TY - GEN A1 - Mochkabadi, Kazem A1 - Kleinert, Simon A1 - Urbig, Diemo A1 - Volkmann, Christine T1 - Innovativeness and Legitimacy in Equity Crowdfunding T2 - Academy of Management Proceedings N2 - In this study, we examine the link between new venture innovativeness and legitimacy. While legitimacy research often assumes that all new ventures suffer in the same way from the liability of newness, entrepreneurial ventures may differ substantially in their degree of innovativeness, introducing either highly new or relying on established technologies. We argue that radically innovative new ventures face severe liability of newness and therefore are less successful when raising early stage equity financing. Further, we argue that this negative effect should turn positive if the new ventures are able to showcase legitimacy. An observational and a complementary experimental study support our arguments. Surprisingly, for non-innovative or incremental innovative ventures establishing legitimacy seems to provide little gains. KW - New ventures KW - legitimacy KW - innovation KW - crowdfunding Y1 - 2020 UR - https://journals.aom.org/doi/pdf/10.5465/AMBPP.2020.49 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2020.49 N1 - best paper proceedings, that is, a 6 pages version of the study VL - 2020 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 6 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Urbig, Diemo A1 - Mühlfeld, Katrin Susanne A1 - Witteloostuijn, Arjen van T1 - Country Differences in Default Social Heuristics and the Foreign Language Effect T2 - Academy of Management Proceedings N2 - Individual-level effects of foreign language use on decision making are often related to shifts between more intuitive/heuristic and more deliberate/rational decision making. Intuitive behavior is substantially influenced by socialization and context. Consistently, meta-studies on the relationships between the use of intuition and specific behaviors in cooperation dilemmas reveal cross-country variation, suggesting that how foreign language use affects decision making might as well be highly dependent on the specific country context. This creates challenges to single-country studies. We, therefore, replicate in Germany a single-country study conducted in the Netherlands. While Germany and the Netherlands are quite similar on general cultural criteria, a recent meta-study on the use of heuristics in cooperation dilemmas suggests important differences regarding default social heuristics. This study thus aims at testing whether the cooperation-reducing effect of using English as a foreign language as found for the Netherlands generalizes across other country/mother tongue settings, which potentially differ considerably in terms of default social heuristics. An empirical comparison between Germany and the Netherlands replicates related effects from different types of experiments and supports the basic mechanism that supposedly underlies foreign language effects–i.e. a tendency towards more reflective decision making, independent of any specific heuristics–, but also suggests significant differences in ultimate outcomes, presumably due to cross-country differences in social heuristics. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2020.15110abstract VL - 2020 IS - 1 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Urbig, Diemo A1 - Bönte, Werner A1 - Procher, Vivien D. A1 - Lombardo, Sandro T1 - Entrepreneurs Embrace Competition: Evidence from a Lab-in-the-Field Study T2 - Academy of Management Proceedings N2 - Referring to Isreal M. Kirzner (1973) and Joseph A. Schumpeter (1934), who emphasized the competitive nature of entrepreneurship, this study investigates whether entrepreneurs are more competitive than non-entrepreneurs. We provide a conceptual framework that links entrepreneurship to three facets of individual competitiveness drawn from economic, entrepreneurship, and psychological research: a desire to win, striving for personal development, and an enjoyment of competition. Following recent economic research linking competitive behavior in experiments to career choices, we conduct a lab-in-the-field study and demonstrate that entrepreneurs are more likely to enter competitions than non-entrepreneurs. Accounting for individual desires to win and mastery-related achievement motivations, our results indicate that entrepreneurs tend to enter competition for the sake of competition itself rather than for the prospect of winning a competition or personal development in competition. Our results suggest that enjoyment of competition might be an additional factor driving entrepreneurs’ market entry decisions beyond well-known factors like overconfidence and risk taking. KW - Entrepreneurship KW - individual competitiveness KW - experiment Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2019.10157abstract VL - 2019 IS - 1 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Steinberg, Philip J. A1 - Sofka, Wolfgang A1 - Peeters, Thijs A1 - Procher, Vivien D. A1 - Urbig, Diemo T1 - Providing Contract Research Services and Firms’ Own Product Innovation Performance T2 - Academy of Management Proceedings N2 - Extant literature has largely assumed that firms providing research