TY - GEN A1 - Bär, Marcus A1 - Klaer, Joachim A1 - Weinhardt, Lothar A1 - Wilks, Regan G. A1 - Krause, Stefan A1 - Blum, Monika A1 - Yang, Wan Li A1 - Heske, Clemens A1 - Schock, Hans-Werner T1 - Cu 2−x S Surface Phases and Their Impact on the Electronic Structure of CuInS 2 Thin Films – A Hidden Parameter in Solar Cell Optimization T2 - Advanced Energy Materials N2 - The surface properties of CuInS 2 (CIS) thin-fi lm solar cell absorbers are investigated by a combination of electron and soft X-ray spectroscopies. Spatially separated regions of varying colors are observed and identifi ed to be dominated by either CuS or Cu 2 S surface phases. After their removal by KCN etching, the samples cannot be distinguished by eye and the CIS surface is found to be Cu-defi cient in both regions. However, a signifi cantly more pronounced off-stoichiometry in the region initially covered by Cu 2 S can be identifi ed. In this region, the resulting surface band gap is also signifi cantly larger than the E g Surf of the initially CuS-terminated region. Such variations may represent a hidden parameter which, if overlooked, induces irreproducibility and thus prevents systematic optimization efforts. Y1 - 2013 SN - 1614-6840 VL - 3 IS - 6 SP - 777 EP - 781 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mezher, Michelle A1 - Garris, Rebekah A1 - Mansfield, Lorelle M. A1 - Blum, Monika A1 - Hauschild, Dirk A1 - Horsley, Kimberly A1 - Duncan, Douglas A. A1 - Yang, Wooyong A1 - Bär, Marcus A1 - Weinhardt, Lothar A1 - Ramanathan, Kannan A1 - Heske, Clemens T1 - Soft x-ray spectroscopy of a complex heterojunction in high-efficiency thin-film photovoltaics: Intermixing and Zn speciation at the Zn(O,S)/Cu(In,Ga)Se2 interface T2 - ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b09245 SN - 1944-8244 VL - 8 IS - 48 SP - 33256 EP - 33263 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jeyachandran, Y. L. A1 - Meyer, Frank A1 - Benkert, Andreas A1 - Bär, Marcus A1 - Blum, Monika A1 - Yang, Wooyong A1 - Reinert, Friedrich A1 - Heske, Clemens A1 - Weinhardt, Lothar A1 - Zharnikov, Michael T1 - Investigation of the ionic hydration in aqueous salt solutions by soft x‑ray emission spectroscopy T2 - Journal of Physical Chemistry B: Condensed Matter, Materials, Surfaces, Interfaces & Biophysical Chemistry Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b03952 SN - 1520-5207 SN - 1520-6106 VL - 120 IS - 31 SP - 7687 EP - 7695 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bär, Marcus A1 - Starr, David E. A1 - Lambertz, Andreas A1 - Holländer, B. A1 - Alsmeier, Jan Hendrik A1 - Weinhardt, Lothar A1 - Blum, Mia A1 - Gorgoi, Mihaela A1 - Yang, Wooyong A1 - Wilks, Regan G. A1 - Heske, Clemens ED - Eldada, Louay A. ED - Heben, Michael J. T1 - Microcrystalline silicon oxides for silicon-based solar cells: Impact of the O/Si ratio on the electronic structure T2 - Thin films for solar and energy technology VI : 17, 18 and 20 August 2014, San Diego, California, United States Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-1-62841-204-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2061902 PB - SPIE CY - Bellingham, Wash. ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bär, Marcus A1 - Couziniè-Devy, François A1 - Duarte, Roberto Felix A1 - Klaer, Joachim A1 - Pookpanratana, Sujitra A1 - Blum, Monika A1 - Zhang, Yi A1 - Denlinger, Jonathan D. A1 - Yang, Wanli A1 - Wilks, Regan G. A1 - Weinhardt, Lothar A1 - Schock, Hans-Werner A1 - Southerland Kessler, Jude A1 - Heske, Clemens T1 - The Heavily Intermixed In2S3/Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Interface as Revealed by Photoelectron and Soft X-ray Emission Spectroscopy T2 - 2013 IEEE 39th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, (PVSC 2013), Tampa, Florida, USA, 16 - 21 June 2013 Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-1-4799-3300-6 SN - 