TY - BOOK A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Aghte, Markus A1 - Pommerenke, Alf ED - Raab, Thomas T1 - Historische Köhlerei in Südbrandenburg - Begleitband zum Köhlerpfad Waldschule Kleinsee KW - Archäologie KW - Holzkohlemeiler KW - Lausitz KW - Tauerscher Forst KW - Umweltwissenschaften Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-54883 SN - 2196-4122 PB - Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus - Senftenberg, Fachgebiet Geopedologie und Landschaftsentwicklung CY - Cottbus ER - TY - GEN A1 - Uchino, Kazuki A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Wechler, Klaus-Peter A1 - Bauriegel, Albrecht T1 - Spatial heterogeneity of buried and recent soils in a drift sand area in North-Eastern Germany T2 - EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23–27 May 2022 N2 - In the North European Lowland, on the sandy deposits of the Weichselian glaciation, soils developed during periods of landscape stability are often conserved under windblown sand. However, small-scale changes of sediments and other soil forming factors can result in high spatial variation of soil properties in these landscapes; and relocation of soil material by geomorphic processes further increases the spatial heterogeneity of the soil landscape. These spatial variations in soil properties and conservation need to be considered in order to correctly decipher and interpret the buried soils as records of past environmental conditions. In the forefield of the open-cast mine Cottbus-Nord, archaeological excavations in a dune and drift sand area revealed widespread buried soils of different characteristics. The densely spaced excavation trenches give exceptionally good insights into the pedosphere, allow for reconstructing the distribution of fossil and recent soils in a high spatial resolution, and offer good opportunities to improve the understanding of spatial and temporal patterns of soil formation. Remains of postpleistocene hunter-gatherer campsites were documented in archaeological excavations and found to be associated with a buried soil horizon. We recorded the stratigraphy of soil profiles along more than 15 trenches within an area of about 20 ha, and additionally described the position of buried soils from GPR surveys and microdrone photogrammetry. In a recently opened, 455 m long trench, all characteristic soils and sediments of the study region could be observed and stratigraphically connected. Within this trench, four profiles were identified for further research. Each profile was classified and described according to WRB and German Guidelines for Soil Mapping; and was sampled and investigated through laboratory analyses including determination of organic matter, total carbon and nitrogen contents, soil colour identification, texture analysis, magnetic susceptibility measurement, metal content analysis using X-ray fluorescence analyzer and pH measurement. The compaction and cementation of soil horizons was assessed in situ with a pocket penetrometer. Results show a small-scale mosaic of soils developed on fluvio-aeolian, limnic and aeolian sediments, high spatial variations in pedogenesis due to varying groundwater influence and intensity of horizontal and vertical leachate transport, and high variations in the erosion or conservation of fossil soils. The soil and sediment stratigraphy reflects several phases of landscape development: i) the formation of a Late Pleistocene soil on fluvio-aeolian deposits, ii) a fossilization by aeolian sands, iii) a stability phase with intensive podsolization and peat formation, and iv) a land use-induced aeolian remobilization of the sands. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-2354 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Kim, Minhye A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Bauriegel, Albrecht T1 - Initial processes of soil formation on Relict Charcoal Hearths (RCHs) in the Tauer Forest (Brandenburg, Germany) T2 - EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23–27 May 2022 N2 - In the Tauer Forest, a woodland area north of the city of Peitz (Brandenburg, Germany), extensive charcoal burning was carried out from the mid-16th century to the mid-19th century resulting in numerous Relict Charcoal Hearths (RCHs). The most prominent feature of the soils on RCHs is the anthropogenically modified 20-30 cm thick RCH substrate that buries the former forest soil. The RCH substrate is a quite heterogenous mixture of mineral and organic compounds which were modified through heat during charring. It is characterized by its black color resulting from charcoal fragments (from fine dust to decimetre size pieces), lower bulk density, and higher porosity. After their use, the charcoal production sites were abandoned and soon became overgrown. Soil formation could commence in this anthropogenically modified RCH substrate. During recently conducted field work on RCHs in the Tauer Forest we detected features of initial podzolisation (bleaching of quartz grains) within this RCH substrate. To further investigate initial processes of soil formation (acidification, podzolisation, accumulation of soil organic matter) on RCHs, two different RCH sites were selected in the Tauer Forest: one RCH site in the forest district Tannenwald and one RCH site in the forest district Kleinsee. The Tannenwald site (RCH no. 29958) is situated in the western part of the Tauer Forest. It is an inland dune area with a coniferous forest (Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris L.) plantation. The forest soils are Podzols and the soils on the RCHs are classified as Spolic Technosols. The dense undergrowth consists of mainly blueberry (Vaccinium L.). Dendrochronological ages (determination by K-U Heußner, DAI Berlin) of charcoal pieces proof, that the charcoal hearth was used after 1655. The Kleinsee site (RCH no. 29424) is situated in the eastern part of the Tauer Forest. The parent material is sand from glaciofluvial sediments of the Weichselian glaciation. The forest soils are Brunic Arenosols (Protospodic) and the soils on the RCHs are classified as Spolic Technosols (Arenic). The deciduous forest is dominated by sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.). The undergrowth is only scarce with some ferns (sporadic), blueberry (Vaccinium L.), some shoots of rowan (Sorbus aucuparia L.) and some moss. There is no dendrochronological age available from the RCH, but RCHs nearby were dated from the 18th to the 19th centuries. At both sites, three soil monoliths were sampled on the RCH platform and three monoliths from the natural forest soil as reference soils. The soil monoliths were sampled continuously in 3 cm vertical spacings. Following lab analyses were carried out: pH (CaCl2), pH (H2O), total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), CECeff and total concentrations of selected elements. Analyses of pedogenic Fe are in progress. First results of these study will be presented and discussed. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-3563 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Al Jobayer, Md Adif A1 - Bloß, Katharina A1 - Porsch, Christopher A1 - Maaten, Ernst van der A1 - Maaten-Theunissen, Marieke van der A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Drought sensitivity of Pinus sylvestris L. on century old charcoal rich Technosols in the North-German Lowland T2 - EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23–27 May 2022 N2 - Soils on relict charcoal hearths (RCHs), i.e. aged charcoal rich Technosols, feature documented legacy effects regarding their physical and chemical soil properties. These forest soils result from the pre-/early-industrial production of charcoal in upright standing hearths. Today, RCHs are found in forested areas as circular microrelief structures with average diameters of about 10 meters that contain technogenic soil horizons of about 20 cm thickness. RCH soils are most distinctly characterized by their large content of pyrogenic soil organic matter and consequently increased total carbon contents. The resulting changes in the soils’ cation exchange capacity, soil acidity, total nitrogen contents and total element stocks are often significant. Furthermore, changes in soil physical properties like a lower bulk density and a higher porosity result in changed soil-water- and temperature regimes. Combined, these effects potentially result in unique soil microhabitats that are restricted to relatively small, clearly defined areas in many forest ecosystems. Recent studies on RCH soils increasingly focus on potential changes in microbiological and vegetational composition and abundances and report diverse effects. Here, we study the effects of century old charcoal rich Technosols on the drought sensitivity of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) on three RCH sites located in Lower Lusatia, Saxony (Germany). Through dendrochronologial analysis of increment cores and historical climate data, we study climate-growth relationships for trees on RCH soils and reference forest soils for two periods (AD 1963-1992 & AD 1990-2019). Furthermore, we determine pointer years and components of resilience to quantify the trees’ reaction to extreme weather conditions. This analysis was accompanied by soil sampling and analysis on the RCH sites and adjacent reference forest soils. Here, we present preliminary results and discuss them in the context of findings from other studies on RCH soils. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-7978 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Verschoof-van der Vaart, Wouter A1 - Malik, Ireneusz A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Chauhan, Jai Singh A1 - Thekkethala, Jeenus Joby T1 - Soils on mining relicts in Upper Silesia, Poland – first results from the Mala Panew River catchment and the UNESCO heritage site Tarnowskie Góry T2 - EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23–27 May 2022 N2 - The mining region of Upper Silesia has a long tradition with international significance. In 2017, the historic silver mine in Tarnowsky Gory was recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. With the mining of galena (PbS), the region developed into one of the most important industrial centers in Central Europe in the 16th century. In addition to the underground galleries, the historical mining has left thousands of mining shafts as small relief forms, which have not been systematically investigated so far. Partly the mining shafts are associated with Relict Charcoal Hearths (RCH), another small form which is a result of charcoal production. In the Mala Panew River valley, north of Tarnowsky Gory, several tens of thousands of these RCH are found, which could be mapped by LiDAR in recent years. More detailed pedological investigations, which would allow a systematic comparison with other known RCH sites, are missing so far. Within the framework of a Polish-German cooperation project, we started in 2021 to investigate the mining shafts and the RCH in Tarnowsky Gory and in the Mala Panew River valley from a pedological-sedimentological point of view. At the RCH sites on the Mala Panew River, we focused on the following questions: How was the soil stratigraphy changed by the RCH construction? What are main processes of soil development before and after RCH construction? What was the role of the pits surrounding the RCH? How do the sites differ from the RCHs at Tarnowsky Gory especially with respect to soil properties and soil genesis? In Tarnowsky Gory, where a RCH was excavated directly next to a mining shaft, the following questions were in focus: How did the mining activity change soil distribution and soil properties? What are main processes of soil development on the different parts? What is the origin of the pit infill? What is the origin of the shaft rim deposits? Our work program included the construction of excavator trenches across the mining remains, construction, description and sampling of soil profiles along the trenches, schematic drawing of the soil stratigraphy, and laboratory analyses for the determination of texture, Munsell color, pH (CaCl2, H20), CaCO3 content, Ctotal & Ntotal and total elements by FPXRF. We present the first results of the ongoing investigations. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-969 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Ramezany, Shaghayegh A1 - Ouimet, William T1 - Pyrogenic carbon in temperate forests - long-lasting impact of historical charcoal production on soils and ecosystems T2 - EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23–27 May 2022 N2 - Pre- and early industrial charcoal production has left a striking legacy effect on today’s soil landscapes in many forests of Central Europe and the North Eastern USA. Charcoaling in upright standing hearths (also called kilns) resulted in distinct circular micro relief structures, easily identifiable today in the field and on high resolution LiDAR-based digital elevation maps. Soils on these sites are characterized by one or multiple layers of decimetre thick charcoal rich substrate, which makes them Spolic Technosols according to the WRB soil classification. The focus of research on these sites increasingly deals with the difference of their soil physical and chemical properties in relation to unaffected forest soils and the potential implications for changes in vegetation and faunal growth. The controlling factor thereby is the soils large content of charcoal in various particle sizes, ranging from fine dust to large chunks. Studies have repeatedly shown the soils significant increase in total organic- and pyrogenic carbon content. The increase in total carbon stocks is thereby not only caused by pyrogenic carbon, but also by an apparently increased accumulation of non-pyrogenic organic matter. Here we present the latest findings regarding the carbon contents of centennially old charcoal rich technogenic substrates, sampled as part of multiple research projects in Brandenburg, Germany and the Litchfield hills in North-western Connecticut, USA. A focus will be the determination of highly aromatic carbon by the molecular marker Benzene-polycarboxylic acid (BPCA) and its prediction by FTIR-MIR chemometric methods. We discuss the results on forest soil carbon stocks on a site specific to a landscape and regional scale. Furthermore, the potential to use these sites to study the long term effects of charcoal admixture to soils by wildfires or biochar application will be discussed. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-8312 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Spatial and temporal variability of soil moisture in land-use legacy forest soils in Brandenburg, Germany T2 - EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23–27 May 2022 N2 - Soil physical properties can show high heterogeneity in forest soils, implying a high spatial variability of soil moisture and plant water availability. Legacy effects of past land use, resulting in a small-scale mosaic of anthropogenically modified and unmodified soils in forest areas, further increase this spatial heterogeneity. The soils associated with relict charcoal hearths (RCH), most prominently characterized by a technogenic layer rich in charcoal fragments, are a widespread example for such land use legacy soils in forest areas. The objective of our study was to characterize the soil moisture regime of forest soils and RCH soils on sandy substrates in the northeastern German lowlands; and in particular to assess the long-term effect of the prolonged summer drought period in 2018 on spatial and temporal variability of soil moisture. We monitored matric potentials, soil water contents and soil temperature from June 2018 in forest soils in the Tauersche Forst (Brandenburg, Germany). Three soil profiles (one reference forest soil profile and two characteristic RCH soil profiles) were instrumented, sampled for laboratory analyses of bulk density, pore size distribution, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and persistence of water repellency; and root density distribution in the profiles was recorded. The soils in all profiles show low porosity and plant available water contents. On RCH soils, overall porosity is clearly higher compared with the reference soils, mainly related to larger volumes of coarse and fine pores. Soil moisture monitoring shows very high spatial and temporal variability of the recorded data after the prolonged dry period in 2018, with gradual rewetting over the winter periods and only short-term fluctuations of soil moisture in reaction to high-intensity precipitation events in the summer periods. The comparison of in-situ and laboratory-based water retention data shows strong hysteresis effects during the rewetting, with increasingly clear reactions of soil water contents to precipitation events over the years following the dry period, especially in the charcoal-rich substrates. The differences in soil moisture between the dry and the wetter periods were clearly higher in the RCH soils, which, compared with the reference soils, showed higher water contents under wet conditions and lower water contents under dry conditions. The results affirm that land use legacies can clearly increase the spatial and temporal variations of soil moisture in forest areas. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-2182 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Alexandra ED - Stolz, Christian ED - Miller, Christopher E. T1 - Geoökologische Folgen historischer Landnutzung T2 - Geoarchäologie N2 - Seit dem Neolithikum wirkt sich die Nutzung der Landschaft auf unterschiedliche Weise auf Relief, Böden, Gewässer, Flora, Fauna und Klima aus. Insbesondere die Folgen land- und forstwirtschaftlicher Wirtschaftsweisen waren dafür ausschlaggebend. Grundsätzlich reagieren Ökosysteme auf anthropogene Eingriffe, wie die Umwandlung von Wald in andere Nutzungsformen, mit einer schrittweisen Degradation sowie reversiblen oder irreversiblen Veränderungen. Beispiele sind Bodenerosion und eine veränderte Artenzusammensetzung. Die Abschätzung des Ausmaßes im globalen Maßstab gestaltet sich generell schwierig. Für die Geoarchäologie bedeutsam sind daher hauptsächlich lokale Spuren früherer Bewirtschaftung und Formen im Kleinrelief, die sich im Gelände wiederfinden lassen und als Geoarchive fungieren. Denn sie geben Aufschluss über (prä-)historische Bewirtschaftungsformen. So zeugen Wölbäcker, Hochbeete, Plaggenesche und die Relikte der historischen Teichwirtschaft, Moorkultivierung und Köhlerei von früheren Formen der Land- und Forstwirtschaft. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62774-7_8 SP - 71 EP - 77 PB - Springer Spektrum CY - Berlin, Heidelberg ER - TY - GEN A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Birkhofer, Klaus A1 - Drohan, Patrick J. A1 - Wilmking, Martin A1 - Kreyling, Jürgen A1 - Malik, Ireneusz A1 - Wistuba, Małgorzata A1 - Maaten, Ernst van der A1 - Maaten-Theunissen, Marieke van der A1 - Urich, Tim T1 - Do small landforms have large effects? A review on the legacies of pre-industrial charcoal burning T2 - Geomorphology N2 - Relict charcoal hearths (RCHs) are small, anthropogenic landforms resulting from past charcoal burning and reaching significant land coverage in pre-industrial mining areas. We review three coupled legacies linked by RCH development: (i) a landscape-scale geomorphic effect, (ii) a unique soil fingerprint, and (iii) an evolving novel ecosystem. The history and technique of charcoal production are described to clarify legacy effects. Applying a recently presented morpho-genetic catalogue is useful for classified mapping of RCH findings. The RCH numbers and calculated RCH densities per study region vary greatly and impose uncertainties due to insufficient methods causing over- or underestimations. Areas with high RCH densities between 50 and 500 RCH/km2 seem reasonable. Machine learning-based remote sensing techniques are promising approaches with which to better assess the full scale of charcoal burning legacies. RCH soil properties feature dark charcoal-rich technogenic substrate layers classified as Auh horizons according to the World Reference Base with significantly increased C contents. These Auh horizons can also exhibit specific physical and chemical properties, such as relatively low bulk density, high porosity, high plant available water content, low thermal conductivity and differences in cation exchange capacity or nutrient status. However, relevant studies are rare, and thus, the effects may differ by study region. Regarding vegetation, there seem to be four main effects: changes in forest structure, species composition, recruitment pattern and productivity. The number of studies on this issue is, however, also very limited. Even fewer studies have examined the soil fauna in RCHs; thus, the reported effects cannot be used to draw general conclusions. Notably, RCH research has made considerable progress in the last five years, especially in the Light Detection and Ranging-based mapping of these small landforms and identification of RCH-specific soil properties, but ecological legacies are not well understood; thus, more interdisciplinary and integrative studies are needed. KW - Soil KW - Ecosystem KW - Forestry KW - Land Use KW - Anthropocene KW - Relict Charcoal Hearth (RCH) KW - Charcoal Kiln Remain (CKR) Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108332 SN - 0169-555X VL - 413 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Schneider, Marcus A1 - Bauriegel, Albrecht T1 - Quaternary and geoarcheology in Lower Lusatia T2 - DEUQUA Special Publications N2 - Open-cast lignite mines in Lower Lusatia provide unique insights into human-induced environmental changes in the Northern European Lowland and improve our understanding of Quaternary landscape dynamics. The excursion will focus on soils and sediments of Late Pleistocene and Holocene age that have been modified by land use since the Slavic Middle Ages. In the vicinity of the open-cast mine Jänschwalde and in the Tauer forest north of Cottbus characteristic remains of historical charcoal production, a ridge-and-furrow system and late Quaternary rubification in soils are presented. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://deuquasp.copernicus.org/articles/4/59/2022/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/deuquasp-4-59-2022 SN - 2625-8137 VL - 4 SP - 59 EP - 71 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Schneider, Marcus A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Bonhage, Alexander ED - Schopper, Franz T1 - Landschaftsgeschichtliche Untersuchungen am Eilenzfließ bei Taubendorf T2 - Ausgrabungen im Niederlausitzer Braunkohlenrevier : 2015/2016 Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-910011-87-8 SP - 199 EP - 204 PB - Brandenburgisches Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologisches Landesmuseum CY - Wünsdorf ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Sekhri, Simran A1 - Bonhage, Alexander T1 - Spatial distribution patterns and soil properties of former field systems in Northeastern Bavaria, Germany T2 - Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, Einladung und Programm Halle (Saale), 2.–8. September 2023 N2 - Former field systems (FFS) in sloped forest areas are often discernible by a characteristic morphology with flattened slope areas and intermediary ridges formed by tillage erosion and colluvial redeposition. Soils of such lynchet field systems feature modified stratigraphy and properties and constitute a memory of past land use. At the same time, the legacies of past agriculture affect recent forest ecosystems. High-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) allow to identify lynchets over large areas and open up new opportunities to study the FFS. Within our research on different land use legacy features in forest areas, we study FFS in Northeastern Bavaria (Germany) in a geopedological approach, combining large-scale mapping and spatial analysis with the description and analysis of soil properties for specific sites. Lynchet systems (and other remnants of pre-industrial FFS) in recent forests were mapped from LIDAR DEMs for an area of 2045 km2 (972 km2 forest area). The results show more than 100 km2 of FFS, mostly appearing as lynchet systems. Their spatial distribution patterns differ within the study area, mainly depending on parent material and landform. Soil stratigraphy and properties were studied for FFS and reference positions in six study sites, combining a characterization of principal soil profiles and an assessment of spatial soil property variations. The FFS soils are characterized by truncated profiles over most parts of the flattened slope areas and accumulation of colluvium upslope of lynchet risers. The depth of soil profile truncation and height of lynchet risers differ, mainly related to slope and erodibility of the initial soils. Stratigraphy of the lynchet soils indicates a gradually proceeding formation by tillage erosion. First results of soil property analyses show that carbon and nitrogen contents differ between FFS and reference soils and are more homogeneous within the FFS. Furthermore, physical properties of the FFS soils (bulk density, pore size distribution, hydraulic conductivity) are modified compared to unaffected forest soils through profile truncation and accumulation of colluvium. Overall, the results show that the legacy effects of past agriculture affect large fractions of recent forest areas, and can be of different quality depending on lithology of the soils’ parent material and land use history. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/378078365_Spatial_distribution_patterns_and_soil_properties_of_former_field_systems_in_Northeastern_Bavaria_Germany SP - 88 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Drohan, Patrick J. A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Bonhage, Alexander T1 - A novel view in geopedology : how small landforms from past land use affect the pedosphere T2 - Centennial Celebration and Congress of the International Union of Soil Sciences N2 - LiDAR-based high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) can now provide a centimetre-accurate image of the Earth's surface. Soil science is still in the early stages of realising how fundamentally this new technology will change our understanding of the formation, properties and functions of the pedosphere and in particular the uppermost part of it, which usually represents A horizons. With the help of high-resolution DEMs, it is possible to identify and classify small topographic features that were previously not considered in soil mapping. Therefore, precise landform analyses will be crucial in assessing variations in soil horizonation and soil stratigraphy and will provide the framework for a new perspective in Geopedology that truly integrates Geomorphology and Pedology from pedon to soil landscapes. In the digital domain, this geopedological approach is growing rapidly by using artificial intelligence (AI) to automatically identify small landforms and visualise the heterogeneity of diverse pedological information. We present the results of the study of different types of relict anthropogenic landforms (RALs) and highlight their characteristics and differences compared to natural, undisturbed soils. The origins of these relict features can vary greatly, as can their distribution, morphology and age. The analysis of high-resolution relief models in Europe and the USA shows that morphological features can be found, particularly in forest that were created in pre-industrial times. Settlement structures (e.g. stone walls, burial sites) or linear relief forms created by soil cultivation (e.g. field terraces, furrow systems) are common. Relict Charcoal Hearths (RCHs), which originate from historic charcoal burning, are usually small circular platforms surrounded by pits or ditches, but can still cover a considerable part of the area. A relatively complex geomorphology can be observed in historic mining areas, which may include different landform types such as mine shafts and spoil heaps, resulting in a very heterogeneous pedological mosaic. To summarise, all studies reveal a high variation of soil properties controlled by small relief structures. Pedology should take this more into account in the future and improve knowledge of the impact of RALs on the pedosphere and other components of ecosystems. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/380912417_A_NOVEL_VIEW_IN_GEOPEDOLOGY_HOW_SMALL_LANDFORMS_FROM_PAST_LAND_USE_AFFECT_THE_PEDOSPHERE PB - Florenz ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Bonhage, Alexander T1 - Legacies of past land use : mapping anthropogenic landforms in forest areas of eastern Bavaria, Germany T2 - Geoarchaeology N2 - Reconstructing (pre‐)historic land use distribution is essential for understanding past human societies and their impacts on the environment. Various land use forms result in distinct alterations of surface morphology, which are often well preserved but rarely described within forest areas. The interpretation of LiDAR Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) can greatly enhance our insight into the geoarchaeological records of woodlands. This study examines the legacies of past land use in forested areas of Upper Palatinate, Germany, utilizing LiDAR DEMs to map anthropogenic relief features. We comprehensively mapped land use legacy landforms (LULLs) that occur with considerable frequency in the study area, that is, former agricultural field systems, road remnants, abandoned ponds, relict charcoal hearths, mining legacies, and indicators of anthropogenically induced soil erosion. Results reveal that 17% of the forested area is affected by LULLs, with the largest areas covered by former field systems, roads, and ponds. Characteristic LULL associations reflect past agricultural and charcoal production landscapes. While erosion indicators often coincide with field systems and roads, natural factors mainly influence their distribution. Comparison with historical maps suggests pre‐19th‐century abandonment of most LULLs and good preservation of anthropogenic relief modifications. Our results underscore the enduring impact of past land use on present woodland ecosystems and emphasize the importance of considering forest areas in the analysis of past human–landscape interactions. Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/gea.22032 SN - 0883-6353 VL - 40 (2025) IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 18 PB - Wiley ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Bonhage, Alexander T1 - Anthropogene Kleinreliefformen als Relikte früherer Landnutzung – Großflächige Kartierung aus digitalen Geländemodellen T2 - Pangeo / DEUQUA 2024 Abstracts N2 - Die direkten Auswirkungen menschlicher Landnutzung auf Böden und Sedimente betreffen häufig nur wenige Dezimeter Tiefe unter der Erdoberfläche, erstrecken sich horizontal aber sehr weiträumig. Indirekte anthropogene Einflüsse auf geomorphologische und hydrologische Prozesse als ein Merkmal des Anthropozäns ergeben sich als kumulative Auswirkungen solcher wenig intensiven, aber großflächigen Eingriffe. Viele Landnutzungsformen hinterlassen charakteristische anthropogene Reliefveränderungen und Kleinreliefformen, die in hochauflösenden digitalen Geländemodellen (DEMs) abgebildet sind. Die Auswertung von DEMs ermöglicht es damit, anthropogene Kleinreliefformen über große Areale zu erkennen und so (prä-)historische Landnutzung zu lokalisieren und hinsichtlich ihrer flächenhaften Verbreitung und Verteilungsmuster zu beschreiben. Während sich die technischen Möglichkeiten zur DEM-Auswertung v.a. durch KI-gestützte Methoden rapide weiterentwickeln, bleiben vielfach Unsicherheiten hinsichtlich der zeitlichen Klassifizierung und Repräsentativität der erfassten Formen. Wir präsentieren Ergebnisse aus mehreren Fallstudien, in denen anthropogene Kleinreliefformen aus DEMs großflächig kartiert und ergänzt durch bodenkundliche und sedimentologische Untersuchung morphogenetisch interpretiert wurden. Diese Studien konzentrieren sich auf Relikte der Holzkohleproduktion, des Bergbaus und der landwirtschaftlichen Nutzung in Untersuchungsgebieten in Brandenburg, Nordbayern, Schlesien, Nordwestirland und dem Nordosten der USA. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen durchwegs eine große Verbreitung anthropogener Kleinreliefformen in rezenten Waldgebieten und damit einen erheblichen Einfluss früherer Landnutzung auf aktuelle Bodenlandschaften. Während Relikte der historischen Holzkohleproduktion nur vereinzelt mit Bodenerosion in Verbindung stehen, zeigt sich für Kleinreliefformen aus Bergbau und Ackerbau häufiger ein Zusammenhang mit anthropogen beeinflusster Morphodynamik. Die Fallstudien zeigen auch Effekte der Überprägung und eine Tendenz zur Abbildung überwiegend jüngerer Landnutzungsrelikte in DEMs und unterstreichen damit, dass für ein Verständnis von Mensch-Umwelt Interaktionen die DEM-gestützte Rekonstruktion der vergangenen Landnutzung mit Auswertung weiterer Geoarchive kombiniert werden muss. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.pangeo.at/images/Pangeo_Deuqua2024/2024_PangeoDeuqua_Abstracts.pdf SP - 159 EP - 159 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Sekhri, Simran A1 - Bonhage, Alexander T1 - Spatial distribution patterns and soil properties of lynchet systems in Northeastern Bavaria, Germany T2 - EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 24–28 Apr 2023 N2 - Former field systems (FFS) in recent forest areas of Central and Northern Europe are often discernible by their characteristic morphology with slightly flattened slope areas and intermediary ridges formed by tillage and water erosion. Soils of such lynchet systems feature distinctly modified stratigraphy and properties and thereby constitute a memory of past land use. At the same time, the legacies of past agriculture affect recent forest ecosystems. High-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) allow to identify lynchets over large areas and open up new opportunities to study the spatial distribution patterns and soils of FFS. Within our research on different land use legacy features in forest areas, we study FFS in Northeastern Bavaria (Germany) in a geopedological approach, combining large-scale mapping and spatial analysis with the description and analysis of soil properties for specific sites. Lynchet areas (and other remnants of pre-industrial FFS) in recent forests were mapped from LIDAR DEMs for an area of 2045 km2 (972 km2 forest area). The mapping results show more than 100 km2 of abandoned field systems within the study area, mostly appearing as lynchet systems. Their spatial distribution patterns differ within the study area, mainly depending on parent material and landform. In the limestone region of the Franconian Jura, FFS occur spatially dispersed, often as considerably small, irregularly shaped parcels, presumably reflecting proceeding abandonment of less productive and accessible fields with intensification of agriculture. In contrast, FFS in the Bohemian Massif in the eastern part of our study area were often found in compounds of many regularly shaped parcels, frequently associated with deserted settlement areas. Soil stratigraphy and properties were studied for FFS and reference positions (forest areas with no indications of former agricultural use) in six study sites, combining detailed characterization of principal soil profiles and an assessment of spatial variations of soil properties in a near-surface sampling approach. First results show that FFS soils are characterized by truncated profiles over most parts of the treads and accumulation of colluvium confined to relatively small areas upslope of lynchet risers. The depth of soil profile truncation and height of lynchet risers differ, mainly related to slope and erodibility of the initial soils. Stratigraphy of the lynchet soils indicates a gradually proceeding formation. Carbon and nitrogen contents were found to differ between FFS and reference soils and to be more homogeneous within the FFS. Carbon contents were mainly lower in the FFS, while both lower and higher nitrogen contents were observed for FFS soils, presumably related to different duration and intensity of agricultural use. Overall, the results show that the legacy effects of past agriculture affect large fractions of recent forest areas, and can be of different quality depending on lithology of the soils’ parent material and land use history. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-6090 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Maaten-Theunissen, Marieke van der A1 - Maaten, Ernst van der A1 - Räbiger, Christin A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Soil properties and tree growth at medieval ridge and furrow sites in Brandenburg, northeastern Germany T2 - Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science N2 - Background Ridge and furrow (RIFU) systems and associated soils are a widespread legacy of medieval agriculture, are archives of historical land use, and might affect recent ecosystems. Open questions about RIFU formation and potential legacy effects still exist, especially related to physical soil properties. Aims Our aims were (1) to characterize the soil properties of RIFU soils and (2) to compare the drought sensitivity and the growth resistance in extremely dry years of trees growing on ridges and furrows, respectively. Methods We studied soil physical (bulk density, saturated soil hydraulic conductivity, and texture) and chemical (soil pH, soil organic matter, and nitrogen content) properties and the climate sensitivity of tree growth on RIFU systems for three study sites in Prignitz, Germany. Results RIFU systems showed a high spatial heterogeneity of soil stratigraphy due to ridge construction and increased accumulation of soil moisture and organic matter in furrows due to post-abandonment pedogenesis. Slight spatial differences in soil physical properties were found, with increased air capacity in ridge soils and higher available water contents in furrow soils. No differences in drought sensitivity were observed for trees growing on ridges and furrows, except for a wet site, where trees in furrows showed a higher sensitivity. Resistance in dry years tended to be similar or increase from furrows to ridges. Conclusions The results reflect a spatial differentiation of stratigraphy and post-abandonment pedogenesis on abandoned RIFU systems and suggest an adaption to different moisture conditions through RIFU construction. Differences in drought sensitivity of tree growth with relative land surface could only be detected for one of the three sites, where trees were found to be less drought sensitive on ridges. KW - anthropogenically modified soils KW - climate sensitivity KW - dendroecology KW - historic agriculture KW - land‐use legacies Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.202200345 SN - 1436-8730 SN - 1522-2624 VL - 186 IS - 4 SP - 417 EP - 427 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Ouimet, William A1 - Völkel, Jörg A1 - Ramezany, Shaghayegh T1 - From site to state – Quantifying multi-scale legacy effects of historic landforms from charcoal production on soils in Connecticut, USA T2 - Catena Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2023.107426 SN - 0341-8162 VL - 232 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Malik, Ireneusz A1 - Bohr, Marcin A1 - Wistuba, Małgorzata A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Verschoof-van der Vaart, Wouter A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Woskowicz-Ślęzak, Beata T1 - Multi-Period Ore Exploitation in Upper Silesia, Central Europe T2 - Journal of Field Archaeology Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/00934690.2023.2200583 SN - 0093-4690 VL - 48 IS - 5 SP - 366 EP - 379 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Verschoof-van der Vaart, Wouter A1 - Malik, Ireneusz A1 - Chauhan, Jai Singh A1 - Thekkethala, Jeenus Joby T1 - Soil distribution and properties on mining relicts in Upper Silesia, Poland – first results from the Mala Panew River catchment and the UNESCO heritage site Tarnowskie Góry T2 - Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, Einladung und Programm Halle (Saale), 2.