms the feasibility of jamming attack detection through CSI analysis in both static and dynamic communication scenarios. KW - IEEE 802.11 KW - Internet of Things (IoT) KW - UAV KW - Wireless Security KW - CSI KW - Jamming Attack Y1 - 2025 SN - 979-8-3315-4372-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/DCOSS-IoT65416.2025.00060 SP - 322 EP - 327 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway, NJ ER - TY - GEN A1 - Pidvalnyi, Illia A1 - Kostenko, Anna A1 - Sudakov, Oleksandr A1 - Isaev, Dmytro A1 - Maximyuk, Oleksandr A1 - Krishtal, Oleg A1 - Iegorova, Olena A1 - Kabin, Ievgen A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Ortmann, Steffen A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Classification of epileptic seizures by simple machine learning techniques : application to animals’ electroencephalography signals T2 - IEEE access N2 - Detection and prediction of the onset of seizures are among the most challenging problems in epilepsy diagnostics and treatment. Small electronic devices capable of doing that will improve the quality of life for epilepsy patients while also open new opportunities for pharmacological intervention. This paper presents a novel approach using machine learning techniques to detect seizures onset using intracranial electroencephalography (EEG) signals. The proposed approach was tested on intracranial EEG data recorded in rats with pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy. A principal component analysis was applied for feature selection before using a support vector machine for the detection of seizures. Hjorth’s parameters and Daubechies discrete wavelet transform coefficients were found to be the most informative features of EEG data. We found that the support vector machine approach had a classification sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 74% for detecting ictal episodes. Changing the epoch parameter from one to twenty-one seconds results in changing the redistribution of principal components’ values to 10% but does not affect the classification result. Support vector machines are accessible and convenient methods for classification that have achieved promising classification quality, and are rather lightweight compared to other machine learning methods. So we suggest their future use in mobile devices for early epileptic seizure and preictal episode detection. KW - Epilepsy KW - Single-channel intracranial encephalographic data KW - PCA KW - SVM KW - Automated system KW - Rats Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3527866 SN - 2169-3536 VL - 13 SP - 8951 EP - 8962 PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) CY - Piscataway, NJ ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kabin, Ievgen A1 - Langendoerfer, Peter A1 - Dyka, Zoya T1 - Impact of thermal effects on cryptographic resilience : a study of an ASIC implementation of the Montgomery ladder T2 - 2025 IEEE 26th Latin American Test Symposium (LATS) N2 - The side-channel attack resistance of hardware implementations of cryptographic algorithms can vary significantly with operating parameters, such as operating voltage, clock frequency, temperature, etc. This study investigates the influence of temperature on the resilience of an ASIC implementation of the Montgomery ladder against SCA. We conducted a series of experiments to evaluate how varying temperature conditions impact the resistance of our ASIC to horizontal attacks. Our results reveal that in contrast to the state-of-the-art approach of increasing the operating temperature, operating under sub-zero temperatures can result in increased vulnerability to side-channel attacks compared to high temperature experiments. We present a detailed analysis of the thermal sensitivity of our ASIC, correlating specific temperature ranges with potential security degradation. KW - Side-channel analysis KW - SCA KW - Static power KW - Static current KW - Leakage current KW - Leakage current attacks KW - Leakage power analysis (LPA) KW - Attacks exploiting static current KW - Operating parameters KW - Thermal sensitivity horizontal attacks KW - ECC KW - Montgomery Ladder KW - Static current SCA Y1 - 2025 SN - 978-1-6654-7763-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/LATS65346.2025.10963949 SP - 1 EP - 4 PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) CY - Piscataway, NJ ER - TY - GEN A1 - Petryk, Dmytro A1 - Langendoerfer, Peter A1 - Dyka, Zoya T1 - Sensitivity of logic cells to laser fault injections : an overview of experimental results for IHP technologies T2 - IEEE transactions on device and materials reliability N2 - In this work, we provide an overview of our front-side Fault Injection (FI) experiments with different logic cells manufactured in two IHP BiCMOS technologies using Riscure equipment for laser FIs. We were able to inject faults into different types of cells including standard library cells as well as into two types of radiation tolerant flip-flops. Experimenting with radiation-tolerant flip-flops faults were injected illuminating areas with PMOS transistors in OFF state. We determined the cells areas, which were sensitive to the laser FI attacks. Only few works discussed this aspect in the past determining NMOS transistors as the sensitive part of the logic cells. Knowledge about the areas which are sensitive to the laser FI attacks can be generalized