978-1-4799-3299-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2013.6744280 SP - 857 EP - 862 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway, NJ ER - TY - GEN A1 - Weinhardt, Lothar A1 - Fuchs, Oliver A1 - Fischer, André A1 - Weigand, Markus A1 - Meyer, Frank A1 - Benkert, Andreas A1 - Blum, Monika A1 - Bär, Marcus A1 - Pookpanratana, Sujitra A1 - Denlinger, Jonathan D. A1 - Heske, Clemens A1 - Umbach, Eberhard T1 - Site- and Symmetry-resolved Resonant X-ray Emission Study of a Highly-ordered PTCDA Thin Film T2 - The Journal of Physical Chemistry: C Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b12422 SN - 1932-7447 SN - 1932-7455 VL - 120 IS - 16 SP - 8607 EP - 8615 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mezher, Michelle A1 - Garris, Rebekah A1 - Mansfield, Lorelle M. A1 - Horsley, Kimberly A1 - Weinhardt, Lothar A1 - Duncan, Douglas A. A1 - Blum, Monika A1 - Rosenberg, Samantha G. A1 - Bär, Marcus A1 - Ramanathan, Kannan A1 - Heske, Clemens T1 - Electronic structure of the Zn(O,S)/Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ thin-film solar cell interface T2 - Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.2764 SN - 1099-159X VL - 24 IS - 8 SP - 1142 EP - 1148 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Benkert, Andreas A1 - Meyer, Frank A1 - Hauschild, Dirk A1 - Blum, Monika A1 - Yang, Wooyong A1 - Wilks, Regan G. A1 - Bär, Marcus A1 - Reinert, Friedrich A1 - Heske, Clemens A1 - Weinhardt, Lothar T1 - Isotope Effects in the Resonant Inelastic Soft X-ray Scattering Maps of Gas-Phase Methanol T2 - The Journal of Physical Chemistry: A Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.6b02636 SN - 1089-5639 SN - 1520-5215 VL - 120 IS - 14 SP - 2260 EP - 2267 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bär, Marcus A1 - Barreau, Nicolas A1 - Couzinié-Devy, François A1 - Weinhardt, Lothar A1 - Wilks, Regan G. A1 - Kessler, John A1 - Heske, Clemens T1 - Impact of annealing-induced intermixing on the electronic level alignment at the In₂S₃/Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ thin-film solar cell interface T2 - ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b10614 SN - 1944-8244 SN - 1944-8252 VL - 8 IS - 3 SP - 2120 EP - 2124 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Weinhardt, Lothar A1 - Ertan, Emelie A1 - Iannuzzi, Marcella A1 - Weigand, Markus A1 - Fuchs, Oliver A1 - Bär, Marcus A1 - Blum, Monika A1 - Denlinger, Jonathan D. A1 - Yang, Wooyong A1 - Umbach, Eberhard A1 - Odelius, Michael A1 - Heske, Clemens T1 - Probing hydrogen bonding orbitals: resonant inelastic soft X-ray scattering of aqueous NH₃ T2 - Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/C5CP04898B SN - 1463-9084 SN - 1463-9076 VL - 17 IS - 40 SP - 27145 EP - 27153 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Duncan, Douglas A. A1 - Kephart, Jason M. A1 - Horsley, Kimberly A1 - Blum, Monika A1 - Mezher, Michelle A1 - Weinhardt, Lothar A1 - Häming, Marc A1 - Wilks, Regan G. A1 - Hofmann, Timo A1 - Yang, Wanli A1 - Bär, Marcus A1 - Sampath, Walajabad S. A1 - Heske, Clemens T1 - Characterization of sulfur bonding in CdS:O buffer layers for CdTe-based thin-film solar cells T2 - ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b03503 SN - 1944-8244 SN - 1944-8252 VL - 7 IS - 30 SP - 16382 EP - 16386 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hauschild, Dirk A1 - Meyer, Frank A1 - Benkert, Andreas A1 - Kreikemeyer-Lorenzo, Dagmar A1 - Pohlner, Stephan A1 - Palm, Jörg A1 - Blum, Monika A1 - Yang, Wanli A1 - Wilks, Regan G. A1 - Bär, Marcus A1 - Heske, Clemens A1 - Weinhardt, Lothar A1 - Reinert, Friedrich T1 - Annealing-induced effects on the chemical structure of the In₂S₃/CuIn(S,Se)₂ thin-film solar cell interface T2 - The Journal of Physical Chemistry: C, Nanomaterials and interfaces Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b01622 SN - 1932-7447 SN - 1932-7455 VL - 119 IS - 19 SP - 10412 EP - 10416 ER -