-8. September 2023 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://conference.ufz.de/frontend/index.php?page_id=3985&v=List&do=15&day=all&ses=1231# ER - TY - GEN A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Schneider, Anna T1 - Relict Charcoal Hearth (RCH) soils - properties and classification T2 - Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, Einladung und Programm Halle (Saale), 2.–8. September 2023 Y1 - 2023 SP - 88 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Drohan, Patrick J. A1 - Wistuba, Małgorzata A1 - Malik, Ireneusz A1 - Verschoof-van der Vaart, Wouter T1 - Small anthropogenic landforms from past land use – what have we (already) learned and what do we (still) want to know T2 - DGGM Meeting 2023 Conference proceedings 04.–06.10.2023, RWTH Aachen Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.pgg.rwth-aachen.de/global/show_document.asp?id=aaaaaaaaccmrbmr SP - S. 61 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Verschoof-van der Vaart, Wouter A1 - Bauriegel, Albrecht T1 - Geomorphology of the Schwarze Elster Valley (Southwest Brandenburg, Germany) at the Bronze Age barrow cemetery Schweinert – Findings from the 2023 research campaign T2 - DGGM Meeting 2023 Conference proceedings 04.–06.10.2023, RWTH Aachen Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.pgg.rwth-aachen.de/global/show_document.asp?id=aaaaaaaaccmrbmr SP - S. 60 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Drohan, Patrick A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Alexandra T1 - An initial geopedological survey and description of historic raised beds in north-western Ireland T2 - Geomorphology N2 - Raised Bed (RB) field structures in northwestern Ireland are historical relics of widespread agriculture before and during the Great Famine in the mid-19th century. Their primary purpose was to improve drainage on shallow, waterlogged soils for cultivation of crops. Today, the undulating surface morphology created by the ridges and furrows remains visible in many locations, raising questions about how many of these historic fields actually still exist, whether they are mappable, and if their soils have undergone persistent anthropogenic changes. In this study, we analyse three different RB sites located in varying topographical positions and on different parent materials. High-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) are created using UAV-based photogrammetry to analyse the surface morphology and model surface flow accumulation and wetness. Soils are analysed using trenches and surface samples taken from ridges and furrows. Our results indicate that satellite or aerial imagery alone is insufficient for reliably detecting RB sites, as the height difference between ridges and furrows is too subtle. Ridge spacing and furrow depth are best observed using high-resolution DEMs (<50 cm cell size). The modelled surface hydrology suggests that the drainage function of RB sites remains, with furrows retaining more moisture than ridges. This can have significant implications for microhabitat structures within RB fields, potentially influencing faunal species composition and abundance. Furthermore, we find significant differences in specific elemental concentrations between soils on ridges and soils on furrows, as well as differences in grain size distributions. These findings indicate a wide range of potential legacy effects present in RB fields that merit further investigation. KW - Soil Science KW - Geomorphology KW - Landscape History KW - Ridge and Furrow KW - Lazy Beds Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109778 SN - 1872-695X VL - 481 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Malik, Ireneusz A1 - Wistuba, Malgorzata A1 - Verschoof-van der Vaart, Wouter T1 - Land use legacy landforms at the UNESCO Heritage Site Tarnowskie Góry, Upper Silesia, Poland : stratigraphy, soils and age T2 - Geoarchaeology N2 - Metallurgy in Upper Silesia (Poland) has a long tradition of international significance, which was emphasized in 2017 when the historic silver mine in Tarnowskie Góry was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. The area consists of various anthropogenic landforms, the stratigraphy of which has hardly been studied so far. In this study, we describe five main morphological units: Unit I (RCH) and Unit II (RCH pit), resulting from charcoal production; Unit III (shaft) and Unit IV (shaft heap), resulting from mining; and Unit V (reference forest soil). The first four units are a variation of a Technosol with inherently different properties from the reference forest soil. Unit I exhibits typical properties of a relict charcoal hearth (RCH), whereas Unit II resembles a pit. Unit III consists of a mostly infilled mining shaft remain (MSR), characterized by relocated subsoil. Unit IV consists of material from the adjacent Unit III that has been dumped directly aside. The studied RCH was used no earlier than during the second half of the 17th century, probably between 1725 and 1813. The studied MSR was used most likely between the 3rd and 5th centuries, which is much older than described so far. Together, the units reflect the characteristic heterogeneity of soils in shaft mining and RCH areas. KW - Geoarchaeology KW - Mining Landscape KW - Landscape History Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/gea.22028 SN - 1520-6548 VL - 40 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Wiley ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Takla, Melanie A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Rösler, Horst T1 - Towards an inventory of historic charcoal production fields in Brandenburg, Germany T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015 KW - historic charcoal production Y1 - 2015 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2015/EGU2015-3949.pdf N1 - EGU2015-3949 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Rösler, Horst A1 - Heußner, Karl-Uwe A1 - Hirsch, Florian T1 - Spatial distribution of relict charcoal hearths in the former royal forest district Tauer (SE Brandenburg, Germany) T2 - Quaternary International N2 - Historical charcoal production has long been an unconsidered type of forest utilization in lowland areas. The archaeological discovery of a large charcoal burning area in the forefield of the active opencast lignite mine J€anschwalde in SE Brandenburg (North German Lowlands) has highlighted the need for multidisciplinary research in the study of the dimensions of historical charcoal burning. The charcoal produced in our study area, the former royal forest district Tauer, provided energy for the nearby Peitz ironworks during its operation from the mid-16th to the mid-19th century. Here, we aimed to record the amount, size and distribution of relict charcoal hearths (RCHs) to examine their context with respect to the ironworks and to better understand the potential impacts on late Quaternary landscape change. The applied methods combined archaeological research with shaded-relief mapping of RCHs. To evaluate the detection success of RCHs in the shaded-relief maps (SRMs), we compared the results with the results from specific archaeological surveys and conventional forest site mapping. Furthermore, we analyzed our dataset with descriptive, comparable and spatial statistics. Additionally, dendrochronological dating of charcoal fragments from selected RCHs was used to investigate the temporal relationships among the RCHs. Approximately 6000 circular RCHs were manually digitally identified in the SRMs of the 109-km2 evaluable area. However, ground truthing showed that the shaded-relief maps could not completely capture all RCHs in our study area due to local conditions. At the regional scale, two focus areas with high RCH site densities were found. Statistical analysis revealed that the diameters of the RCHs range widely from 4 to 30.5 m. Spatial statistics were applied to the RCH diameters to aggregate areas with larger or smaller RCHs. At the small scale, no systematic arrangement of RCHs was obvious in the SRMs. Dendrochronological dating of selected RCHs lying close together could not detect significant spatiotemporal relationships or patterns. The dating results also showed that some areas have been preferentially used for charcoal production for over 300 years. Due to the homogeneity of the physiogeographical location factors, we assume that these factors are not superficially responsible for site selection. Instead, economic location factors and contemporary regulations are more likely responsible for the distribution of RCHs. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2017.07.022 SN - 1040-6182 VL - Vol. 511 SP - 153 EP - 165 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Takla, Melanie A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - A Template-matching Approach Combining Morphometric Variables for Automated Mapping of Charcoal Kiln Sites T2 - Archaeological Prospection N2 - Analysing the spatial distribution of anthropogenic relief structures can contribute to the understanding of past landuse systems. With automated mapping routines, small relief forms can be detected efficiently from high-resolution digital terrain models (DTMs). In this study, we describe an approach for the automated mapping of charcoal kiln sites from an airborne laser-scanning DTM. The study site is located north of Cottbus, Germany, where an exceptionally large historic charcoal production field has been documented in previous archaeological surveys. The goal of this study was to implement, evaluate and improve an automated GIS-based routine for mapping these features based on the template-matching principle. In addition to the DTM, different morphometric variables were evaluated for their suitability to detect kiln sites. The mapping results were validated against a comprehensive database of kiln sites recorded from archaeological excavations and via manual digitization. The effects of irregular kiln-site geometry and DTM noise were evaluated using synthetic DTMs. The results of the synthetic DTM mapping show that the template-matching results differed depending on the morphometric variable used for the mapping process. In accordance with this observation, a validation of the mapping procedure for the field site suggests that feature mapping can be improved. In particular, the number of false detections can be reduced using a combination of morphometric variables. For the validation area, the kiln sites with diameters of at least 10m were mapped using the automated routine, with detection rates that were close to those of manual digitization. Therefore, the described method can considerably facilitate the mapping and distribution analysis of kiln sites or similar small relief forms that are prominent in a specific landscape. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/arp.1497 SN - 1099-0763 VL - 22 IS - 1 SP - 45 EP - 62 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Wechler, Klaus-Peter A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Reconstruction of a Paleosurface and Archaeological Site Location in an Anthropogenic Drift Sand Area T2 - Archaeological Prospection N2 - Knowledge of the position of archaeological remains in the surface relief provides important basic information for archaeological survey design and interpretation. Geomorphological processes in (pre)history may have resulted in a modification of the local relief around archaeological sites, especially in areas that are prone to sediment erosion and relocation, such as sheet sand and dune landscapes. In this study, we reconstructed and analysed the palaeorelief of an archaeological excavation site in an inland dune area in southern Brandenburg, Germany. The remains of two Mesolithic sites were documented in the archaeological excavations and found to be associated with a buried soil horizon. To gather information on the relief of the buried soil surface, we used a combination of sedimentological and pedological profile descriptions along archaeological survey trenches and geophysical prospection with ground penetrating radar supplemented with microdrone photography and photogrammetry, global positioning system (GPS) surveys, and analysis of LiDAR-based elevation models. A digital elevation model of the buried surface was generated and analysed using a geographical information system (GIS). A comparison of the palaeosurface model with the recent surface elevation model shows that sand remobilization resulted in a considerable reshaping of the relief. Further, an analysis of the buried surface model shows that the relief position of the two archaeological sites in the study area was considerably more prominent in relation to the corresponding buried soil surface than in relation to the recent surface morphology. The results affirm the significance of Holocene sediment relocation for the local surface morphology and the importance of considering such relief modifications in archaeological surveys. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/arp.1571 SN - 1099-0763 VL - 24 IS - 4 SP - 297 EP - 310 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Ouimet, William A1 - Johnson, Katharine M. A1 - Dethier, David A1 - Raab, Alexandra T1 - Architecture of relict charcoal hearths in northwestern Connecticut, USA T2 - Geoarchaeology N2 - Relict charcoal hearths are round or elliptical earthen platforms up to 11 m in diameter and a widespread feature of historical industry that supplied charcoal used in the production of iron in furnaces or smelters. The iron industry dominated Litchfield County, Connecticut, and surrounding areas in the northeastUnited States throughout the 19th century, peaking in ∼1850. The large number of charcoal hearths in this region is a relic of >150 years of widespread iron production. In this study, we describe the architecture and soil stratigraphy of 26 charcoal hearths in Litchfield County. This contribution aims to (1) compare soils that comprise the charcoal hearths with “natural” adjacent soils, (2) measure the thickness of topsoil developed upon the hearths, and (3) characterize the stratigraphy associated with these features. Results indicate that the black topsoils overlying the charcoal hearths contain residual charcoal and are on average 2.6 times thicker than adjacentCambisols. Charcoal hearths display two ormore black, charcoal-rich strata separated by layers of reddish-brown soil low in charcoal content indicating multiple episodes of use.We also find that many charcoal hearths have been stabilized with boulders on the downslope side during construction and repeated use.Overall, the results presented here provide significant information regarding the construction, use, and associated impacts of earthen platforms for charcoal production in the northeastUnited States, with further relevance to other areas where historical charcoal production occurred. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/gea.21614 SN - 1520-6548 VL - 32 IS - 4 SP - 502 EP - 510 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Takla, Melanie A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Rösler, Horst A1 - Bauriegel, Albrecht T1 - Opencast mines in South Brandenburg (Germany) - archives of Late Quaternary landscape development and human-induced land use changes T2 - Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences N2 - This study outlines the opportunities for geoarchaeological research in active opencast lignite mines in southern Brandenburg (Germany). Studies on extensive outcrops that address both archaeology and soil geomorphology, combined with a geographical information system (GIS) approach, provide unique insights into human-induced environmental changes in Lower Lusatia and generally improve our understanding of landscape dynamics. We present the most recent results from three case studies and review important findings from the last several years. Studies conducted in opencast mines of Cottbus-Nord and Jänschwalde focus on (i) Late Quaternary geomorphodynamics and soil development and (ii) past land use and the legacy of agriculture and woodland use. Our results are similar to those in other regions in Central Europe, but we also observe regional differences caused by the local setting, e.g. intensification of soil erosion coinciding with the expansion of farming of cultivated lands in the Slavic Middle Ages. Our research reveals the largest archaeologically investigated area of historical charcoal production in the Northern European Lowland (NEL). We are clearly only beginning to understand the massive dimensions of charcoal production in the region. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-015-0227-6 SN - 1866-9565 VL - 8 IS - 3 SP - 453 EP - 466 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Spatial and temporal variability of soil physical properties on legacies of historic charcoal production T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2018, Vienna, Austria N2 - The spatial variability of soil physical properties on the landscape scale is often increased by anthropogenic land occupation, not only by current land use but also through the legacies of past land use systems. The remains of historic charcoal hearts are an example for such a disturbance of the soil landscape by former forestry. Such relict charcoal hearths (RCH) exhibit a clearly altered soil stratigraphy, most prominently characterized by a technogenic substrate layer on the soil surface, and their soil physical properties can considerably differ from those of surrounding forest soils. The aim of our study is to characterize the soil water and temperature regime on RHC in a pre-industrial charcoal production area in Brandenburg, Germany, as compared with the surrounding sandy forest soils. Soil properties were analyzed in profiles on and around hearth sites and are monitored in a sensor transect equipped with soil moisture sensors and pF-meters. Results of soil sample analyses show differences in density and porosity between the RCH soils and surrounding forest soils, not only in the technogenic layer but also in the buried soil layers on hearth sites. The soil water characteristic curves determined in the laboratory indicate a modified pore size distribution and lower plant available water contents in the RCH soils. Preliminary results of the ongoing soil water monitoring, however, show increased soil wetness in the RCH soils, along with lower soil moisture tensions. Furthermore, the measurements show higher variations of soil temperature in RCH soils. The results affirm that the legacies of historic charcoal production can increase the spatial variability of soil physical properties and therefore also of ecological site conditions in forest areas. The results of soil moisture monitoring suggest that a determination of soil physical parameters in the laboratory is not sufficient to characterize the spatio-temporal variations of the soil water regime. Y1 - 2018 UR - https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2018/EGU2018-10115.pdf N1 - EGU2018-10115 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Takla, Melanie A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra ED - Schopper, Franz T1 - Mit dem GIS zur Landschaftsgeschichte. Datengrundlage und