experimenting with other technologies and used in future by designers to implement corresponding countermeasure(s) at the initial stage of chip development. KW - Laser fault injection attack KW - Radiation tolerant cells KW - Cell’s sensitive area Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/TDMR.2025.3596380 SN - 1530-4388 SN - 1558-2574 VL - 25 IS - 3 SP - 410 EP - 423 PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) CY - Piscataway, NJ ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sigourou, Alkistis Aikaterini A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Li, Sze Hei A1 - Langendoerfer, Peter A1 - Kabin, Ievgen T1 - Revisiting atomic patterns for elliptic curve scalar multiplication revealing inherent vulnerability to simple SCA T2 - 2025 12th IFIP International Conference on New Technologies, Mobility and Security (NTMS) N2 - Elliptic Curve Scalar Multiplication, denoted as kP operation, is the basic operation in all Elliptic Curve-based cryptographic protocols. The atomicity principle and different atomic patterns for kP algorithms were proposed in the past as countermeasures against simple side-channel analysis. In this work, we investigated the resistance of a kP algorithm implemented in hardware using Longa’s atomic patterns. We analysed its simulated power trace. We show in the example of our kP implementation for the NIST EC P-256 that the field squaring operations are distinguishable from the field multiplications even if they are performed by the same field multiplier, due to the addressing of the second multiplicand. This inherent vulnerability of atomic patterns can be successfully exploited to reveal the scalar k. KW - Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem (ECC) KW - kP KW - Atomic patterns KW - Simple Power Analysis (SPA) KW - Side-Channel Analysis (SCA) attacks KW - Longa’s atomic patterns Y1 - 2025 SN - 979-8-3315-5276-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/NTMS65597.2025.11076762 SP - 252 EP - 258 PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) CY - Piscataway, NJ ER - TY - GEN A1 - Petryk, Dmytro A1 - Kabin, Ievgen A1 - Langendoerfer, Peter A1 - Dyka, Zoya T1 - Case study : horizontal side-channel analysis attack against elliptic curve scalar multiplication accelerator under laser illumination T2 - 2025 IEEE 26th Latin American Test Symposium (LATS) N2 - Devices employing cryptographic approaches have to be resistant to physical attacks. Side-Channel Analysis (SCA) and Fault Injection (FI) attacks are frequently used to reveal cryptographic keys. In this paper, we present a combined SCA and laser illumination attack against an Elliptic Curve Scalar Multiplication accelerator using a differential probe from Teledyne LeCroy. Our experiments show that laser illumination increases the power consumption of the chip, especially its static power consumption but the success of the horizontal power analysis attacks was changed insignificantly. We assume that using a laser with a high laser beam power and concentrating on measuring and analysing only static current can improve the attack success significantly. The horizontal attacks against public key cryptosystems exploiting the Static Consumption under Laser Illumination (SCuLI attacks) are novel and their potential is not investigated yet. These attacks can be especially dangerous against cryptographic chips manufactured in scaled technologies. If such attacks are feasible, appropriate countermeasures have to be proposed in the future. KW - Security KW - Side-Channel Analysis (SCA) KW - Laser illumination KW - Power consumption KW - Static Consumption under Laser Illumination (SCuLI) attacks Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/LATS65346.2025.10963958 SP - 1 EP - 4 PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) CY - Piscataway, NJ ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sigourou, Alkistis Aikaterini A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Langendoerfer, Peter A1 - Kabin, Ievgen T1 - Atomic patterns : field operation distinguishability on cryptographic ASICs T2 - 2025 IEEE International Conference on Cyber Security and Resilience (CSR) N2 - Scalar multiplication kP is the most frequently attacked operation in Elliptic Curve Cryptosystems (ECC) protocols. To counter simple Side-Channel Analysis (SCA), the atomicity principle and various atomic block constructions have been proposed in the past. In this paper, we demonstrate that binary kP algorithms based on atomic patterns remain vulnerable to simple SCA, due to different energy consumption of the field multiplier while obtaining the second multiplicand for field multiplication or squaring operations. The reasons for this difference are the data-bit as well as the address-bit effects. Please note, this leakage does not depend on the multiplication formula used. We validate this vulnerability through experiments using Longa’s atomic patterns, revealing that such leakage significantly compromises the SCA resistance of numerous atomic implementations and facilitates potential key extraction. We conclude by providing some potential solutions to mitigate the revealed vulnerability. Y1 - 2025 SN - 979-8-3315-3591-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/CSR64739.2025.11130154 SP - 990 EP - 995 PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) CY - Piscataway, NJ ER -