TY - CHAP A1 - Ju, Yong Chul A1 - Maurer, Daniel A1 - Breuß, Michael A1 - Bruhn, Andrés ED - Breuß, Michael ED - Bruckstein, Alfred ED - Maragos, Petros ED - Wuhrer, Stefanie T1 - Direct variational perspective shape from shading with Cartesian depth parametrisation T2 - Perspectives in Shape Analysis, Mathematics and Visualization Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-319-24724-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24726-7 SP - 43 EP - 72 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Cham ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kraljevski, Ivan A1 - Duckhorn, Frank A1 - Ju, Yong Chul A1 - Tschöpe, Constanze A1 - Richter, Christian A1 - Wolff, Matthias T1 - Acoustic Resonance Recognition of Coins T2 - 2020 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC), 25-28 May 2020, Dubrovnik, Croatia N2 - In this study, we compare different machine learning approaches applied to acoustic resonance recognition of coins. Euro-cents and Euro-coins were classified by the sound emerging when throwing the coins onto a hard surface.The used dataset is a representative example of a small data which was collected in carefully prepared experiments.Due to the small number of coin specimens and the count of the collected observations, it was interesting to see whether deep learning methods can achieve similarly or maybe even better classification performances compared with more traditional methods.The results of the multi-class prediction of coin denominations are presented and compared in terms of balanced accuracy and Matthews Correlation Coefficient metrics. The feature analysis methods combined with the employed classifiers achieved acceptable results, despite the relatively small dataset. Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-1-7281-4460-3 SN - 978-1-7281-4461-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC43012.2020.9129256 PB - IEEE Xplore ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kraljevski, Ivan A1 - Duckhorn, Frank A1 - Ju, Yong Chul A1 - Tschöpe, Constanze A1 - Wolff, Matthias ED - Maglogiannis, Ilias ED - Iliadis, Lazaros S. ED - Pimenidis, Elias T1 - Acoustic Resonance Testing of Glass IV Bottles T2 - Artificial Intelligence Applications and Innovations : 16th IFIP WG 12.5 International Conference, AIAI 2020, Neos Marmaras, Greece, June 5–7, 2020, Proceedings, Part II N2 - In this paper, acoustic resonance testing on glass intravenous (IV) bottles is presented. Different machine learning methods were applied to distinguish acoustic observations of bottles with defects from the intact ones. Due to the very limited amount of available specimens, the question arises whether the deep learning methods can achieve similar or even better detection performance compared with traditional methods. Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-030-49186-4 SN - 978-3-030-49185-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49186-4_17 SN - 1868-4238 SN - 1868-422X VL - Cham SP - 195 EP - 206 PB - Springer International Publishing ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kleefeld, Andreas A1 - Ju, Yong Chul A1 - Tozza, Silvia A1 - Breuß, Michael A1 - Bruhn, Andrés ED - Burghardt, Tilo ED - Damen, Dima ED - Mayol-Cuevas, Walterio ED - Mirmehdi, Majid T1 - Generalised Perspective Shape from Shading with Oren-Nayar Reflectance T2 - Proceedings 24th British Machine Vision Conference, BMVC 2013, Bristol, UK, September 2013 N2 - In spite of significant advances in Shape from Shading (SfS) over the last years, it is still a challenging task to design SfS approaches that are flexible enough to handle a wide range of input scenes. In this paper, we address this lack of flexibility by proposing a novel model that extends the range of possible applications. To this end, we consider the class of modern perspective SfS models formulated via partial differential equations (PDEs). By combining a recent spherical surface parametrisation with the advanced non-Lambertian Oren-Nayar reflectance model, we obtain a robust approach that allows to deal with an arbitrary position of the light source while being able to handle rough surfaces and thus more realistic objects at the same time. To our knowledge, the resulting model is currently the most advanced and most flexible approach in the literature on PDE-based perspective SfS. Apart from deriving our model, we also show how the corresponding set of sophisticated Hamilton-Jacobi equations can be efficiently solved by a specifically tailored fast marching scheme. Experiments with medical real-world data demonstrate that our model works in practice and that is offers the desired flexibility. Y1 - 2013 UR - http://www.bmva.org/bmvc/2013/Papers/paper0042/index.html U6 - https://doi.org/10.5244/C.27.42 SP - 42.1 EP - 42.11 PB - BMVA Press ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Chul Ju, Yong A1 - Bruhn, Andrés A1 - Breuß, Michael ED - Aujol, Jean-François ED - Nikolova, Mila ED - Papadakis, Nicolas T1 - Variational Perspective Shape from Shading T2 - Scale Space and Variational Methods in Computer Vision, 5th International Conference, SSVM 2015, Lège-Cap