TY - CHAP A1 - Zaplata, Markus Klemens A1 - Kollmann, Johannes A1 - Ulrich, Werner A1 - Winter, Susanne A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Elmer, Michael A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Fischer, Anton ED - Jeltsch, Florian ED - Joshi, Jasmin T1 - Cover balance or degree of autocorrelation? It is the same and integratively traces pattern formation during succession T2 - GfÖ 43rd Annual Meeting, Building bridges in ecology, linking systems, scales and disciplines, September 9 to 13, 2013, Potsdam, Germany N2 - It is widely acknowledged that increasing complexity is a key attribute of ecosystem genesis. This is particularly true for primary succession on homogeneous substrates. However, a mechanistic understanding of spatial colonisation and pattern formation during primary succession has not been achieved yet. Thus, we studied this topic for 7 years within an experimental catchment (6 ha) established in the post-mining landscape of eastern Germany. Equidistant permanent plots (120 plots à 25m²) allowed for autocorrelation analyses, and thus tracing the spatial development of species cover performance. For each species tested, the “cover balance” first increased due to colonization, while decreasing in the course of succession. Drawing a benefit from these temporal trends, we suggested cover balance levels revealed by autocorrelation analyses to best indicate well-defined phases in primary succession at spatial entities. Hence, with the help of this spatial approach, terrestrial succession can be understood now much better at the most general level of the hierarchy provided by Pickett et al. (1987). In accordance with these authors, at subordinated levels of the causal hierarchy differential species performance might get collectively explained by contributing processes or conditions, such as ecophysiological traits, life history strategies, competition and allelopathy of the occurring plant species. Further research is needed to understand their relative contributions to the pattern formation. Y1 - 2013 UR - http://www.gfoe-2013.de/download/130905_GFOe_2013_Abstracts.small.pdf SP - 228 EP - 229 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ulrich, Rainer G. A1 - Schlegel, Matthias A1 - Mertens, Marc A1 - Groschup, Martin H. A1 - Schmidt-Chanasit, Jonas A1 - Plenge-Bönig, Anita A1 - Jacob, Jens A1 - Pelz, Hans-Joachim A1 - Freise, Jona A1 - Wenk, Matthias A1 - Thiel, Jörg A1 - Triebenbacher, Cornelia A1 - Schmolz, Eric A1 - Kurth, Andreas A1 - Krüger, Frank A1 - Rühe, Ferdinand A1 - Kiffner, Christian A1 - Ansorge, Hermann A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Wegener, Wolfgang A1 - Müller, Jörg A1 - Bemmann, Margit A1 - Wolf, Ronny A1 - Otto, Lutz-Florian A1 - Oehme, Rainer A1 - Pfeffer, Martin A1 - Heckel, Gerald A1 - Schex, Susanne A1 - Essbauer, Sandra S. T1 - Netzwerk Nagetier-übertragene Pathogene: Monitoring von Hantavirus-Infektionen in Deutschland T2 - Wildhygiene, Wildtierkrankheiten, Parasiten, Epidemiologie Y1 - 2009 SN - 978-378-88131-2-3 SN - 1436-3895 SP - 229 EP - 250 PB - Ges. für Wildtier- und Jagdforschung CY - Halle/Saale ER - TY - GEN A1 - Huber, Christoph A1 - Dreber, Anna A1 - Huber, Jürgen A1 - Johannesson, Magnus A1 - Kirchler, Michael A1 - Weitzel, Utz A1 - Abellán, Miguel A1 - Adayeva, Xeniya A1 - Ay, Fehime Ceren A1 - Barron, Kai A1 - Berry, Zachariah A1 - Bönte, Werner A1 - Brütt, Katharina A1 - Bulutay, Muhammed A1 - Campos-Mercade, Pol A1 - Cardella, Eric A1 - Claassen, Maria Almudena A1 - Cornelissen, Gert A1 - Dawson, Ian G. J. A1 - Delnoij, Joyce A1 - Demiral, Elif E. A1 - Dimant, Eugen A1 - Doerflinger, Johannes Theodor A1 - Dold, Malte A1 - Emery, Cécile A1 - Fiala, Lenka A1 - Fiedler, Susann A1 - Freddi, Eleonora A1 - Fries, Tilman A1 - Gasiorowska, Agata A1 - Glogowsky, Ulrich A1 - Gorny, Paul Matthias A1 - Gretton, Jeremy David A1 - Grohmann, Antonia A1 - Hafenbrädl, Sebastian A1 - Handgraaf, Michel A1 - Hanoch, Yaniv A1 - Hart, Einav A1 - Hennig, Max A1 - Hudja, Stanton A1 - Hütter, Mandy A1 - Hyndman, Kyle A1 - Ioannidis, Konstantinos A1 - Isler, Ozan A1 - Jeworrek, Sabrina A1 - Jolles, Daniel A1 - Juanchich, Marie A1 - Raghabendra, Pratap K.C. A1 - Khadjavi, Menusch A1 - Kugler, Tamar A1 - Li, Shuwen A1 - Lucas, Brian A1 - Mak, Vincent A1 - Mechtel, Mario A1 - Merkle, Christoph A1 - Meyers, Ethan Andrew A1 - Mollerstrom, Johanna A1 - Nesterov, Alexander A1 - Neyse, Levent A1 - Nieken, Petra A1 - Nussberger, Anne-Marie A1 - Palumbo, Helena A1 - Peters, Kim A1 - Pirrone, Angelo A1 - Qin, Xiangdong A1 - Rahal, Rima Maria A1 - Rau, Holger A1 - Rincke, Johannes A1 - Ronzani, Piero A1 - Roth, Yefim A1 - Saral, Ali Seyhun A1 - Schmitz, Jan A1 - Schneider, Florian A1 - Schram, Arthur A1 - Schudy, Simeon A1 - Schweitzer, Maurice E. A1 - Schwieren, Christiane A1 - Scopelliti, Irene A1 - Sirota, Miroslav A1 - Sonnemans, Joep A1 - Soraperra, Ivan A1 - Spantig, Lisa A1 - Steimanis, Ivo A1 - Steinmetz, Janina A1 - Suetens, Sigrid A1 - Theodoropoulou, Andriana A1 - Urbig, Diemo A1 - Vorlaufer, Tobias A1 - Waibel, Joschka A1 - Woods, Daniel A1 - Yakobi, Ofir A1 - Yilmaz, Onurcan A1 - Zaleskiewicz, Tomasz A1 - Zeisberger, Stefan A1 - Holzmeister, Felix T1 - Competition and moral behavior: A meta-analysis of forty-five crowd-sourced experimental designs T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences N2 - Does competition affect moral behavior? This fundamental question has been debated among leading scholars for centuries, and more recently, it has been tested in experimental studies yielding a body of rather inconclusive empirical evidence. A potential source of ambivalent empirical results on the same hypothesis is design heterogeneity—variation in true effect sizes across various reasonable experimental research protocols. To provide further evidence on whether competition affects moral behavior and to examine whether the generalizability of a single experimental study is jeopardized by design heterogeneity, we invited independent research teams to contribute experimental designs to a crowd-sourced project. In a large-scale online data collection, 18,123 experimental participants were randomly allocated to 45 randomly selected experimental designs out of 95 submitted designs. We find a small adverse effect of competition on moral behavior in a meta-analysis of the pooled data. The crowd-sourced design of our study allows for a clean identification and estimation of the variation in effect sizes above and beyond what could be expected due to sampling variance. We find substantial design heterogeneity—estimated to be about 1.6 times as large as the average standard error of effect size estimates of the 45 research designs—indicating that the informativeness and generalizability of results based on a single experimental design are limited. Drawing strong conclusions about the underlying hypotheses in the presence of substantive design heterogeneity requires moving toward much larger data collections on various experimental designs testing the same hypothesis. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2215572120 SN - 0027-8424 SN - 1091-6490 VL - 120 IS - 23 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zaplata, Markus Klemens A1 - Winter, Susanne A1 - Fischer, Anton A1 - Kollmann, Johannes A1 - Ulrich, Werner T1 - Species-driven phases and increasing structure in early-successional plant communities T2 - The American Naturalist N2 - Successional phases describe changes in ecological communities that proceed in steps rather than continuously. Despite their importance for the understanding of ecosystem development, there still exists no reliable definition of phases and no quantitative measure of phase transitions. In order to obtain these data, we investigated primary succession in an artificial catchment (6 ha) in eastern Germany over a period of 6 years. The data set consists of records of plant species and their cover values, and initial substrate properties, both from plots in a regular grid (20 m × 20 m) suitable for spatial data analysis. Community assembly was studied by analyses of species co-occurrence and nestedness. Additionally, we correlated lognormal and log series distributions of species abundance to each community. We here introduce a new general method for detection of successional phases based on the degree of transient spatial homogeneity in the study system. Spatially coherent vegetation patterns revealed non-overlapping partitions within this sequence of primary succession and were characterized as two distinct ecological phases. Patterns of species co-occurrence