services to other firms as an inventor-for-hire will do so at the expense of developing their own product innovations. Given this assumption, it is surprising that many firms provide research services to other firms without compromising their own flow of product innovations. In this study, we provide a systematic logic that connects the inventor-for-hire services that firms provide to others with the firms’ own product innovation performance. We hypothesize that opportunistic gains from providing contract research eventually enable firms to increase their product innovation performance. Furthermore, we suggest that this increase will be stronger for technology leaders and will be weaker for firms with a strong engagement in basic research. We test our hypotheses on a panel of 1,006 firms over 2005 to 2013 and find support for our hypotheses. Y1 - 2019 UR - https://journals.aom.org/doi/abs/10.5465/AMBPP.2019.19667abstract U6 - https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2019.19667abstract SN - 2151-6561 VL - Vol. 2019 IS - 1 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bönte, Werner A1 - Urbig, Diemo ED - Lehmann, Erik E. ED - Keilbach, Max T1 - Connecting People and Knowledge: Knowledge Spillovers, Cognitive Biases, and Entrepreneurship T2 - From Industrial Organization to Entrepreneurship N2 - Having served under David at the Max Planck Institute in Jena, the authors witnessed first hand as he worked to build up entrepreneurship as an academic discipline. While he was building this community in the field writ-large, he was also building a strong network of entrepreneurship scholars within the team itself. While reflecting upon the benefits of cognitive biases such as optimism for entrepreneurial knowledge spillovers and demonstrating context-dependency of the benefits and drawbacks of cognitive biases, the authors also connect this to how they have experienced David’s way of developing a research network. KW - Entrepreneurship KW - cognitive biases KW - social learning Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-030-25236-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25237-3_34 SP - 385 EP - 397 PB - Springer, Cham CY - Switzerland ET - 1. edition ER - TY - GEN A1 - Reif, Karina A1 - Gegenhuber, Thomas Karl A1 - Urbig, Diemo A1 - Bürger, Robin T1 - Can radicals get a seat on the negotiation table? A Dynamic Perspective on Legitimation Processes T2 - Academy of Management Proceedings N2 - The growing body of the cultural entrepreneurship literature seeks to understand how actors facing the liability of newness gain legitimacy in the eyes of resource holding audiences. However, less is known about how dynamics play out overtime when an actor with a lack of legitimacy seeks to regain it. In this paper, we conduct a qualitative, in-depth case study of a radical soccer fan community facing an identity-threatening political decision (i.e., relocating their fan zone within their stadium). Realizing that they lack a seat on the negotiation table and their traditional forms of protest bore no fruits, they launched a crowdfunding campaign to promote their cause (i.e., keeping the fan zone). The radicals successfully raised money and - even more important - convinced several national and international audiences, ultimately resulting in a legitimacy gain in the critical local political audience's eyes. This paper demonstrates how digital artifacts such as crowdfunding serve as a mechanism for dissociating with illegitimate elements while reconfiguring the links with the environment to gain legitimacy. Moreover, we demonstrate that actors with a lack of legitimacy first need to gain endorsements from other actors before turning to the actor holding the most critical resource. KW - Soccer KW - Legitimacy KW - Crowdfunding Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2021.14300abstract SN - 0065-0668 SN - 2151-6561 VL - 2021 IS - 1 PB - Academy of Management ER - TY - GEN A1 - Urbig, Diemo A1 - Reif, Karina A1 - Lengsfeld, Stephan A1 - Procher, Vivien D. T1 - Promoting or Preventing Entrepreneurship? Employers’ perceptions of and reactions to employees’ entrepreneurial side jobs T2 - Technological Forecasting and Social Change N2 - Many entrepreneurs start their businesses while staying employed. Although such businesses are theorized to have positive and negative effects on employers’ businesses, employers’ perceptions and reactions to subordinates’ entrepreneurial side businesses are mostly unexplored. Based on a vignette study of 988 managers, we find that employers acknowledge both opportunities related to increased job performance and job attitudes as well as threats emerging from enterprising employees. Employers’ prior experiences with enterprising employees make them perceive positive consequences as more likely. Situational factors affect the outcome expectancies and moderate the relationships between these outcome expectancies and employer behavior. We discuss implications of our findings for fostering entrepreneurial mindsets in established organizations and for the emergence of entrepreneurship. KW - Entrepreneurship KW - Second-job entrepreneurship KW - hybrid entrepreneurship KW - employer KW - corporate