TY - GEN A1 - Drohan, Patrick J. A1 - Bayuzick, Samuel A1 - Guarin, Daniel A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Diefenbach, Duane A1 - McDill, Marc T1 - USA Appalachian relict charcoal hearths have complex landscape and pedologic patterns that are unique from surrounding forest ecosystems T2 - EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23–27 May 2022 N2 - Understanding how present-day abrupt change may alter forest ecosystem services is becoming more important due to ever-growing anthropogenic stresses. Forest managers trying the adapt to anthropogenic stress can benefit from the study and quantification of past abrupt changes in forests, especially when the legacy of past disturbance is still evident. Across the United Kingdom, Europe, and recently the northeastern United States, the examination of historic forest change due to charcoal manufacturing for the firing of iron or lime furnaces is yielding new insights relative to landscape stability, anthropogenic vs natural soil genesis, and forest evolution. A landscape classification process was used in the Central Appalachians (Pennsylvania) to identify 6,758 RCHs near Greenwood Furnace (Greenwood Furnace State Park) and Pine Grove Furnace (Pine Grove Furnace State Park). Topographic wetness index (TWI), and SAGA wetness index (SWI) were created using ~1m LiDAR data for two study areas to quantify surface hydrology effects and were compared to field soil volumetric water content (VWC) measurements. Modeled TWI and SWI values were different for RCH areas when compared to surrounding non-hearth areas indicating that RCHs were acting as a moisture sink. We also found that RCH platforms have different TWI and SWI values than rim areas. Using field measured volumetric water content, we found that as distance from the center of the RCH increases, the drier the soil becomes. Geomorphic position did not affect wetness. Surface soil samples were collected at 51 RCHs in the Greenwood Furnace study area. Laboratory analyses revealed that RCH soils have higher C content than surrounding native soils. Furthermore, while the pH of RCH soils is like native soils, the acidity is greater in RCHs. RCH soils at Greenwood Furnace were found to have lower Mehlich 3 P concentrations and lower K potentially effecting plant growth. RCH soils were found to have higher Ca concentration when compared to native soils. To examine within RCH differences in soil chemistry and morphology more closely, 8 of the 51 RCHs were sampled intensely along a topographic gradient. Control pits were excavated directly upslope from the RCHs. The RCHs were sampled in 5 positions across the hearth from the upslope to down slope position (A upslope rim of the RCH; B halfway point between A and C; C RCH center; D halfway C and E; E downslope rim of the RCH). Soil profiles were described and sampled at each position. The soil samples were analyzed for trace and rare earth element content (Aqua Regia digestion), soil pH (water) and fertility (Mehlich 3 extraction). Results indicated that RCHs are potentially a unique location of refugia for forest flora and perhaps fauna due to the unique geochemistry with higher bases and C and some concentrated metals and a higher soil water content hypothesized to be due to an observed restrictive morphology. Future research should more closely investigate whether RCHs support unique species assemblages and how they may play a role in enhancing today’s forest biodiversity. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-10315 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ramezany, Shaghayegh A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Comparing prediction algorithms in FTIR-based chemometric analysis to predict soil variables within centuries-old charcoal rich Technosols T2 - EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23–27 May 2022 N2 - As an alternative to the costly wet chemical analysis of soil, Machine Learning (ML) algorithms can be applied for the quantification of soil properties through prediction models. In this study, we evaluate the performances of the Random Forest (RF) algorithm and Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR), in the prediction of soil variables, including CEC, pH, total contents of C and N as wells as other elements (Al, Fe, Ca, Mn, Mg, K, and Na) based on FTIR-spectra of Relict Charcoal Hearth (RCH) soils and reference forest soils (Non-RCH). We investigate the effect of high quantities of charcoal in the soil on the prediction models. Preliminary results suggest that there is no significant difference in the results of prediction models for total N, C, and Fe contents, while the accuracy of PLSR in the prediction of pH, Mg, and Ca, and RF performance in prediction of pH and C decreased for RCH soils. Both algorithms demonstrate higher accuracies in the prediction of Al within the RCH soils. Prediction of CEC, Na, K, Mg (RF) within the RCH soils, Al (PLSR) for Non-RCH soils, and Mn and Ca (RF) for both soil types resulted in lower quality of predictions. It can be inferred from the results that the performance of FTIR-based prediction models can be affected by the presence of charcoal in soil due to the nature of spectral features reflecting the soil composition. The presence of charcoal in soil likely alters the absorption interference and peak overlaps, which can result in lower accuracy of the prediction models. In addition to the accuracy of the prediction models, we evaluate the reliability of the weighted wavenumbers (as important variables) in each prediction, which provides information about the correlation of spectral features and chemical properties. It can be studied through the Variable Importance Plot in RF and Variable Importance on Projection through PLSR (VIPs), which show high potential for studying soil composition and metal distribution in mineral and organic soil fractions despite the observed weaknesses in weighing wavenumbers in predictions. Therefore, we assess and compare the quality of information gained regarding soil chemical properties from the algorithms besides a sole quantification of soil parameters. Furthermore, we applied the developed prediction models on a large number (n > 600) of FTIR-spectra of RCH soils to investigate the practical application of the models and thereby compare spectral derived chemical properties of the studied Technosols and reference forest soils. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-5507 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Matvejeva, Agne A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Dietrich, Nils A1 - Heinrich, Martina A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Fiber hemp as a feasible crop for enhancing carbon sequestration and cultivation under water scarcity in sandy agricultural soils T2 - EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23–27 May 2022 N2 - Extended dry periods and increasing soil degradation compel the conventional agriculture to shift towards the sustainable practices. Hemp (Cannabis Sativa L.) accounts for crops that require low agricultural inputs and has a high potential to improve soil health hence fertility. The rapid hemp growth, high biomass production and remarkably expanded rooting zone have the vast potential in carbon (C) sequestration and nitrogen (N) fixation. Hemp fibers in the European Union (EU) are commonly used for pulp and paper industry and isolation materials. The study aims to (i) analyze hemp feasibility to grow and contribute to C sequestration under the water scarce conditions in initially nutrient-poor arable sandy soil with high and low canopy densities, and (ii) assess the use of hemp residues like shives and leaves as soil amendments for oat and corn crops in order to increase soil water holding capacity and serve as a long-term nutrient supply. Hemp, oat and corn crops were grown in a greenhouse experiment under LED illumination and wind ventilation for 17 h per day until the harvest. Hemp fibers were obtained through decortication. The biomass of all crops, hemp roots separated into fine and main, soil prior and after the experiment, and soil amendments were investigated for the total C and N content with an ELEMENTAR Vario Max Cube. Also, the elemental analysis for Ca, Mg, K, Zn, Cu, Fe, Al, Na was performed using HNO3 and MP-AES analyses. Total dry root mass for oat and corn crops was measured. Additionally, the soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC) were determined. The results showed that water scarcity had hindered hemp height and biomass production. While under the water limited conditions, the low hemp canopy density had showed slightly advanced growth in comparison to the high canopy density. Furthermore, the results of oat and corn experiment indicated difference between the treatments, where the soil amendment from hemp leaves compared to hemp shives showed enhanced growth in both plant and root biomass Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-2564 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Matvejeva, Agne A1 - Dietrich, Nils A1 - Heinrich, Martina A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Cultivation of fiber hemp using solid and liquid residues from municipal composting in a closed system T2 - EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23–27 May 2022 N2 - Progressing degradation of agricultural soil demands a change to more sustainable cropping systems accounting for crops that can sustain the soil health. Hemp is known for the improvement of soil physical, chemical and biological properties. The objective of the research is to analyze the hemp plant capability to grow under nutrient poor soil conditions and dense canopy and to assess hemp’s ability to uptake plant nutrients applied with/by soil amendments produced from biowaste. Additionally, the research aims to analyze how the hemp nutrition affects its morphogenesis, thus the fiber content. In the greenhouse set up, Cannabis Sativa L. was grown in sandy substrate, with limited water supply that corresponded to the common drought periods in Brandenburg (Germany) and with addition of soil amendments in form of pellets from organic waste (OW) digestives. The treatments included: 5 control pots, 10 pots with pellets (19 kg soil / 230 g pellets according to the allowed application of 13 t/ha) and 10 pots with 19 kg soil / 3 kg pellets. When needed, a universal liquid fertilizer was applied which contained water soluble minerals like N, P2O5 and K2O. After 92 days, the plants were harvested, dried and weighted. The root structure was examined visually. The stems were decorticated using BMS-FLAKSY® (Rossmanith GmbH) to analyze the fiber content. The Elementar vario MAX cube analyzer device was used to analyse C and N contents. The results showed that hemp could still flourish in water and nutrient limited environment. A deeper and denser rooting was observed in the treatments with pellets. It was observed that fine roots were encircled and attached to the pellets to access the nutrients stored there. The highest C:N ratio in soil and in leaves was found in treatments that contained the most pellets. The option to apply pellets produced from OW in larger quantities instead of a fertilizer application had a striking effect on hemp growth and biomass accumulation hence, increased dry matter amount and fiber yield. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-1681 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bork, Hans-Rudolf A1 - Fritzsch, Dagmar A1 - Khamnueva-Wendt, Svetlana A1 - Meier, Dirk A1 - Mentzer, Susan M. A1 - Miller, Christopher E. A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Röpke, Astrid A1 - Schumacher, Mara Lou A1 - Stahlschmidt, Mareike C. A1 - Stäuble, Harald A1 - Stolz, Christian A1 - Wendt, Jann ED - Stolz, Christian ED - Miller, Christopher E. T1 - Künstliche Ablagerungen T2 - Geoarchäologie N2 - Der fachgerechten Einordnung von Ablagerungen, die aktiv durch den Menschen erzeugt wurden, und der daraus resultierenden Formen kommt in der Geoarchäologie eine Schlüsselrolle zu. Das Kapitel befasst sich zunächst mit künstlichen Aufschüttungen in unterschiedlichen Teilen der Welt, wie Hügeln unterschiedlicher Größe, Bedeutung und Funktion, Wallburgen, Ringwälle, Landwehren und Warften, weiterhin mit Siedlungshügeln, sogenannten Tells, sowie mit speziellen Formen der Agrarlandschaft (Raine, Knicks u. a.). Weiterhin geht es um die in der Archäologie stets bedeutsamen Verfüllungen von Gräben, Gruben und anderen menschgemachten Hohlformen, sowie um Ablagerungen im unmittelbaren Siedlungsbereich und deren Einordnung. Der letzte Abschnitt widmet sich künstlichen Ablagerungen und Formen infolge von Bergbau, wie Halden und Pingen und der damit verbundenen Beeinflussung von Böden und Relief. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62774-7_10 SP - 165 EP - 206 PB - Springer Spektrum CY - Berlin, Heidelberg ER - TY - GEN A1 - Buras, Allan A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Scharnweber, Tobias A1 - Maaten, Ernst van der A1 - Cruz-García, Roberto A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Wilmking, Martin T1 - Reduced above-ground growth and wood density but increased wood chemical concentrations of Scots pine on relict charcoal hearths T2 - Science of The Total Environment N2 - Deciphering the drivers of tree growth is a central aim of dendroecology. In this context, soil conditions may play a crucial role, since they determine the availability of water and nutrients for trees. Yet, effects of systematically differing soil conditions on tree growth render a marginally studied topic. In this context, relict charcoal hearths (RCH) – a widespread legacy of anthropogenic charcoal production – render a valuable ‘natural’ experiment to study possible effects of artificially altered soil conditions on tree growth. We hypothesize, that the differing physico-chemical properties of RCH result in differing wood properties if compared to trees growing on unmodified soils. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed tree-growth, wood density, and wood elemental concentrations of Scots pine as well as physico-chemical soil properties. We applied a classic control-treatment design to compare RCH with unmodified soils. Our analyses identified significantly lower above-ground wood production but systematically higher wood elemental concentrations in RCH-trees compared to control trees. Since we could not identify treatment-specific growth patterns, we hypothesize the observed lower above-ground productivity of Scots pine to indicate an increased root-shoot ratio to compensate for a potentially lower plant water availability on RCH-sites. The observed higher wood elemental concentrations likely reflect higher soil elemental concentrations of Fe, Ca, K, and Mn in RCH soils. In conclusion, our study highlights diverse effects of RCH on tree growth and wood properties and strengthens the value of dendro-chemistry to use the tree-ring archive as proxy for soil conditions within a dendro-ecological context. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137189 SN - 1879-1026 SN - 0048-9697 VL - 717 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kästner, Friederike A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Grimm, Mark A1 - Feilhauer, Hannes A1 - Küster, Theres A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Identification of potential toxic elements (PTE) in Technosols and in the hyperaccumulator plant Brassica juncea with imaging spectroscopy T2 - 12th EARSeL Workshop on Imaging Spectroscopy N2 - Vital, fertile soil is a limited resource and must be considered equal to air and water in its status as a protected good. In Europe, there are around 2.5 million potentially contaminated due to natural and anthropogenic activities. One third of these areas have been identified and 15% of them have already been remediated. An efficient approach for remediation is phytoremediation, a cost-effective and ecosystem-friendly method compared to conventional methods. We showed that hyperaccumulator plants, which have a high tolerance to the accumulation of potentially toxic elements (PTE), are suitable for phytoremediation methods. Imaging spectroscopy allowed us to monitor and optimize the process of accumulation. Our study was conducted in two steps: First we analysed the potential of multivariate procedures using Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) and Random Forest Regression (RFR) to predict highly contaminated areas with an inhomogeneous distribution of PTE concentrations from image data. Therefore, we used contaminated soil samples analysed for heavy metal contents as training data. The fully-trained models assisted to monitor PTE contaminated areas during phytoremediation. In a second step, we investigated hyperaccumulator plants and their spectral fingerprints during PTE uptake to detect the highest possible amount of PTE the plant can tolerate. Soil samples were measured after different preparation steps (“oven-dried”, “sieved”, “ground”, “Loss on Ignition (LOI)”) with a HySpex VNIR-1600 and HySpex SWIR 320m-e hyperspectral sensor under laboratory conditions. The spectral range of both sensors covers 450 nm to 2500 nm with a spectral sampling interval of 3.7 nm for the VNIR sensor and 6.25 nm for the SWIR sensor. The resulting spectral library was used for the PLSR and RFR analysis. Considering the optimal coefficient of determination (R2), PLSR showed an improving performance and accuracy with increasing preparation steps: R2_Cr: 0.52–0.78; R2_Cu: 0.36–0.73; R2_Ni: 0.19–0.42 and R2_Zn: 0.41–0.74. In comparison, RFR showed a weaker estimation performance, even when using higher sample preparation levels (R2_Cr:0.36–0.62; R2_Cu: 0.17–0.72; R2_Ni: 0.20–0.35 and R2_Zn: 0.26–0.67). The results indicate that PLSR provides a more robust estimation than the user-friendly RFR method. Additionally, the PTE estimation performance in strong heterogeneous soil samples can be improved by pre-treatment of soil samples in the laboratory. Second, we cultivated Brassica juncea in a greenhouse and applied the plants with different controlled zinc, nickel and copper concentration levels (low, medium, high). Measurements with a HySpex VNIR-SWIR hyperspectral sensor (408-2500 nm) and a point spectrometer PSR+ from Spectral Evolution (350-2500 nm) were conducted in-situ and in the laboratory. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on reflectance spectra to identify and visualize spectral changes with increasing PTE uptake. In addition, different indices were calculated, such as Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Red-Edge Inflection Point (REIP). First results revealed changes at the chlorophyll feature between 500-600 nm and at the REIP position with increasing PTE concentration. Further spectral features and indices will be investigated to check hyperspectral responses of PTE concentration. With reflectance imaging we are already able to detect differences of the PTE accumulation within the hyperaccumulator plants. Y1 - 2022 UR - http://is.earsel.org/workshop/12-IS-Potsdam2022/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/programm-booklet_long_complete_v2.pdf SP - 152 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bayuzick, Samuel A1 - Guarin, Daniel A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Diefenbach, Duane A1 - McDill, Marc A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Drohan, Patrick J. T1 - Small anthropogenic landforms from past charcoal production control moisture dynamics and chemistry in northcentral Appalachian soils T2 - Geomorphology N2 - Throughout the northeastern United States (U.S.) and Europe, relict charcoal hearths (RCHs) are regularly being discovered in proximity to furnaces once used for the extraction of metal from ore or quick-lime production; charcoal produced in hearths was used as a furnace fuel. Given previous research has shown that topographic and subsurface disturbance can be great when a hearth is constructed, we hypothesize that hearth construction alters surface hydrology and soil chemistry in environments in and near hearths. We used a landscape classification process to identify 6758 hearths near furnaces at Greenwood and Pine Grove Furnace State Park, central and southcentral Pennsylvania, U.S. Two types of digital elevation model wetness indexes were used to quantify surface hydrology effects in and around hearths. Modeled wetness conditions were compared to field soil volumetric water content in RCHs near Greenwood Furnace State Park. Modeled wetness indexes indicate that RCH interiors are significantly wetter than RCH rim areas; RCHs are acting as a landscape moisture sink. Results also indicate that RCHs on slopes result in downslope drier conditions below RCHs. Field measured volumetric water content indicates that as distance from the center of the hearth increases, soil moisture significantly decreases. Geomorphic position was found to not be related to RCH wetness. Soil from RCHs, compared to nearby native soils, has significantly higher total C, a lower Mehlich 3 extractable acidity, higher Ca and P. No trend was evident with RCH soil chemistry and geomorphic position. The high frequency of RCH occurrence, in proximity to the furnace's RCHs supported, suggests that RCHs today could locally be an important niche for understory flora and fauna. Further research could explore how RCHs might be affecting surrounding plant populations and how within RCH patterns, especially on hillslopes, might represent a distinctly different scale of physical and chemical variability. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169555X22002720 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108379 SN - 1872-695X VL - 415 SP - 1 EP - 11 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bayuzick, Samuel A1 - Guarin, Daniel A1 - Benavides, Jhony A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Diefenbach, Duane A1 - McDill, Marc A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Drohan, Patrick J. T1 - Soil and geomorphic patterns within relict charcoal hearths could represent unique ecosystem niches T2 - Geomorphology N2 - Hearths used for 19th and 20th century charcoal manufacturing have been found to have unique plant communities or to produce unique growth characteristics for some species but not others. Given known differences in hearth morphology, within hearth physical and chemical differences may exist and result in unique ecologic niches. We examined soil stratigraphy across 8 relict charcoal hearths (RCH) and control soils on different landforms near a 19th century furnace complex (Greenwood Furnace, northcentral Appalachians USA). Soils were analyzed for particle size, total and trace elements, and fertility. Platform creation resulted in soils from upslope RCH positions mixed with subsurface materials on the downslope side to create a stabilized platform. The thin, uniform thickness of charcoal surface horizons (Ac) indicate that RCHs were not used more than once for charcoal manufacturing or that charcoal was always removed very efficiently. While rubification of soil or rock from high heat was seen in 6 of 8 sites sampled, it was not extensive across sampled areas of any one hearth, which indicate hearth use may not be frequent, hot enough, or spatially disparate. Soil fertility characteristics change within RCHs but also by landscape position. Downslope RCH positions are enriched in some parameters compared to control soils (total C, Mehlich 3 Mg, Ca, and Aquia Regia digestion Mn) and that enrichment often is from the surface downward. Downslope enrichment within RCH soils may have occurred from charcoal and released ions, slope erosion and accumulation, or transportation of constructed materials during RCH creation. Landscape position may accentuate or mute soil chemistry differences. Greenwood Furnace RCHs have unique patterns of chemistry, which could result in unique niches for flora and maybe fauna within RCH. Future research could more closely investigate whether hearths support unique species assemblages and how they may play a role in enhancing today’s forest biodiversity. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169555X22004184 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108525 SN - 1872-695X VL - 422 SP - 1 EP - 16 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Grandas Tavera, Camila A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Holguin Trujillo, Laura T1 - Valorization of biogas digestate as organic fertilizer for closing the loop on the economic viability to develop biogas projects in Colombia T2 - Cleaner and Circular Bioeconomy N2 - This study aims to find the best digestate valorization pathway in the Colombian context in order to foster biogas (BG) projects' economic viability and their sustainability. The GICON's BG power plant is intended to treat 19,710 t/y of fruit and vegetable wastes (FVW) from local wholesale markets in Cali, Colombia. Experimental feedstock and digestate characterization carried by Universidad ICESI and CIAT, integration of mass, energy, and nutrient balances of residues with the methodological approach based on structural analysis and expert's survey allowed further assessment of the BG project's economic viability on the proposed digestate valorization framework. Results suggested a significant profit by selling treated digestate through the vacuum evaporation (VE) technology. VE concentrated 27% of nitrogen, 18% of phosphorus, and 33% potassium of the feedstock. Furthermore, it reduced the volume of water, facilitating product transportation and making the product commercially attractive. This alternative exhibited the highest revenue for the BG project, and its expenses were slightly higher than the ones calculated for raw and separated digestate. Also, a positive return of the investment and financially worthiness could be expected, making the project economically feasible. These results provide a useful tool to evaluate future events and serve as a reference to support the BG project's viability by integrating them with the BG project's financial model and adapt the required conditions for desirable technologies. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772801322000318?via%3Dihub U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clcb.2022.100035 VL - 4 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Roß, Christina-Luise A1 - Raab, Thomas ED - Blume, Hans-Peter ED - Felix-Henningsen, Peter ED - Frede, Hans-Georg ED - Guggenberger, Georg ED - Horn, Rainer ED - Stahr, Karl T1 - Auswirkungen auf biologische Bodeneigenschaften T2 - Handbuch der Bodenkunde N2 - Die Ausbringung von abbaubarem organischem Material wirkt sich in den meisten Fällen positiv auf die biologische Aktivität sowie die Vielfalt der mikrobiellen Arten (Bakterien und Eukaryoten) im Boden aus. Grundsätzlich gilt dies auch für Bioabfälle, allerdings lassen sich kaum generelle Aussagen treffen, da die Wirkung auf das Bodenleben zu stark von der Qualität des Abfalls abhängt. Einige Bioabfallarten, z. B. aus der Olivenölgewinnung, können zudem ganz spezielle Probleme mit sich bringen, die eine Anwendung als Düngeprodukt oder Bodenhilfsstoff erschweren oder vollständig ausschließen. Insbesondere kommunale Abfälle können außerdem Plastik enthalten, das durch Abrieb und Zerkleinerung zu Partikeln zerfällt, die von Bodenorganismen unabsichtlich aufgenommen Zusammenfassung Die Ausbringung von abbaubarem organischem Material wirkt sich in den meisten Fällen positiv auf die biologische Aktivität sowie die Vielfalt der mikrobiellen Arten (Bakterien und Eukaryoten) im Boden aus. Grundsätzlich gilt dies auch für Bioabfälle, allerdings lassen sich kaum generelle Aussagen treffen, da die Wirkung auf das Bodenleben zu stark von der Qualität des Abfalls abhängt. Einige Bioabfallarten, z. B. aus der Olivenölgewinnung, können zudem ganz spezielle Probleme mit sich bringen, die eine Anwendung als Düngeprodukt oder Bodenhilfsstoff erschweren oder vollständig ausschließen. Insbesondere kommunale Abfälle können außerdem Plastik enthalten, das durch Abrieb und Zerkleinerung zu Partikeln zerfällt, die von Bodenorganismen unabsichtlich aufgenommen werden können. Hinsichtlich Abundanz und Diversität der Mikroorganismen ist der Nährstoffgehalt des Bioabfalls eine wesentliche Steuergröße. Von besonderer Bedeutung sind dabei Stickstoff, Phosphor, Kalium und Kohlenstoff. Die Applikation organischer Reststoffe als Dünger kann auch einen entscheidenden Beitrag zur Förderung von Nützlingen und zur Bekämpfung von schädlichen Makro- und Mikroorganismen leisten, da physikalische und chemische Bodeneigenschaften so verändert werden, dass günstige Bedingungen für erwünschte detritivore Gemeinschaften und sonstige Nützlinge entstehen. Zum Teil werden die Nützlinge sogar direkt mit dem organischen Material eingetragen, und Schädlinge können so durch Konkurrenz oder Prädation zurückgedrängt werden oder finden keine geeigneten Lebensbedingungen mehr vor. Krankheitserreger sind in organischen Abfällen reichlich vorhanden, mittels Pasteurisierung (1 h bei 70 °C) werden die meisten Humanpathogene jedoch abgetötet. Damit wird ein direktes Gesundheitsrisiko nahezu ausgeschlossen und der zunehmenden Verbreitung von bakteriellen Antibiotikaresistenzgenen in der Umwelt entgegengewirkt. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9783527678495.hbbk2021008 SN - 978-3-527-32129-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527678495.hbbk2021008 SP - 1 EP - 19 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Grimm, Mark A1 - Heinrich, Martina A1 - Baig, Sawdha A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Soil nitrogen pool and its fractions in German apple orchards under organic vs conventional management T2 - EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 24–28 Apr 2023 N2 - Agriculture is a massive production with intensive practices, like large variety of agro-chemicals, heavy machinery etc., that support food security. However, recently more and more attention is given to food safety in relation to human, environment and soil health. An alternative strategy is organic agriculture that avoids the use of synthetic chemicals and maintain the sustainable food production. But organic farming cannot completely support the worlds foods demand, so adaptation is needed to reach a sustainable productivity while protecting the environment. Soil nitrogen (N) pool consists of inorganic and organic fractions. Inorganic and a part of labile organic N is a primary nutrient source for plants and microbes. Different nitrogen fractions play various roles in soil ecosystems and can be strongly influenced by the site management. Soil nitrogen transformations are directly relatable to plant health, thus strongly influence healthy functioning of soil ecosystem. Knowledge about the soil nitrogen pools is necessary to assess the proper and sustainable fertilization approaches under various management practices. To evaluate various N fractions, fresh soil samples were sampled (20 cm depth, row and near tree) at 8 conventional and 8 organic apple farms (Germany: states of Brandenburg, Saxsony and Saxony-Anhalt), with various age, locations and management practices. Soil samples were analyzed using CNS, Kjeldhal digestion, spectrophotometer and chloroform fumigation. The aim of this study is to compare the total and labile (particulate organic, microbial biomass and water extractable organic) N fractions in soil samples considering various site management approaches, topography and climate. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-3208 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Grimm, Mark A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Heinrich, Martina T1 - Integrated analysis of Multifunctional Fruit production landscapes to promote ecosystem services and sustainable land-use under climate change (MultiFruit): Approaches and first results of soil sampling campaign T2 - EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 24–28 Apr 2023 N2 - Beginning in 2020 the research of the MultiFruit cluster seeks to optimize food production and the provision of ecosystem services in multifunctional landscapes. Joining agricultural production with the provision of ecosystem services and the preservation of biological diversity, the outcomes of this project aim to provide comprehensive findings to farmers, and the agricultural community as a whole, that are also applicable in the face of climate change. Active apple orchards located in greater Brandenburg, Germany of both organic and conventional management practices have been selected as the sites of research. The present state of organic apple orchards in Germany can best be described as organic “conventionalization”; high yielding orchards with little to no plant diversity, with the major differences being the substitution of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, and fungicides with organic alternatives certified by the Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (Bundesamt für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit). The project implements an interdisciplinary approach, with researchers of ecology, economics, soil and microbial sciences. The ecological subproject is investigating how local management measures and the surrounding landscapes affect natural pest control by beneficial insects. The soil group are investigating the toxicological and soil health impacts of conventional and organic practices through analysis of both plant and soil material collected from the orchards. Microbial studies seek to provide information on the microorganisms that promote the growth, health, and performance of fruit trees. The economic studies aim to assess the costs and benefits of management measures and resulting pest control services for fruit growers and society as a whole. The overall expected outcome of this cluster is to maximize ecosystem services provided by the orchards while optimizing yield and maintaining soil and orchard health. Here we show the preliminary results of the 2021 field campaign related to the soil group. The processed plant and soil material was analyzed at our laboratory and total elemental concentration of all constituents was determined using Microwave assisted MP-AES for select metals and cations (Zn, Cu, Fe, Al, Mg, Ca, K). These results, in conjunction with measured soil properties (pH, EC, Scheibler carbonate measurement, Total N, Total C) aid in the effort to determine the effects of the various management practices on the soil health and the mobility and translocation of metals and cations within the plant tissues. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-12714 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Verschoof-van der Vaart, Wouter A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Ouimet, William A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Automated large-scale mapping and analysis of relict charcoal hearths in Connecticut (USA) using a Deep Learning YOLOv4 framework T2 - Archaeological Prospection Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/arp.1889 SN - 1099-0763 SN - 1075-2196 VL - 30 IS - 3 SP - 251 EP - 266 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Grimm, Mark A1 - Kästner, Friederike A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Brassica juncea as a Feasible Hyperaccumulator of chosen potentially toxic metals under extreme environmental conditions T2 - International Journal of Environmental Research Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s41742-023-00528-8 SN - 1735-6865 VL - 17 IS - 3 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Jonczak, Jerzy A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Optimizing pyrolysis conditions of biochars derived from byproducts of forest and food industry for soil amendments T2 - Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, Einladung und Programm Halle (Saale), 2.-8. September 2023 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://conference.ufz.de/frontend/index.php?page_id=3985&v=List&do=15&day=all&ses=1235# ER - TY - GEN A1 - Grimm, Mark A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Impacts of Farming Practices on Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) and micronutrients in German Apple Orchards T2 - Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, Einladung und Programm Halle (Saale), 2.–8. September 2023 Y1 - 2023 SP - 78 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jouy, Florent A1 - Schüle, Maren A1 - Adhikari, Yojana A1 - Binder, Anja A1 - Clerc, Danica A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Heinken, Thilo A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Repmann, Frank A1 - Rönnefarth, Susanne A1 - Schirrmacher, Marina A1 - Schmehl, Marie-Therese A1 - Schröder, Jens A1 - Ibisch, Pierre L. T1 - Factors impacting the variability of post-fire forest regeneration in central European pine plantations T2 - Restoration Ecology N2 - Fire is increasingly posing a risk to forests and plantations, even in the temperate latitudes of central Europe. Little is known about fire ecology in this region, and therefore, appropriate approaches for the management and reforestation of burned sites are mostly lacking. In a Scots pine plantation region in Brandenburg (northeast Germany), the early tree regeneration of two nearby areas that burned 1 year apart was investigated. We observed that 3 years after the fire events, the forest in one study area showed a relatively high regeneration with a mean density of 7765 saplings/ha, clearly dominated by European aspen (93%); whereas the other study area showed a lower mean density of 5061 saplings/ha, dominated by Scots pine (71%) and aspen (15%). Three years after the fires, the difference in aspen density was 11-fold between the two areas. We studied the effects of several variables about soil and environmental properties on the aspen establishment in these two study areas in the second and third years after the fire events. We found that the post-fire aspen regeneration was influenced by several factors, including soil texture, soil disturbance from forest management, volume of deadwood, and browsing. We also discussed that weather conditions during seed production and germination might have played a role in the difference in aspen establishment between the two study areas. We concluded that the post-fire forest regeneration potential in the study region is highly variable and could come under critical pressure as climate change progresses. Y1 - 2025 UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/rec.70017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.70017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hinz, Christoph A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Lehmkuhl, Frank T1 - Editorial for the Special Issue “Anthropogenic Geomorphology – Geomorphology in the Anthropocene” T2 - Geomorphology Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108528 SN - 0169-555X VL - 422 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Badorreck, Annika A1 - Krümmelbein, Julia A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Long-term effects of deep soil loosening on root distribution and soil physical parameters in compacted lignite mine soils T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015 KW - deep soil loosening KW - lignite mine Y1 - 2015 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2015/EGU2015-14990.pdf N1 - EGU2015-14990 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Bauriegel, Albrecht A1 - Nicolay, Alexander T1 - Junge Böden der Niederlausitz T2 - Brandenburgische Geowissenschaftliche Beiträge N2 - In der Niederlausitz finden sich sehr unterschiedliche Beispiele für junge Bodenbildungen, die oftmals durch menschliche Eingriffe ausgelöst wurden. In dem Beitrag werden neben den jüngsten Bodenentwicklungen auf Bergbaufolgestandorten auch jüngere Böden auf seit dem Mittelalter mit Flugsanden überdeckten Standorten vorgestellt. Obwohl die Genese der auf diesen Flugsanddecken anzutreffenden Böden bereits seit bis zu 1 000 Jahre andauert, sind hier erst Böden der Klasse der Ah/C-Böden entwickelt. Auf den Bergbaufolgestandorten wird versucht, die Bodenbildung durch spezielle Meliorationsmaßnahmen zu fördern. Untersuchungen an diesen besonders jungen Böden lassen gut die Prozesse der initialen Bodenentwicklung erkennen. Y1 - 2015 SN - 0947-1995 VL - 22 IS - 1 SP - 137 EP - 148 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Spröte, Roland A1 - Forman, Steven L. A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Holocene Dune Formation and Human-Induced Aeolian Remobilisation in South Brandenburg, Germany T2 - AGU 2008 Fall Meeting, Suppl. N2 - In the Mid Latitudes form and function of the earth surface are mainly affected by Pleistocene periglacial processes such as solifluction, cryoturbation and aeolian deposition. On the other hand, human impact on landscapes in Central Europe may date back to the earliest farmers from the Neolithic Period (c. 5500 a cal BC). At least since the Middle Ages intense land-use produced wide deforested areas. In the sand-rich North German Lowland these human-induced deforestation often resulted in the remobilisation of Late Pleistocene to Early Holocene sand dunes. Especially in the vicinity of former mining sites or glassworks the dune landscapes possess quite young stratigraphic disturbances (fossilized horizons, weak developed top soils). Within the scope of the Transregional Collaborative Research Centre (SFB/TRR) 38, funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), inland dunes in South Brandenburg were used as comparison sites to study structures and processes of the initial ecosystem development phase in an artificial water catchment. Here, we present first results of the pedostratigraphy and the age of two dune systems near Glashuette which is about 50 km south of Berlin. Based on twelve Optical Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) and six radiocarbon (14C) datings a chronology of the landscape development for the last c. 10000 years is derived. Data prove that both dune systems - even though they are just c. 1 km apart and have similar morphological features such as height, width, and orientation - have a completely different history in aeolian sand deposition and pedogenesis. At dune 'Glashuette 1' a well established podsol forms the topsoil. At dune 'Glashuette 2' soil development is clearly in a more initial state showing only some humus accumulation and weaker podsolization processes. OSL and 14C ages of sand from 'Glashuette 1' range between about 11.4 ka cal. BC (3.9 m below surface) and 9.4 ka cal. BC (0.7 m below surface). Against that, the sands in 'Glashuette 2' are mainly dated to about 0.8 ka cal BC (3.4 to 0.7 m below surface). On the basis of our findings further analyses can be planned more accurately to study the impact of initial processes on the later state of ecosystems characteristics. Y1 - 2008 SP - H51D-0842 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Spröte, Roland A1 - Forman, Steven L. A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Buried soils and dune sediments as archives of human-induced aeolian activity in the vicinity of historic