were increasingly less random, and hence the importance of demographic stochasticity and neutral community assembly decreased during the study period. Our findings highlight the spatial dimension of successional phases and quantify the degree of change between these steps. They are an element for advancing a more reliable terminology of ecological successions. KW - spatial analysis Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1086/668571 VL - Vol. 181 IS - 1 SP - E17 EP - E27 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ulrich, Werner A1 - Batáry, Péter A1 - Baudry, Julia A1 - Beaumelle, Léa A1 - Bucher, Roman A1 - Čerevková, Andrea A1 - Garcia de la Riva, Enrique A1 - Felipe-Lucia, Maria R. A1 - Gallé, Róbert A1 - Kesse-Guyot, Emmanuelle A1 - Rembiałkowska, Ewa A1 - Rusch, Adrien A1 - Stanley, Dara A1 - Birkhofer, Klaus T1 - From biodiversity to health: Quantifying the impact of diverse ecosystems on human well-being T2 - People and Nature Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/pan3.10421 SN - 2575-8314 VL - 5 IS - 1 SP - 69 EP - 83 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Garcia de la Riva, Enrique A1 - Ulrich, Werner A1 - Batáry, Péter A1 - Baudry, Julia A1 - Beaumelle, Léa A1 - Bucher, Roman A1 - Čerevková, Andrea A1 - Felipe-Lucia, Maria R. A1 - Gallé, Róbert A1 - Kesse-Guyot, Emmanuelle A1 - Rembiałkowska, Ewa A1 - Rusch, Adrien A1 - Seufert, Verena A1 - Stanley, Dara A1 - Birkhofer, Klaus T1 - From functional diversity to human well-being: A conceptual framework for agroecosystem sustainability T2 - Agricultural Systems Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2023.103659 SN - 1873-2267 SN - 0308-521X VL - 208 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ulrich, Werner A1 - Piwczynski, Marcin A1 - Zaplata, Markus Klemens A1 - Winter, Susanne A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Fischer, Anton T1 - Small-scale spatial variability in phylogenetic community structure during early plant succession depends on soil properties T2 - Oecologia N2 - During early plant succession, the phylogenetic structure of a community changes in response to important environmental filters and emerging species interactions. We traced the development of temperate-zone plant communities during the first 7 years of primary succession on catchment soils to explore patterns of initial species assembly. We found pronounced small-scale differences in the phylogenetic composition of neighbouring plant assemblages and a large-scale trend towards phylogenetic evenness. This small-scale variability appears to be mediated by soil properties, particularly carbonate content. Therefore, abiotic environmental conditions might counteract or even supersede the effects of interspecific competition among closely related species, which are usually predicted to exhibit patterns of phylogenetic evenness. We conclude that theories on phylogenetic community composition need to incorporate effects of small-scale variability of environmental factors. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-014-2954-2 VL - 175 IS - 3 SP - 985 EP - 995 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ulrich, Werner A1 - Zaplata, Markus Klemens A1 - Winter, Susanne A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Fischer, Anton A1 - Soliveres, Santiago A1 - Gotelli, Nicholas J. T1 - Species interactions and random dispersal rather than habitat filtering drive community assembly during early plant succession T2 - Oikos N2 - Theory on plant succession predicts a temporal increase in the complexity of spatial community structure and of competitive interactions: initially random occurrences of early colonising species shift towards spatially and competitively structured plant associations in later successional stages. Here we use long-term data on early plant succession in a German post mining area to disentangle the importance of random colonisation, habitat filtering, and competition on the temporal and spatial development of plant community structure. We used species co-occurrence analysis and a recently developed method for assessing competitive strength and hierarchies (transitive versus intransitive competitive orders) in multispecies communities. We found that species turnover decreased through time within