entrepreneurship Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121032 SN - 0040-1625 VL - 172 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Steinberg, Philip J. A1 - Urbig, Diemo A1 - Procher, Vivien D. A1 - Volkmann, Christine T1 - Knowledge transfer and home-market innovativeness: A comparison of emerging and advanced economy multinationals T2 - Journal of International Management N2 - Emerging market multinational enterprises (EMNEs) increasingly access foreign technology and knowledge by internationalizing their R&D activities. Since technological laggardness hinders efficient knowledge transfer, a successful catch-up with advanced-economy multinational enterprises (AMNEs) requires EMNEs to transfer foreign knowledge across national boundaries more effectively. However, we lack a clear understanding of how EMNEs manage this knowledge transfer and integration and to what extent the employment and effectiveness of corresponding facilitation mechanisms may differ from AMNEs. Adopting a sender-recipient model and drawing on arguments from learning theory and transaction costs economics, we suggest that EMNEs benefit more from and, consequently, are more likely to engage in mechanisms to increase recipient capabilities and sender motivation. In a comparative analysis of Chinese, Indian, German, and U.S. MNEs and focusing on frequent international exchange of R&D personnel regarding recipient capabilities and the governance of foreign R&D activities regarding sender motivation, we observe positive relationships with home-market innovation for EMNEs, but not for AMNEs. Moreover, we observe that EMNEs exploit this positive effect and are more likely to use these mechanisms when focusing on technology- than on market-seeking. KW - Innovation KW - Research and development KW - catch-up strategies KW - knowledge transfer KW - knowledge integration KW - emerging market KW - multinational enterprises KW - technological upgrading Y1 - 2021 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1075425321000533 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2021.100873 SN - 1075-4253 VL - 27 IS - 4 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Urbig, Diemo A1 - Procher, Vivien D. A1 - Steinberg, Philip J. A1 - Volkmann, Christine T1 - The role of firm-level and country-level antecedents in explaining emerging versus advanced economy multinationals' R&D internationalization strategies T2 - International Business Review N2 - We examined firm-level and country-level antecedents of R&D internationalization strategies, focusing on differences between enterprises in emerging and advanced economies. Previous research often focuses on the relative importance of home-base-exploiting versus home-base-augmenting knowledge transfer strategies. We suggest that country-level and firm-level effects differ for the two strategies, and hence, we examined each strategy independently. Collecting data in China, India, the United States, and Germany, we demonstrated that firms' relative technological position as a firm-level characteristic can explain differences in home-base-exploiting strategies between emerging and advanced economies. In contrast, home-base-augmenting is more closely related to exploratory institutional environments, a country-level factor. Thus, either firm- or country-level antecedents can gain a dominant role, depending on the strategy implemented. KW - Emerging-economy multinational companies KW - Institutional environment KW - Home-base-exploiting KW - Home-base-augmenting KW - Innovation KW - R&D Internationalization Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969593121001724 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2021.101954 SN - 0969-5931 VL - 31 IS - 3 SP - 1 EP - 14 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Klein, Sarah A1 - Urbig, Diemo T1 - The motivational effects of hope on effort: Hope for success with or without effort T2 - Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings N2 - Existing research focuses on hope as a motivational driver for personal effort. We argue that hope can facilitate individuals’ decisions for and against effort, depending on specific conditions. Based on a vignette study with 350 subjects, we test this suggestion with a scenario where a person decides for or against an effortful training that experts consider appropriate for that person, presuming that one could hope for success based on training but also for success without training. We find that hope can leverage individuals’ decisions to engage in and avoid effortful behavior. Moreover, ambiguity in a behavioral outcome strengthens the effect of hope on the likelihood of choosing the corresponding behavior. Separating internal from a more general kind of hope, we find that hope for success by training is mainly driven by internal hope but hope without training relates less to internal hope. Carefully separating the effects of hope from the effects of optimism, our study highlights the relevance of hope beyond optimism. KW - Hope KW - Optimism KW - Decision-making KW - Choice KW - Training KW - Effort Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5465/AMPROC.2023.15106abstract SN - 2151-6561 SN - 0065-0668 VL - 2023 IS - 1 PB - Academy of Management ER -