TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Yangwen A1 - Schauer, Thomas A1 - Wernicke, Laurenz A1 - Wulff, Wulf A1 - Bleicher, Achim T1 - Facade-Integrated Semi-Active Vibration Control for Wind-Excited Super-Slender Tall Buildings T2 - IFAC-PapersOnLine - 21th IFAC World Congress N2 - Nowadays, skyscrapers are getting higher and more slender due to inner-city concentration, which makes the structure more susceptible to dynamic excitations. The design of super-slender skyscrapers is governed primarily by wind excitation. A traditional Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) has been installed in many skyscrapers to mitigate wind-induced vibrations, which has been proven to be very reliable. However, it needs large additional mass and huge installation space near the top of the building, which makes TMD not optimal for superslender skyscrapers. In this paper, a semi-active distributed-Multiple Tuned Facade Damper (d-MTFD) using movable facade elements as damping mass is investigated. The facade elements at the upper stories of the building are parallel movable to the primary structure. Electrical Machines (EM) as variable damper are integrated in their connections to realize semi-active vibration control, which makes the system more effective and robust. For real application, a practical design criterion is that the relative displacement of the facade elements cannot be too large, otherwise it makes the occupants feel uncomfortable. Therefore, multi-objective Genetic Algorithm (GA)-optimized on-off groundhook semi-active control is applied, where two control objectives are optimized. One control objective is to minimize the peak top floor acceleration and the other control objective is to minimize the maximum peak relative displacement of all the facade elements. As a result, a Pareto Front shows that better vibration suppression performance and smaller facade relative displacement can be achieved using the multi-objective optimized controller. Y1 - 2020 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405896320321819 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2020.12.1585 SN - 2405-8963 VL - 53 IS - 2 SP - 8395 EP - 8400 CY - Berlin ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Yangwen A1 - Schauer, Thomas A1 - Wernicke, Laurenz A1 - Vrontos, Apostolos A1 - Engelmann, Michael A1 - Wulff, Wulf A1 - Bleicher, Achim T1 - Design of Moveable Facade Elements for Energy Harvesting and Vibration Control of Super Slender Tall Buildings under Wind Excitation T2 - POWERSKIN Conference Proceedings, München N2 - Tall buildings are increasingly built worldwide due to significant economic benefits in dense urban land use. But super-slender tall buildings are very susceptible to wind excitation. Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) and distributed-Multiple Tuned Mass Damper (d-MTMD) have been widely investigated passively and actively and proven to be e cient solutions to mitigate the structure vibration. However, they both need additional mass and huge installation space near the top of the building. In this contribution, a new semi-active distributed-Multiple Tuned Façade Damper (d-MTFD) is investigated that employs the mass of the outer skin of a Double-Skin Façade (DSF) as damping mass. The outer skin of DSF at the upper storeys of the building are parallel moveable to the inner skin fixed on the primary structure. A design criterion besides the damping of the primary structure vibration is that the relative displacement of the outer skin with respect to the inner skin fixed on the primary structure should not be too large. Otherwise, it makes the occupants feel uncomfortable and imposes too high constructional demands. Therefore, on-o ground-hook control is investigated, where the two control objectives are optimized using genetic algorithms. One control objective is to minimize the peak top floor acceleration, and the other control objective is to reduce the maximum peak relative displacement of all the moveable outer skins. This multi-objective optimization results in a Pareto Front, which allows choosing controller settings that yield a good trade-o between both objectives. The approach has been first validated in a simulation with a 306 m benchmark building for a wind speed of 13,5 m/s at 10 m above ground level with a return period of 10 years. Acceptable peak top floor accelerations for hotel usage and a maximal displacement between the primary structure and the moveable outer skin less than ± 0.5 m could be achieved despite the presence of rolling friction. The variable damping coe cients for the on-o ground-hook control can be realized by means of a stepper motor in each moveable DSF element which