glassworks, South Brandenburg, Germany T2 - EGU General Assembly 2009, Vienna, Austria, 19 – 24 April 2009 Y1 - 2009 N1 - EGU2009-4965-1 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Leopold, Matthias A1 - Dethier, David A1 - Völkel, Jörg A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Combining sediment analysis and seismic refraction to describe the structure, thickness and distribution of periglacial slope deposits at Niwot Ridge, Rocky Mountains Front Range, Colorado, USA T2 - Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie Y1 - 2008 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1127/0372-8854/2008/0052S2-0077 VL - 52 IS - 2 SP - 77 EP - 94 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Biemelt, Detlef A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - The artificial water catchment "Chicken Creek" as an observatory for critical zone processes and structures T2 - Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Y1 - 2009 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-6-1769-2009 SN - 1812-2116 VL - 6 IS - 2 SP - 1769 EP - 1795 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Repmann, Frank A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Bodenveränderungen durch Waldbrände – Stoffvorräte und Stoffverlagerungen T2 - Jahrestagung der DBG 2022 "Grenzen überwinden, Skalen überschreiten" 5. - 8. September 2022 in Trier N2 - Die zurückliegenden trocken-heißen Sommer haben im Süden Brandenburgs zu zahlreichen Bränden in den dominierenden Kiefernwäldern geführt, einige davon mit katastrophalen Ausmaßen. Dazu gehören die extremen Brandereignisse 2018 bei Treuenbrietzen sowie 2019 bei Jüterbog und Lieberose, die zusammen weit über 1000 ha Waldfläche zerstört und dabei auch Veränderungen der betroffenen Waldböden verursacht haben. Das seit Mai 2020 von der FNR geförderte Verbundvorhaben Pyrophob befasst sich mit den Auswirkungen von Waldbränden im Süden Brandenburgs auf die Waldökosysteme und mit waldbaulichen Maßnahmen, die mittelfristig zu einer Verringerung der Brandanfälligkeit der Wälder beitragen sollen. Im Rahmen des auf eine fünfjährige Laufzeit ausgelegten Verbundvorhabens finden bodenkundliche Untersuchungen auf zwölf Versuchsflächen bei Treuenbrietzen und Jüterbog statt. An beiden Standorten werden unverbrannte Referenzflächen mit einbezogen. Ergänzend konnten bei Lieberose bereits 2019 nur kurz nach dem Brandgeschehen erste Bodenuntersuchungen durchgeführt werden. Die untersuchten Brandflächen bei Jüterbog und Lieberose sind als Totalreservate ausgewiesen, auf denen auch nach dem Brand waldbauliche Maßnahmen vollständig unterbleiben. Auf den Flächen bei Treuenbrietzen wurden verschiedene Behandlungsvarianten durchgeführt, zu denen auf einem Teil der Flächen die vollständige Entfernung der abgestorbenen Bäume gehörte, während auf anderen Teilflächen Totholz auf der Fläche verblieb. Ziel der bodenkundlichen Arbeiten in Pyrophob ist zum einen eine Charakterisierung der direkten Auswirkungen des Brandes auf Humus und Mineralboden hinsichtlich des Stoffbestandes und bodenbiologischer Prozesse. Zum anderen wird der Stoffaustrag aus dem Oberboden erfasst. Der etwaige Einfluss der unterschiedlichen waldbaulichen Vorgehensweise auf die Bodenverhältnisse wird dabei als ein Indikator für die Auswahl geeigneter Maßnahmen berücksichtigt. In den verschiedenen Untersuchungsvarianten des Vorhabens wurden zu diesem Zweck Humus- und Mineralbodenprofile untersucht. Zudem wurden Mischproben aus dem Ober- und Unterboden entnommen und auf ihren Stoffhaushalt hin analysiert. Auf jeder Untersuchungsfläche wurden je drei frei dränende Kleinlysimeter in 10 cm Bodentiefe installiert, um die zeitlichen Veränderungen der Sickerwasserzusammensetzung und die durch den Brand initiierten Stoffausträge aus dem Oberboden zu quantifizieren. Ergänzend finden Untersuchungen zu möglichen Auswirkungen der Brände auf bodenbiologische Prozesse wie Streuabbau und Stickstoffmineralisation statt. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.dbges.de/de/system/files/Trier2022/programmheft-dbg_2022_ou_17052022_lores.pdf SP - 48 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Leopold, Matthias A1 - Dethier, David A1 - Völkel, Jörg A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Rikert, Tyler Corson A1 - Caine, Nel T1 - Using Geophysical Methods to Study the Shallow Subsurface of a Sensitive Alpine Environment, Niwat Ridge, Colorado Front Range, U.S.A. T2 - Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research Y1 - 2008 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1657/1523-0430(06-124)[LEOPOLD]2.0.CO;2 SN - 1938-4246 VL - 40 IS - 3 SP - 519 EP - 530 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Völkel, Jörg A1 - Raab, Thomas ED - Hoppe, Andreas T1 - Effects of uranium mining on the landscape ecology in Eastern Thuringia - Mining dumps and flooplains as sinks and sources of mining related substances T2 - GeoDarmstadt2010, Geowissenschaften sichern Zukunft, Frankfurt am Main & Darmstadt, 10. Oktober - 13. Oktober 2010, Kurzfassungen der Vorträge und Poster Y1 - 2010 SN - 978-3-510-49219-0 SP - 573 EP - 574 CY - Hannover ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Repmann, Frank A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Stability of Prussian Blue in Soils of a Former Manufactured Gas Plant Site T2 - Soil and Sediment Contamination N2 - Soil contamination with iron-cyanide complexes is a common problem at former manufactured gas plant (MGP) sites. Dissolution of the cyanide, from Prussian Blue (ferric ferrocyanide), creates an environmental hazard, whereas the risk of groundwater contamination depends on the stability of dissolved iron–cyanide complexes. Lack of a standard leaching method to determine the water-soluble (plant-available) cyanide fraction generates potential limitations for implementing remediation strategies like phytoremediation. Applicability of neutral solution extraction to determine the water-soluble cyanide fraction and the stability of Prussian Blue in surface and near-surface soils of an MGP site in Cottbus, undersaturated and unsaturated water conditions, was studied in column leaching and batch extraction experiments. MGP soils used in the long-term tests varied according to the pH (5.0–7.7) and the total cyanide content (40–1718 mg kg−1). Column leaching, after four months of percolation, still yielded effluent concentrations exceeding the German drinking water limit (> 50 μg L−1) and the solubility of Prussian Blue reported in the literature (< 1 mg L−1) from both alkaline and acidic soils. Long-term (1344 h) extraction of MGP soils with distilled water was sufficient to dissolve 97% of the total cyanide from the slightly alkaline soils and up to 78% from the acidic soils. Both experiments revealed that dissolution of ferric ferrocyanide under circum-neutral pH and oxic water conditions is a function of time, where the released amount is dependent on the soil pH and total cyanide content. Unexpectedly high and continuous solubility of Prussian Blue, both in acidic and slightly alkaline MGP soils, implies the need to introduce an additional cyanide fraction (“readily soluble fraction”) to improve and specify cyanide leaching methods. Long-term extraction of cyanide-contaminated soil in neutral solution seems to be a promising approach to evaluate the potential hazard of groundwater pollution at the MGP sites. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/15320383.2014.839626 SN - 1549-7887 VL - 23 IS - 5 SP - 504 EP - 522 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Boldt-Burisch, Katja A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Effect of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) roots inoculation using different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species on sorption of iron-cyanide (Fe-CN) complexes T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria, 17 April – 22 May 2016 N2 - Soils and groundwater on sites of the former Manufactured Gas Plants (MGPs) are contaminated with various complex iron-cyanides (Fe-CN). Phytoremediation is a promising tool in stabilization and remediation of Fe-CN affected soils, however, it can be a challenging task due to extreme adverse and toxic conditions. Phytoremediation may be enhanced via rhizosphere microbial activity, which can cooperate on the degradation, transformation and uptake of the contaminants. Recently, increasing number of scientist reports improved plants performance in the removal of toxic compounds with the support of arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF). Series of batch experiments using potassium hexacyanoferrate (II) solutions, in varying concentrations, were used to study the effect of ryegrass roots (Lolium perenne L.) inoculation with Rhizophagus irregularis and a mixture of Rhizophagus irregularis, Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus aggregatus, and Claroideoglomus etunicatum on Fe-CN sorption. Results indicated significantly higher colonization of R. irregularis than for the mixture of AMF species on ryegrass roots. Sorption experiments revealed significantly higher reduction of total CN and free CN content in the mycorrhizal roots, indicating greater cyanide decrease in the treatment inoculated with R. irregularis. Our study indicates contribution of AM fungi in phytoremediation of Fe-CN contaminated soil. Y1 - 2016 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2016/EGU2016-4223-2.pdf N1 - EGU2016-4223-2 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Repmann, Frank A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Retardation of iron-cyanide complexes in the soil of a former manufactured gas plant site T2 - Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A N2 - The soil in the vicinities of former Manufactured Gas Plant (MGP) sites is commonly contaminated with iron-cyanide complexes (ferric ferrocyanide). The phenomenon of cyanide mobility in soil, according to the literature, is mainly governed by the dissolution and precipitation of ferric ferrocyanide, which is only slightly soluble (<1 mg L¡1) under acidic conditions. In this paper, retention properties of the sandy loam soil and the potential vertical movement of the solid iron-cyanide complexes, co-existing with the dissolution, sorption and precipitation reactions were investigated. Preliminary research conducted on a former MGP site implied colloidal transport of ferric ferricyanide from the initial deposition in the wastes layer towards the sandy loam material (secondary accumulation), which possibly retarded the mobility of cyanide (CN). A series of batch and column experiments were applied in order to investigate the retardation of iron-cyanide complexes by the sandy loam soil. Batch experiments revealed that in circumneutral pH conditions sandy loam material decreases the potassium ferro- and ferricyanide concentration. In column experiments a minor reduction in CN concentration was observed prior to addition of iron sulfide (FeS) layer, which induced the formation of the Prussian blue colloids in circumneutral pH conditions. Precipitated solid iron-cyanide complexes were mechanically filtered by the coherent structure of the investigated soil. Additionally, the reduction of the CN concentration of the percolation solutions by the sandy loam soil was presumably induced due to the formation of potassium manganese iron-cyanide (K2Mn[Fe(CN)6]). Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2015.981116 SN - 1532-4117 SN - 1093-4529 VL - 50 IS - 3 SP - 282 EP - 291 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Boldt-Burisch, Katja A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Possible evidence for contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in phytoremediation of iron–cyanide (Fe–CN) complexes T2 - Ecotoxicology N2 - Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are integral functioning parts of plant root systems and are widely recognized for enhancing contaminants uptake and metabolism on severely disturbed sites. However, the patterns of their influence on the phytoremediation of iron–cyanide (Fe–CN) complexes are unknown. Fe–CN complexes are of great common interest, as iron is one of the most abundant element in soil and water. Effect of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) roots inoculation, using mycorrhizal fungi (Rhizophagus irregularis and a mixture of R. irregularis, Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus aggregatus, and Claroideoglomus etunicatum), on iron–cyanide sorption was studied. Results indicated significantly higher colonization of R. irregularis than the mixture of AMF species on ryegrass roots. Series of batch experiments using potassium hexacyanoferrate (II) solutions, in varying concentrations revealed significantly higher reduction of total CN and free CN content in the mycorrhizal roots, indicating greater cyanide decrease in the treatment inoculated with R. irregularis. Our study is a first indication of the possible positive contribution of AM fungi on the phytoremediation of iron–cyanide complexes. Y1 - 2016 UR - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10646-016-1678-y U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-016-1678-y SN - 1573-3017 VL - 25 IS - 6 SP - 1260 EP - 1269 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Dimitrova, Tsvetelina A1 - Repmann, Frank A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Freese, Dirk T1 - Uptake of ferrocyanide in willow and poplar trees in a long term greenhouse experiment T2 - Ecotoxicology N2 - Phytoremediation of sites contaminated with iron cyanides can be performed using poplar and willow trees. Poplar and willow trees were grown in potting substrate spiked with ferrocyanide concentrations of up to 2,000 mg kg-1 for 4 and 8 weeks respectively. Soil solution and leaf tissue of different age were sampled for total cyanide analysis every week. Chlorophyll content in the leaves was determined to quantify cyanide toxicity. Results showed that cyanide in the soil solution of spiked soils differed between treatments and on weekly basis and ranged from 0.5 to 1,200 mg l-1. The maximum cyanide content in willow and poplar leaves was 518 mg kg-1 fresh weight (FW) and 148 mg kg-1 FW respectively. Cyanide accumulated in the leaves increased linearly with increasing cyanide concentration in the soil solution. On the long term, significantly more cyanide was accumulated in old leaf tissue than in young tissue. Chlorophyll content in poplar decreased linearly with increasing cyanide in the soil solution and in leaf tissue, and over time. The inhibitory concentration (IC50) value for poplars after 4 weeks of exposure was 173 mg l-1 and for willow after 8 weeks of exposure—768 mg l-1. Results show that willows tolerate much more cyanide and over a longer period than poplars, making them very appropriate for remediating sites highly contaminated with iron cyanides. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-014-1398-0 SN - 1573-3017 VL - 24 IS - 3 SP - 510 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kappler, Christoph A1 - Kaiser, Knut A1 - Ganzenmüller, Raphael A1 - Küster, Mathias A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Fülling, Alexander A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Raab, Thomas ED - Schwab, Markus J. ED - Theuerkauf, Martin ED - Brauer, Achim ED - Wilmking, Martin ED - Lampe, Reinhard T1 - A review of geochronological data from northeastern Germany: evaluating late Quaternary soil formation and land surface dynamics T2 - 3rd Annual ICLEA Workshop 2014, Dynamics of Climate and Landscape Evolution of Cultural Landscapes in the Northern Central European Lowlands since the Last Ice Age Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2312/GFZ.b103-14028 SP - 43 PB - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences CY - Potsdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Boldt-Burisch, Katja A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Influence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus (AMF) on degradation of iron-cyanide complexes T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015 KW - arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Y1 - 2015 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2015/EGU2015-250.pdf N1 - EGU2015-250 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Repmann, Frank A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Vertical movement of iron-cyanide complexes in soils of a former Manufactured Gas Plant site T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015 Y1 - 2015 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2015/EGU2015-9980.pdf N1 - EGU2015-9980 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Repmann, Frank A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Release of iron-cyanide complexes form contaminated soils - Batch and column experiments on substrates from Manufactured Gas Plant (MGP) site T2 - European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2013, Vienna, Austria, 07 – 12 April 2013 N2 - Soils of former Manufactured Gas Plants (MGPs) are often contaminated with iron-cyanide (Fe-CN) complexes that originate from gas purification process. Cyanide is a potentially toxic substance and its presence in soil and groundwater may cause risk for human health as well as for the environment. MGPs were commonly built on the city suburban areas, which have spread ever since. Nowadays, these sites are typically located in inner cities, causing environmental thread, due to the leaching of pollutants. More recently, columns and batch experiments have been used to study fate and mobility of contaminants is soil. The release of iron-cyanide complexes under unsaturated flow conditions was evaluated with eight columns of 30 cm length and a diameter of 5,4 cm. Cyanide concentrations in the collected leachates were measured with Flow Injection Analysis (FIA). Additionally pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and various ion concentrations were determined. In order to compare the release of Fe-CN complexes in saturated conditions a batch experiment was conducted, where in defined time intervals, 1 ml of the extract water phase was analyzed for CN concentration. Study revealed an analogous trend of cyanide release in both experiments indicating primarily the release of formerly dissolved phase (hexacyanoferrates) followed by continual dissolution of ferric ferrocyanide. We conclude that batch experiments, conducted prior to column analysis, can serve as preliminary prediction of the water soluble cyanide fraction under unsaturated conditions. Y1 - 2013 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2013/EGU2013-1983.pdf N1 - EGU2013-1983 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Rodionov, Andrei A1 - Nii-Annang, Seth A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Trimborn, Manfred A1 - Schillem, Steffi A1 - Schneider, Bernd Uwe A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Impacts of Soil Additives on Crop Yield and C-Sequestration in Post Mine Substrates of Lusatia, Germany T2 - Pedosphere Y1 - 2012 SN - 1002-0160 VL - 22 IS - 3 SP - 343 EP - 350 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Krümmelbein, Julia A1 - Horn, Rainer A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Soil physical parameters of a recently established agricultural recultivation site after brown coal mining in Eastern Germany T2 - Soil & Tillage Research N2 - Our study deals with agricultural recultivation of open cast brown coal mining areas in Lusatia, Eastern Germany. In this region the largest brown coal (lignite) mining area of Germany is located. Lignite mining activities lead to major disturbances of the landscape. Recultivation efforts attempt to regenerate mining areas for agricultural land use options. The geological “parent” material is of saaleian origin, has a sandy texture and was excavated from several meters depths before mining and is now used for recultivating the excavated area. Consequently, it is free of recent soil organic carbon. The substrate itself is unstructured. The partly wet or dry substrate is subjected to strong mechanical stresses during the excavation, deposition, refilling and levelling processes throughout the year. This practice leads to more or less compacted soils/substrates which may result in small yields of agricultural crops. In this context we investigate the effect of different organic soil additives in combination with different recultivation crop rotations on the development of soil structure for improved agricultural land use. Our experimental site has been heaped up and levelled off in 2006 and 2007. On each of the 24 experimental sub areas undisturbed soil samples have been taken to characterise the substrates according to their mechanical and hydraulic parameters and to determine the scattering of these parameters on a site that is assumed to be recultivated as homogenously as possible. First results of our ongoing experimental study indicate that the soil physical properties such as texture, bulk density, precompression stress, air permeability and saturated hydraulic conductivity are not identical on each of the 24 subplots. The soil physical properties behave differently in relation to each other. E.g. we found a negative correlation between bulk density (∼1.35–∼1.90 g/cm3) and precompression stress (∼30–70 kPa) and no decisive interrelation between bulk density and air permeability or saturated hydraulic conductivity. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167198710001443 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2010.08.006 SN - 0167-1987 VL - 111 IS - 1 SP - 19 EP - 25 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hürkamp, Kerstin A1 - Völkel, Jörg T1 - Stratigraphy and chronology of late Quaternary floodplain sediments in a historic mining area, Vils River Valley, East Bavaria, Germany T2 - Physical Geography N2 - Analysis of 288 percussion drillings from depths of up to seven meters and a 120 m long excavated section provide new and detailed information on the Late Quaternary to Late Holocene floodplain evolution from the most important Central European iron-mining region of the 15th century. The generalized sequence of the Vils River floodplain is built of five units representing facies of different genesis (rock/saprolite, gravel, sand, loam, peat) that are identified by physical, chemical, and mineralogical parameters (grain size, clast shape, and content, TOC, bulk mineralogy). Along the 87 km length of the valley, different units/facies are found at the Upper Vils River (UVR 1-5) and at the Lower Vils River (LVR 1-4b). In both river sections, fine-grained material (flood loam) forms the major part (up to 4 m) of the alluvial sequence. 29 age determinations (24 14C, 4 IRSL, 1 tree-ring analysis) show increasing accumulation of flood loam in the last millennium. The data correlate with the beginning of mining at the Vils River and hence suggest a causal connection with mining activities in the catchment—both on the slopes and in the floodplain—with intense deposition of flood loams. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2747/0272-3646.31.4.357 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2747/0272-3646.31.4.357 SN - 1930-0557 SN - 0272-3646 VL - 31 IS - 4 SP - 357 EP - 384 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Nii-Annang, Seth A1 - Rodionov, Andrei A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. A1 - Dilly, Oliver T1 - Impact of Commercial Soil Additives on Microbial Activity and Carbon Isotopic Characteristics of Recultivated Post Lignite Mine Soils T2 - Geomicrobiology Journal Y1 - 2011 SN - 1521-0529 VL - 28 IS - 7 SP - 567 EP - 573 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Leopold, Matthias A1 - Völkel, Jörg T1 - Character, Age, and ecological significance of pleistocene periglacial slope deposits in Germany T2 - Physical Geography Y1 - 2007 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2747/0272-3646.28.6.451 SN - 1930-0557 VL - 28 IS - 6 SP - 451 EP - 473 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stock, Oliver A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Helbach, Christoph A1 - Narra, Satyanarayana A1 - Downes, Nigel K. A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. A1 - Raab, Thomas ED - Hüttl, Reinhard F. ED - Schneider, Bernd Uwe T1 - Bodenphysikalische, wachstumskundliche und rechtliche Aspekte der Melioration stark toniger Kippsubstrate mit REA-Gips T2 - Neue Ansätze in der land- und forstwirtschaftlichen Rekultivierung Y1 - 2009 SN - 978-3-937728-06-3 SN - 3-937728-06-6 SP - 45 EP - 77 PB - BTU CY - Cottbus ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hürkamp, Kerstin A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Völkel, Jörg T1 - Two and three-dimensional quantification of lead contamination in alluvial soils of a historic mining area using field portable X-ray fluorescence (FPXRF) analysis T2 - Geomorphology Y1 - 2009 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.12.021 VL - 110 IS - 1-2 SP - 28 EP - 36 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hürkamp, Kerstin A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Völkel, Jörg T1 - Lead Pollution of Floodplain Soils in a Historic Mining Area - Age, Distribution and Binding Forms T2 - Water Air Soil Pollution Y1 - 2009 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-008-9948-9 SN - 1573-2932 VL - 201 IS - 1-4 SP - 331 EP - 345 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Schillem, Steffi A1 - Asch, Folkard A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Bestajovsky, Jürgen A1 - Bruns, Christian A1 - Gattinger, Andreas A1 - Hattig, Tom A1 - Hoogen, Heiner A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Rodionov, Andrei A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Schneider, Bernd Uwe A1 - Trimborn, Manfred ED - Hüttl, Reinhard F. ED - Gerwin, Werner T1 - Bodenmelioration und Anbauverfahren für trockenheitsgefährdete Standorte (BAtroS) Y1 - 2011 SN - 978-3-937728-14-8 PB - FZLB CY - Cottbus ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Dimitrov, M. T1 - Interactions between surface structures, runoff and erosion in an artificial watershed during the initial ecosystem development T2 - EGU General Assembly 2009, Vienna, Austria, 19 – 24 April 2009 Y1 - 2009 N1 - EGU2009-1406 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stock, Oliver A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. A1 - Raab, Thomas ED - Hüttl, Reinhard F. ED - Schneider, Bernd Uwe T1 - Initiale Bodenbildung an landwirtschaftlichen Rekultivierungsstandorten aus saalezeitlichem Geschiebemergel T2 - Neue Ansätze in der land- und forstwirtschaftlichen Rekultivierung Y1 - 2009 SN - 978-3-937728-06-3 SN - 3-937728-06-6 SP - 3 EP - 43 PB - BTU CY - Cottbus ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Völkel, Jörg A1 - Leopold, Matthias A1 - Raab, Thomas ED - Maier, Jörg T1 - Ostbayerische Mittelgebirge T2 - Exkursionsführer zu ausgewählten Fachthemen Oberfrankens, Nürnbergs und der Nördlichen Oberpfalz Y1 - 2007 SN - 978-3-9809181-9-0 SP - 209 EP - 224 PB - Fachgruppe Geowissenschaften Universität Bayreuth CY - Bayreuth ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Nii-Annang, Seth A1 - Rodionov, Andrei A1 - Dilly, Oliver A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Use of commercial soil amendments in initial soils (II) - Impact on soil respiratory and carbon isotopic characteristics T2 - EGU General Assembly 2009, Vienna, Austria, 19 – 24 April 2009 Y1 - 2009 N1 - EGU2009-12093 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rißmann, Cornelia A1 - Elmer, Michael A1 - Hohberg, Karin A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Xylander, Willi E. R. ED - Holzheu, Stefan ED - Thies, B. T1 - Trophic structure and complexity of early soil food webs in a post mining area in Lower Lusatia T2 - Dimensions of ecology - from global change to molecular ecology, (GfÖ) 39th annual conference, University of Bayreuth, 14th - 18th September 2009 Y1 - 2009 SP - S. 112 PB - Bayreuther Zentrum für Ökologie und Umweltforschung (BayCEER) Selbstverlag CY - Bayreuth ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rißmann, Cornelia A1 - Elmer, Michael A1 - Hohberg, Karin A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Xylander, Willi E. R. ED - Wolters, Volkmar ED - Groh, J. ED - Peter, F. ED - Waldhardt, R. T1 - Characterization of initial soil food webs - Micro- and Mesofauna in a post mining area T2 - Book of abstracts, The Future of Biodiversity: Genes, Species, Ecosystems Y1 - 2010 N1 - 40th Anniversary Conference Gesellschaft für Ökologie, August 30th to September 03rd, 2010, Giessen SP - S. 255 PB - GfÖ CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rißmann, Cornelia A1 - Elmer, Michael A1 - Hohberg, Karin A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Xylander, Willi E. R. ED - Holzheu, Stefan ED - Thies, B. T1 - How does the complexity of the food web affect trophic interactions? T2 - Dimensions of ecology - from global change to molecular ecology, (GfÖ) 39th annual conference, University of Bayreuth, 14th - 18th September 2009 Y1 - 2009 SP - S. 111 PB - Bayreuther Zentrum für Ökologie und Umweltforschung (BayCEER) Selbstverlag CY - Bayreuth ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Krümmelbein, Julia A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Soil physical parameters on a recently established agricultrural recultivation site in Eastern Germany T2 - ISTRO 18th Triennial Conference Proceedings, June 15-19, 2009, Izmir, Turkey Y1 - 2009 UR - http://iworx5.webxtra.net/~istroorg/download/ISTRO%202009%20Proceedings.zip SP - T4-028-01 EP - T4-028-04 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Krümmelbein, Julia A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Development of soil physical parameters on initial landforms - An example from a post-mining recultuivation site in Lusatia, East Germany T2 - AGU Fall Meeting Suppl. N2 - Recultivation efforts in mining areas attempt to regenerate soils and landscapes for various land use options and create initial conditions which are beneficial for the development of the future ecosystems. On very young landforms physical and chemical properties of soils play a major role for the further evolution of the developing ecosystem as well as the landforms itself. Less is known about the very first alterations of physical parameters in accordance to different land uses and recultivation practices. Our study deals with the agricultural recultivation of post lignite mining areas in Lusatia, East Germany. The sandy substrate used for recultivation stems from depths of several meters and is therefore free of recent soil organic matter. The substrate itself is unstructured. After it has been excavated and transported on conveyor belts to the recultivation site, it is piled up to dams of a height of 1-4 m and levelled off with heavy crawlers. During these processes the substrate is subjected to strong mechanical stresses. This practice induces compaction which causes decreasing yields of agricultural crops to a certain extent. In this context we are investigating the effect of different organic soil additives in combination with different recultivation crop rotations on the development of soil structure for improved agricultural land use. Our experimental site has recently been heaped up and levelled off. On the 25 experimental sub areas 2175 undisturbed soil samples were taken out of three soil depths to characterize initial physical properties before any recultivation measures have been applied,. We present laboratory results of this status-quo sampling. The results indicate that the site is very heterogeneous in terms of mechanical stability, bulk density, total pore volume, saturated hydraulic conductivity and air permeability. Moreover, our results show that bulk density is not an appropriate parameter to derive soil functions, e.g. permeability or stability. Additionally we found that even in areas of bulk densities > 1.8 g/cm3 and with an inclination < 2 % impressive run-off and gully erosion developed during heavy rainfall events. We conclude that initial processes altering soil physical parameters play a major role for the landform evolution within the first 12 months after dumping. Further studies should reveal the mid-term impact of organic additives on the soils after 7 yrs. Y1 - 2009 SP - EP31B-0593 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rodionov, Andrei A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Trimborn, Manfred A1 - Wagner, S. A1 - Schneider, Bernd Uwe A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Use of commercial soil amendments in initial soils (I) - Impact on yield and basic soil characteristics T2 - EGU General Assembly 2009, Vienna, Austria, 19 – 24 April 2009 Y1 - 2009 N1 - EGU2009-12080 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rißmann, Cornelia A1 - Elmer, Michael A1 - Hohberg, Karin A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Xylander, Willi E. R. T1 - Investigation of initial soil food webs - composition and trophic structure T2 - Structures and processes of the initial ecosystem development, 1st International Conference assoc. with 4th Meeting of Young Researchers in Earth Sciences (MYRES), 20-24 Sept. 2010, Cottbus, Germany Y1 - 2010 SP - S. 94 PB - BTU CY - Cottbus ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Krümmelbein, Julia A1 - Fischer, Scarlett A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Bodenphysikalische Kenngrößen und deren flächenhafte Heterogenität auf einer homogen hergestellten Fläche der Bergbaufolgelandschaft in der Lausitz T2 - Böden - eine endliche Ressource, Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, 5. bis 13. September 2009, Bonn Y1 - 2009 UR - http://eprints.dbges.de/439/1/DBG-Mitteilungen_Bonn2009.pdf UR - http://www.dbges.de PB - Deutsche Bodenkundliche Gesellschaft (Selbstverlag) CY - Bonn ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Krümmelbein, Julia A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. ED - Blum, Winfried E. H. ED - Gerzabek, Martin H. ED - Vodrazka, Martin T1 - Soil mechanical and soil hydraulic parameters on a recently established agricultural recultivation site in Eastern Germany T2 - EUROSOIL 2008, book of abstracts, 25.-29. August 2008, Vienna, Austria Y1 - 2008 SN - 978-3-902382-05-4 SP - S. 297 PB - University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences (BOKU) CY - Wien ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Krümmelbein, Julia A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Soil physical parameters and their heterogeneity on a homogenously established post-mining recultivation site in Eastern Germany T2 - EGU General Assembly 2009, Vienna, Austria, 19 – 24 April 2009 Y1 - 2009 N1 - EGU2009-8183-2 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schmehl, Marie-Therese A1 - Adhikari, Yojana A1 - Balthasar, Cathrina A1 - Binder, Anja A1 - Clerc, Danica A1 - Dobkowitz, Sophia A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Günther, Kristin A1 - Hartong, Heinrich A1 - Heinken, Thilo A1 - Hess, Carsten A1 - Ibisch, Pierre L. A1 - Jouy, Florent A1 - Leinen, Loretta A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Repmann, Frank A1 - Rönnefarth, Susanne A1 - Rohlfs, Lilly A1 - Schirrmacher, Marina A1 - Schröder, Jens A1 - Schüle, Maren A1 - Vieth-Hillebrand, Andrea A1 - Francke, Till T1 - Monitoring abiotic and biotic parameters of forest regrowth under different management regimes on former wildfire sites in northeastern Germany – data from the PYROPHOB project T2 - Earth system science data N2 - We present the data recorded by eight institutions within the PYROPHOB project, running from 2020 to 2024 at two forest research sites in the south-west of Brandenburg, Germany. The aim of the project was to monitor abiotic and biotic parameters of forest regrowth under different management regimes on former wildfire sites in northeastern Germany. The observations comprised intermittent and continuous measurements or surveys on meteorological parameters (rainfall, temperature, vapour pressure deficit), soil (soil type and texture, soil chemistry and leaching, water content, soil temperature), deadwood, stand structure, vegetation regrowth, abundance of selected fauna (moths, beetles, mammals), UAV-based remote sensing (stand structure, spatial overview), and photo monitoring (succession). Thus, the multitude of collected data allows not only for detailed analyses of these observables separately, but also considering their interaction for a more multidisciplinary view on forest recovery after a wildfire. The data are available under the following DOIs: https://doi.org/10.23728/b2share.08a6a8b56f774a08a984871e7ef1b5a8 (Part 1, Schmehl et al., 2025a), under embargo until 31 March 2026 (Part 2, Schmehl et al., 2025b), https://doi.org/10.23728/b2share.de1661761da5481f938caf460e4f0ca9 (Part 3.1, Schmehl et al., 2025c), and https://doi.org/10.23728/b2share.51bdf4b6dc854873b6ff44fdddbf4c3b (Part 3.2, Schmehl et al., 2025d). Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-6295-2025 SN - 1866-3516 VL - 17 IS - 11 SP - 6295 EP - 6313 PB - Copernicus GmbH CY - Göttingen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Subdued mountains of Central Europe T2 - Mid-Latitude Slope Deposits (Cover Beds) Y1 - 2024 SN - 978-0-323-96003-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-96003-8.00011-6 SP - 9 EP - 114 PB - Eslevier ET - Second edition ER - TY - GEN A1 - Matvejeva, Agne A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Heinrich, Martina T1 - Assessing the possibility to cultivate industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) in sandy agricultural soils of Brandenburg under water scarcity and nutrient deficiency T2 - International journal of environmental research N2 - Industrial fiber hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is an annual crop that requires minimal agricultural inputs and has a high potential to improve soil organic matter (SOM) accumulation in sandy soils, including soil fertility and yields. Hemp cultivation, due to rapid growth and high biomass production, in addition to its deep-seated and entrenched roots, has vast potential in carbon (C) sequestration and nitrogen (N) accumulation. The research aims to analyse industrial hemp species Santhica 27 feasibility for fiber cultivation and biomass production in water-scarce and nutrient-deficient sandy soils of Brandenburg. The impact of high (142 plants·m− 2) and low (71 plants·m− 2) planting densities on hemp´s morphological development and productivity, expressed as yields, is also assessed. The results showed that the dry condition with a water deficit of 168.9 mm during the growing period was the main factor significantly impeding hemp`s morphological development and fiber yields. Control treatments with the precipitation sum of 242 mm planted in a lower planting density had on average, significantly taller plants of 122 cm with greater total biomass yield of 3.74 t·ha− 1 dry weight compared to simulated water-scarce dry treatments, with the lowest plant height and total biomass of 69 cm and 1.91 t·ha− 1, respectively, when planted in high density. Although the N content in the original sandy soil was below 1 g·kg− 1, the dry environmental conditions had prompted N accumulation up to 35 N g·kg− 1 in hemp biomass, 18 N g·kg− 1 in lateral roots, and 13 N g·kg− 1 in tap roots. High calcium (Ca) content was found in hemp biomass and lateral roots, whereas potassium (K) content was greater in tap roots. The results suggest that a lower hemp planting density for hemp cultivation should be considered in a water-scarce and nutrient-deficient environment. Moreover, the elemental analysis showed that hemp parts contain considerable amounts of macronutrients, which could be of great importance to the sandy soil´s total nutrient-pool enrichment. KW - Industrial hemp KW - Fiber KW - Biomass KW - Carbon sequestration KW - Nitrogen KW - Roots Y1 - 2026 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s41742-025-01038-5 SN - 1735-6865 VL - 20 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC CY - Cham ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schüle, Maren A1 - Heinken, Thilo A1 - Adhikari, Yojana A1 - Binder, Anja A1 - Clerc, Danica A1 - Dobkowitz, Sophia A1 - Francke, Till A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Hartong, Heinrich A1 - Jouy, Florent A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Repmann, Frank A1 - Rohlfs, Lilly A1 - Rönnefarth, Susanne A1 - Ibisch, Pierre L. T1 - Intensive post‐fire management drives ecosystem degradation but does not prevent tree regeneration T2 - Journal of applied ecology N2 - In recent years, wildfires have affected relatively large areas of managed forests in Central Europe. Often, forestry uses intensive post‐fire management practices, which can have negative effects on various components of the ecosystem. Fire ecology has been largely neglected in Central Europe and strategies for appropriate management and successful reforestation of burned areas are urgently needed. We have studied the effects of different post‐fire forest management treatments (including different levels of salvage logging and soil disturbances such as ploughing or raking) on soil parameters (phosphorus, nitrogen, calcium, potassium, magnesium, pH), microclimate (temperatures, vapour pressure deficit (VPD), heat and drought stress), deadwood, regrowth (biomass of tree regeneration, herb and bryophyte layer) and species richness (plants and saproxylic beetles) 3 years after wildfire in a Central European Scots pine forest (northeast Germany). Intensive forest management led to more unfavourable abiotic conditions, including stronger temperature extremes and elevated VPD. Consequently, vegetation on these sites experienced increased heat and drought stress and reduced nutrient availability. The biomass of the herb and bryophyte layer, as well as the species richness of plants and saproxylic beetles, was lower on completely salvage logged sites. Tree biomass recovered on all sites, including sites with intensive forest management. Tree regeneration in our study area was mainly driven by the recolonization of the pioneer species European aspen (Populus tremula), which can tolerate a wide range of site conditions. Synthesis and applications. We recommend avoiding intensive management on burned sites, such as complete salvage logging or ploughing, as this creates extreme site conditions that could inhibit the regeneration of more sensitive tree species and result in a long‐term legacy of degradation. In addition, herb and bryophyte layers, as well as the species richness of vegetation and saproxylic beetles, which are important components of forest ecosystems, are negatively affected by intense forest management. KW - Deadwood KW - Microclimate dynamics KW - Plant biomass KW - Post-fire forest management KW - Salvage KW - logging KW - Soil nutrient availability KW - Species diversity KW - Tree regeneration Y1 - 2026 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.70257 SN - 0021-8901 SN - 1365-2664 VL - 63 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 17 PB - Wiley ER -