interaction neighbourhoods, but increased through time outside interaction neighbourhoods. Successional change did not lead to modular community structure. After accounting for species richness effects, the strength of competitive interactions and the proportion of transitive competitive hierarchies increased through time. Although effects of habitat filtering were weak, random colonization and subsequent competitive interactions had strong effects on community structure. Because competitive strength and transitivity were poorly correlated with soil characteristics, there was little evidence for context dependent competitive strength associated with intransitive competitive hierarchies. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.02658 VL - 125 IS - 5 SP - 698 EP - 707 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ulrich, Werner A1 - Piwczynski, Marcin A1 - Zaplata, Markus Klemens A1 - Winter, Susanne A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Fischer, Anton T1 - Soil conditions and phylogenetic relatedness influence total community trait space during early plant succession T2 - Journal of Plant Ecology N2 - The total space of traits covered by the members of plant communities is an important parameter of ecosystem functioning and complexity. We trace the variability of trait space during early plant succession and ask how trait space co-varies with phylogenetic community structure and soil conditions. Particularly, we are interested in the small-scale variability in trait space and the influence of biotic and abiotic filters. We use data on species richness and soil conditions from the first 7 years of initial succession of an artificial catchment in north-eastern Germany. Total functional attribute diversity serves as a proxy to total trait space. Total trait space steadily increased during succession. We observed high small-scale variability in total trait space that was positively correlated with species richness and phylogenetic segregation and negatively correlated with total plant cover. Trait space increased with soil carbonate content, while pH and the fraction of sandy material behaved indifferently. Our results indicate that during early succession, habitat filtering processes gain importance leading to a lesser increase in trait space than expected from the increase in species richness alone. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtt048 VL - 7 IS - 4 SP - 321 EP - 329 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Winter, Susanne A1 - Zaplata, Markus Klemens A1 - Rzanny, Michael A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Fischer, Anton A1 - Ulrich, Werner T1 - Increasing ecological multifunctionality during early plant succession T2 - Plant Ecology N2 - Ecological multifunctionality quantifies the functional performance of various important plant traits and increases with growing structural habitat heterogeneity, number of plant functional traits, and species richness. However, the successional changes in multifunctionality have not been traced so far. We use quantitative plant samples of 1 m2 plots from the first 6 years of initial vegetation dynamics in a German created catchment to infer the temporal changes in plant functional trait space and multifunctionality. Multifunctionality at the plot level was in all study years lower than expected from a random sample of the local pool of potential colonizers and was lowest at intermediate states of succession. In each year species containing a specific set of traits occurred with limited but focused functionality. The observed average low degree of multifunctionality contrasts with recent models predicting a tendency towards maximum multifunctionality during plant community development. However, variability in multifunctionality among plots increased during succession and the respective multifunctionality distribution among plots was increasingly right skewed indicating an excess of plots with relatively high multifunctionality. This relative excess of plots with high multifunctionality might act as an important trigger of community development paving the way for new species and functions to become established. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-019-00930-3 SN - 1573-5052 VL - 220 IS - 4-5 SP - 499 EP - 509 ER -