acts as a generator using customized power electronics for energy harvesting. An open research question is if the harvested energy will be su cient for enabling a self-sustainable operation of the embedded control system and power electronics. Further validations will be carried out in Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL) simulations in which a currently built prototype of one moveable DSF element will be physically connected to the simulation of the benchmark building. Y1 - 2021 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/351688994_Design_of_Moveable_Facade_Elements_for_Energy_Harvesting_and_Vibration_Control_of_Super_Slender_Tall_Buildings_under_Wind_Excitation SN - 978-94-6366-406-6 SP - 327 EP - 338 PB - TU Delft Open CY - MUNICH ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bleicher, Achim A1 - Schauer, Thomas A1 - Jirasek, Robert A1 - Höltke, Tim A1 - Zhang, Yangwen A1 - Marker, Paul A1 - Wulff, Wulf A1 - Manfrecola, Johannes A1 - Schmidt, Therese T1 - Hybride Konstruktionen an der BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg T2 - Bautechnik N2 - Die angestrebten Ziele einer Ressourcen- und Klimaneutralität erfordern ein radikaleres Umdenken der Bauschaffenden, das mit einer noch viel stärkeren Sensibilisierung der Auftraggeber für die Auswirkungen des Material- und Energieverbrauchs im Bausektor verbunden ist. Ein Ansatz, um diese Ziele zu erreichen, sind hybride Konstruktionen, in denen unterschiedliche Materialien, Elemente, Funktionen und Technologien auf mehreren Konstruktionsebenen ressourcen- und energieeffizient kombiniert sowie im Fall eines Rückbaus sortenrein rezykliert werden. Dieser anspruchsvolle Ansatz ist von Beginn an erklärtes Ziel des Lehrstuhls Hybride Konstruktionen – Massivbau an der BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg und zieht sich durch alle Lehr- und Forschungsaktivitäten. Mit ausgewählten Forschungsprojekten werden Motivation und Methoden hybrider Konstruktionen sowie deren Potenzial für ressourcen- und klimaneutrale Konstruktionen anhand von Prototypen aufgezeigt. Hierbei steht neben der ökologischen Weiterentwicklung klassischer hybrider Konstruktionen aus nachwachsenden und rezyklierten Rohstoffen, bspw. Holz und Recyclingbeton, auch die Entwicklung aktiver hybrider Konstruktionen im Fokus. Die gezielte Integration von aktiven Technologien wie Sensorik, Aktuatorik und Regelungstechnik ermöglicht multifunktionale Konstruktionen, einen hohen Nutzungskomfort, einen geringeren Rohstoffverbrauch bis hin zur Energiegewinnung aus dynamischen Einwirkungen. Y1 - 2021 UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/bate.202100056 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/bate.202100056 SN - 1437-0999 VL - 98 IS - 12 SP - 907 EP - 920 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Yangwen A1 - Schauer, Thomas A1 - Bleicher, Achim T1 - Optimized passive/semi-active vibration control using distributed-multiple tuned facade damping system in tall buildings T2 - Journal of Building Engineering N2 - To reduce wind-induced vibrations, Tuned Mass Dampers (TMD) are widely used in high-rise buildings. However, traditional TMD system requires large additional damping mass and huge installation space at the top floors of the building. In this paper, a novel distributed-Multiple Tuned Facade Damping (d-MTFD) system is investigated. This system employs the outer skin mass of the Double-Skin Facade (DSF) as the damping mass. In the upper stories, the DSF’s outer skin, mounted on a guide rail system, is designed to be parallel moveable. The passive/semi-active d-MTFD system, which is assumed to be installed on a 76-story benchmark building under across-wind excitation, is optimized using multi-objective Genetic Algorithms (GA) for two defined objectives: minimizing the peak top floor acceleration and controlling the maximum peak relative displacement of all the moveable DSF’s outer skins. On-off groundhook control and displacement-reducing bang-bang control are used as semi-active control strategies. The rolling friction caused by the guide rail system has a considerable impact on the optimization results. These results are presented in the form of Pareto fronts. Optimized parameters can be selected to yield a good trade-off between both objectives. The optimized passive/semi-active d-MTFD systems can highly improve the structural response. Compared with the optimized passive d-MTFD system, the use of semi-active control can reduce the vibration of the DSF’s outer skin significantly. Comparing the selected optimized cases with similar peak top floor acceleration, the peak top floor facade relative displacement using displacement-reducing bang-bang control decreases 58.3%, and the Root Mean Square (RMS) value decreases 61.4%. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352710222004296 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2022.104416 SN - 2352-7102 VL - 52 SP - 104416 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Yangwen A1 - Wulff, Wulf A1 - Wernicke, Laurenz A1 - Engelmann, Michael A1 - Schauer, Thomas A1 - Bleicher, Achim T1 - Moveable Facade Elements for Sustainable High-rise Buildings T2 - IABSE Congress Nanjing 2022 - Bridges and Structures: Connection, Integration and Harmonisation N2 - This paper presents a sustainable semi-active distributed-Multiple Tuned Facade Damping (d-MTFD) system that utilizes the existing mass of the Double-Skin Facade's outer skin as damping mass to mitigate structural vibrations caused by wind excitation. Based on this concept, a prototype with one full-scale parallel moveable facade element has been developed, built, and validated. A stepper motor working together with its connected energy harvesting circuit is innovatively applied as an adjustable electrical damper and simultaneously as an energy harvester. Its feasibility has been proven through experiments using Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL) simulations. An energy harvesting efficiency of 75% was achieved by using a two-stage power converter as the energy harvesting circuit. The self-sufficiency of the semi-active d-MTFD system was achieved. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/364162446_Moveable_Facade_Elements_for_Sustainable_High-rise_Buildings SN - 978-3-85748-184-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2749/nanjing.2022.1046 SP - 1046 EP - 1054 CY - Nanjing, China ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Yangwen A1 - Wulff, Wulf A1 - Wernicke, Laurenz A1 - Engelmann, Michael A1 - Schauer, Thomas A1 - Bleicher, Achim T1 - Experimental identification and verification of a moveable facade element for energy harvesting and vibration control T2 - Journal of Building Engineering N2 - The distributed-Multiple Tuned Facade Damping (d-MTFD) system was proposed to effectively reduce wind-induced vibrations of high-rise buildings by using the parallel moveable outer skin of the Double-Skin Facade (DSF) as damping mass. A full-scale prototype with a moveable (kinetic) DSF element has been built for first experimental tests using Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL) simulations. The parallel moveability of the DSF’s outer skin is achieved by mounting it on a smooth-running guide rail system. A stepper motor is applied as an adjustable electrical damper and simultaneously serves as an energy harvester. By using grey-box system identification, all the parameters of the prototype can be accurately estimated. For example, a low equivalent friction ratio of 0.0022 was estimated. The identified model achieved high fitness values (80% to 91%) compared to the measured data, providing the basis for the reliability of the experimental tests using HiL. The prototype is the hardware part of the HiL simulations, which is connected to the simulation part, namely, a 76-story, 306 m high benchmark building assumed to be installed with the d-MTFD system. The feasibility of using a stepper motor as an adjustable electrical damper for semi-active control has been successfully validated based on the HiL simulations. By using semi-active control, the relative displacement of the DSF’s outer skin can be significantly reduced by about 35% compared with using passive control. Energy harvesting performance has also been investigated. The average energy harvesting efficiency of the power electronics was experimentally determined as approximately 75%. With consideration of all the parasitic damping in the connection, the average energy harvesting efficiency was about 50%. For tests under across-wind excitation with a return period of 10 years, the self-sufficient operation of the semi-active d-MTFD system was proven to be achievable based on the prototype results. The average harvested power of the whole benchmark building (with 1000 moveable facade elements) can be predicted as 1.3 kW. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352710222017181 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2022.105712 SN - 2352-7102 VL - 65 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jirasek, Robert A1 - Schauer, Thomas A1 - Bleicher, Achim T1 - Linear parameter-varying output-feedback for active vibration control of an elastic kinetic roof structure with experimental validation T2 - Engineering Structures N2 - Elastic kinetics are an approach to design transformable lightweight structures with a stable transformation process. The transformation is realized through elastic bending of structural members by exploiting the compliant material behavior. This lightweight and flexible design comes at the cost of increased sensitivity to static and dynamic disturbances. However, most of the current research focuses on the principles of elastic kinetic transformation instead of effective disturbance mitigation. This work focuses on dynamic disturbance mitigation for such transformable lightweight structures using active control. Modeling and controller synthesis are performed in the linear parameter-varying (LPV) framework, since the dynamics of elastic kinetic structures are transformation-state dependent due to geometric nonlinearities. Based on an LPV model in a grid-based representation, an LPV output-feedback control can be designed and synthesized via a gridding approach. This methodology is experimentally tested and validated for the example of an active hybrid roof structure prototype. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141029624004498 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2024.117887 SN - 0141-0296 VL - 307 SP - 1 EP - 12 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Schauer, Thomas A1 - Bleicher, Achim A1 - Zhang, Yangwen A1 - Wulff, Wulf A1 - Wernicke, Laurenz T1 - Schwingungsdämpfung und Energiegewinnung mit beweglichen Doppelfassaden: Entwurf Optimierung und Validierung eines autarken verteilten semiaktiven Systems zur Reduktion Wind-induzierter Schwingungen bei schlanken Hochhäusern N2 - Weltweit werden immer mehr „superschlanke“ Hochhäuser gebaut, da sie bei einer dichten städtischen Flächennutzung erhebliche wirtschaftliche Vorteile bieten. Jedoch sind sie sehr anfällig für Windanregungen. Schwingungstilger sind passiv als auch aktiv Stand der Technik und haben sich als effiziente Lösungen zur Dämpfung Wind-induzierter Strukturschwingungen erwiesen. Dieser Ansatz benötigt jedoch zusätzliche Masse und einen großen Bauraum in den begehrten obersten Etagen. In diesem Forschungsprojekt wurde ein neuer semiaktiver und verteilter Fassadendämpfer untersucht, der die Masse der Außenhaut einer Doppelfassade im Sinne der Ressourceneffizienz als Dämpfungsmasse nutzt. Für die Realisierung einer zeitlich veränderlichen Dämpfung wurde ein mechatronischer Schwingungsdämpfer inklusive Energie-Harvester entwickelt, der Energie in einer Batterie speichert. Zur Validierung der Konzepte und zum Nachweis des autarken Betriebs des geregelten Dämpfungssystems wurde in Zusammenarbeit mit der Josef Gartner GmbH ein bewegliches Doppelfassadenelement als Prototyp realisiert und auf einem Versuchsstand installiert. Dies erlaubt die Durchführung von Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulationen, bei denen ein gesamtes Gebäude simuliert wird und ein einzelnes Fassadenelement als Hardware physisch aktiv ist und sein Verhalten untersucht werden kann. Die Machbarkeit einer autarken semiaktiven Dämpfung mit parallel beweglichen Prallscheiben an Doppelfassaden konnte somit erfolgreich demonstriert werden. Der Ansatz liefert einen Beitrag, den CO2-Fußabdruck eines Hochhauses zu reduzieren. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2022112808245531150998 UR - https://www.bbsr.bund.de/BBSR/DE/veroeffentlichungen/bbsr-online/2022/bbsr-online-08-2022.html SN - 1868-0097 VL - 08/2022 CY - Bonn ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Yangwen A1 - Wernicke, Laurenz A1 - Wulff, Wulf A1 - Bleicher, Achim A1 - Schauer, Thomas T1 - Design and validation of a dual-functional damper based on a stepper motor for energy harvesting and vibration control T2 - Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing N2 - Dampers are widely used to reduce undesired vibrations. In recent decades, they have been developed from the energy dissipation strategy to the energy harvesting strategy. Dual-functional dampers, which convert part of vibration energy into electrical energy, are intensively studied. DC motors are the most applied electromagnetic transducers in these studies. In this paper, two-phase stepper motors are applied as adjustable electrical dampers and energy harvesters. Dual-functional dampers using stepper motors inherently have higher damping density than those using DC motors, as stepper motors have more pole pairs than DC motors. The nonlinear theoretical electrical damping coefficient of two-phase stepper motors is derived and compared with that of DC motors. A dual two-stage Energy Harvesting Circuit (EHC) is proposed to realize the function of adjustable electrical damping through resistance emulation and the function of harvesting energy. A test bench is built to experimentally verify the adjustable electrical damping and energy harvesting performance of a selected two-phase hybrid stepper motor with the proposed dual two-stage energy harvesting circuit. The numerical solution from the identified model shows a high agreement with the experimental results. The energy harvesting efficiency in the electrical domain has reached about 85%. This tested dual-functional damper using a stepper motor has been successfully integrated into a full-scale demonstrator of the distributed-Multiple Tuned Facade Damping (d-MTFD) system. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0888327023004764 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2023.110568 SN - 0888-3270 SN - 1096-1216 VL - 200 IS - 110568 SP - 1 EP - 19 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jirasek, Robert A1 - Schauer, Thomas A1 - Su, Di A1 - Nagayama, Tomonori A1 - Bleicher, Achim T1 - Experimental linear parameter-varying model identification of an elastic kinetic roof structure T2 - Engineering Structures N2 - Elastic kinetic structures are a recent approach to design transformable lightweight structures. Their transformation is based on elastic bending, exploiting the compliant material behavior of the structural members. This enables transformable structures with a stable transformation process. However, due to their lightweight and flexible design, elastic kinetic structures are highly sensitive to static and dynamic disturbances. Moreover, such transformable structures exhibit a transformation state dependent dynamic behavior, due to geometric nonlinearities. Nevertheless, most of current research focuses on the principles of elastic kinetic transformation than on effective disturbance mitigation. The latter is usually designed based on low-order control-oriented models. This paper describes a system identification methodology, suitable to identify low-order models for the transformation state dependent dynamics of elastic kinetic structures. The system identification is carried out using a local approach in the linear parameter-varying (LPV) framework. For the identification of local linear time-invariant (LTI) models, the system realization using the information matrix (SRIM) method is applied. The collection of local LTI models is internally balanced using a balancing transformation, in order to represent the locally estimated models with respect to a common state–space basis. Via linear interpolation, an LPV system in grid-based representation is derived. This methodology is experimentally validated with data from an active hybrid roof structure prototype. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0141029623014013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2023.116986 SN - 0141-0296 VL - 297 SP - 1 EP - 13 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Freymann, Konrad A1 - Schauer, Thomas A1 - Bleicher, Achim ED - GmbH, Messe Düsseldorf T1 - Adaptive Doppelfassade zur Schwingungskontrolle T1 - Adaptive double-skin facade for vibration control T2 - Beyond Transparency Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.glasstec-online.com/cgi-bin/md_glasstec/lib/pub/object/downloadfile.cgi/gtl2024_ebook.pdf?oid=29647&lang=2&ticket=g_u_e_s_t SP - 26 EP - 26 PB - Messe Düsseldorf GmbH CY - Düsseldorf ER - TY - GEN A1 - Freymann, Konrad A1 - Schauer, Thomas A1 - Bleicher, Achim T1 - Lifetime extension for steel railway bridges using additional damping : a case study for an existing bridge T2 - IABSE Symposium 2025, Environmentally Friendly Technologies and Structures - Focusing on Sustainable Approaches, May 18-21, 2025, Tokyo, Japan N2 - Steel bridges as slender and highly articulated lightweight structures are exceedingly exposed to fatigue damage due to traffic. Especially railway traffic is causing significant stress variations, the material can only withstand a limited amplitude and number of stress cycles. This results in a reduced lifetime of the bridge. This paper gives an overview of the material behaviour of steel due to fatigue. The lifetime capacity of an existing bridge as reference is analysed according to the current state of technology based on a simplified FE-Model. Further, the potential for extending the lifespan by reducing the vibration cycles through additional damping is numerically investigated for the referred bridge. A possible direct correlation between fatigue-relevant stress and the remaining service life of the existing bridge is demonstrated. KW - Steel railway bridges KW - Steel fatigue KW - Damping KW - Lifetime extension KW - Young modulus Y1 - 2025 SN - 978-3-85748-206-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2749/tokyo.2025.1885 SP - 1885 EP - 1893 PB - International Association For Bridge And Structural Engineering (IABSE) CY - Zürich ER -