Forschungsansatz zum Modell der frühindustriellen Holzkohleproduktion in der Jänschwalder Heide T2 - Ausgrabungen im Niederlausitzer Braunkohlenrevier 2009/2010 Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-3-910011-73-1 SP - 267 EP - 273 PB - Brandenburgisches Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologisches Landesmuseum CY - Wünsdorf ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rösler, Horst A1 - Bönisch, Eberhard A1 - Schopper, Franz A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra ED - Kluiving, Sjoerd ED - Guttmann-Bond, Erika T1 - Pre-industrial Carcoal Production in southern Brandenburg and its impact on the environment T2 - Landscape Archaeology between Art and Science Y1 - 2012 SN - 978-90-8964-418-3 SP - 167 EP - 178 PB - Amsterdam University Press CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Takla, Melanie A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Müller, Frank A1 - Heußner, Karl-Uwe A1 - Rösler, Horst T1 - Reconstructing anthropogenic landscape transformation in the surroundings of the ironwork Peitz (SE Brandenburg, Germany) - 16th to mid-19th centuries T2 - 4th International Landscape Archaeology Conference, Uppsala, 22nd - 25th August 2016 N2 - Various sources provide information about land use history and landscape transformation. For a variety of reasons, the quality of information differs and is often discontinuous or incomplete. In this interdisciplinary study we take advantage of comprehensive archaeological data gathered by large-scale excavations that were necessary because of opencast lignite mining in Lusatia, Brandenburg, Germany. By using a GIS we integrate these archaeological findings with results from archival and literature studies, from historical maps, from landforms and soils as well as from analyses of shaded-relief maps derived from up-to-date LiDAR data. The long-term aim is to develop a palaeoenvironmental model and thus to reconstruct landscape changes caused by human activities. The focus of the study is the Peitz ironwork in SE Brandenburg, which was a large consumer of commodities for about 300 years. During the time it operated, extensive transformations are supposed to have affected the landscape in the vicinity because of wood consumption and especially charcoal production. Digital datasets about forested areas for different timespans reconstructed from historical maps were made available. In combination with dendrochronological dating of charred trees, the spatiotemporal dimension of charcoal kilns was determined. Also, sites of former bog iron ore mining could be identified. Moreover, the different sources contain further information about other forms of land uses such as agriculture, pastoralism and even viticulture. In conclusion we can highlight that the mosaic of past land use systems is different from the modern structure but that major changes in the forests have been retained. Y1 - 2016 UR - http://www.arkeologi.uu.se/digitalAssets/447/c_447246-l_1-k_20160816_lac_booklet.pdf SP - S. 152 PB - Department of archaeology and ancient history, Uppsala university, CY - Uppsala ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Takla, Melanie A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra ED - Raab, Thomas ED - Hirsch, Florian ED - Raab, Alexandra ED - Schopper, Franz ED - Freytag, Klaus T1 - Standort 4 - Eisenhüttenwerk Peitz. Die frühindustrielle Köhlerei in der Jänschwalder Heide (Niederlausitz). Eine GIS-basierte Rekonstruktion des Wald- und Landschaftszustandes mithilfe historischer Karten ab dem 18. Jahrhundert T2 - Tagungsband und Exkursionsführer, Arbeitskreis Geoarchäologie- Jahrestagung 2013, 2.-4.5.2013, BTU Cottbus N2 - Die hier vorgestellte Forschungsarbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Rekonstruktion der Landschafts- und Umweltgeschichte mithilfe Geographischer Informationssysteme (GIS) und historischer Karten. In einem Modell sollen die räumliche Dimension der Köhlerei, der damit verbundene Holzverbrauch, der Zustand der Wälder, die vorhandene Infrastruktur etc. errechnet und dargestellt werden. Zeitlicher Schwerpunkt ist die zweite Hälfte des 18. Jahrhunderts und die Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts. Y1 - 2013 UR - https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-btu/files/4061/GeoRS+Vol.2pdf_a.pdf SP - 89 EP - 97 PB - BTU Cottbus CY - Cottbus ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Takla, Melanie A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra ED - Raab, Thomas ED - Hirsch, Florian ED - Raab, Alexandra ED - Schopper, Franz ED - Freytag, Klaus T1 - Die frühindustrielle Köhlerei in der Jänschwalder Heide (Tagebau Jänschwalde, Niederlausitz). Eine GIS-basierte Rekonstruktion des Wald- und Landschaftszustandes mithilfe historischer Karten ab dem 18. Jahrhundert T2 - Tagungsband und Exkursionsführer, Arbeitskreis Geoarchäologie - Jahrestagung 2013, 2.-4.5.2013, BTU Cottbus Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-40619 SP - S. 47 PB - BTU Cottbus CY - Cottbus ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Naeth, M. Anne A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Alexandra T1 - Contributing towards a conceptual model of soil-landscape co-evolution: observations from historic mining sites in Alberta, Canada T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria N2 - At the former Diplomat Mine near Forestburg, Alberta, Canada we find a diverse soil landscape which can help to conceptualize factors and processes controlling initial pedogenesis and soil distribution on very young landforms in prairie environments. Due to differing reclamation practices in the 1950s and landslides occurring after spoil dumping, four areas can be distinguished by GoogleMaps/LiDAR evaluation and onsite field survey: (i) not-mined, (ii) stock piled and unreclaimed, (iii) stock piled and reclaimed and (iv) affected by post-mining geomorphodynamics and quasi-natural redeposition. The parent material for areas (ii) to (iv) was initially dumped by spreaders but only (ii) didn’t undergo further change. Landscape (iii) has seen levelling of the piles by heavy machinery. Features of landscape (iv) are formed by reshaping the originally dumped and levelled structures. This last landscape unit marks the rim of the former mine adjacent to the river valley. In practice, mining activities formed new valley slopes. In contrast to the naturally developed slopes the mine slopes were less stable. Vegetation, which could have hindered slope wash erosion, was missing after dumping the spoil slopes. Slopes were very steep (or practically undercut) and therefore, substrates were naturally re-located by mass movements such as sliding and slumping. Characteristic sliding and slumping structures can be identified in the close-ups of the LiDAR images. Both processes, mass movement and slope wash erosion, may have overlapped. Landscape (ii) is the most contrasting one. Dumped stock piles formed elongated, curved and steep ridges. These landforms do not have a natural analogue but clearly show their technological origin. Most interesting are differences in vegetation. South and southwest facing slopes are covered with grassland whereas north and northeast facing slopes are covered with aspen trees. Some of the ditches are filled with water and form small elongated ponds. The characteristic geomorphology of the prairie can be found in landscape (i). Distinct differences are found in properties and types of soils in these four landscapes. Natural soils and pile soils characteristically differ in parent material and soil horizons. No information is gathered yet for the reclaimed soils and the landslides soils due to prohibited access. However, based on what we find at the former Diplomat Mine we can conclude that distribution, development and properties of unreclaimed soils in historical open cast mines in Alberta are primarily controlled by parent material and topography. The geomorphological set-up is dominating the trajectory of vegetation development and post-mining geomorphodynamics. Contrasting slope aspects determine micro climatic conditions and lead to different vegetation types. This has likely had an effect on soil development and soil properties (especially carbon stocks). Further studies will be conducted to quantify these differing soil properties to refine this conceptual model of initial pedogenesis and soil distribution on very young landforms in the prairie landscapes. Y1 - 2016 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2016/EGU2016-2457.pdf N1 - EGU2016-2457 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Błaszkiewicz, Mirosław A1 - Kordowski, Jarosław A1 - Noryskiewicz, Agnieszka M. A1 - Tyszkowski, Sebastian A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Late Quaternary landscape development at the margin of the Pomeranian phase (MIS 2) near Lake Wygonin (Northern Poland) T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015 KW - late quaternary landscape development Y1 - 2015 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2015/EGU2015-3547-1.pdf N1 - EGU2015-3547-1 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Buras, Allan A1 - Maaten, Ernst van der A1 - Takla, Melanie A1 - Räbiger, Christin A1 - Cruz-García, Roberto A1 - Wilmking, Martin T1 - Effects of historic charcoal burning on soil properties T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015 KW - historic charcoal burning Y1 - 2015 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2015/EGU2015-3574-2.pdf N1 - EGU2015-3574-2 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Buras, Allan A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Maaten, Ernst van der A1 - Takla, Melanie A1 - Räbiger, Christin A1 - Cruz-García, Roberto A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Wilmking, Martin T1 - Charcoal kiln relicts - a favorable site for tree growth? T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April – 17 May 