Ferret, France, May 31 - June 4, 2015, Proceedings KW - Shape from shading KW - Variational methods KW - Perspective camera model Y1 - 2015 UR - http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-319-18461-6_43 SN - 978-3-319-18460-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18461-6_43 SP - 538 EP - 550 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Galliani, S. A1 - Ju, Yong Chul A1 - Breuß, Michael A1 - Bruhn, Andrés ED - Kuijper, A. ED - Pock, T. ED - Bredies, K. ED - Bischof, H. T1 - Generalised Perspective Shape from Shading in Spherical Coordinates T2 - Proceedings Fourth International Conference on Scale Space and Variational Methods in Computer Vision, SSVM 2013, Graz, Austria, June 2013 Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-3-642-38266-6 SP - 222 EP - 233 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ju, Yong Chul A1 - Breuß, Michael A1 - Bruhn, Andrés A1 - Galiani, Silvano ED - Browden, R. ED - Collomosse, J. ED - Mikolajczyk, K. T1 - Shape from Shading for Rough Surfaces: Analysis of the Oren-Nayar Model T2 - Proceedings 23rd British Machine Vision Conference, BMVC 2012, Surrey, UK, September 3-7, 2012 Y1 - 2012 SN - 1-901725-46-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5244/C.26.104 SP - 104.1 EP - 104.11 PB - BMVA Press ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Galliani, S. A1 - Breuß, Michael A1 - Ju, Yong Chul ED - Bowden, R. ED - Collomosse, J. ED - Mikolajczyk, K. T1 - Fast and Robust Surface Normal Integration by a Discrete Eikonal Equation T2 - Proceedings, 23rd British Machine Vision Conference, BMVC 2012, Surrey, UK, September 3-7, 2012 Y1 - 2012 SN - 1-901725-46-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5244/C.26.106 SP - 106.1 EP - 106.11 PB - BMVA Press ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ju, Yong Chul A1 - Kraljevski, Ivan A1 - Neunübel, Heiko A1 - Tschöpe, Constanze A1 - Wolff, Matthias T1 - Acoustic Resonance Testing of Small Data on Sintered Cogwheels T2 - Sensors N2 - Based on the fact that cogwheels are indispensable parts in manufacturing, we present the acoustic resonance testing (ART) of small data on sintered cogwheels for quality control in the context of non-destructive testing (NDT). Considering the lack of extensive studies on cogwheel data by means of ART in combination with machine learning (ML), we utilize time-frequency domain feature analysis and apply ML algorithms to the obtained feature sets in order to detect damaged samples in two ways: one-class and binary classification. In each case, despite small data, our approach delivers robust performance: All damaged test samples reflecting real-world scenarios are recognized in two one-class classifiers (also called detectors), and one intact test sample is misclassified in binary ones. This shows the usefulness of ML and time-frequency domain feature analysis in ART on a sintered cogwheel dataset. KW - acoustic resonance testing (ART) non-destructive testing (NDT) KW - deep learning KW - machine learning KW - small-data KW - non-destructive testing (NDT) Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/s22155814 SN - 1424-8220 VL - 22 IS - 15 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kraljevski, Ivan A1 - Ju, Yong Chul A1 - Ivanov, Dmitrij A1 - Tschöpe, Constanze A1 - Wolff, Matthias T1 - How to Do Machine Learning with Small Data? - A Review from an Industrial Perspective T2 - arXiv N2 - Artificial intelligence experienced a technological breakthrough in science, industry, and everyday life in the recent few decades. The advancements can be credited to the ever-increasing availability and miniaturization of computational resources that resulted in exponential data growth. However, because of the insufficient amount of data in some cases, employing machine learning in solving complex tasks is not straightforward or even possible. As a result, machine learning with small data experiences rising importance in data science and application in several fields. The authors focus on interpreting the general term of "small data" and their engineering and industrial application role. They give a brief overview of the most important industrial applications of machine learning and small data. Small data is defined in terms of various characteristics compared to big data, and a machine learning formalism was introduced. Five critical challenges of machine learning with small data in industrial applications are presented: unlabeled data, imbalanced data, missing data, insufficient data, and rare events. Based on those definitions, an overview of the considerations in domain representation and data acquisition is given along with a taxonomy of machine learning approaches in the context of small data. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.07126 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Maurer, Daniel A1 - Ju, Yong Chul A1 - Breuß, Michael A1 - Bruhn, Andrés T1 - Combining Shape from Shading and Stereo: A Joint Variational Method for Estimating Depth, Illumination and Albedo T2 - International Journal of Computer Vision N2 - Shape from shading (SfS) and stereo are two fundamentally different strategies for image-based 3-D reconstruction. While approaches for SfS infer the depth solely from pixel intensities, methods for stereo are based on a matching process that establishes correspondences across images. This difference in approaching the reconstruction problem yields complementary advantages that are worthwhile being combined. So far, however, most “joint” approaches are based on an initial stereo mesh that is subsequently refined using shading information. In this paper we follow a completely different approach. We propose a joint variational method that combines both cues within a single minimisation framework. To this end, we fuse a Lambertian SfS approach with a robust stereo model and supplement the resulting energy functional with a detail-preserving anisotropic second-order smoothness term. Moreover, we extend the resulting model in such a way that it jointly estimates depth, albedo and illumination. This in turn makes the approach applicable to objects with non-uniform albedo as well as to scenes with unknown illumination. Experiments for synthetic and real-world images demonstrate the benefits of our combined approach: They not only show that our method is capable of generating very detailed reconstructions, but also that joint approaches are feasible in practice. KW - Stereo reconstruction KW - Shape from Shading KW - Variational methods KW - Illumination estimation KW - Albedo estimation KW - Joint reasoning Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-018-1079-1 SN - 0920-5691 SN - 1573-1405 VL - 126 IS - 12 SP - 1342 EP - 1366 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Maurer, Daniel A1 - Ju, Yong Chul A1 - Breuß, Michael A1 - Bruhn, Andrés T1 - Combining Shape from Shading and Stereo: A Variational Approach for the Joint Estimation of Depth, Illumination and Albedo N2 - Shape from shading (SfS) and stereo are two fundamentally different strategies for image-based 3-D reconstruction. While approaches for SfS infer the depth solely from pixel intensities, methods for stereo are based on a matching process that establishes correspondences across images. In this paper we propose a joint variational method that combines the advantages of both strategies. By integrating recent stereo and SfS models into a single minimisation framework, we obtain an approach that exploits shading information to improve upon the reconstruction quality of robust stereo methods. To this end, we fuse a Lambertian SfS approach with a robust stereo model and supplement the resulting energy functional with a detail-preserving anisotropic second-order smoothness term. Moreover, we extend the novel model in such a way that it jointly estimates depth, albedo and illumination. This in turn makes it applicable to objects with non-uniform albedo as well as to scenes with unknown illumination. Experiments for synthetic and real-world images show the advantages of our combined approach: While the stereo part overcomes the albedo-depth ambiguity inherent to all SfS methods, the SfS part improves the degree of details of the reconstruction compared to pure stereo methods. Y1 - 2016 N1 - Das Poster wurde auf der BMVC in York im September 2016 präsentiert PB - BMVA Press CY - York, UK ER - TY - GEN A1 - Tschöpe, Constanze A1 - Mühle, Maximilian A1 - Ju, Yong Chul A1 - Kraljevski, Ivan A1 - Wolff, Matthias T1 - Künstliche Intelligenz in der ZfP - Welchen Beitrag kann KI in der ZfP leisten? T2 - DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2021, 10.-11. Mai N2 - Künstliche Intelligenz zieht derzeit in alle Bereiche der Gesellschaft und des Lebens ein. Aber welchen Stellenwert hat sie momentan auf dem Gebiet der zerstörungsfreien Prüfung? Was kann KI leisten? Welche Herausforderungen müssen erfolgreich bewältigt werden? Gibt es das eine KI-Verfahren, welches prinzipiell für ZfP geeignet ist? Bei der Bauteil- und Materialprüfung während und unmittelbar nach der Herstellung, der Überwachung von Verschleißteilen in Maschinen und Anlagen oder der Schadensdetektion an Bauteilen und Komponenten liefern ZfP-Verfahren Daten, die bewertet werden müssen. Obwohl inzwischen sehr leistungsfähige Toolkits verfügbar sind, erfordert der optimale Einsatz der KI für ein ZfP-Verfahren oftmals mehr. Die meisten Kunden möchten nicht nur eine Lösung ihres Problems; sie wollen verstehen, warum die KI so und nicht anders entschieden hat, warum der Klassifikator das Bauteil einer bestimmten Klasse (z. B. gut/schlecht oder neuwertig/verschlissen/defekt) zugewiesen hat. Abhängig von der Klassifikationsaufgabe sowie der Art und der Anzahl der vorliegenden Daten kann ein geeignetes Verfahren bestimmt werden. Mit Methoden des maschinellen Lernens werden Modelle gebildet, welche die Basis für die KI-Verfahren zur Klassifikation bilden. Der Beitrag liefert einen Überblick über KI-Verfahren und deren Anwendungen in der zerstörungsfreien Prüfung. Zahlreiche Beispiele und Ergebnisse werden vorgestellt, um die Mannigfaltigkeit des Einsatzes in der ZfP und der bestehenden Möglichkeiten zu demonstrieren. Y1 - 2017 UR - https://jt2021.dgzfp.de/portals/jt2021/bb176/inhalt/autoren.htm#T SN - 978-3-947971-18-3 ER -