2015 Y1 - 2015 N1 - EGU2015-3257 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Takla, Melanie A1 - Müller, Frank A1 - Rösler, Horst A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Forestry and charcoal burning in the vicinity of the ironwork Peitz (South Brandenburg, Germany) - What do we know from historical and archaeological data? T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April – 02 May 2014 N2 - The former royal forest districts around Peitz (South Brandenburg, Germany) were used to produce charcoal for the ironwork Peitz (1554 to 1856). More than 800 archaeologically excavated ground plans of charcoal kilns give evidence of the burning activity in the study area “Jänschwalde Heide” which is only a small part of the whole forest district. The study area in the apron of the active lignite mine Jänschwalde comprises the royal forest “Jänschwalder Heide” and the surrounding community forests. Our study approach combines archaeological research, a GIS-based approach (historical maps, airborne laser scanning (ALS) data, etc.) and archival studies. Y1 - 2014 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2014/EGU2014-3858-1.pdf N1 - EGU2014-3858-1 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Takla, Melanie A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Quantitative analysis of anthropogenic relief features: automated mapping of charcoal kiln sites from high-resolution ALS data T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April – 02 May 2014 N2 - High-resolution digital elevation data from airborne laser scanning (ALS) allow for identification and mapping of so far unknown small-scale relief features that are hidden by forest cover. Especially as a result of historic land use, small anthropogenic landforms can occur, e.g., remains of charcoal kilns on sites that were used for charcoal production or ridge and furrow systems in former farmland areas. Mapping such relief features and analyzing their spatial distribution patterns can help to understand past land-use systems and their effects on landscapes. To efficiently detect and quantify small-scale relief features from high-resolution DEMs for larger areas, (semi-) automated mapping routines are required. Y1 - 2014 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2014/EGU2014-2795.pdf N1 - EGU2014-2795 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Takla, Melanie A1 - Müller, Frank A1 - Rösler, Horst A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas ED - Schwab, Markus J. ED - Theuerkauf, Martin ED - Brauer, Achim ED - Wilmking, Martin ED - Lampe, Reinhard T1 - Forestry and charcoal burning in the vicinity of the ironwork Peitz (South Brandenburg, Germany) – What do we know from historical and archaeological data? T2 - 3rd Annual ICLEA Workshop 2014, Dynamics of Climate and Landscape Evolution of Cultural Landscapes in the Northern Central European Lowlands since the Last Ice Age Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2312/GFZ.b103-14028 SP - 51 PB - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences CY - Potsdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Takla, Melanie A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas ED - Schwab, Markus J. ED - Theuerkauf, Martin ED - Brauer, Achim ED - Wilmking, Martin ED - Lampe, Reinhard T1 - Automated detection of small-scale anthropogenic relief features from high-resolution ALS-data T2 - 3rd Annual ICLEA Workshop 2014, Dynamics of Climate and Landscape Evolution of Cultural Landscapes in the Northern Central European Lowlands since the Last Ice Age Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b103-14028 SP - S. 49 PB - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences CY - Potsdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas ED - Schwab, Markus J. ED - Theuerkauf, Martin ED - Brauer, Achim ED - Wilmking, Martin ED - Lampe, Reinhard T1 - Evidence pf (pre-) historic to modern landscape development and land use history in Lower Lusatia (Brandenburg, Germany) T2 - 3rd Annual ICLEA Workshop 2014, Dynamics of Climate and Landscape Evolution of Cultural Landscapes in the Northern Central European Lowlands since the Last Ice Age Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2312/GFZ.b103-14028 SP - 47 PB - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences CY - Potsdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Pötzsch, Bastian A1 - Fritzsche, Marie A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas ED - Schwab, Markus J. ED - Theuerkauf, Martin ED - Brauer, Achim ED - Wilmking, Martin ED - Lampe, Reinhard T1 - Influence of charcoal burning induced pyrolysis on soils T2 - 3rd Annual ICLEA Workshop 2014, Dynamics of Climate and Landscape Evolution of Cultural Landscapes in the Northern Central European Lowlands since the Last Ice Age Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2312/GFZ.b103-14028 SP - 41 PB - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences CY - Potsdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Evidence of (pre-) historic to modern landscape development and land use history in Lower Lusatia (Brandenburg, Germany) T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April – 02 May 2014 N2 - In the apron of three active lignite opencast pits in Lower Lusatia (Brandenburg, Germany), archaeological survey trenches were investigated in areas where Quaternary aeolian sand deposits are widespread. The investigated palaeoenvironmental archives in Jänschwalde, Cottbus-Nord and Welzow contain evidence of fluvial and aeolian morphodynamics, soil formation and agricultural land use from (pre-)historic to modern times. To study the age and the causes of sand drifting and landform stabilization, standard soil physical and chemical laboratory analyses as well as optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and radiocarbon dating (14C) were carried out. Two main sedimentological units were identified: Unit 1 consists of glacio-fluvial and Late Weichselian aeolian sands representing the parent material for the native Podsol-Braunerde and Podsol development, while Unit 2 represents the Late Holocene aeolian deposits. Four periods of Late glacial and Holocene aeolian activity and three phases of geomorphological stability have been identified: (i) Aeolian sedimentation during the Late glacial, (ii) Mesolithic reactivation of aeolian processes, (iii) soil formation until Late Roman Iron Age settlers intensified the agricultural land use, (iv) intensive drift sand formation during the High Middle Ages due to agricultural expansion, (v) stabilization of the drift sands and weak soil formation, (vi) reactivation of aeolian processes due to the increasing wood consumption and charcoal production from the early 16th until the mid-19th century, (vii) surface stabilization and formation of Regosols since the mid-19th century due to afforestation. Y1 - 2014 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2014/EGU2014-3404-1.pdf N1 - EGU2014-3404-1 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Takla, Melanie A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Rösler, Horst A1 - Bönisch, Eberhard T1 - Human-induced landscape dynamics in South Brandenburg - findings from different geoarchives T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April – 02 May 2014 N2 - South Brandenburg is the central part of the North European Lowland (NEL) extending as a plain landscape from the North and Baltic Sea to the foothills of the Central European Highlands and reaching from the Netherlands to Poland. Since many decades lignite opencast mines have been operating in this region which is known as the Lusatian mining district. The total land demand in Lusatia is about 852 square kilometres and mining will continue for many more years or even decades. Large-scale outcrops resulting from these mining activities are excellent archives to study the younger Earth’s history. The scope of our research in open cast mines is to reconstruct the Late Quaternary landscape development and to distinguishing natural from anthropogenic forcing and processes. In more detail, the aims are to identify and to quantify the impact of past land uses, i.e. changes of vegetation, landforms and soils induced by agriculture and/or forestry. Here, we are presenting latest results from our research and review important findings giving novel insights into man-induced environmental changes in Lusatia within the past thousands years and thus improving the general understanding of Late Quaternary landscape dynamics. Y1 - 2014 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2014/EGU2014-1852-1.pdf N1 - EGU2014-1852-1 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Pötzsch, Bastian A1 - Fritzsche, Marie A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Influence of charcoal burning induced pyrolysis on soils T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April – 02 May 2014 N2 - In Lusatia, Northeastern Germany, the production of ironware between the 16th and 19th century left behind a remarkable amount of charcoal kilns in the forests north of Cottbus. Remote sensing surveys, underpinned by archaeological studies, show that charcoal was gained around Cottbus from several thousand charcoal kilns which had internal diameters up to 20 m. For the study site with 35 km2 area, the until now prospected total ground area below the charcoal kilns which was potentially affected by the pyrolysis is about 0,5 km2. Historic data indicates that the pyrolysis in the charcoal kiln took up to several weeks, for the kilns with a diameter of 20 m about 20 days. To characterize the depth of thermal alteration of soils below the kiln our current focus is on the differentiation of the iron hydroxides by small-scale vertical analysis of soil profiles. Y1 - 2014 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2014/EGU2014-2557.pdf N1 - EGU2014-2557 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER -