TY - GEN A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Mykhailova, Larysa A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Donovan, Sally A1 - Ouimet, William T1 - Effects of historical charcoal burning on soil landscapes in West Connecticut - Quantifying pyrogenic and organic soil carbon content of Technosols by FTIR analysis T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria, 7–12 April 2019 Y1 - 2019 UR - https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2019/EGU2019-3115.pdf CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Ramezany, Shaghayegh A1 - Ouimet, William A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Hirsch, Florian T1 - Vertical SOC distribution and aromatic carbon in centuries old charcoal-rich Technosols T2 - European Journal of Soil Science N2 - Charcoal-rich Technosols on century-old relict charcoal hearths (RCHs) are the subject of ongoing research regarding potential legacy effects that result from historic charcoal production and subsequent charcoal amendments on forest soil properties and forest ecosystems today. RCHs consist mostly of Auh horizons that are substantially enriched in soil organic carbon (SOC), of which the largest part seems to be of pyrogenic origin (PyC). However, the reported range of SOC and PyC contents in RCH soil also suggests that they are enriched in nonpyrogenic SOC. RCH soils are discussed as potential benchmarks for the long-term influence of biochar amendment and the post-wildfire influences on soil properties. In this study, we utilised a large soil sample dataset (n = 1245) from 52 RCH sites in north-western Connecticut, USA, to quantify SOC contents by total element analysis. The contents of condensed highly aromatic carbon as a proxy for black carbon (BC) were predicted by using a modified benzene polycarboxylated acid (BPCA) marker method in combination with diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy-based partial least square regression (r2 = 0.89). A high vertical spatial sampling resolution allowed the identification of soil organic matter (SOM) enrichment and translocation processes. The results show an average 75% and 1862% increase in TOC and BPCA-derived carbon, respectively, for technogenic Auh horizons compared to reference soils. In addition to an increase in aromatic properties, increased carboxylic properties of the RCH SOC suggest self-humification effects of degrading charcoal and thereby the continuing formation of leachable aromatic carbon compounds, which could have effects on pedogenic processes in buried soils. Indeed, we show BPCA-derived carbon concentrations in intermediate technogenic Cu horizons and buried top/subsoils that suggest vertical translocation of highly aromatic carbon originating in RCH Auh horizons. Topmost Auh horizons showed a gradual decrease in total organic carbon (TOC) contents with increasing depth, suggesting accumulation of recent, non-pyrogenic SOM. Lower aliphatic absorptions in RCH soil spectra suggest different SOM turnover dynamics compared to reference soils. Furthermore, studied RCH soils featured additional TOC enrichment, which cannot be fully explained now. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://bsssjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ejss.13293 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.13293 VL - 73 IS - 4 SP - 1 EP - 16 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Brützke, W. A1 - Christophel, Dominik A1 - Völkel, Jörg A1 - Raab, Thomas ED - Wilson, Lucy T1 - Reconstruction of the fire history in the Siedlungskammer Burgweinting (Bavaria, Germany) in relation to settlement and environmental history T2 - Human Interactions with the Geosphere: The Geoarchaeological Perspective, Geological Society, London N2 - Palaeoenvironmental investigations were carried out in the Siedlungskammer (prehistoric settlement area) Burgweinting (Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany) to reveal past settlement conditions and human impact on the environment. Two sequences were obtained from the Islinger Mühlbach Fen, in close proximity to the archaeological excavation site in Burgweinting, which documents an almost continuous settlement history since the Neolithic Period. The analyses of the sequences comprise stratigraphic, geochemical and microscopic charcoal analyses. For chronological information, radiocarbon dating was conducted on a total of 10 samples. Thus, the first long-term fire record was reconstructed for the investigation area, and the results were correlated, based on radiocarbon dating, with the available environmental information and settlement history in the Siedlungskammer Burgweinting. The fire record reveals an almost continuous, but alternating fire history. Furthermore, it shows that fire played an important role in the Siedlungskammer Burgweinting and that most probably as early as the Mesolithic hunterer–gatherers deliberately used fire. Y1 - 2011 SN - 978-1-86239-325-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1144/SP352.11 SP - 137 EP - 161 PB - Geological Soc. CY - London ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Blaszkiewicz, Miroslaw A1 - Kordowski, Jarosław A1 - Noryskiewicz, Agnieszka M. A1 - Tyszkowski, Sebastian A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Late Quaternary landscape development at the margin of the Pomeranian phase (MIS 2) near Lake Wygonin (Northern Poland) T2 - Catena N2 - In Central Europe, Late Quaternary landscapes experienced multiple phases of geomorphologic activity. In this study,we used a combined geomorphological, pedological, sedimentological and palynological approach to characterize landscape development after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) near Lake Wygonin in Northern Poland. The pedostratigraphical findings from soil pits and drillings were extrapolated using ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and electric resistivity tomography (ERT). During the Pomeranian phase, glacial and fluvioglacial processes dominated the landscape near Lake Wygonin. At the end of the glacial period, periglacial processes became relevant and caused the formation of ventifacts and coversands containing coated sand grains. At approximately 15,290–14,800 cal yr BP, a small pond formed in a kettle hole (profile BWI2). The lacustrine sediments lack eolian sand components and therefore indicate the decline of eolian processes during that time. The increase of Juniperus and rock-rose (Helianthemum) in the pollen diagram is a prominent marker of the Younger Dryas. At the end of the Younger Dryas, a partial reshaping of the landscape is indicated by abundant charcoal fragments in disturbed lake sediments. No geomorphologic activity since the beginning of the Holocene is documented in the terrestrial and wetland archives. The anthropogenic impact is reflected in the pollen diagram by the occurrence of rye pollen grains (Secale cereale) and translocated soil sediments dated to 1560–1410 cal yr BP, proving agricultural use of the immediate vicinity. With the onset of land use, gully incision and the accumulation of colluvial fans reshaped the landscape locally. Since 540–460 cal yr BP, further gully incision in the steep forest tracks has been associated with the intensification of forestry. Outside of the gully catchments, the weakly podzolized Rubic Brunic Arenosols show no features of Holocene soil erosion. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2014.08.018 SN - 0341-8162 VL - 124 SP - 28 EP - 44 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Rösler, Horst A1 - Bönisch, Eberhard A1 - Murray, Andrew S. T1 - Evidence of (pre-) historic to modern landscape and land use history near Jänschwalde (Brandenburg, Germany) T2 - Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, Suppl. N2 - In the apron of the active lignite opencast pit Jänschwalde (Brandenburg, Germany), three archaeological survey trenches were investigated in an area where aeolian sand deposits are widespread. The investigated sediment sequences contain evidence of aeolian morphodynamics, soil formation and agricultural land use. To study the age and the causes of sand drifting and surface stabilization, standard soil physical and chemical laboratory analyses as well as optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and radiocarbon dating (14C) were carried out. Two main sedimentological units were identified: Unit 1 consists of glacio-fluvial and Late Glacial aeolian sands representing the parent material for the native Podsol- Braunerde, while Unit 2 represents the Late Holocene aeolian deposits. Four periods of Late Glacial and Holocene aeolian activity and three phases of geomorphological stability have been identified: (i) Aeolian sedimentation during the Late Glacial, (ii) Mesolithic reactivation of aeolian processes, (iii) soil formation until Late Roman Iron Age settlers intensified the agricultural land use, (iv) intensive drift sand formation during the High Middle Ages due to agricultural expansion, (v) stabilization of the drift sands and weak soil formation, (vi) reactivation of aeolian processes due to the increasing wood consumption and charcoal production from the early 17th until the mid-19th century, (vii) surface stabilization and formation of Regosols since the mid-19th century due to afforestation. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1127/0372-8854/2014/S-00162 SN - 1864-1687 VL - 58 IS - 2 SP - 7 EP - 31 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Takla, Melanie A1 - Rösler, Horst T1 - Pre-Industrial Charcoal Kilns in the Northern European Lowland - Hidden Land Use Structures Detected by LIDAR T2 - 2014 GSA Annual Meeting in Vancouver, British Columbia (19-22 October 2014) Y1 - 2014 UR - https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2014AM/webprogram/Paper242014.html N1 - Paper No. 29-24 PB - Geological Society of America CY - Boulder, Colo. ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Fritsch, Simone A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Hydraulische Eigenschaften von Böden an historischen Holzkohlemeilerplätzen in Brandenburg T2 - Unsere Böden - unser Leben, Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, 2. - 10. September 2015, München Y1 - 2015 PB - Deutsche Bodenkundliche Gesellschaft CY - Göttingen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Blaszkiewicz, Miroslaw A1 - Kordowski, Jarosław A1 - Noryskiewicz, Agnieszka M. A1 - Tyszkowski, Sebastian A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Late Quaternary geomorphodynamics and soil development in Wygonin (Poland) T2 - Tagungsband und Exkursionsführer, Arbeitskreis Geoarchäologie Jahrestagung 2013, 2. - 4.5.2013 BTU Cottbus Y1 - 2013 SP - S. 50 PB - Brandenburg Univ. of Technology CY - Cottbus ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Błaszkiewicz, Mirosław A1 - Kordowski, Jarosław A1 - Noryskiewicz, Agnieszka M. A1 - Tyszkowski, Sebastian A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas ED - Bork, Hans-Rudolf ED - Dreibrodt, Stefan ED - Duttmann, Rainer ED - Unkel, Ingmar T1 - Spätquartäre Landschaftsentwicklung seit der Pommerschen Phase in Wygonin (Nordpolen) T2 - Jahrestagung des AK Geomorphologie in Kiel 2014 Y1 - 2014 SP - S. 66 PB - Christian-Albrechts-Universität CY - Kiel ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Takla, Melanie A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Rösler, Horst A1 - Bönisch, Eberhard T1 - Modeling the past - a GIS-based study for the reconstruction of past land use and human impact on the environment T2 - 2010 GSA Annual Meeting in Denver Colorado, USA 2010, 31 October – 3 November Y1 - 2010 UR - https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2010AM/finalprogram/abstract_180902.htm SP - S. 579 PB - Geological Society of America CY - Boulder, Colo. ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Rösler, Horst A1 - Bönisch, Eberhard T1 - Holocene landscape reconstruction and land use changes in Lower Lusatia (Southern Brandenburg, East Germany) - pedological and geomorphological approaches T2 - 2010 GSA Annual Meeting in Denver Colorado, USA 2010, 31 October – 3 November N2 - Modern lignite mining in southern Brandenburg (East Germany) causes the destruction of entire landscapes. To date, research concentrated on the reclamation of areas affected by mining-related activities, but the significance of prehistoric and historic cultures on land use changes is disregarded. Recently, a joint research project was launched for interdisciplinary long-term palaeoenvironmental research and to study anthropogenic landscape change in southern Brandenburg. The project partners are geoscientists from the Brandenburg University of Technology (BTU) Cottbus and archaeologists from the Brandenburgisches Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologisches Museum (BLDAM), within the scope of this project pedological and geomorphological investigations are carried out to reconstruct Holocene landscape and land use change in the apron of the opencast pit Jänschwalde (Lower Lusatia), c. 100 southeast of Berlin and c. 15 km northeast of Cottbus. By law large-scale surveys and excavations have to be carried out in the forefield to document all archaeological findings. In combination with the excellent outcrop situation the archaeological investigation offers ideal conditions to study the soil geomorphology on a landscape scale. Fieldwork includes topographical surveying by differential GPS. Soils and sediments are described along cross-sections (up to 140 m long, up to 2 m deep). Field-portable XRF analyzes (FPXRF) is used for a quick characterization of total element concentrations of the substrates. Standard analytical methods (e.g., soil texture, contents of pedogenic oxides) are carried out in the laboratory. To obtain chronological information, radiocarbon and OSL (optically stimulated luminescence) dating are applied on suitable material. Evidence of different land use and land use change in the study area is abundant. For example, at several cross-sections agricultural soil horizons are covered with up to 150 cm thick eolian sands, proving that deforestation and agricultural use induced eolian soil erosion. In addition, remnants of charcoal piles buried under up to 150 cm thick eolian sands indicate remobilization of Quaternary sands as a consequence of clearing for charcoal production. The ongoing investigations will concentrate on fieldwork. Preliminary results are presented. Y1 - 2010 SP - S. 419 PB - Geological Society of America CY - Boulder, Colo. ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Błaszkiewicz, Mirosław A1 - Kordowski, Jarosław A1 - Noryskiewicz, Agnieszka M. A1 - Tyszkowski, Sebastian A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Late Quaternary soil genesis and geomorphodynamics in Northern Poland T2 - 2nd Annual ICLEA Workshop 2013, Dynamics of climate and landscape evolution of cultural landscapes in the Northern Central European Lowlands since the last ice age, Abstract volume & Excursion guide Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2312/GFZ.b103-13047 SP - S. 43 PB - Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ CY - Potsdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Błaszkiewicz, Mirosław A1 - Brademann, Brian A1 - Brauer, Achim A1 - Brykała, Dariusz A1 - Degórski, Marek A1 - Froehlich, Wojciech A1 - Gierszewski, Piotr A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Kaczmarek, Halina A1 - Kordowski, Jarosław A1 - Kramkowski, Mateusz A1 - Krzymińska, Jarmila A1 - Lamparski, Piotr A1 - Lutyńska, Monika A1 - Mirosław-Grabowska, Joanna A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Noryśkiewicz, Agnieszka M. A1 - Noryśkiewicz, Bożena A1 - Obremska, Milena A1 - Ott, Florian A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Schwab, Markus T1 - Introduction to ICLEA fieldtrips – Stara Kiszewa 2013 T2 - 2nd Annual ICLEA Workshop 2013, Dynamics of climate and landscape evolution of cultural landscapes in the Northern Central European Lowlands since the last ice age, Abstract volume & Excursion guide Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2312/GFZ.b103-13047 N1 - 4 weitere Verfasser SP - 53 EP - 67 PB - Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ CY - Potsdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra ED - Offenhäußer, Dieter ED - Zimmerli, Walther Ch. ED - Albert, Marie-Theres T1 - Impacts of Early Land Use and Mining on River Landscapes T2 - World Heritage and Cultural Diversity Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www.unesco.de/infothek/publikationen/publikationsverzeichnis/world-heritage-and-cultural-diversity.html SN - 978-3-940785-20-6 SP - 252 EP - 259 PB - German Commission for UNESCO CY - Bonn ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bönisch, Eberhard A1 - Rösler, Horst A1 - Schopper, Franz A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra T1 - Pre-industrial charcoal production in southern Brandenburg - A landscape laboratory for studies on the fate of terrestrial organic carbon T2 - EGU General Assembly 2010, held Vienna, Austria, 02 – 07 May 2010 Y1 - 2010 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2010/EGU2010-13387.pdf N1 - EGU2010-13387 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Takla, Melanie A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Bauriegel, Albrecht A1 - Rösler, Horst T1 - Landnutzungsgeschichte und historische Landschaftsentwicklung in der Niederlausitz – Neue Befunde und aktuelle Forschung T2 - Jahrestagung Arbeitskreis Geoarchäologie, Tübingen, 4. Mai bis 7. Mai 2016 N2 - Seit 2010 untersucht eine interdisziplinäre Forschergruppe der BTU, des BLDAM und des LBGR die Landnutzungsgeschichte sowie die natürliche und anthropogen induzierte Landschaftsentwicklung in der Niederlausitz, Brandenburg. Systematische archäologische Grabungen des BLDAM im Vorfeld der laufenden Tagebaue sind eine wichtige Grundlage für geopedologische Untersuchungen. Die Arbeiten hatten zunächst ihren räumlichen Schwerpunkt in den Braunkohletagebauen nordöstlich von Cottbus (Tgb. Cottbus Nord, Tgb. Jänschwalde) und wurden dann ausgedehnt auf weitere Forstflächen nördlich von Peitz. Wir geben einen Überblick über die wichtigsten Erkenntnisse der letzten Jahre, präsentieren aktuelle Ergebnisse und zeigen zukünftige Forschungsfelder auf. Im Tagebau Jänschwalde sind zwischenzeitlich mehr als 1000 Relikte von Holzkohlmeilern (HKM) als Zeugen einer intensiven historischen Holznutzung archäologisch dokumentiert. Mit Stand Januar 2016 liegen Dendroalter von 64 HKM vor. Die Alter schwanken zwischen dem ausgehenden 16. Jahrhundert und der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts, was in etwa dem Betriebszeitraum des Hüttenwerks in Peitz entspricht. Die Mehrzahl der Meiler datiert auf den Beginn des 18. Jahrhunderts. Weitere Hinterlassenschaften der historischen Landnutzung sind u.a. Wölbäcker und begrabene Ackerböden. Fossile Böden und ehemalige Landoberflächen sind stellenweise mit äolischen Sedimenten überdeckt. 14C- und OSL-Datierungen an diesen Böden und Sedimenten lassen auf eine Intensivierung der äolischen Aktivität zur slawischen Zeit und im Deutschen Mittelalter schließen. Einige Relikte von HKM sind mit Sand überweht worden, und an einer Stelle konnte das Alter dieser äolischen Sedimentation mittels Dendrodatierung des begrabenen Meilers auf1850 oder jünger bestimmt werden. Allerdings stellt dies die Ausnahme dar. Der weitaus größere Teil der HKM-Relikte liegt direkt an der Oberfläche und ist nicht begraben, was auf eine sehr geringe Winderosion in der Neuzeit schließen lässt. Seit 2015 konnte im Rahmen des DFG-Projekts „Räumliche und zeitliche Dimension der historischen Köhlerei im Tauerschen Forst (Niederlausitz, Brandenburg). Ein Beitrag zur Kulturlandschaftsentwicklung des Norddeutschen Tieflands“ (Az RA 1129/3-1; RA 931/6-1) ein weiteres Gebiet mit hoher HKM-Dichte untersucht werden. Erste Auswertungen der LiDAR-Daten ergeben eine Anzahl von 4449 ehemaligen Meilerstandorten im Tauerschen Forst. 26 Meilerstellen sind beprobt, die Dendroalter hierzu sind in Bearbeitung. Ebenfalls in jüngerer Zeit fanden Untersuchungen zur Verbreitung von HKM-Relikten für das gesamte Land Brandenburg statt. Mit Hilfe eines binären Modells wurden Gebiete mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit von HKM-Standorten detektiert. Im Rahmen des im November 2016 beginnenden DFG-Projekts „Die historische Köhlerei in Brandenburg - Analyse der räumlichen Dimension und der Effekte auf bodenhydraulische Eigenschaften“ (SCHN 1349/1-1) sollen nun neben der Verbreitung der historischen Köhlerei auch bodenrelevante Auswirkungen beschrieben und bewertet werden. Y1 - 2016 UR - https://akgeoarchaeologie.de/de/180 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Rösler, Horst A1 - Takla, Melanie A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Ritschl, Bosse A1 - Raab, Thomas ED - Schopper, Franz ED - Bönisch, Eberhard T1 - Geophysikalische Prospektion und Mikrodrohnenbefliegungen zur Dokumentation von Meilerplätzen in der Jänschwalder Heide T2 - Ausgrabungen im Niederlausitzer Braunkohlerevier 2013/2014 Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-910011-79-3 SP - 145 EP - 154 PB - Brandenburgisches LAndesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologisches Landesmuseum CY - Zossen OT Wünsdorf ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Takla, Melanie A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Rösler, Horst T1 - Integrative Application of Traditional and Cutting-Edge Techniques to Reconstruct Holocene Earth Surface Processes and Landscape Dynamics - A Case Study from the Northern German Lowland T2 - AGU Joint Assembly, Montreal, 2015, abstracts listing N2 - This study outlines the opportunities to reconstruct Holocene landscape dynamics in active opencast lignite mines in southern Brandenburg (Germany). Studies on extensive outcrops that address geomorphology, pedology and archaeology provide unique insights into human-induced environmental changes. Our approach uses a variety of traditional and cutting-edge techniques to characterize small-scale landforms (high-resolution DEMs by micro-drone and LiDAR), to analyze soils and substrate properties in the field (GPR, ERT, geomagnetics, Field Portable XRF and XRD) and to provide chronological information (OSL, 14C, tree-ring dating). This approach is combined with a GIS for data integration. We present the most recent results and review important findings from the last several years. Studies conducted in the opencast mines focus on soil development and Late Quaternary geomorphodynamics and as well as past land use and the legacy of agriculture and woodland use. Our results regarding the human-induced geomorphodynamics are similar to those in other regions in Central Europe, but we also observe regional differences caused by the local setting, e.g., intensification of soil erosion coinciding with the expansion of farming of cultivated lands in the Slavic Middle Ages. By analyzing LiDAR data the largest area of historical charcoal production in the Northern European Lowland (NEL) has been revealed. We are clearly only beginning to understand the massive dimensions of charcoal production in the region and the impact on late Holocene geomorphodynamics. The usage of new high-resolution imagery is essential to identify small-scale anthropogenic landforms hidden in the landscape. Future work will consist of developing and improving our integrative approach. However, comprehensive ground truth data provided by the archaeological prospections in the open-cast mines are an excellent basis for GIS-based analyses of high-resolution ALS data and geomorphological research. Y1 - 2015 UR - http://www.mineralogicalassociation.ca/doc/2015_Joint_Assembly_Abstract_Proceedings.pdf N1 - ES33A-01 SP - 135 EP - 136 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Takla, Melanie A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Rösler, Horst T1 - Mapping historic charcoal production fields from excavation to landscape scale T2 - AGU Joint Assembly, Montreal, 2015, abstracts listing N2 - In the forefield of the open-cast mine Jänschwalde (north of Cottbus, Germany), archaeological excavations have revealed one of the largest charcoal production fields described so far. As remains of the historic charcoal kilns, small mounds of sediment rich in charcoal fragments and ash cover the soil surface. We applied a combination of methods for mapping such kiln relicts across a range of scales, in order to analyze the spatial distribution of kiln sites and to improve the understanding of historic forest use systems. In archaeological excavations in the mine forefield, the geometry of kiln relicts could be studied in high detail. We used a microdrone to record high-resolution photographs of excavation sites for the documentation of kiln site ground plans and other traces of historic land use. Based on airborne laser scanning elevation models, kiln site mapping was extended to areas beyond the mine forefield. Manual digitization from shaded relief maps was used for mapping kiln sites in further woodland areas surrounding an historic ironwork north of Cottbus. An automated mapping approach based on template matching was developed to detect charcoal production fields on a larger scale, and was applied for an area of about 1000 km2up to now. In archaeological excavations, about 900 kiln sites have been documented on an approximately 17 km2 large area. Excavation documentations and aerial photographs show variations in the kiln site ground plans. By manual digitization from Shaded Relief Maps, more than 5000 kiln sites with diameters up to 29 m were detected in the 32 km2 area of the royal forest Jänschwalder Heide north of Cottbus. First results of mapping for larger areas indicate similar densities, but smaller diameters of kiln sites in other charcoal production fields; and show that charcoal production is a so far underestimated component of the land use history in many areas in the Northern European Lowlands. Y1 - 2015 UR - http://www.mineralogicalassociation.ca/doc/2015_Joint_Assembly_Abstract_Proceedings.pdf N1 - GA44A-0124 SP - 168 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Takla, Melanie A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Rösler, Horst T1 - Mapping the legacies of historic charcoal production T2 - American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting San Franisco, USA, 2014 N2 - The historic production of charcoal is an important component of the late Holocene fire history for many landscapes. Charcoal production can have numerous effects on ecosystems, e.g., through changes in forest area and structure, or through the effects of pyrolysis, charcoal and ash addition to soils. To assess such effects, it is necessary to understand the spatial extent and patterns of historic charcoal production, which has so far hardly been approached for the Northern European Lowlands. In the forefield of the open-cast mine Jänschwalde (north of Cottbus, Germany), archaeological excavations have revealed one of the largest charcoal production fields described so far. For this area, we applied and evaluated different methods for mapping the spatial distribution of charcoal kiln remains. We present methods and results of our work in this exceptionally well-described charcoal production field and of additional studies on kiln site distribution in regions of the Northern European Lowlands. The large-scale excavations in the mine forefield provide exact information on kiln site geometry. Using airborne laser scanning elevation models, the mapping of kiln sites could be extended to areas beyond the mine forefield. To detect kiln sites for larger areas, an automated GIS based mapping routine, based on a combination of morphometric parameters, was developed and evaluated. By manual digitization from Shaded Relief Maps, more than 5000 kiln sites in an area of 32 km2 were detected in the Jänschwalde mine forefield, with 1355 kiln sites that are wider than 12 m. These relatively large kiln sites could be mapped with detection rates that are close to those of manual digitization using the automated routine. First results for different study areas indicate that charcoal production is a so far underestimated component of the land use history in many parts of the Northern European Lowlands. Y1 - 2014 UR - http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFM.H43D0989S N1 - H43D-0989 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Die Böden im Tagebauvorfeld Jänschwalde - Ergebnisse bodenkundlich-geomorphologischer Untersuchungen T2 - Ausgrabungen im Niederlausitzer Braunkohlenrevier 2011/2012 Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-910011-85-4 SP - 249 EP - 256 PB - Brandenburgisches Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologisches Landesmuseum CY - Wünsdorf ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Maaten-Theunissen, Marieke van der A1 - Maaten, Ernst van der A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Soil physics and chemistry at a medieval ridge and furrow site in northeastern Germany T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria N2 - The usage of non-reversible ploughs, mainly during the Middle Ages and until historic times, led to the formation of ridge and furrow systems. Due to improvements of agricultural techniques, these historic agricultural sites were often abandoned and are now marginal land. The parallel ridges and furrows are usually, if not destroyed by later conventional ploughing, preserved in present-day forests. In northeastern Germany ridge and furrow systems are normally several decameters long and up to ten meters wide. The height difference between ridge top and furrow bottom is up to 50 centimeters and is expected to cause significant contrasts of soil properties and vegetation. Furthermore, due to the abandonment of sites with ridges and furrows, soils on these sites are unique archives for studies on fertilization, soil carbon dynamics and soil development. Therefore, we are characterizing soil physics (bulk density, saturated soil hydraulic conductivity, texture) and soil chemistry (soil acidity, carbon and nitrogen content) on a type location of historic ridges and furrows about 100 km northwest of Berlin. Y1 - 2017 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2017/EGU2017-4003-1.pdf N1 - EGU2017-4003-1 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Ouimet, William A1 - Dethier, David A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Alexandra T1 - Soils on historic charcoal hearths – chemical properties and terminology T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria N2 - Charcoal hearths are a unique archive for the long term interaction between biochar, soil development and plant growth. Charcoal as raw material was crucial for the production of iron in iron works and hence numerous charcoal hearths can be found in the forests near historic iron works in Europe as well as the Eastern United States. Charcoal hearths are round to elliptical forms often around 10 m in diameter, and consisting of a several decimeter thick layer containing charcoal fragments, ash, and burnt soil. We studied the soil chemistry of 24 charcoal hearths and compared them to the surrounding ‘natural’ soils in Litchfield County, Connecticut. The thickness of the organic rich horizons on the charcoal hearths and their carbon content is remarkably higher than in the surrounding topsoils. The wide distribution of charcoal hearths, their usually high quantity, and their occurrence in different ecosystems underlines their importance for further pedological research. Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2017/EGU2017-4009-1.pdf N1 - EGU2017-4009-1 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Vasserman, Oleksandr A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Naeth, M. Anne T1 - Influence of relief and vegetation on soil properties in a disturbed chernozem soil landscape T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria N2 - In central and southeastern Alberta, chernozems dominate the soil landscape and are divided into several groups that follow the climate gradient from Northwest to Southeast: Dark Grey Chernozems, Black Chernozems, Dark Brown Chernozems; Brown Chernozems. Principles controlling development and distribution of these chernozem subtypes along the ecotone transect are quite well known. However, intensive land use over the last century has affected soils that originally have formed under natural conditions during the Holocene in more than 10,000 years. There is a lack of knowledge regarding soil development in these landscapes on the decadal to centennial time scale. Within this time frame the most important factor of soil formation may be relief, although this has not been properly studied. This study aims to compare soil properties in a typical chernozem landscape where soils have been highly disturbed and parent materials have been re-arranged by surface coal mining.We hypothesize that within 50 years, soils develop with significant differences based on vegetation type and slope aspect. Our study site is the former Diplomat Mine near Forestburg, Alberta where spoils form a small scale ridge and graben topography. The south facing slopes of the piles are covered by grassland, whereas on the north exposition has trees and shrubs. Samples were taken from six sites with differences in topography and vegetation type. Diplomate T1 is at the top of the ridge with grassland, Diplomate S1 is on the southern slope with grassland, Diplomate N1 is on the northern slope with trees, and Diplomate N2 is on the northern slope with shrubs. For comparison we took samples from two sites without slope aspect. One site was an undisturbed grassland (Diplomate Z1) and the other sites were reclaimed piles (Diplomate R1). At each site, five soil profiles were examined and volumetrically sampled (250 cm3 steel ring) in steps of five centimeters to a depth of 30 centimeters. We present first results of basic physical and chemical soil parameters (bulk density, water content, pH, Cstock, N-stock). Y1 - 2017 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2017/EGU2017-2332.pdf N1 - EGU2017-2332 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Assessing the legacy effects of historic charcoal production in Brandenburg, Germany T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria N2 - Charcoal produced in kilns or hearths was an important source of energy in many regions of Europe and Northern America until the 19th century, and charcoal production in hearths is still common in many other regions of the world. The remains of charcoal hearths are therefore a widespread legacy of historic land use in forest areas. Soils on charcoal hearth sites are characterized by a technogenic layer rich in charcoal and ash on top of the soil profile, and by a pyrogenic modification of substrates below the former hearth. The aims of our study are to examine how these alterations to the natural soil profiles affect the soil water regime and other soil physical properties, and to assess the relevance of these effects on the landscape scale. We present first results of a mapping of hearth site occurrence in forest areas in the state of Brandenburg, Germany, and of a characterization of the infiltration behaviour on hearth sites as compared with undisturbed forest soils. Results of mapping small-scale relief features from LIDAR-based digital elevation models show that charcoal hearths occur in a high density in many large forest areas throughout Brandenburg. In the areas studied so far, up to almost 3% of the soil surface were found to be affected by the remains of historic hearths. First analyses of soil physical properties indicate differences in the infiltration characteristics of hearth site soils and undisturbed forest soils: Hood infiltrometer measurements show a very high spatial variability of hydraulic conductivity for hearth site soils, and water-drop-penetration-time tests reflect extremely high hydrophobicity of the technogenic layer on the sites. Results of dye tracer experiment show considerably strong preferential flow and therefore a higher spatial variability of soil wetness below the hearth remains. Overall, our first results therefore indicate that the legacy effects of historic charcoal production might significantly affect overall site conditions in forest areas with a high density of charcoal hearth remains. Y1 - 2017 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2017/EGU2017-6096-1.pdf N1 - EGU2017-6096-1 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hirsch, Florian T1 - Extensive historical charcoal production in Brandenburg (Germany) – identification of potential areas by GIS analysis T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria N2 - We used a GIS analysis of environmental and historical data to identify potential areas of extensive charcoal production in Brandenburg. The analysis was based on three assumptions (i to iii). Large charcoal kiln fields can be found in areas that i) are close to historical industrial sites, ii) are close to bog iron ore deposits, and iii) have been continuously covered by forest during the last centuries. Information on theses parameters was gathered in an archive and literature study and from historical and recent maps. Areas with a high probability of kiln site occurrence were then determined using a simple binary additive model. In the last step, shaded-relief maps (SRMs) were visually checked for clearly visible kiln sites and soil properties were analysed in the determined areas. In total, eight areas with a high probability of kiln site occurrence are identified for the state of Brandenburg. By visual interpretation of SRMs, high kiln site densities in these areas are confirmed. The analysis of soil maps shows that kiln fields are predominantly located on sandy soils with a low yield potential. Although further parameters and study areas need to be considered in the model in order to explain the spatial distribution patterns of charcoal production, the results indicate correlations between the location of bog iron ore deposits, historic ironworks and charcoal kiln fields. Y1 - 2017 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2017/EGU2017-2976.pdf N1 - EGU2017-2976 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Wechler, Klaus-Peter A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Mapping a paleosurface and archaeological site location in an inland dune area in Brandenburg, Germany T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria N2 - Mapping and visualizing the position of archaeological remains in the surface relief provides important basic information for archaeological survey design and interpretation. Geomorphological processes in (pre)history can have resulted in a modification of the local relief around archaeological sites, especially in areas that are prone to sediment erosion and relocation, so that models of past surfaces are necessary for a correct interpretation of archaeological survey results. In this study, we combined terrestrial survey and remote sensing methods to reconstruct the palaeorelief around two archaeological excavation sites in an inland dune area in southern Brandenburg, Germany. Remains from two Mesolithic hunter-gatherer camps were documented in archaeological excavations and found to be associated with a buried soil horizon. To gather information on the relief of the buried soil surface, we used a combination of sedimentological and pedological profile description of archaeological survey trenches and geophysical prospection with Ground-Penetrating Radar; supplemented by microdrone photography and photogrammetry, GPS surveys and analysis of LIDAR-based elevation models. A digital elevation model of the buried surface was created by combining point data from these sources. The buried surface morphology and the position of the archeological remains within the reconstructed landscape were analyzed in GIS. The comparison of the generated paleosurface model with the recent surface elevation model shows that sand remobilization resulted in a considerable reshaping of the relief. Analysis of the buried surface model further shows that the relief position of the two archaeological sites in the study area was considerably more prominent in relation to the corresponding buried soil surface than in relation to the recent surface morphology. Results affirm the importance of considering Holocene relief modifications in archaeological surveys. Y1 - 2017 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2017/EGU2017-6066-1.pdf N1 - EGU2017-6066-1 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Bonhage, Alexander ED - Schwab, Markus ED - Błaszkiewicz, Mirek ED - Raab, Thomas ED - Wilmking, Martin ED - Brauer, Achim T1 - Late Quaternary landscape development and legacies of human‐induced land use changes in Lower Lusatia, South Brandenburg, Germany T2 - ICLEA Final Symposium 2017, Human Impact and Landscape Evolution in the Southern Baltic Lowlands, Abstract Volume & Excursion Guide Y1 - 2017 UR - http://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de/pubman/item/escidoc:2215927 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2312/GFZ.b103-17037 SP - 182 EP - 198 PB - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences CY - Potsdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Ouimet, William A1 - Dethier, David ED - Schwab, Markus ED - Błaszkiewicz, Mirek ED - Raab, Thomas ED - Wilmking, Martin ED - Brauer, Achim T1 - Late Holocene biochar enrichment in soils ‐ implications of an anthropogenic legacy for ecosystems T2 - ICLEA Final Symposium 2017, Human Impact and Landscape Evolution in the Southern Baltic Lowlands, Abstract Volume & Excursion Guide Y1 - 2017 UR - http://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de/pubman/item/escidoc:2215927 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2312/GFZ.b103-17037 SP - 79 EP - 81 PB - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences CY - Potsdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas ED - Schwab, Markus ED - Błaszkiewicz, Mirek ED - Raab, Thomas ED - Wilmking, Martin ED - Brauer, Achim T1 - Dye tracer visualization of infiltration patterns in soils on historic charcoal hearth sites T2 - ICLEA Final Symposium 2017, Human Impact and Landscape Evolution in the Southern Baltic Lowlands, Abstract Volume & Excursion Guide Y1 - 2017 UR - http://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de/pubman/item/escidoc:2215927 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2312/GFZ.b103-17037 SP - 150 EP - 151 PB - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences CY - Potsdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Wechler, Klaus-Peter A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas ED - Schwab, Markus ED - Błaszkiewicz, Mirek ED - Raab, Thomas ED - Wilmking, Martin ED - Brauer, Achim T1 - Mapping a palaeosurface and archaeological site location in an anthropogenic drift sand area T2 - ICLEA Final Symposium 2017, Human Impact and Landscape Evolution in the Southern Baltic Lowlands, Abstract Volume & Excursion Guide Y1 - 2017 UR - http://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de/pubman/item/escidoc:2215927 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2312/GFZ.b103-17037 SP - 152 EP - 154 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Raab, Thomas ED - Schwab, Markus ED - Błaszkiewicz, Mirek ED - Raab, Thomas ED - Wilmking, Martin ED - Brauer, Achim T1 - Assessing the legacies of historical charcoal production in Brandenburg T2 - ICLEA Final Symposium 2017, Human Impact and Landscape Evolution in the Southern Baltic Lowlands, Abstract Volume & Excursion Guide Y1 - 2017 UR - http://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de/pubman/item/escidoc:2215927 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2312/GFZ.b103-17037 SP - 155 EP - 156 PB - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences CY - Potsdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Ouimet, William A1 - Dethier, David A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Alexandra T1 - Soils on historic charcoal hearths - terminology and chemical properties T2 - Soil Science Society of America Journal : SSSAJ N2 - Historic charcoal hearth remains provide a unique archive of the long term interaction between biochar, soil development and plant growth. Charcoal as raw material was crucial for production of iron in iron works and hence numerous charcoal hearths can be found in the forests near historic iron works in Europe as well as the Eastern United States. Charcoal hearths are round to elliptical forms often around 10 m in diameter, and consist of several decimeter thick layers that contain charcoal fragments, ash, and burnt soil. We studied the soil chemistry of 24 charcoal hearths and compared them to the surrounding ‘natural’ soils in the northern Appalachians of northwestern Connecticut. The thickness of the topsoils on the charcoal hearths and their carbon content are remarkably higher than in the surrounding topsoils. The presence of residual products from charcoal production classifies the soils as Anthropic Udorthents (US Soil Taxonomy) or Spolic Technosols (Humic) according to the World Reference Base for Soil Resources. The widespread occurrence of charcoal hearth remains and their high spatial density in different ecosystems underlines their importance for further pedological research. KW - biochar KW - pedogenesis KW - land use KW - carbon sink Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2017.02.0067 SN - 1435-0661 SN - 0361-5995 VL - 81 IS - 6 SP - 1427 EP - 1435 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Bonhage, Alexander ED - Holzheu, Stefan ED - Thies, Birgit T1 - The geomorphic legacy of historic charcoal production in Brandenburg, Germany T2 - 4th Central European Geomorphology Conference, Bayreuth, October 9th-13th 2017 Y1 - 2017 SP - 117 EP - 118 CY - Bayreuth ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Bodenveränderungen durch die historische Holzkohleproduktion in Brandenburg T2 - Abstracts der Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, Göttingen, 2017 Y1 - 2017 UR - http://dbg17.abstract-dialog.de/search/abstract_detail.php?aId=346 PB - DBG CY - Göttingen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Legacies of historic charcoal production in Brandenburg, Germany T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2018, Vienna, Austria Y1 - 2018 UR - https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2018/EGU2018-10089.pdf N1 - EGU2018-10089 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Multiproxy analysis of a relict charcoal hearth field in Brandenburg (Germany) T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2018, Vienna, Austria Y1 - 2018 UR - https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2018/EGU2018-7065.pdf N1 - EGU2018-7065 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Maaten-Theunissen, Marieke van der A1 - Maaten, Ernst van der A1 - Schneider, Marcus A1 - Bauriegel, Albrecht A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Soil physics and chemistry at two medieval ridge and furrow sites in northeastern Germany T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2018, Vienna, Austria Y1 - 2018 UR - https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2018/EGU2018-6261-1.pdf N1 - EGU2018-6261 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Bauriegel, Albrecht A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Gypser, Stella T1 - Occurrence, soil parameters and genesis of Rhodic Arenosols (‘Fuchserden’) in northeastern Germany T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2018, Vienna, Austria Y1 - 2018 UR - https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2018/EGU2018-6205-1.pdf N1 - EGU2018-6205-01 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Bauriegel, Albrecht A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Formation, classification and properties of soils at two relict charcoal hearth sites in Brandenburg, Germany T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2018, Vienna, Austria Y1 - 2018 UR - https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2018/EGU2018-6091.pdf N1 - EGU2018-6091 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Ouimet, William A1 - Raab, Alexandra T1 - Effects of historical charcoal burning on soil landscapes in West Connecticut, USA T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2018, Vienna, Austria Y1 - 2018 UR - https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2018/EGU2018-19413.pdf N1 - EGU2018-19413 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Maaten-Theunissen, Marieke van der A1 - Maaten, Ernst van der A1 - Schneider, Marcus A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas ED - Berg, Stefanie ED - Eckmeier, Eileen ED - Linzen, Sven ED - Werther, Lukas ED - Zielhofer, Christoph T1 - Pedology and effects on vegetation at two medieval ridge and furrow sites in northeastern Germany T2 - Jahrestagung des Arbeitskreises Geoarchäologie, München, 2018 Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.22032/dbt.34521 SP - S. 18 PB - Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena [u.a.] CY - Jena [u.a.] ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas ED - Berg, Stefanie ED - Eckmeier, Eileen ED - Linzen, Sven ED - Werther, Lukas ED - Zielhofer, Christoph T1 - Multiproxy analysis of a relict charcoal hearth field in Brandenburg (Germany) T2 - Jahrestagung des Arbeitskreises Geoarchäologie, München, 2018 Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.22032/dbt.34521 SP - S. 27 PB - Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena [u.a.] CY - Jena [u.a.] ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas ED - Berg, Stefanie ED - Eckmeier, Eileen ED - Linzen, Sven ED - Werther, Lukas ED - Zielhofer, Christoph T1 - Relikte der historischen Köhlerei in Brandenburg T2 - Jahrestagung des Arbeitskreises Geoarchäologie, München, 2018 Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.22032/dbt.34521 SP - S. 28 PB - Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena [u.a.] CY - Jena [u.a.] ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Bauriegel, Albrecht A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Formation, Classification, and Properties of Soils at Two Relict Charcoal Hearth Sites in Brandenburg, Germany T2 - Frontiers in Environmental Science N2 - Historical charcoal production can have significant effects on soil properties. We studied soils at former charcoal production sites (relict charcoal hearths, RCHs) and compared these soils with undisturbed soil next to the charcoal hearths and four typical soils on similar parent material located at distances between 10 and 70 km from the RCHs. In a landscape typical of the northern German lowland, we found Podsolige Braunerde [WRB: Brunic Arenosols (Protospodic)] outside of the RCHs and soils with a clearly different stratigraphy within the RCHs. The main feature of the soils at both of the studied RCHs is a heterogeneous, charcoal-bearing deposit that is ~30 cm thick. No indications of translocation or mineral transformation processes, which form distinct soil horizons after the deposition of anthropogenic material on the RCHs, are present. Except for the differences in color and total carbon content, the soil chemistry of the RCHs hardly differs from that of the soil outside of the charcoal hearth sites. The soil colors and magnetic susceptibility values strongly suggest that the RCH substrates and the underlying topsoil were affected by thermally induced transformation of iron (hydr-)oxides. Although the charring procedure normally requires ~2 weeks, the heating effect only reaches to a maximum depth of 8 cm into the buried soil below the charcoal hearths. The presence of reddish soil and an abrupt increase in magnetic susceptibility in the upper 2 cm of the soil below the charcoal hearths indicate the heat-induced transformation of iron (hydr-)oxides into maghemite. Brighter soil color and an increase in soil organic matter (SOM) in the lower parts of the buried topsoil demonstrate the combustion of SOM up to 5 cm depth below the RCH. According to the German Guidelines for Soil Mapping, the soils in the RCHs are classified as Regosols above Braunerde [WRB: Spolic Technosols (Arenic)]. However, because the anthropogenic features of these soil sediments are disregarded in the German Guidelines for Soil Mapping, we suggest adapting the “M” horizon to permit a jM horizon. Thus, the soils in the RCHs could be classified as Kolluviale Braunerde. Y1 - 2018 UR - https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2018.00094/full U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2018.00094 SN - 2296-665X VL - 6 SP - 1 EP - 15 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Bodenkundlich-geomorphologische Untersuchung von Meilerplätzen um Weiherhammer T2 - Beiträge zur Archäologie in der Oberpfalz und in Regensburg Y1 - 2018 SN - 1617-4461 VL - 12 SP - 433 EP - 448 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Dye Tracer Visualization of Infiltration Patterns in Soils on Relict Charcoal Hearths T2 - Frontiers in Environmental Sciences Y1 - 2018 UR - https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2018.00143/full U6 - https://doi.org/doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2018.00143 VL - 6 SP - 1 EP - 14 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Legacies of historic charcoal production in Brandenburg, Germany T2 - Conference booklet, 5th International Landscape Archaeology Conference, 17th-20th September 2018 Newcastle and Durham, UK Y1 - 2018 UR - https://www.ncl.ac.uk/media/wwwnclacuk/mccordcentre/files/LAC2018_ConferenceBooklet.pdf SP - S. 214 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Ouimet, William A1 - Dethier, David A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Alexandra T1 - Soils on Historic Charcoal Hearths: Terminology and Chemical Properties T2 - Soil Science Society of America, International Soils Meeting, Soils Across Latitudes, San Diego 2019 Y1 - 2019 UR - https://scisoc.confex.com/scisoc/2019sssa/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/114844 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Ouimet, William A1 - Drohan, Patrick J. T1 - Effects of Historical Charcoal Burning on Soil Landscapes in West Connecticut, USA T2 - Soil Science Society of America, International Soils Meeting, Soils Across Latitudes, San Diego 2019 Y1 - 2019 UR - https://scisoc.confex.com/scisoc/2019sssa/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/114845 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra T1 - The temperature regime of a charcoal-enriched land use legacy soil T2 - Soil Science Society of America Journal Y1 - 2019 UR - https://dl.sciencesocieties.org/publications/sssaj/abstracts/83/3/565 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2018.12.0483 SN - 1435-0661 VL - 83 IS - 3 SP - 565 EP - 574 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Donovan, Sally A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Thermal conductivity of charcoal-richsoils–preliminary results from a study on relict charcoal hearth (RCH) sites from Germany and the USA T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria, 7–12 April 2019 Y1 - 2019 UR - https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2019/EGU2019-5983.pdf CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Raab, Alexandra T1 - Geoecological legacies of pre-industrial charcoal burning – Research questions and approaches T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria Y1 - 2019 UR - https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2019/EGU2019-2811-1.pdf CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Soil moisture monitoring on land use legacy soils – a study on relict charcoal hearth sites in Brandenburg, Germany T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria, 7–12 April 2019 Y1 - 2019 UR - https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2019/EGU2019-2302-1.pdf CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Schopper, Franz ED - Raab, Thomas ED - Raab, Alexandra ED - Schopper, Franz T1 - Erfassung und Bewertung von vorindustriellen Meilerstandorten - Workshop 19. Februar 2019 Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.26127/BTUOpen-4817 SN - 2196-4122 PB - Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus-Senftenberg, Lehrstuhl Geopedologie und Landschaftsentwicklung CY - Cottbus ER - TY - GEN A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Aghte, Markus ED - Raab, Thomas ED - Raab, Alexandra ED - Schopper, Franz T1 - Historische Köhlerei und ihre Hinterlassenschaft – Ein Überblick T2 - Erfassung und Bewertung von vorindustriellen Meilerstandorten – Workshop 19. Februar 2019 Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.26127/BTUOpen-4817 SP - 1 EP - 22 PB - Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus-Senftenberg, Lehrstuhl Geopedologie und Landschaftsentwicklung CY - Cottbus ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas ED - Raab, Thomas ED - Raab, Alexandra ED - Schopper, Franz T1 - Verbreitung und Eigenschaften von Meilerböden in Brandenburg T2 - Erfassung und Bewertung von vorindustriellen Meilerstandorten – Workshop 19. Februar 2019 Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.26127/BTUOpen-4817 SP - 23 EP - 42 PB - Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus - Senftenberg, Fachgebiet Geopedologie und Landschaftsentwicklung CY - Cottbus ER - TY - GEN A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Bönisch, Eberhard T1 - Böden historischer Landnutzung in der Niederlausitz - Wölbäcker und Kohlemeiler T2 - Brandenburgische Geowissenschaftliche Beiträge N2 - In der Niederlausitz finden sich - meist unter Kiefern- und Eichenforsten versteckt - zahlreiche Relikte der historischen Landnutzung, die bisher kaum bekannt sind. Zu den auffälligsten Formen zählen Wölbäcker und Plätze ehemaliger Kohlemeiler. In einigen Regionen der Niederlausitz ist die Verbreitung der Landnutzungsrelikte so groß bzw. ihre Dichte so hoch, dass sie prägend für die Bodenlandschaft werden. Dieser Beitrag zeigt an repräsentativen Beispielen die charakteristischen Merkmale und Eigenschaften der Böden auf Wölbäckern und Relikten von Holzkohlenmeilern (HKM). Y1 - 2019 SN - 0947-1995 VL - 26 IS - 1/2 SP - 5 EP - 14 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Mykhailova, Larysa A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Ouimet, William T1 - FTIR-based inquiry on carbon in forest soil substrate enriched by aged biochar, West Connecticut, USA T2 - Jahrestagung der Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft der Schweiz und der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, Abstract-Band 2019 N2 - Relict charcoal hearths (RCHs) are sites of former charcoal production that are an increasingly well documented anthropogenic feature in forests of the temperate climate zone. However, the type and extent of a possible legacy effect from RCHs on soil physical and chemical properties is still largely unknown. In the Litchfield Hills in west Connecticut, RCH sites are located mainly on slopes and therefore differ in their architecture from lowland sites found in Europe. One of the striking characteristics of a RCH site regardless of its architecture is the enrichment of the soil with charcoal in varying particle sizes. In this study, we use chemical digestion coupled with a PLSR-model to quantify organic carbon and pyrogenic carbon in RCH substrate by MIR-DRIFT measurements. Furthermore, we analyse the quality of carbon compounds by MIR-DRIFT measurements on multiple grain size fractions to assess the post-burn enrichment of soil organic matter. Preliminary results show a markedly increase in organic and pyrogenic carbon in RCH substrates in relation to the natural forest soil. Also, our first results suggest that the enrichment of organic carbon is favoured on RCHsites. However, the causality between the enrichment of soil organic matter and site features remains open. Experiments using chemical extraction techniques on our samples hint at an increase of labile organic compounds and/or microbial biomass. This legacy effect of RCHs is however evident and further studies need to focus on how to address them. Y1 - 2019 UR - https://www.dbges.de/de/system/files/Bern2019/Programmheft/abstractband.dbg2019_2.pdf SP - S. 198 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Donovan, Sara A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Der Einfluss von Relikten der historischen Köhlerei auf Bodentemperatur und –wärmeleitfähigkeit T2 - Abstract-Band, Jahrestagung der Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft der Schweizund der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen GesellschaftBern, 24.–29. August 2019 N2 - Die Beimengung von Holzkohle in Böden kann deutlichen Einfluss auf die physikalischen Bodeneigenschaften haben. Solche Effekte treten nicht nur in gezielt mit Holzkohle („biochar“) angereicherten Ackerböden auf, sondern auch auf den Standorten historischer Holzkohlemeiler (HKM), die in vielen Waldgebieten in großer Zahl vorkommen. Die prägendste Eigenschaft solcher Böden auf HKM ist eine technogene, kohlereiche Substratschicht, die über dem natürlich entwickelten Bodenprofil abgelagert ist. In jüngster Zeitwurden in mehreren Studien ein von den umliegenden Waldböden abweichendes Vegetationswachstum und eine abweichende C-Dynamik auf HKM festgestellt. Welche Bodeneigenschaften der HKM solche Unterschiede bewirken, ist aber noch unklar. Ein möglicher, bisher kaum untersuchter Einflussfaktor ist die Bodentemperatur. Ziel dieser Studie war es, den Einfluss von Holzkohlebeimengungen auf die Wärmeleitfähigkeit und das Bodentemperaturregime von HKM-Böden zu charakterisieren. Untersucht wurden HKM auf sandigem Substrat in der Lausitz (Brandenburg). An zwei Standorten wurden Profile auf HKM und benachbarten Waldböden für ein Monitoring der Bodentemperatur über jeweils ein Jahr instrumentiert, die Wärmeleitfähigkeit von HKM-Schicht, Ah-, fAh-und Bv-Horizont wurde im Labor bestimmt. In einem Laborexperiment wurde zusätzlich die Wärmeleitfähigkeit von künstlich hergestellten Proben aus sandigem Substrat und Holzkohlefragmenten in unterschiedlichen Mischungsverhältnissen untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine deutlich verringerte Wärmeleitfähigkeit des kohlereichen Substrats. Damit verbunden zeigen sich im Monitoring geringere Schwankungen der Bodentemperatur auf den HKM in tiefen Bereichen des Profils, in den obersten Dezimetern wurden hingegen stärkere Schwankungen der Bodentemperatur festgestellt. Insgesamt zeigt sich damit ein noch über die technogene Substratschicht hinaus wirksamer Einfluss der typischen Eigenschaften des kohlereichen HKM-Substrats auf die Bodentemperatur. Y1 - 2019 UR - https://www.dbges.de/de/system/files/Bern2019/Programmheft/abstractband.dbg2019_2.pdf SP - S. 350 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Aged biochar enriched substrate increases SOM stocks of forest soils in the North German Lowland T2 - Abstract-Band, Jahrestagung der Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft der Schweizund der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen GesellschaftBern, 24.–29. August 2019 N2 - Recentfindings of more than 4000 relict charcoal hearths (RCH) in the forest district Tauer (Brandenburg, Germany) raise the question to what extent soil properties are controlled by a legacy effect of historical charcoal burning. RCH sites are characterized bya substantial admixture of charcoal fragments of varying particle sizes constituting an anthropogenic addition of carbon to the natural forest soil. Ages of about 250 years proven by dendrochronological dating of larger charcoal pieces on RCHs allow for assessing long-term effects of biochar application on forest soils. In this study, we measured the geometry and SOM content of 20 RCH sites in a selected part of the forest district. The results are the basis for a projection of RCH SOM stocks on a 40 ha forest plot with 120 RCH sites. In the range of statistical uncertainties it is shown that RCHs add between 13 % and 32 % of SOM to the SOM stock of the natural forest soil in the studied plot. These substantial amounts of SOM are so far not recognized by any soil survey or forest soil inventories of SOM and SOC stocks. In light of an increasing amount of studies that detect RCH sites in forests of Europe and the USA in the range of tens-and even hundreds of thousands, the question has to be asked how to address this legacy effect in ongoing scientific discussions about soil carbon stocks, carbon sequestration and the long-term effects of biochar application into soils. Y1 - 2019 UR - https://www.dbges.de/de/system/files/Bern2019/Programmheft/abstractband.dbg2019_2.pdf SP - S. 502 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Donovan, Sally T1 - Long term anthropogenic enrichment of soil organic matter stocks in forest soils – detecting a legacy of historical charcoal production T2 - Forest Ecology and Management N2 - Recent findings of several thousand relict charcoal hearths (RCHs) in the Tauer Forest (Brandenburg, Germany) raise questions about the legacy effects of historical charcoal production on soil properties. RCH sites are characterized by the admixture of charcoal fragments to the natural forest soil, constituting an anthropogenic addition of carbon. Dendrochronological dating of large charcoal pieces has identified RCH ages ranging from 1709 AD to 1823 AD for a subarea in the Tauer Forest, which allows for assessing century old effects of charcoal application on forest soils. We measured the geometry and soil organic matter (SOM) content of 20 RCH sites in a selected part of the forest. The results provide a basis for estimating RCH SOM stocks on a 40-ha forest plot with 120 RCH sites. We also assessed the accuracy of RCH mapping based on digital elevation models (DEMs) with results from a ground survey. Over 50 % of sites were not detected by the DEM-based mapping. In the range of statistical uncertainties, RCHs add between 18 % and 32 % of SOM to the stock of the natural forest soil in the study area. This equals an additional 4.9 – 8.9 Mg of carbon per hectare of forest soil. These substantial amounts of SOM are so far not recognized by any survey or forest soil SOM inventories. Considering recent studies, which uncovered tens- and hundreds- of thousands of RCHs throughout Europe and the USA, we conclude that further knowledge of RCH SOM is important for quantifying anthropogenic SOM stocks on a global scale. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2019.117814 SN - 0378-1127 VL - 459 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Ouimet, William T1 - Characteristics of small anthropogenic landforms resulting from historical charcoal production in western Connecticut, USA T2 - Catena Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2020.104896 SN - 0341-8162 VL - 195 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - The soil moisture regime of charcoal-enriched land use legacy sites T2 - Geoderma Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114241 SN - 0016-7061 VL - 366 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Large‐scale mapping of anthropogenic relief features—legacies of past forest use in two historical charcoal production areas in Germany T2 - Geoarchaeology Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/gea.21782 SN - 1520-6548 SN - 0883-6353 VL - 35 IS - 4 SP - 545 EP - 561 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Drohan, Patrick J. A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - An initiative for a morphologic‐genetic catalog of relict charcoal hearths from Central Europe T2 - Geoarchaeology Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/gea.21799 SN - 1520-6548 SN - 0883-6353 VL - 35 IS - 6 SP - 974 EP - 983 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Ouimet, William T1 - Stratigraphy and shape of relict charcoal hearths in Connecticut, USA T2 - Anthropogenetische Geomorphologie - Geomorophologie im Anthropozän : Virtuelle Jahrestagung des Arbeitskreises für Geomorphologie 2020, 28./29. September 2020, BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg KW - Anthropogenetische Geomorphologie; Anthropozän; BTU; Geopedologie Anthropocene; Anthropogenic geomorphology; Geopedology Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.26127/BTUOpen-5363 SN - 2196-4122 SP - 29 CY - Cottbus ER - TY - GEN A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Schneider, Anna T1 - Fingerprints from past charcoal burning - lessons learned and future perspective studying Relict Charcoal Hearths (RCH) T2 - EGU General Assembly 2020, Online | 4–8 May 2020 Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-2949 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - The temperature and moisture regime of charcoal-enriched land use legacy soils T2 - EGU General Assembly 2020 Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-2339 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Relikte historischer Kohlenmeier ini der Oberpfalz - Verbreitung und Erhaltung in Abhängigkeit vom Naturraum T2 - Beiträge zur Archäologie in der Oberpfalz und in Regensburg Y1 - 2020 SN - 1617-4461 IS - 13 SP - 531 EP - 546 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Beiträge zur Landnutzungsgeschichte in der Niederlausitz und im Erzgebirge T1 - Contributions to land use history in Lower Lusatia and the Ore Mountains N2 - In diesem Band sind verschiedene Beiträge zur Landnutzungsgeschichte in der Niederlausitz und im Erzgebirge zusammengefasst. Die ersten vier Beiträge befassen sich mit historischen Ackerfluren und Wölbäckern in der Niederlausitz. Archäologische Untersuchungen, in Kontext gestellt mit archivalischen Quellen und historischen Karten, geben gemeinsam mit dem Einsatz naturwissenschaftlicher Methoden und Visualisierungen hochauflösender LiDAR-Daten neue Einblicke in die ehemalige Landnutzung. Der fünfte Beitrag aus dem Erzgebirge beschreibt die Nutzung von ehemaligen Meilerplätzen als Quellengattung der Montanarchäologie. KW - Anthropogenetische Geomorphologie KW - Geopedologie KW - Anthropozän KW - BTU Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-53887 SN - 2196-4122 PB - Brandenburg University of Technology CY - Cottbus ; Senftenberg ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Eltaher, Mahmoud A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Breuß, Michael A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Schneider, Anna T1 - A modified Mask region‐based convolutional neural network approach for the automated detection of archaeological sites on high‐resolution light detection and ranging‐derived digital elevation models in the North German Lowland T2 - Archaeological Prospection Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/arp.1806 SN - 1099-0763 VL - 28 IS - 2 SP - 177 EP - 186 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Accumulation patterns of soil organic matter in forests as a legacy of historical charcoal burning T2 - EGU General Assembly 2021 Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-5161 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Hot spots and hot zones of soil organic matter in forests as a legacy of historical charcoal production T2 - Forest Ecology and Management N2 - Human land use often leads to distinct modifications of soils within small, clearly delimited areas. Legacy effects of past land use are also abundant in recent forest areas, but are hardly considered in ecosystem assessment and soil mapping. The soils on relict charcoal hearths (RCHs) are a widespread example for such land use legacy soils in forests. Soils on RCHs differ clearly from surrounding forest soils in their stratigraphy and properties, and are most prominently characterized by a technogenic substrate layer with high contents of charcoal and thus soil organic matter (SOM). Although RCH soils can clearly contribute to the SOM stocks of forest soils, their relevance on the landscape scale has hardly been quantified. In this paper we analyze and discuss the distribution and effects of RCH soils across scales for forests in the state of Brandenburg, Germany, with a focus on SOM stocks. Our analysis is based on a large-scale mapping of RCHs from digital elevation models (DEMs), combined with a linear regression model of SOM stocks in RCH soils. The spatial distribution of RCH soils in the study region has a scale dependent heterogeneity. The large-scale variation in site densities is related to the concentration of charcoal production to specific forest areas while the small-scale variation is related to the irregular distribution of single RCHs within the charcoal production fields. Up to 1.5 % of the surface are covered by RCH soils in the forest areas within the study region. The results also show that RCHs can significantly contribute to the SOM stocks of forests, even where they cover only a small fraction of the soil surface, with up to 18 % additional SOM for forest areas. Because of the heterogeneous distribution of RCHs, the SOM stock additions depend on the scale of observation. Our results suggest that RCH SOM additions can be overestimated when sites in small areas (< 1 km²) are analyzed; and that characteristic spatial concentration patterns of RCHs are even observable when values are aggregated to large areas (25 km² and more). Aggregating effects to irregularly-sized forest administrative units resulted in maps that well represent the spatial distribution of RCH soils and SOM. The study highlights that considering land use legacy effects can be relevant for the results of soil mapping and inventories; and that prospecting and mapping land use legacies from DEMs can contribute to improving such approaches. KW - Anthropogenic soils KW - relict charcoal hearths KW - soil organic matter KW - pyrogenic carbon KW - GIS Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119846 SN - 1872-7042 VL - 504 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Aghte, Markus A1 - Pommerenke, Alf ED - Raab, Thomas T1 - Historische Köhlerei in Südbrandenburg - Begleitband zum Köhlerpfad Waldschule Kleinsee KW - Archäologie KW - Holzkohlemeiler KW - Lausitz KW - Tauerscher Forst KW - Umweltwissenschaften Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-54883 SN - 2196-4122 PB - Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus - Senftenberg, Fachgebiet Geopedologie und Landschaftsentwicklung CY - Cottbus ER - TY - GEN A1 - Uchino, Kazuki A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Wechler, Klaus-Peter A1 - Bauriegel, Albrecht T1 - Spatial heterogeneity of buried and recent soils in a drift sand area in North-Eastern Germany T2 - EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23–27 May 2022 N2 - In the North European Lowland, on the sandy deposits of the Weichselian glaciation, soils developed during periods of landscape stability are often conserved under windblown sand. However, small-scale changes of sediments and other soil forming factors can result in high spatial variation of soil properties in these landscapes; and relocation of soil material by geomorphic processes further increases the spatial heterogeneity of the soil landscape. These spatial variations in soil properties and conservation need to be considered in order to correctly decipher and interpret the buried soils as records of past environmental conditions. In the forefield of the open-cast mine Cottbus-Nord, archaeological excavations in a dune and drift sand area revealed widespread buried soils of different characteristics. The densely spaced excavation trenches give exceptionally good insights into the pedosphere, allow for reconstructing the distribution of fossil and recent soils in a high spatial resolution, and offer good opportunities to improve the understanding of spatial and temporal patterns of soil formation. Remains of postpleistocene hunter-gatherer campsites were documented in archaeological excavations and found to be associated with a buried soil horizon. We recorded the stratigraphy of soil profiles along more than 15 trenches within an area of about 20 ha, and additionally described the position of buried soils from GPR surveys and microdrone photogrammetry. In a recently opened, 455 m long trench, all characteristic soils and sediments of the study region could be observed and stratigraphically connected. Within this trench, four profiles were identified for further research. Each profile was classified and described according to WRB and German Guidelines for Soil Mapping; and was sampled and investigated through laboratory analyses including determination of organic matter, total carbon and nitrogen contents, soil colour identification, texture analysis, magnetic susceptibility measurement, metal content analysis using X-ray fluorescence analyzer and pH measurement. The compaction and cementation of soil horizons was assessed in situ with a pocket penetrometer. Results show a small-scale mosaic of soils developed on fluvio-aeolian, limnic and aeolian sediments, high spatial variations in pedogenesis due to varying groundwater influence and intensity of horizontal and vertical leachate transport, and high variations in the erosion or conservation of fossil soils. The soil and sediment stratigraphy reflects several phases of landscape development: i) the formation of a Late Pleistocene soil on fluvio-aeolian deposits, ii) a fossilization by aeolian sands, iii) a stability phase with intensive podsolization and peat formation, and iv) a land use-induced aeolian remobilization of the sands. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-2354 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Kim, Minhye A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Bauriegel, Albrecht T1 - Initial processes of soil formation on Relict Charcoal Hearths (RCHs) in the Tauer Forest (Brandenburg, Germany) T2 - EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23–27 May 2022 N2 - In the Tauer Forest, a woodland area north of the city of Peitz (Brandenburg, Germany), extensive charcoal burning was carried out from the mid-16th century to the mid-19th century resulting in numerous Relict Charcoal Hearths (RCHs). The most prominent feature of the soils on RCHs is the anthropogenically modified 20-30 cm thick RCH substrate that buries the former forest soil. The RCH substrate is a quite heterogenous mixture of mineral and organic compounds which were modified through heat during charring. It is characterized by its black color resulting from charcoal fragments (from fine dust to decimetre size pieces), lower bulk density, and higher porosity. After their use, the charcoal production sites were abandoned and soon became overgrown. Soil formation could commence in this anthropogenically modified RCH substrate. During recently conducted field work on RCHs in the Tauer Forest we detected features of initial podzolisation (bleaching of quartz grains) within this RCH substrate. To further investigate initial processes of soil formation (acidification, podzolisation, accumulation of soil organic matter) on RCHs, two different RCH sites were selected in the Tauer Forest: one RCH site in the forest district Tannenwald and one RCH site in the forest district Kleinsee. The Tannenwald site (RCH no. 29958) is situated in the western part of the Tauer Forest. It is an inland dune area with a coniferous forest (Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris L.) plantation. The forest soils are Podzols and the soils on the RCHs are classified as Spolic Technosols. The dense undergrowth consists of mainly blueberry (Vaccinium L.). Dendrochronological ages (determination by K-U Heußner, DAI Berlin) of charcoal pieces proof, that the charcoal hearth was used after 1655. The Kleinsee site (RCH no. 29424) is situated in the eastern part of the Tauer Forest. The parent material is sand from glaciofluvial sediments of the Weichselian glaciation. The forest soils are Brunic Arenosols (Protospodic) and the soils on the RCHs are classified as Spolic Technosols (Arenic). The deciduous forest is dominated by sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.). The undergrowth is only scarce with some ferns (sporadic), blueberry (Vaccinium L.), some shoots of rowan (Sorbus aucuparia L.) and some moss. There is no dendrochronological age available from the RCH, but RCHs nearby were dated from the 18th to the 19th centuries. At both sites, three soil monoliths were sampled on the RCH platform and three monoliths from the natural forest soil as reference soils. The soil monoliths were sampled continuously in 3 cm vertical spacings. Following lab analyses were carried out: pH (CaCl2), pH (H2O), total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), CECeff and total concentrations of selected elements. Analyses of pedogenic Fe are in progress. First results of these study will be presented and discussed. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-3563 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Al Jobayer, Md Adif A1 - Bloß, Katharina A1 - Porsch, Christopher A1 - Maaten, Ernst van der A1 - Maaten-Theunissen, Marieke van der A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Drought sensitivity of Pinus sylvestris L. on century old charcoal rich Technosols in the North-German Lowland T2 - EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23–27 May 2022 N2 - Soils on relict charcoal hearths (RCHs), i.e. aged charcoal rich Technosols, feature documented legacy effects regarding their physical and chemical soil properties. These forest soils result from the pre-/early-industrial production of charcoal in upright standing hearths. Today, RCHs are found in forested areas as circular microrelief structures with average diameters of about 10 meters that contain technogenic soil horizons of about 20 cm thickness. RCH soils are most distinctly characterized by their large content of pyrogenic soil organic matter and consequently increased total carbon contents. The resulting changes in the soils’ cation exchange capacity, soil acidity, total nitrogen contents and total element stocks are often significant. Furthermore, changes in soil physical properties like a lower bulk density and a higher porosity result in changed soil-water- and temperature regimes. Combined, these effects potentially result in unique soil microhabitats that are restricted to relatively small, clearly defined areas in many forest ecosystems. Recent studies on RCH soils increasingly focus on potential changes in microbiological and vegetational composition and abundances and report diverse effects. Here, we study the effects of century old charcoal rich Technosols on the drought sensitivity of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) on three RCH sites located in Lower Lusatia, Saxony (Germany). Through dendrochronologial analysis of increment cores and historical climate data, we study climate-growth relationships for trees on RCH soils and reference forest soils for two periods (AD 1963-1992 & AD 1990-2019). Furthermore, we determine pointer years and components of resilience to quantify the trees’ reaction to extreme weather conditions. This analysis was accompanied by soil sampling and analysis on the RCH sites and adjacent reference forest soils. Here, we present preliminary results and discuss them in the context of findings from other studies on RCH soils. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-7978 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Verschoof-van der Vaart, Wouter A1 - Malik, Ireneusz A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Chauhan, Jai Singh A1 - Thekkethala, Jeenus Joby T1 - Soils on mining relicts in Upper Silesia, Poland – first results from the Mala Panew River catchment and the UNESCO heritage site Tarnowskie Góry T2 - EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23–27 May 2022 N2 - The mining region of Upper Silesia has a long tradition with international significance. In 2017, the historic silver mine in Tarnowsky Gory was recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. With the mining of galena (PbS), the region developed into one of the most important industrial centers in Central Europe in the 16th century. In addition to the underground galleries, the historical mining has left thousands of mining shafts as small relief forms, which have not been systematically investigated so far. Partly the mining shafts are associated with Relict Charcoal Hearths (RCH), another small form which is a result of charcoal production. In the Mala Panew River valley, north of Tarnowsky Gory, several tens of thousands of these RCH are found, which could be mapped by LiDAR in recent years. More detailed pedological investigations, which would allow a systematic comparison with other known RCH sites, are missing so far. Within the framework of a Polish-German cooperation project, we started in 2021 to investigate the mining shafts and the RCH in Tarnowsky Gory and in the Mala Panew River valley from a pedological-sedimentological point of view. At the RCH sites on the Mala Panew River, we focused on the following questions: How was the soil stratigraphy changed by the RCH construction? What are main processes of soil development before and after RCH construction? What was the role of the pits surrounding the RCH? How do the sites differ from the RCHs at Tarnowsky Gory especially with respect to soil properties and soil genesis? In Tarnowsky Gory, where a RCH was excavated directly next to a mining shaft, the following questions were in focus: How did the mining activity change soil distribution and soil properties? What are main processes of soil development on the different parts? What is the origin of the pit infill? What is the origin of the shaft rim deposits? Our work program included the construction of excavator trenches across the mining remains, construction, description and sampling of soil profiles along the trenches, schematic drawing of the soil stratigraphy, and laboratory analyses for the determination of texture, Munsell color, pH (CaCl2, H20), CaCO3 content, Ctotal & Ntotal and total elements by FPXRF. We present the first results of the ongoing investigations. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-969 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Ramezany, Shaghayegh A1 - Ouimet, William T1 - Pyrogenic carbon in temperate forests - long-lasting impact of historical charcoal production on soils and ecosystems T2 - EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23–27 May 2022 N2 - Pre- and early industrial charcoal production has left a striking legacy effect on today’s soil landscapes in many forests of Central Europe and the North Eastern USA. Charcoaling in upright standing hearths (also called kilns) resulted in distinct circular micro relief structures, easily identifiable today in the field and on high resolution LiDAR-based digital elevation maps. Soils on these sites are characterized by one or multiple layers of decimetre thick charcoal rich substrate, which makes them Spolic Technosols according to the WRB soil classification. The focus of research on these sites increasingly deals with the difference of their soil physical and chemical properties in relation to unaffected forest soils and the potential implications for changes in vegetation and faunal growth. The controlling factor thereby is the soils large content of charcoal in various particle sizes, ranging from fine dust to large chunks. Studies have repeatedly shown the soils significant increase in total organic- and pyrogenic carbon content. The increase in total carbon stocks is thereby not only caused by pyrogenic carbon, but also by an apparently increased accumulation of non-pyrogenic organic matter. Here we present the latest findings regarding the carbon contents of centennially old charcoal rich technogenic substrates, sampled as part of multiple research projects in Brandenburg, Germany and the Litchfield hills in North-western Connecticut, USA. A focus will be the determination of highly aromatic carbon by the molecular marker Benzene-polycarboxylic acid (BPCA) and its prediction by FTIR-MIR chemometric methods. We discuss the results on forest soil carbon stocks on a site specific to a landscape and regional scale. Furthermore, the potential to use these sites to study the long term effects of charcoal admixture to soils by wildfires or biochar application will be discussed. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-8312 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Spatial and temporal variability of soil moisture in land-use legacy forest soils in Brandenburg, Germany T2 - EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23–27 May 2022 N2 - Soil physical properties can show high heterogeneity in forest soils, implying a high spatial variability of soil moisture and plant water availability. Legacy effects of past land use, resulting in a small-scale mosaic of anthropogenically modified and unmodified soils in forest areas, further increase this spatial heterogeneity. The soils associated with relict charcoal hearths (RCH), most prominently characterized by a technogenic layer rich in charcoal fragments, are a widespread example for such land use legacy soils in forest areas. The objective of our study was to characterize the soil moisture regime of forest soils and RCH soils on sandy substrates in the northeastern German lowlands; and in particular to assess the long-term effect of the prolonged summer drought period in 2018 on spatial and temporal variability of soil moisture. We monitored matric potentials, soil water contents and soil temperature from June 2018 in forest soils in the Tauersche Forst (Brandenburg, Germany). Three soil profiles (one reference forest soil profile and two characteristic RCH soil profiles) were instrumented, sampled for laboratory analyses of bulk density, pore size distribution, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and persistence of water repellency; and root density distribution in the profiles was recorded. The soils in all profiles show low porosity and plant available water contents. On RCH soils, overall porosity is clearly higher compared with the reference soils, mainly related to larger volumes of coarse and fine pores. Soil moisture monitoring shows very high spatial and temporal variability of the recorded data after the prolonged dry period in 2018, with gradual rewetting over the winter periods and only short-term fluctuations of soil moisture in reaction to high-intensity precipitation events in the summer periods. The comparison of in-situ and laboratory-based water retention data shows strong hysteresis effects during the rewetting, with increasingly clear reactions of soil water contents to precipitation events over the years following the dry period, especially in the charcoal-rich substrates. The differences in soil moisture between the dry and the wetter periods were clearly higher in the RCH soils, which, compared with the reference soils, showed higher water contents under wet conditions and lower water contents under dry conditions. The results affirm that land use legacies can clearly increase the spatial and temporal variations of soil moisture in forest areas. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-2182 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Alexandra ED - Stolz, Christian ED - Miller, Christopher E. T1 - Geoökologische Folgen historischer Landnutzung T2 - Geoarchäologie N2 - Seit dem Neolithikum wirkt sich die Nutzung der Landschaft auf unterschiedliche Weise auf Relief, Böden, Gewässer, Flora, Fauna und Klima aus. Insbesondere die Folgen land- und forstwirtschaftlicher Wirtschaftsweisen waren dafür ausschlaggebend. Grundsätzlich reagieren Ökosysteme auf anthropogene Eingriffe, wie die Umwandlung von Wald in andere Nutzungsformen, mit einer schrittweisen Degradation sowie reversiblen oder irreversiblen Veränderungen. Beispiele sind Bodenerosion und eine veränderte Artenzusammensetzung. Die Abschätzung des Ausmaßes im globalen Maßstab gestaltet sich generell schwierig. Für die Geoarchäologie bedeutsam sind daher hauptsächlich lokale Spuren früherer Bewirtschaftung und Formen im Kleinrelief, die sich im Gelände wiederfinden lassen und als Geoarchive fungieren. Denn sie geben Aufschluss über (prä-)historische Bewirtschaftungsformen. So zeugen Wölbäcker, Hochbeete, Plaggenesche und die Relikte der historischen Teichwirtschaft, Moorkultivierung und Köhlerei von früheren Formen der Land- und Forstwirtschaft. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62774-7_8 SP - 71 EP - 77 PB - Springer Spektrum CY - Berlin, Heidelberg ER - TY - GEN A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Birkhofer, Klaus A1 - Drohan, Patrick J. A1 - Wilmking, Martin A1 - Kreyling, Jürgen A1 - Malik, Ireneusz A1 - Wistuba, Małgorzata A1 - Maaten, Ernst van der A1 - Maaten-Theunissen, Marieke van der A1 - Urich, Tim T1 - Do small landforms have large effects? A review on the legacies of pre-industrial charcoal burning T2 - Geomorphology N2 - Relict charcoal hearths (RCHs) are small, anthropogenic landforms resulting from past charcoal burning and reaching significant land coverage in pre-industrial mining areas. We review three coupled legacies linked by RCH development: (i) a landscape-scale geomorphic effect, (ii) a unique soil fingerprint, and (iii) an evolving novel ecosystem. The history and technique of charcoal production are described to clarify legacy effects. Applying a recently presented morpho-genetic catalogue is useful for classified mapping of RCH findings. The RCH numbers and calculated RCH densities per study region vary greatly and impose uncertainties due to insufficient methods causing over- or underestimations. Areas with high RCH densities between 50 and 500 RCH/km2 seem reasonable. Machine learning-based remote sensing techniques are promising approaches with which to better assess the full scale of charcoal burning legacies. RCH soil properties feature dark charcoal-rich technogenic substrate layers classified as Auh horizons according to the World Reference Base with significantly increased C contents. These Auh horizons can also exhibit specific physical and chemical properties, such as relatively low bulk density, high porosity, high plant available water content, low thermal conductivity and differences in cation exchange capacity or nutrient status. However, relevant studies are rare, and thus, the effects may differ by study region. Regarding vegetation, there seem to be four main effects: changes in forest structure, species composition, recruitment pattern and productivity. The number of studies on this issue is, however, also very limited. Even fewer studies have examined the soil fauna in RCHs; thus, the reported effects cannot be used to draw general conclusions. Notably, RCH research has made considerable progress in the last five years, especially in the Light Detection and Ranging-based mapping of these small landforms and identification of RCH-specific soil properties, but ecological legacies are not well understood; thus, more interdisciplinary and integrative studies are needed. KW - Soil KW - Ecosystem KW - Forestry KW - Land Use KW - Anthropocene KW - Relict Charcoal Hearth (RCH) KW - Charcoal Kiln Remain (CKR) Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108332 SN - 0169-555X VL - 413 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Schneider, Marcus A1 - Bauriegel, Albrecht T1 - Quaternary and geoarcheology in Lower Lusatia T2 - DEUQUA Special Publications N2 - Open-cast lignite mines in Lower Lusatia provide unique insights into human-induced environmental changes in the Northern European Lowland and improve our understanding of Quaternary landscape dynamics. The excursion will focus on soils and sediments of Late Pleistocene and Holocene age that have been modified by land use since the Slavic Middle Ages. In the vicinity of the open-cast mine Jänschwalde and in the Tauer forest north of Cottbus characteristic remains of historical charcoal production, a ridge-and-furrow system and late Quaternary rubification in soils are presented. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://deuquasp.copernicus.org/articles/4/59/2022/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/deuquasp-4-59-2022 SN - 2625-8137 VL - 4 SP - 59 EP - 71 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Schneider, Marcus A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Bonhage, Alexander ED - Schopper, Franz T1 - Landschaftsgeschichtliche Untersuchungen am Eilenzfließ bei Taubendorf T2 - Ausgrabungen im Niederlausitzer Braunkohlenrevier : 2015/2016 Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-910011-87-8 SP - 199 EP - 204 PB - Brandenburgisches Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologisches Landesmuseum CY - Wünsdorf ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Sekhri, Simran A1 - Bonhage, Alexander T1 - Spatial distribution patterns and soil properties of former field systems in Northeastern Bavaria, Germany T2 - Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, Einladung und Programm Halle (Saale), 2.–8. September 2023 N2 - Former field systems (FFS) in sloped forest areas are often discernible by a characteristic morphology with flattened slope areas and intermediary ridges formed by tillage erosion and colluvial redeposition. Soils of such lynchet field systems feature modified stratigraphy and properties and constitute a memory of past land use. At the same time, the legacies of past agriculture affect recent forest ecosystems. High-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) allow to identify lynchets over large areas and open up new opportunities to study the FFS. Within our research on different land use legacy features in forest areas, we study FFS in Northeastern Bavaria (Germany) in a geopedological approach, combining large-scale mapping and spatial analysis with the description and analysis of soil properties for specific sites. Lynchet systems (and other remnants of pre-industrial FFS) in recent forests were mapped from LIDAR DEMs for an area of 2045 km2 (972 km2 forest area). The results show more than 100 km2 of FFS, mostly appearing as lynchet systems. Their spatial distribution patterns differ within the study area, mainly depending on parent material and landform. Soil stratigraphy and properties were studied for FFS and reference positions in six study sites, combining a characterization of principal soil profiles and an assessment of spatial soil property variations. The FFS soils are characterized by truncated profiles over most parts of the flattened slope areas and accumulation of colluvium upslope of lynchet risers. The depth of soil profile truncation and height of lynchet risers differ, mainly related to slope and erodibility of the initial soils. Stratigraphy of the lynchet soils indicates a gradually proceeding formation by tillage erosion. First results of soil property analyses show that carbon and nitrogen contents differ between FFS and reference soils and are more homogeneous within the FFS. Furthermore, physical properties of the FFS soils (bulk density, pore size distribution, hydraulic conductivity) are modified compared to unaffected forest soils through profile truncation and accumulation of colluvium. Overall, the results show that the legacy effects of past agriculture affect large fractions of recent forest areas, and can be of different quality depending on lithology of the soils’ parent material and land use history. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/378078365_Spatial_distribution_patterns_and_soil_properties_of_former_field_systems_in_Northeastern_Bavaria_Germany SP - 88 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Drohan, Patrick J. A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Bonhage, Alexander T1 - A novel view in geopedology : how small landforms from past land use affect the pedosphere T2 - Centennial Celebration and Congress of the International Union of Soil Sciences N2 - LiDAR-based high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) can now provide a centimetre-accurate image of the Earth's surface. Soil science is still in the early stages of realising how fundamentally this new technology will change our understanding of the formation, properties and functions of the pedosphere and in particular the uppermost part of it, which usually represents A horizons. With the help of high-resolution DEMs, it is possible to identify and classify small topographic features that were previously not considered in soil mapping. Therefore, precise landform analyses will be crucial in assessing variations in soil horizonation and soil stratigraphy and will provide the framework for a new perspective in Geopedology that truly integrates Geomorphology and Pedology from pedon to soil landscapes. In the digital domain, this geopedological approach is growing rapidly by using artificial intelligence (AI) to automatically identify small landforms and visualise the heterogeneity of diverse pedological information. We present the results of the study of different types of relict anthropogenic landforms (RALs) and highlight their characteristics and differences compared to natural, undisturbed soils. The origins of these relict features can vary greatly, as can their distribution, morphology and age. The analysis of high-resolution relief models in Europe and the USA shows that morphological features can be found, particularly in forest that were created in pre-industrial times. Settlement structures (e.g. stone walls, burial sites) or linear relief forms created by soil cultivation (e.g. field terraces, furrow systems) are common. Relict Charcoal Hearths (RCHs), which originate from historic charcoal burning, are usually small circular platforms surrounded by pits or ditches, but can still cover a considerable part of the area. A relatively complex geomorphology can be observed in historic mining areas, which may include different landform types such as mine shafts and spoil heaps, resulting in a very heterogeneous pedological mosaic. To summarise, all studies reveal a high variation of soil properties controlled by small relief structures. Pedology should take this more into account in the future and improve knowledge of the impact of RALs on the pedosphere and other components of ecosystems. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/380912417_A_NOVEL_VIEW_IN_GEOPEDOLOGY_HOW_SMALL_LANDFORMS_FROM_PAST_LAND_USE_AFFECT_THE_PEDOSPHERE PB - Florenz ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Bonhage, Alexander T1 - Legacies of past land use : mapping anthropogenic landforms in forest areas of eastern Bavaria, Germany T2 - Geoarchaeology N2 - Reconstructing (pre‐)historic land use distribution is essential for understanding past human societies and their impacts on the environment. Various land use forms result in distinct alterations of surface morphology, which are often well preserved but rarely described within forest areas. The interpretation of LiDAR Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) can greatly enhance our insight into the geoarchaeological records of woodlands. This study examines the legacies of past land use in forested areas of Upper Palatinate, Germany, utilizing LiDAR DEMs to map anthropogenic relief features. We comprehensively mapped land use legacy landforms (LULLs) that occur with considerable frequency in the study area, that is, former agricultural field systems, road remnants, abandoned ponds, relict charcoal hearths, mining legacies, and indicators of anthropogenically induced soil erosion. Results reveal that 17% of the forested area is affected by LULLs, with the largest areas covered by former field systems, roads, and ponds. Characteristic LULL associations reflect past agricultural and charcoal production landscapes. While erosion indicators often coincide with field systems and roads, natural factors mainly influence their distribution. Comparison with historical maps suggests pre‐19th‐century abandonment of most LULLs and good preservation of anthropogenic relief modifications. Our results underscore the enduring impact of past land use on present woodland ecosystems and emphasize the importance of considering forest areas in the analysis of past human–landscape interactions. Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/gea.22032 SN - 0883-6353 VL - 40 (2025) IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 18 PB - Wiley ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Bonhage, Alexander T1 - Anthropogene Kleinreliefformen als Relikte früherer Landnutzung – Großflächige Kartierung aus digitalen Geländemodellen T2 - Pangeo / DEUQUA 2024 Abstracts N2 - Die direkten Auswirkungen menschlicher Landnutzung auf Böden und Sedimente betreffen häufig nur wenige Dezimeter Tiefe unter der Erdoberfläche, erstrecken sich horizontal aber sehr weiträumig. Indirekte anthropogene Einflüsse auf geomorphologische und hydrologische Prozesse als ein Merkmal des Anthropozäns ergeben sich als kumulative Auswirkungen solcher wenig intensiven, aber großflächigen Eingriffe. Viele Landnutzungsformen hinterlassen charakteristische anthropogene Reliefveränderungen und Kleinreliefformen, die in hochauflösenden digitalen Geländemodellen (DEMs) abgebildet sind. Die Auswertung von DEMs ermöglicht es damit, anthropogene Kleinreliefformen über große Areale zu erkennen und so (prä-)historische Landnutzung zu lokalisieren und hinsichtlich ihrer flächenhaften Verbreitung und Verteilungsmuster zu beschreiben. Während sich die technischen Möglichkeiten zur DEM-Auswertung v.a. durch KI-gestützte Methoden rapide weiterentwickeln, bleiben vielfach Unsicherheiten hinsichtlich der zeitlichen Klassifizierung und Repräsentativität der erfassten Formen. Wir präsentieren Ergebnisse aus mehreren Fallstudien, in denen anthropogene Kleinreliefformen aus DEMs großflächig kartiert und ergänzt durch bodenkundliche und sedimentologische Untersuchung morphogenetisch interpretiert wurden. Diese Studien konzentrieren sich auf Relikte der Holzkohleproduktion, des Bergbaus und der landwirtschaftlichen Nutzung in Untersuchungsgebieten in Brandenburg, Nordbayern, Schlesien, Nordwestirland und dem Nordosten der USA. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen durchwegs eine große Verbreitung anthropogener Kleinreliefformen in rezenten Waldgebieten und damit einen erheblichen Einfluss früherer Landnutzung auf aktuelle Bodenlandschaften. Während Relikte der historischen Holzkohleproduktion nur vereinzelt mit Bodenerosion in Verbindung stehen, zeigt sich für Kleinreliefformen aus Bergbau und Ackerbau häufiger ein Zusammenhang mit anthropogen beeinflusster Morphodynamik. Die Fallstudien zeigen auch Effekte der Überprägung und eine Tendenz zur Abbildung überwiegend jüngerer Landnutzungsrelikte in DEMs und unterstreichen damit, dass für ein Verständnis von Mensch-Umwelt Interaktionen die DEM-gestützte Rekonstruktion der vergangenen Landnutzung mit Auswertung weiterer Geoarchive kombiniert werden muss. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.pangeo.at/images/Pangeo_Deuqua2024/2024_PangeoDeuqua_Abstracts.pdf SP - 159 EP - 159 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Sekhri, Simran A1 - Bonhage, Alexander T1 - Spatial distribution patterns and soil properties of lynchet systems in Northeastern Bavaria, Germany T2 - EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 24–28 Apr 2023 N2 - Former field systems (FFS) in recent forest areas of Central and Northern Europe are often discernible by their characteristic morphology with slightly flattened slope areas and intermediary ridges formed by tillage and water erosion. Soils of such lynchet systems feature distinctly modified stratigraphy and properties and thereby constitute a memory of past land use. At the same time, the legacies of past agriculture affect recent forest ecosystems. High-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) allow to identify lynchets over large areas and open up new opportunities to study the spatial distribution patterns and soils of FFS. Within our research on different land use legacy features in forest areas, we study FFS in Northeastern Bavaria (Germany) in a geopedological approach, combining large-scale mapping and spatial analysis with the description and analysis of soil properties for specific sites. Lynchet areas (and other remnants of pre-industrial FFS) in recent forests were mapped from LIDAR DEMs for an area of 2045 km2 (972 km2 forest area). The mapping results show more than 100 km2 of abandoned field systems within the study area, mostly appearing as lynchet systems. Their spatial distribution patterns differ within the study area, mainly depending on parent material and landform. In the limestone region of the Franconian Jura, FFS occur spatially dispersed, often as considerably small, irregularly shaped parcels, presumably reflecting proceeding abandonment of less productive and accessible fields with intensification of agriculture. In contrast, FFS in the Bohemian Massif in the eastern part of our study area were often found in compounds of many regularly shaped parcels, frequently associated with deserted settlement areas. Soil stratigraphy and properties were studied for FFS and reference positions (forest areas with no indications of former agricultural use) in six study sites, combining detailed characterization of principal soil profiles and an assessment of spatial variations of soil properties in a near-surface sampling approach. First results show that FFS soils are characterized by truncated profiles over most parts of the treads and accumulation of colluvium confined to relatively small areas upslope of lynchet risers. The depth of soil profile truncation and height of lynchet risers differ, mainly related to slope and erodibility of the initial soils. Stratigraphy of the lynchet soils indicates a gradually proceeding formation. Carbon and nitrogen contents were found to differ between FFS and reference soils and to be more homogeneous within the FFS. Carbon contents were mainly lower in the FFS, while both lower and higher nitrogen contents were observed for FFS soils, presumably related to different duration and intensity of agricultural use. Overall, the results show that the legacy effects of past agriculture affect large fractions of recent forest areas, and can be of different quality depending on lithology of the soils’ parent material and land use history. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-6090 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Maaten-Theunissen, Marieke van der A1 - Maaten, Ernst van der A1 - Räbiger, Christin A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Soil properties and tree growth at medieval ridge and furrow sites in Brandenburg, northeastern Germany T2 - Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science N2 - Background Ridge and furrow (RIFU) systems and associated soils are a widespread legacy of medieval agriculture, are archives of historical land use, and might affect recent ecosystems. Open questions about RIFU formation and potential legacy effects still exist, especially related to physical soil properties. Aims Our aims were (1) to characterize the soil properties of RIFU soils and (2) to compare the drought sensitivity and the growth resistance in extremely dry years of trees growing on ridges and furrows, respectively. Methods We studied soil physical (bulk density, saturated soil hydraulic conductivity, and texture) and chemical (soil pH, soil organic matter, and nitrogen content) properties and the climate sensitivity of tree growth on RIFU systems for three study sites in Prignitz, Germany. Results RIFU systems showed a high spatial heterogeneity of soil stratigraphy due to ridge construction and increased accumulation of soil moisture and organic matter in furrows due to post-abandonment pedogenesis. Slight spatial differences in soil physical properties were found, with increased air capacity in ridge soils and higher available water contents in furrow soils. No differences in drought sensitivity were observed for trees growing on ridges and furrows, except for a wet site, where trees in furrows showed a higher sensitivity. Resistance in dry years tended to be similar or increase from furrows to ridges. Conclusions The results reflect a spatial differentiation of stratigraphy and post-abandonment pedogenesis on abandoned RIFU systems and suggest an adaption to different moisture conditions through RIFU construction. Differences in drought sensitivity of tree growth with relative land surface could only be detected for one of the three sites, where trees were found to be less drought sensitive on ridges. KW - anthropogenically modified soils KW - climate sensitivity KW - dendroecology KW - historic agriculture KW - land‐use legacies Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.202200345 SN - 1436-8730 SN - 1522-2624 VL - 186 IS - 4 SP - 417 EP - 427 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Ouimet, William A1 - Völkel, Jörg A1 - Ramezany, Shaghayegh T1 - From site to state – Quantifying multi-scale legacy effects of historic landforms from charcoal production on soils in Connecticut, USA T2 - Catena Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2023.107426 SN - 0341-8162 VL - 232 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Malik, Ireneusz A1 - Bohr, Marcin A1 - Wistuba, Małgorzata A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Verschoof-van der Vaart, Wouter A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Woskowicz-Ślęzak, Beata T1 - Multi-Period Ore Exploitation in Upper Silesia, Central Europe T2 - Journal of Field Archaeology Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/00934690.2023.2200583 SN - 0093-4690 VL - 48 IS - 5 SP - 366 EP - 379 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Verschoof-van der Vaart, Wouter A1 - Malik, Ireneusz A1 - Chauhan, Jai Singh A1 - Thekkethala, Jeenus Joby T1 - Soil distribution and properties on mining relicts in Upper Silesia, Poland – first results from the Mala Panew River catchment and the UNESCO heritage site Tarnowskie Góry T2 - Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, Einladung und Programm Halle (Saale), 2.-8. September 2023 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://conference.ufz.de/frontend/index.php?page_id=3985&v=List&do=15&day=all&ses=1231# ER - TY - GEN A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Schneider, Anna T1 - Relict Charcoal Hearth (RCH) soils - properties and classification T2 - Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, Einladung und Programm Halle (Saale), 2.–8. September 2023 Y1 - 2023 SP - 88 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Drohan, Patrick J. A1 - Wistuba, Małgorzata A1 - Malik, Ireneusz A1 - Verschoof-van der Vaart, Wouter T1 - Small anthropogenic landforms from past land use – what have we (already) learned and what do we (still) want to know T2 - DGGM Meeting 2023 Conference proceedings 04.–06.10.2023, RWTH Aachen Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.pgg.rwth-aachen.de/global/show_document.asp?id=aaaaaaaaccmrbmr SP - S. 61 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Verschoof-van der Vaart, Wouter A1 - Bauriegel, Albrecht T1 - Geomorphology of the Schwarze Elster Valley (Southwest Brandenburg, Germany) at the Bronze Age barrow cemetery Schweinert – Findings from the 2023 research campaign T2 - DGGM Meeting 2023 Conference proceedings 04.–06.10.2023, RWTH Aachen Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.pgg.rwth-aachen.de/global/show_document.asp?id=aaaaaaaaccmrbmr SP - S. 60 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Drohan, Patrick A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Alexandra T1 - An initial geopedological survey and description of historic raised beds in north-western Ireland T2 - Geomorphology N2 - Raised Bed (RB) field structures in northwestern Ireland are historical relics of widespread agriculture before and during the Great Famine in the mid-19th century. Their primary purpose was to improve drainage on shallow, waterlogged soils for cultivation of crops. Today, the undulating surface morphology created by the ridges and furrows remains visible in many locations, raising questions about how many of these historic fields actually still exist, whether they are mappable, and if their soils have undergone persistent anthropogenic changes. In this study, we analyse three different RB sites located in varying topographical positions and on different parent materials. High-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) are created using UAV-based photogrammetry to analyse the surface morphology and model surface flow accumulation and wetness. Soils are analysed using trenches and surface samples taken from ridges and furrows. Our results indicate that satellite or aerial imagery alone is insufficient for reliably detecting RB sites, as the height difference between ridges and furrows is too subtle. Ridge spacing and furrow depth are best observed using high-resolution DEMs (<50 cm cell size). The modelled surface hydrology suggests that the drainage function of RB sites remains, with furrows retaining more moisture than ridges. This can have significant implications for microhabitat structures within RB fields, potentially influencing faunal species composition and abundance. Furthermore, we find significant differences in specific elemental concentrations between soils on ridges and soils on furrows, as well as differences in grain size distributions. These findings indicate a wide range of potential legacy effects present in RB fields that merit further investigation. KW - Soil Science KW - Geomorphology KW - Landscape History KW - Ridge and Furrow KW - Lazy Beds Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109778 SN - 1872-695X VL - 481 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Malik, Ireneusz A1 - Wistuba, Malgorzata A1 - Verschoof-van der Vaart, Wouter T1 - Land use legacy landforms at the UNESCO Heritage Site Tarnowskie Góry, Upper Silesia, Poland : stratigraphy, soils and age T2 - Geoarchaeology N2 - Metallurgy in Upper Silesia (Poland) has a long tradition of international significance, which was emphasized in 2017 when the historic silver mine in Tarnowskie Góry was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. The area consists of various anthropogenic landforms, the stratigraphy of which has hardly been studied so far. In this study, we describe five main morphological units: Unit I (RCH) and Unit II (RCH pit), resulting from charcoal production; Unit III (shaft) and Unit IV (shaft heap), resulting from mining; and Unit V (reference forest soil). The first four units are a variation of a Technosol with inherently different properties from the reference forest soil. Unit I exhibits typical properties of a relict charcoal hearth (RCH), whereas Unit II resembles a pit. Unit III consists of a mostly infilled mining shaft remain (MSR), characterized by relocated subsoil. Unit IV consists of material from the adjacent Unit III that has been dumped directly aside. The studied RCH was used no earlier than during the second half of the 17th century, probably between 1725 and 1813. The studied MSR was used most likely between the 3rd and 5th centuries, which is much older than described so far. Together, the units reflect the characteristic heterogeneity of soils in shaft mining and RCH areas. KW - Geoarchaeology KW - Mining Landscape KW - Landscape History Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/gea.22028 SN - 1520-6548 VL - 40 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Wiley ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Takla, Melanie A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Rösler, Horst T1 - Towards an inventory of historic charcoal production fields in Brandenburg, Germany T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015 KW - historic charcoal production Y1 - 2015 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2015/EGU2015-3949.pdf N1 - EGU2015-3949 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Rösler, Horst A1 - Heußner, Karl-Uwe A1 - Hirsch, Florian T1 - Spatial distribution of relict charcoal hearths in the former royal forest district Tauer (SE Brandenburg, Germany) T2 - Quaternary International N2 - Historical charcoal production has long been an unconsidered type of forest utilization in lowland areas. The archaeological discovery of a large charcoal burning area in the forefield of the active opencast lignite mine J€anschwalde in SE Brandenburg (North German Lowlands) has highlighted the need for multidisciplinary research in the study of the dimensions of historical charcoal burning. The charcoal produced in our study area, the former royal forest district Tauer, provided energy for the nearby Peitz ironworks during its operation from the mid-16th to the mid-19th century. Here, we aimed to record the amount, size and distribution of relict charcoal hearths (RCHs) to examine their context with respect to the ironworks and to better understand the potential impacts on late Quaternary landscape change. The applied methods combined archaeological research with shaded-relief mapping of RCHs. To evaluate the detection success of RCHs in the shaded-relief maps (SRMs), we compared the results with the results from specific archaeological surveys and conventional forest site mapping. Furthermore, we analyzed our dataset with descriptive, comparable and spatial statistics. Additionally, dendrochronological dating of charcoal fragments from selected RCHs was used to investigate the temporal relationships among the RCHs. Approximately 6000 circular RCHs were manually digitally identified in the SRMs of the 109-km2 evaluable area. However, ground truthing showed that the shaded-relief maps could not completely capture all RCHs in our study area due to local conditions. At the regional scale, two focus areas with high RCH site densities were found. Statistical analysis revealed that the diameters of the RCHs range widely from 4 to 30.5 m. Spatial statistics were applied to the RCH diameters to aggregate areas with larger or smaller RCHs. At the small scale, no systematic arrangement of RCHs was obvious in the SRMs. Dendrochronological dating of selected RCHs lying close together could not detect significant spatiotemporal relationships or patterns. The dating results also showed that some areas have been preferentially used for charcoal production for over 300 years. Due to the homogeneity of the physiogeographical location factors, we assume that these factors are not superficially responsible for site selection. Instead, economic location factors and contemporary regulations are more likely responsible for the distribution of RCHs. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2017.07.022 SN - 1040-6182 VL - Vol. 511 SP - 153 EP - 165 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Takla, Melanie A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - A Template-matching Approach Combining Morphometric Variables for Automated Mapping of Charcoal Kiln Sites T2 - Archaeological Prospection N2 - Analysing the spatial distribution of anthropogenic relief structures can contribute to the understanding of past landuse systems. With automated mapping routines, small relief forms can be detected efficiently from high-resolution digital terrain models (DTMs). In this study, we describe an approach for the automated mapping of charcoal kiln sites from an airborne laser-scanning DTM. The study site is located north of Cottbus, Germany, where an exceptionally large historic charcoal production field has been documented in previous archaeological surveys. The goal of this study was to implement, evaluate and improve an automated GIS-based routine for mapping these features based on the template-matching principle. In addition to the DTM, different morphometric variables were evaluated for their suitability to detect kiln sites. The mapping results were validated against a comprehensive database of kiln sites recorded from archaeological excavations and via manual digitization. The effects of irregular kiln-site geometry and DTM noise were evaluated using synthetic DTMs. The results of the synthetic DTM mapping show that the template-matching results differed depending on the morphometric variable used for the mapping process. In accordance with this observation, a validation of the mapping procedure for the field site suggests that feature mapping can be improved. In particular, the number of false detections can be reduced using a combination of morphometric variables. For the validation area, the kiln sites with diameters of at least 10m were mapped using the automated routine, with detection rates that were close to those of manual digitization. Therefore, the described method can considerably facilitate the mapping and distribution analysis of kiln sites or similar small relief forms that are prominent in a specific landscape. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/arp.1497 SN - 1099-0763 VL - 22 IS - 1 SP - 45 EP - 62 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Wechler, Klaus-Peter A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Reconstruction of a Paleosurface and Archaeological Site Location in an Anthropogenic Drift Sand Area T2 - Archaeological Prospection N2 - Knowledge of the position of archaeological remains in the surface relief provides important basic information for archaeological survey design and interpretation. Geomorphological processes in (pre)history may have resulted in a modification of the local relief around archaeological sites, especially in areas that are prone to sediment erosion and relocation, such as sheet sand and dune landscapes. In this study, we reconstructed and analysed the palaeorelief of an archaeological excavation site in an inland dune area in southern Brandenburg, Germany. The remains of two Mesolithic sites were documented in the archaeological excavations and found to be associated with a buried soil horizon. To gather information on the relief of the buried soil surface, we used a combination of sedimentological and pedological profile descriptions along archaeological survey trenches and geophysical prospection with ground penetrating radar supplemented with microdrone photography and photogrammetry, global positioning system (GPS) surveys, and analysis of LiDAR-based elevation models. A digital elevation model of the buried surface was generated and analysed using a geographical information system (GIS). A comparison of the palaeosurface model with the recent surface elevation model shows that sand remobilization resulted in a considerable reshaping of the relief. Further, an analysis of the buried surface model shows that the relief position of the two archaeological sites in the study area was considerably more prominent in relation to the corresponding buried soil surface than in relation to the recent surface morphology. The results affirm the significance of Holocene sediment relocation for the local surface morphology and the importance of considering such relief modifications in archaeological surveys. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/arp.1571 SN - 1099-0763 VL - 24 IS - 4 SP - 297 EP - 310 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Ouimet, William A1 - Johnson, Katharine M. A1 - Dethier, David A1 - Raab, Alexandra T1 - Architecture of relict charcoal hearths in northwestern Connecticut, USA T2 - Geoarchaeology N2 - Relict charcoal hearths are round or elliptical earthen platforms up to 11 m in diameter and a widespread feature of historical industry that supplied charcoal used in the production of iron in furnaces or smelters. The iron industry dominated Litchfield County, Connecticut, and surrounding areas in the northeastUnited States throughout the 19th century, peaking in ∼1850. The large number of charcoal hearths in this region is a relic of >150 years of widespread iron production. In this study, we describe the architecture and soil stratigraphy of 26 charcoal hearths in Litchfield County. This contribution aims to (1) compare soils that comprise the charcoal hearths with “natural” adjacent soils, (2) measure the thickness of topsoil developed upon the hearths, and (3) characterize the stratigraphy associated with these features. Results indicate that the black topsoils overlying the charcoal hearths contain residual charcoal and are on average 2.6 times thicker than adjacentCambisols. Charcoal hearths display two ormore black, charcoal-rich strata separated by layers of reddish-brown soil low in charcoal content indicating multiple episodes of use.We also find that many charcoal hearths have been stabilized with boulders on the downslope side during construction and repeated use.Overall, the results presented here provide significant information regarding the construction, use, and associated impacts of earthen platforms for charcoal production in the northeastUnited States, with further relevance to other areas where historical charcoal production occurred. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/gea.21614 SN - 1520-6548 VL - 32 IS - 4 SP - 502 EP - 510 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Takla, Melanie A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Rösler, Horst A1 - Bauriegel, Albrecht T1 - Opencast mines in South Brandenburg (Germany) - archives of Late Quaternary landscape development and human-induced land use changes T2 - Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences N2 - This study outlines the opportunities for geoarchaeological research in active opencast lignite mines in southern Brandenburg (Germany). Studies on extensive outcrops that address both archaeology and soil geomorphology, combined with a geographical information system (GIS) approach, provide unique insights into human-induced environmental changes in Lower Lusatia and generally improve our understanding of landscape dynamics. We present the most recent results from three case studies and review important findings from the last several years. Studies conducted in opencast mines of Cottbus-Nord and Jänschwalde focus on (i) Late Quaternary geomorphodynamics and soil development and (ii) past land use and the legacy of agriculture and woodland use. Our results are similar to those in other regions in Central Europe, but we also observe regional differences caused by the local setting, e.g. intensification of soil erosion coinciding with the expansion of farming of cultivated lands in the Slavic Middle Ages. Our research reveals the largest archaeologically investigated area of historical charcoal production in the Northern European Lowland (NEL). We are clearly only beginning to understand the massive dimensions of charcoal production in the region. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-015-0227-6 SN - 1866-9565 VL - 8 IS - 3 SP - 453 EP - 466 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Spatial and temporal variability of soil physical properties on legacies of historic charcoal production T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2018, Vienna, Austria N2 - The spatial variability of soil physical properties on the landscape scale is often increased by anthropogenic land occupation, not only by current land use but also through the legacies of past land use systems. The remains of historic charcoal hearts are an example for such a disturbance of the soil landscape by former forestry. Such relict charcoal hearths (RCH) exhibit a clearly altered soil stratigraphy, most prominently characterized by a technogenic substrate layer on the soil surface, and their soil physical properties can considerably differ from those of surrounding forest soils. The aim of our study is to characterize the soil water and temperature regime on RHC in a pre-industrial charcoal production area in Brandenburg, Germany, as compared with the surrounding sandy forest soils. Soil properties were analyzed in profiles on and around hearth sites and are monitored in a sensor transect equipped with soil moisture sensors and pF-meters. Results of soil sample analyses show differences in density and porosity between the RCH soils and surrounding forest soils, not only in the technogenic layer but also in the buried soil layers on hearth sites. The soil water characteristic curves determined in the laboratory indicate a modified pore size distribution and lower plant available water contents in the RCH soils. Preliminary results of the ongoing soil water monitoring, however, show increased soil wetness in the RCH soils, along with lower soil moisture tensions. Furthermore, the measurements show higher variations of soil temperature in RCH soils. The results affirm that the legacies of historic charcoal production can increase the spatial variability of soil physical properties and therefore also of ecological site conditions in forest areas. The results of soil moisture monitoring suggest that a determination of soil physical parameters in the laboratory is not sufficient to characterize the spatio-temporal variations of the soil water regime. Y1 - 2018 UR - https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2018/EGU2018-10115.pdf N1 - EGU2018-10115 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Takla, Melanie A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra ED - Schopper, Franz T1 - Mit dem GIS zur Landschaftsgeschichte. Datengrundlage und Forschungsansatz zum Modell der frühindustriellen Holzkohleproduktion in der Jänschwalder Heide T2 - Ausgrabungen im Niederlausitzer Braunkohlenrevier 2009/2010 Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-3-910011-73-1 SP - 267 EP - 273 PB - Brandenburgisches Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologisches Landesmuseum CY - Wünsdorf ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rösler, Horst A1 - Bönisch, Eberhard A1 - Schopper, Franz A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra ED - Kluiving, Sjoerd ED - Guttmann-Bond, Erika T1 - Pre-industrial Carcoal Production in southern Brandenburg and its impact on the environment T2 - Landscape Archaeology between Art and Science Y1 - 2012 SN - 978-90-8964-418-3 SP - 167 EP - 178 PB - Amsterdam University Press CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Takla, Melanie A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Müller, Frank A1 - Heußner, Karl-Uwe A1 - Rösler, Horst T1 - Reconstructing anthropogenic landscape transformation in the surroundings of the ironwork Peitz (SE Brandenburg, Germany) - 16th to mid-19th centuries T2 - 4th International Landscape Archaeology Conference, Uppsala, 22nd - 25th August 2016 N2 - Various sources provide information about land use history and landscape transformation. For a variety of reasons, the quality of information differs and is often discontinuous or incomplete. In this interdisciplinary study we take advantage of comprehensive archaeological data gathered by large-scale excavations that were necessary because of opencast lignite mining in Lusatia, Brandenburg, Germany. By using a GIS we integrate these archaeological findings with results from archival and literature studies, from historical maps, from landforms and soils as well as from analyses of shaded-relief maps derived from up-to-date LiDAR data. The long-term aim is to develop a palaeoenvironmental model and thus to reconstruct landscape changes caused by human activities. The focus of the study is the Peitz ironwork in SE Brandenburg, which was a large consumer of commodities for about 300 years. During the time it operated, extensive transformations are supposed to have affected the landscape in the vicinity because of wood consumption and especially charcoal production. Digital datasets about forested areas for different timespans reconstructed from historical maps were made available. In combination with dendrochronological dating of charred trees, the spatiotemporal dimension of charcoal kilns was determined. Also, sites of former bog iron ore mining could be identified. Moreover, the different sources contain further information about other forms of land uses such as agriculture, pastoralism and even viticulture. In conclusion we can highlight that the mosaic of past land use systems is different from the modern structure but that major changes in the forests have been retained. Y1 - 2016 UR - http://www.arkeologi.uu.se/digitalAssets/447/c_447246-l_1-k_20160816_lac_booklet.pdf SP - S. 152 PB - Department of archaeology and ancient history, Uppsala university, CY - Uppsala ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Takla, Melanie A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra ED - Raab, Thomas ED - Hirsch, Florian ED - Raab, Alexandra ED - Schopper, Franz ED - Freytag, Klaus T1 - Standort 4 - Eisenhüttenwerk Peitz. Die frühindustrielle Köhlerei in der Jänschwalder Heide (Niederlausitz). Eine GIS-basierte Rekonstruktion des Wald- und Landschaftszustandes mithilfe historischer Karten ab dem 18. Jahrhundert T2 - Tagungsband und Exkursionsführer, Arbeitskreis Geoarchäologie- Jahrestagung 2013, 2.-4.5.2013, BTU Cottbus N2 - Die hier vorgestellte Forschungsarbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Rekonstruktion der Landschafts- und Umweltgeschichte mithilfe Geographischer Informationssysteme (GIS) und historischer Karten. In einem Modell sollen die räumliche Dimension der Köhlerei, der damit verbundene Holzverbrauch, der Zustand der Wälder, die vorhandene Infrastruktur etc. errechnet und dargestellt werden. Zeitlicher Schwerpunkt ist die zweite Hälfte des 18. Jahrhunderts und die Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts. Y1 - 2013 UR - https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-btu/files/4061/GeoRS+Vol.2pdf_a.pdf SP - 89 EP - 97 PB - BTU Cottbus CY - Cottbus ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Takla, Melanie A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra ED - Raab, Thomas ED - Hirsch, Florian ED - Raab, Alexandra ED - Schopper, Franz ED - Freytag, Klaus T1 - Die frühindustrielle Köhlerei in der Jänschwalder Heide (Tagebau Jänschwalde, Niederlausitz). Eine GIS-basierte Rekonstruktion des Wald- und Landschaftszustandes mithilfe historischer Karten ab dem 18. Jahrhundert T2 - Tagungsband und Exkursionsführer, Arbeitskreis Geoarchäologie - Jahrestagung 2013, 2.-4.5.2013, BTU Cottbus Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-40619 SP - S. 47 PB - BTU Cottbus CY - Cottbus ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Naeth, M. Anne A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Alexandra T1 - Contributing towards a conceptual model of soil-landscape co-evolution: observations from historic mining sites in Alberta, Canada T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria N2 - At the former Diplomat Mine near Forestburg, Alberta, Canada we find a diverse soil landscape which can help to conceptualize factors and processes controlling initial pedogenesis and soil distribution on very young landforms in prairie environments. Due to differing reclamation practices in the 1950s and landslides occurring after spoil dumping, four areas can be distinguished by GoogleMaps/LiDAR evaluation and onsite field survey: (i) not-mined, (ii) stock piled and unreclaimed, (iii) stock piled and reclaimed and (iv) affected by post-mining geomorphodynamics and quasi-natural redeposition. The parent material for areas (ii) to (iv) was initially dumped by spreaders but only (ii) didn’t undergo further change. Landscape (iii) has seen levelling of the piles by heavy machinery. Features of landscape (iv) are formed by reshaping the originally dumped and levelled structures. This last landscape unit marks the rim of the former mine adjacent to the river valley. In practice, mining activities formed new valley slopes. In contrast to the naturally developed slopes the mine slopes were less stable. Vegetation, which could have hindered slope wash erosion, was missing after dumping the spoil slopes. Slopes were very steep (or practically undercut) and therefore, substrates were naturally re-located by mass movements such as sliding and slumping. Characteristic sliding and slumping structures can be identified in the close-ups of the LiDAR images. Both processes, mass movement and slope wash erosion, may have overlapped. Landscape (ii) is the most contrasting one. Dumped stock piles formed elongated, curved and steep ridges. These landforms do not have a natural analogue but clearly show their technological origin. Most interesting are differences in vegetation. South and southwest facing slopes are covered with grassland whereas north and northeast facing slopes are covered with aspen trees. Some of the ditches are filled with water and form small elongated ponds. The characteristic geomorphology of the prairie can be found in landscape (i). Distinct differences are found in properties and types of soils in these four landscapes. Natural soils and pile soils characteristically differ in parent material and soil horizons. No information is gathered yet for the reclaimed soils and the landslides soils due to prohibited access. However, based on what we find at the former Diplomat Mine we can conclude that distribution, development and properties of unreclaimed soils in historical open cast mines in Alberta are primarily controlled by parent material and topography. The geomorphological set-up is dominating the trajectory of vegetation development and post-mining geomorphodynamics. Contrasting slope aspects determine micro climatic conditions and lead to different vegetation types. This has likely had an effect on soil development and soil properties (especially carbon stocks). Further studies will be conducted to quantify these differing soil properties to refine this conceptual model of initial pedogenesis and soil distribution on very young landforms in the prairie landscapes. Y1 - 2016 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2016/EGU2016-2457.pdf N1 - EGU2016-2457 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Błaszkiewicz, Mirosław A1 - Kordowski, Jarosław A1 - Noryskiewicz, Agnieszka M. A1 - Tyszkowski, Sebastian A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Late Quaternary landscape development at the margin of the Pomeranian phase (MIS 2) near Lake Wygonin (Northern Poland) T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015 KW - late quaternary landscape development Y1 - 2015 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2015/EGU2015-3547-1.pdf N1 - EGU2015-3547-1 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Buras, Allan A1 - Maaten, Ernst van der A1 - Takla, Melanie A1 - Räbiger, Christin A1 - Cruz-García, Roberto A1 - Wilmking, Martin T1 - Effects of historic charcoal burning on soil properties T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015 KW - historic charcoal burning Y1 - 2015 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2015/EGU2015-3574-2.pdf N1 - EGU2015-3574-2 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Buras, Allan A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Maaten, Ernst van der A1 - Takla, Melanie A1 - Räbiger, Christin A1 - Cruz-García, Roberto A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Wilmking, Martin T1 - Charcoal kiln relicts - a favorable site for tree growth? T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April – 17 May 2015 Y1 - 2015 N1 - EGU2015-3257 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Takla, Melanie A1 - Müller, Frank A1 - Rösler, Horst A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Forestry and charcoal burning in the vicinity of the ironwork Peitz (South Brandenburg, Germany) - What do we know from historical and archaeological data? T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April – 02 May 2014 N2 - The former royal forest districts around Peitz (South Brandenburg, Germany) were used to produce charcoal for the ironwork Peitz (1554 to 1856). More than 800 archaeologically excavated ground plans of charcoal kilns give evidence of the burning activity in the study area “Jänschwalde Heide” which is only a small part of the whole forest district. The study area in the apron of the active lignite mine Jänschwalde comprises the royal forest “Jänschwalder Heide” and the surrounding community forests. Our study approach combines archaeological research, a GIS-based approach (historical maps, airborne laser scanning (ALS) data, etc.) and archival studies. Y1 - 2014 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2014/EGU2014-3858-1.pdf N1 - EGU2014-3858-1 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Takla, Melanie A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Quantitative analysis of anthropogenic relief features: automated mapping of charcoal kiln sites from high-resolution ALS data T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April – 02 May 2014 N2 - High-resolution digital elevation data from airborne laser scanning (ALS) allow for identification and mapping of so far unknown small-scale relief features that are hidden by forest cover. Especially as a result of historic land use, small anthropogenic landforms can occur, e.g., remains of charcoal kilns on sites that were used for charcoal production or ridge and furrow systems in former farmland areas. Mapping such relief features and analyzing their spatial distribution patterns can help to understand past land-use systems and their effects on landscapes. To efficiently detect and quantify small-scale relief features from high-resolution DEMs for larger areas, (semi-) automated mapping routines are required. Y1 - 2014 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2014/EGU2014-2795.pdf N1 - EGU2014-2795 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Takla, Melanie A1 - Müller, Frank A1 - Rösler, Horst A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas ED - Schwab, Markus J. ED - Theuerkauf, Martin ED - Brauer, Achim ED - Wilmking, Martin ED - Lampe, Reinhard T1 - Forestry and charcoal burning in the vicinity of the ironwork Peitz (South Brandenburg, Germany) – What do we know from historical and archaeological data? T2 - 3rd Annual ICLEA Workshop 2014, Dynamics of Climate and Landscape Evolution of Cultural Landscapes in the Northern Central European Lowlands since the Last Ice Age Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2312/GFZ.b103-14028 SP - 51 PB - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences CY - Potsdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Takla, Melanie A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas ED - Schwab, Markus J. ED - Theuerkauf, Martin ED - Brauer, Achim ED - Wilmking, Martin ED - Lampe, Reinhard T1 - Automated detection of small-scale anthropogenic relief features from high-resolution ALS-data T2 - 3rd Annual ICLEA Workshop 2014, Dynamics of Climate and Landscape Evolution of Cultural Landscapes in the Northern Central European Lowlands since the Last Ice Age Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b103-14028 SP - S. 49 PB - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences CY - Potsdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas ED - Schwab, Markus J. ED - Theuerkauf, Martin ED - Brauer, Achim ED - Wilmking, Martin ED - Lampe, Reinhard T1 - Evidence pf (pre-) historic to modern landscape development and land use history in Lower Lusatia (Brandenburg, Germany) T2 - 3rd Annual ICLEA Workshop 2014, Dynamics of Climate and Landscape Evolution of Cultural Landscapes in the Northern Central European Lowlands since the Last Ice Age Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2312/GFZ.b103-14028 SP - 47 PB - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences CY - Potsdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Pötzsch, Bastian A1 - Fritzsche, Marie A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas ED - Schwab, Markus J. ED - Theuerkauf, Martin ED - Brauer, Achim ED - Wilmking, Martin ED - Lampe, Reinhard T1 - Influence of charcoal burning induced pyrolysis on soils T2 - 3rd Annual ICLEA Workshop 2014, Dynamics of Climate and Landscape Evolution of Cultural Landscapes in the Northern Central European Lowlands since the Last Ice Age Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2312/GFZ.b103-14028 SP - 41 PB - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences CY - Potsdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Evidence of (pre-) historic to modern landscape development and land use history in Lower Lusatia (Brandenburg, Germany) T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April – 02 May 2014 N2 - In the apron of three active lignite opencast pits in Lower Lusatia (Brandenburg, Germany), archaeological survey trenches were investigated in areas where Quaternary aeolian sand deposits are widespread. The investigated palaeoenvironmental archives in Jänschwalde, Cottbus-Nord and Welzow contain evidence of fluvial and aeolian morphodynamics, soil formation and agricultural land use from (pre-)historic to modern times. To study the age and the causes of sand drifting and landform stabilization, standard soil physical and chemical laboratory analyses as well as optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and radiocarbon dating (14C) were carried out. Two main sedimentological units were identified: Unit 1 consists of glacio-fluvial and Late Weichselian aeolian sands representing the parent material for the native Podsol-Braunerde and Podsol development, while Unit 2 represents the Late Holocene aeolian deposits. Four periods of Late glacial and Holocene aeolian activity and three phases of geomorphological stability have been identified: (i) Aeolian sedimentation during the Late glacial, (ii) Mesolithic reactivation of aeolian processes, (iii) soil formation until Late Roman Iron Age settlers intensified the agricultural land use, (iv) intensive drift sand formation during the High Middle Ages due to agricultural expansion, (v) stabilization of the drift sands and weak soil formation, (vi) reactivation of aeolian processes due to the increasing wood consumption and charcoal production from the early 16th until the mid-19th century, (vii) surface stabilization and formation of Regosols since the mid-19th century due to afforestation. Y1 - 2014 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2014/EGU2014-3404-1.pdf N1 - EGU2014-3404-1 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Takla, Melanie A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Rösler, Horst A1 - Bönisch, Eberhard T1 - Human-induced landscape dynamics in South Brandenburg - findings from different geoarchives T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April – 02 May 2014 N2 - South Brandenburg is the central part of the North European Lowland (NEL) extending as a plain landscape from the North and Baltic Sea to the foothills of the Central European Highlands and reaching from the Netherlands to Poland. Since many decades lignite opencast mines have been operating in this region which is known as the Lusatian mining district. The total land demand in Lusatia is about 852 square kilometres and mining will continue for many more years or even decades. Large-scale outcrops resulting from these mining activities are excellent archives to study the younger Earth’s history. The scope of our research in open cast mines is to reconstruct the Late Quaternary landscape development and to distinguishing natural from anthropogenic forcing and processes. In more detail, the aims are to identify and to quantify the impact of past land uses, i.e. changes of vegetation, landforms and soils induced by agriculture and/or forestry. Here, we are presenting latest results from our research and review important findings giving novel insights into man-induced environmental changes in Lusatia within the past thousands years and thus improving the general understanding of Late Quaternary landscape dynamics. Y1 - 2014 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2014/EGU2014-1852-1.pdf N1 - EGU2014-1852-1 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Pötzsch, Bastian A1 - Fritzsche, Marie A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Influence of charcoal burning induced pyrolysis on soils T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April – 02 May 2014 N2 - In Lusatia, Northeastern Germany, the production of ironware between the 16th and 19th century left behind a remarkable amount of charcoal kilns in the forests north of Cottbus. Remote sensing surveys, underpinned by archaeological studies, show that charcoal was gained around Cottbus from several thousand charcoal kilns which had internal diameters up to 20 m. For the study site with 35 km2 area, the until now prospected total ground area below the charcoal kilns which was potentially affected by the pyrolysis is about 0,5 km2. Historic data indicates that the pyrolysis in the charcoal kiln took up to several weeks, for the kilns with a diameter of 20 m about 20 days. To characterize the depth of thermal alteration of soils below the kiln our current focus is on the differentiation of the iron hydroxides by small-scale vertical analysis of soil profiles. Y1 - 2014 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2014/EGU2014-2557.pdf N1 - EGU2014-2557 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Frantiuc, Alexandru A1 - Brademann, Brian A1 - Ott, Florian A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Brauer, Achim A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Proxies of pre-industrial charcoal production and land use in lake sediments from South Brandenburg, Germany T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April – 02 May 2014 N2 - During the last decades, archaeological research has revealed that large-scale charcoal burning was carried out in Lower Lusatia (South Brandenburg) situated within the North Germany Lowland. From the 17th to the 19th century, charcoal was mainly produced for the ironwork in Peitz. Within the framework of the ICLEA project lake sediments from two lakes, Byhleguhrer See and Großsee, are investigated to study the impact of pre-industrial charcoal production on the environment. Y1 - 2014 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2014/EGU2014-3278.pdf N1 - EGU2014-3278 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Schulz, Deborah A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra T1 - Landscape and soil development in Lower Lusatia - results from archaeological and soil-geomorphological investigations on a small dune field nearby Jänschwalde (Brandenburg, Germany) T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April – 02 May 2014 N2 - Within the apron of the opencast mine Jänschwalde (SE Brandenburg, Germany) archaeological excavations on a multiple populated small dune were complemented with soil-geomorphological investigations in the vicinity. Archaeological findings in the dune stratigraphy (especially cremation graves) are intercalated within aeolian sediments and/or buried soils and thus give a record of the Late Quaternary geomorphodynamic and soil development. Y1 - 2014 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2014/EGU2014-3426.pdf N1 - EGU2014-3426 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Bauriegel, Albrecht A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Gypser, Stella T1 - The occurrence, soil parameters and genesis of rubified soils (‘Fuchserden’) of northeastern Germany T2 - Catena Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2018.11.039 SN - 0008-7769 SN - 1872-6887 VL - 175 SP - 77 EP - 92 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Takla, Melanie A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Bönisch, Eberhard A1 - Rösler, H. T1 - Böden als Archive der Landschaftsgeschichte im Vorfeld des Tagebaus Jänschwalde T2 - Exkursionsführer, Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft 2011, September 2011, Berlin, Potsdam Y1 - 2011 SP - 84 EP - 96 PB - Deutsche Bodenkundliche Gesellschaft CY - Oldenburg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra ED - Offenhäußer, Dieter ED - Zimmerli, Walther Ch. ED - Albert, Marie-Theres T1 - Imapcts of Early Land Use and Mining on River Landscapes T2 - World Heritage and Cultural Diversity Y1 - 2010 SN - 978-3-940785-20-6 SP - 245 EP - 261 PB - German Comm. for UNESCO CY - Bonn ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Bonhage, Alexander T1 - Soils of former field systems in Northeastern Bavaria, Germany N2 - Analytical data for bulk soil samples from former field system and reference areas in forests of Northeastern Bavaria, Germany. Profile samples taken following soil horizons, transect samples taken in fixed 10 cm depth ranges. Y1 - 2026 UR - https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/59932w7yct/1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.17632/59932w7yct.1 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Seiffert, Thomas A1 - Nenov, Rossen A1 - Maurer, Thomas A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Raab, Thomas ED - Holzheu, Stefan ED - Thies, B. T1 - Microdrone-based photogrammetry for water catchment monitoring T2 - Dimensions of ecology - from global change to molecular ecology, (GfÖ) 39th annual conference, University of Bayreuth, 14th - 18th September 2009 Y1 - 2009 SP - S. 129 PB - Bayreuther Zentrum für Ökologie und Umweltforschung (BayCEER) Selbstverlag CY - Bayreuth ER - TY - GEN A1 - Spröte, Roland A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Wiehe, Wolfgang A1 - Lange, Philipp A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Biological topsoil crusts at early successional stages on recultivated post-mining sites in Brandenburg, NE Germany Y1 - 2010 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Gerke, Horst H. A1 - Maurer, Thomas A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Initial phases of landform evolution in a small catchment T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April – 02 May 2014 N2 - During initial phases of landform evolution, the surface of sediment bodies is commonly not yet equilibrated with the environmental conditions and is thus liable to rapid changes by accelerated geomorphic activity. Geomorphic processes acting during these early development phases depend on the initial sediment composition and the subsurface and surface structures of the geosystem; at the same time, these processes lead to landscape structures that constitute boundary conditions for further ecosystem development. Y1 - 2014 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2014/EGU2014-2789-1.pdf N1 - EGU2014-2789-1 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Byizigiro, Rutazuyaza Vaillant A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Maurer, Thomas T1 - Small-scale opencast mining: an important research field for anthropogenic geomorphology T2 - Die Erde N2 - Artisanal and small-scale mining (A&SM) is a growing economic sector in many third-world countries. This review focuses on anthropo-geomorphic factors and processes associated with small-scale opencast mining (SSOM), a form of A&SM in which near-surface ores are extracted by removing relatively thin covers of soil, bedrock or sediments. Being widespread and commonly conducted without proper planning and beyond the control of local authorities, this form of mining has potentially large impacts on landforms and landscape dynamics, often resulting in drastic consequences for the local environment and agriculture. SSOM should be regarded as a component of anthropogenic geomorphology because it involves the role of humans in creating landforms and modifying the operation of natural geomorphological processes, such as weathering, erosion, transport and deposition. By initiating new and modifying natural geomorphic processes, SSOM causes and/or accelerates geomorphic processes, resulting in various forms of land degradation. While the direct geomorphic impact of SSOM is in general easily discernible and leads to characteristic features, such as excavated pits and overburden spoil heaps, many secondary impacts are attributed to geomorphic processes triggered in the wake of the primary mining-induced landscape alterations. The magnitude of such secondary implications may well extend beyond the actual mining areas, but these effects have not been thoroughly addressed in the research so far. This review summarizes the known studies on the geomorphic impacts of SSOM operations and highlights common geomorphic processes and landforms associated with this type of anthropogenic activity, thus establishing a starting point for further in-depth research. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.12854/erde-146-21 VL - 146 IS - 4 SP - 213 EP - 231 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kleber, Arno A1 - Terhorst, Birgit A1 - Hülle, Daniela A1 - Leopold, Matthias A1 - Müller, S. A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Sauer, Daniela A1 - Scholten, Thomas A1 - Dietze, Michael A1 - Felix-Henningsen, Peter A1 - Heinrich, J. A1 - Spies, E. D. A1 - Thiemeyer, H. ED - Kleber, Arno ED - Terhorst, Birgit T1 - Subdued Mountains of Central Europe T2 - Mid-Latitude Slope Deposits (Cover Beds) N2 - Slope deposits, which veil entire slopes or large parts of them in a rather uniform manner (cover beds), are ubiquitous in the subdued mountains of Central Europe. Here we provide an overview of the current state of knowledge on these deposits. The Central European cover beds are divided into (1) the upper layer that is ubiquitously distributed and displays a relatively constant thickness; (2) the intermediate layer the distribution of which is mainly restricted to flat relief, to slope depressions, and to lee-ward facing slopes; and (3) the basal layer, which is rather widespread again. Both the upper and intermediate layer contain intermixed loess, whereas the basal layer is free of loess and typically has a high bulk density. Aside from the loess content, the composition of the layers differs, reflecting varying portions of crushed and chemically weathered rock allocated from up-slope. This causes notable diversity depending on bedrock and, thus, induces remarkable regional differences. Cover beds were mainly formed by periglacial gelifluction. The upper layer formed in the Late Glacial possibly during several short episodes of activity. In contrast, the underlying layers may be diachronous; nevertheless, they display recurring vertical sequences. This is probably due to the fact that loess-free layers usually could not deposit as long as there was loess in the environs, which may have been inherited from older deposits. Thus, the last phase of surface wash, during which older loess was removed, determines the age of the lower layers. Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-0-444-53118-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-53118-6.00002-7 SP - 9 EP - 93 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Gerke, Horst H. A1 - Maurer, Thomas A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Evolution of hydro-geomorphic connectivity in an experimental catchment T2 - American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting San Franisco, USA, 2014 N2 - During initial phases of landform evolution, the surface of sediment bodies is commonly not yet equilibrated with the environmental conditions and is thus liable to rapid changes by accelerated geomorphic activity. Hydro-geomorphic processes acting during these early development phases often lead to the emergence of surface structures that constitute the boundary conditions for further ecosystem development, and of linear erosion features that act as pathways for water, solute and sediment transport, and thus can increase the system's connectivity. Studies on initial landform evolution are often limited to relatively small-scale experiments or rely on modeling exercises. Larger-scale experiments can be carried out in constructed hydrological catchments with well-known and documented initial conditions. The central aim of this work was to describe the hydro-geomorphic surface structure evolution during the initial years of ecosystem development, its dependence on initial and boundary conditions; and on its relations to hydro-geomorphic connectivity. The data are from the 6-ha, constructed hydrological catchment 'Hühnerwasser'. Hydro-geomorphic development was quantified using a combined analysis of digital elevation models and aerial photographs. Empirical results were compared with those obtained with a numerical landscape evolution model. Phases of rill network growth, contraction and stabilization could be characterized. Results show influences of initial morphology, precipitation characteristics, and developing structure-process-interactions on rill network geometry and connectivity increase in the catchment. The results suggest that phases of hydro-geomorphic surface structure evolution can be related to the spatial organization of surface flow patterns during initial phases of landform development. Y1 - 2014 UR - http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFM.H52B..02S N1 - H52B-02 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Repmann, Frank A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Retardation of iron-cyanide complexes in soils of a former Manufactured Gas Plant site T2 - Book of abstracts, XII International Congress of Young Chemists, YoungChem2014, Szczecin, Poland 8th-12th October 2014 Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-83-61037-28-6 SP - S. 44 CY - Warsaw ER - TY - GEN A1 - Heinrich, Ingo A1 - Balanzategui, Daniel A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Blasch, Gerald A1 - Blume, Theresa A1 - Böttcher, Falk A1 - Borg, Erik A1 - Brademann, Brian A1 - Brauer, Achim A1 - Conrad, Christopher A1 - Dietze, Elisabeth A1 - Dräger, Nadine A1 - Fiener, Peter A1 - Gerke, Horst H. A1 - Güntner, Andreas A1 - Heine, Iris A1 - Helle, Gerhard A1 - Herbrich, Marcus A1 - Harfenmeister, Katharina A1 - Heußner, Karl-Uwe A1 - Hohmann, Christian A1 - Itzerott, Sibylle A1 - Jurasinski, Gerald A1 - Kaiser, Knut A1 - Kappler, Christoph A1 - Koebsch, Franziska A1 - Liebner, Susanne A1 - Lischeid, Gunnar A1 - Merz, Bruno A1 - Missling, Klaus Dieter A1 - Morgner, Markus A1 - Pinkerneil, Sylvia A1 - Plessen, Birgit A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Ruhtz, Thomas A1 - Sachs, Torsten A1 - Sommer, Michael A1 - Spengler, Daniel A1 - Stender, Vivien A1 - Stüve, Peter A1 - Wilken, Florian T1 - Interdisciplinary Geo-ecological Research across Time Scales in the Northeast German Lowland Observatory (TERENO-NE) T2 - Vadose Zone Journal Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2018.06.0116 SN - 1539-1663 VL - 17 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 25 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Krümmelbein, Julia A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Maurer, Thomas A1 - Naeth, M. Anne T1 - Initial Ecosystem Processes as Key Factors of Landscape Development - A Review T2 - Physical Geography Y1 - 2012 SN - 1930-0557 VL - 33 IS - 4 SP - 305 EP - 343 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hinz, Christoph A1 - Letmathe, Peter A1 - Leuchner, Michael A1 - Roß-Nickoll, Martina A1 - Rüde, Thomas A1 - Trachte, Katja A1 - Wätzold, Frank A1 - Lehmkuhl, Frank T1 - Perspectives of lignite post‑mining landscapes under changing environmental conditions: what can we learn from a comparison between the Rhenish and Lusatian region in Germany? T2 - Environmental Sciences Europe N2 - Background The decision of the German federal government to cease lignite mining until 2038 or—if possible— already earlier until 2030, will cause manifold transition processes in the remaining lignite mining districts of Germany. The two largest districts are located in geographically opposite regions: The Rhineland in the western part and Lusatia in the east of Germany. As particularly these two mining districts will experience severe changes in their socioeconomic as well environmental conditions, the federal government has adopted comprehensive economic support measures. However, the environmental changes will also cause altered ecosystem functions and services to be provided by the future post-mining landscapes. Results In this paper, the two main lignite-producing regions of Germany are compared with regard to their natural and cultural settings. The economic situation and its history are reflected and differences are outlined. Part of the disparities in the cultural development can be explained by very different natural conditions, especially edaphic factors and climatic situation. Because of dissimilar geological settings, different mining technologies were developed and are in use in the two regions with distinct effects on the resulting post-mining landscapes. Conclusion The long-standing and manifold lignite mining activities have radically restructured the landscapes in Lusatia and the Rhineland. With the ongoing decline of the mining industry and its complete cessation, presumably within the next decade, both regions will alter their faces significantly. These changes offer both challenges but also opportunities with respect to the post-mining landscapes and their ecosystem services they are going to provide. The prerequisites for a positive socioeconomic development and for sustainable land-use concepts that also consider ecological aspects are different for both regions. However, or especially because of these differences, the knowledge exchange and experience transfer between both mining regions are pivotal for the success of this extensive transformation process. KW - Lignite mining KW - Ecosystem services KW - Post-mining landscapes KW - Transformation processes Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-023-00738-z SN - 2190-4715 VL - 35 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lehmkuhl, Frank A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Birkhofer, Klaus A1 - Hinz, Christoph A1 - Letmathe, Peter A1 - Leuchner, Michael A1 - Roß-Nickoll, Martina A1 - Rüde, Thomas R. A1 - Trachte, Katja A1 - Wätzold, Frank T1 - Perspectives for the lignite post-mining landscapes of the lignite mining landscapes under changing environmental conditions - what can we learn from a comparison between the Rhenish and the Lusatian regions in Germany? : EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria & Online | 14–19 April 2024 N2 - The German government's decision to phase out lignite mining by 2038 or earlier, as recently 2030 has been agreed for the Rhineland, will trigger a number of transition processes in Germany's remaining lignite mining areas. The two largest lignite mining areas are located in geographically different regions: Rhineland in the west and Lusatia in the east. As the socio-economic and environmental conditions in these two mining areas are set to change dramatically, the German government has adopted extensive economic support measures. However, the environmental changes will also lead to changes in the ecosystem functions and services provided by the future post-mining landscapes. Gerwin et al. (2023) compare the two main lignite producing regions of Germany in terms of their natural and cultural environments. The economic situation and its history are reflected and differences are outlined. Part of the differences in cultural development can be explained by the natural conditions, especially the edaphic factors and the climatic situation. Because of the specific geological settings, tailored mining technologies were developed and used in the two regions, with different effects on the resulting post-mining landscapes. We conclude that the landscapes of Lusatia and the Rhineland have been radically restructured by the long and varied history of lignite mining. Both regions will change significantly as the mining industry continues to decline and is expected to cease altogether within the next decade. These changes in the post-mining landscapes and the ecosystem services will provide both challenges and opportunities. The preconditions for positive socio-economic development and for sustainable land use concepts that also consider ecological aspects are different for the two regions. The exchange of knowledge and experience between the two mining regions is crucial to the success of this major transformation process, despite, or perhaps because of, these differences. Gerwin, W., Raab, T., Birkhofer, K., Hinz, C., Letmathe, P., Leuchner, M., Ro&#223;-Nickoll, M., R&#252;de, T., Trachte, K., W&#228;tzold, F., Lehmkuhl, F. (2023): Perspectives of lignite post-mining landscapes under changing environmental conditions: what can we learn from a comparison between the Rhenish and Lusatian region in Germany? Environmental Sciences Europe 35:36. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-023-00738-z Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-2791 PB - Copernicus GmbH ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Seifert, Thomas T1 - Analyzing initial geomorphologic processes and structures: An alternative remote sensing approach T2 - EGU General Assembly 2010, held in Vienna, Austria, 02 – 07 May 2010 Y1 - 2010 N1 - EGU2010-11367 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Spröte, Roland A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Wiehe, Wolfgang A1 - Lange, Philipp A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Biological topsoil crusts at early successional stages on Quaternary substrates dumped by mining in Brandenburg, NE Germany T2 - Geomorphologie: relief, processus, environnement N2 - The influence of biological soil crusts in natural ecosystems on structures and processes is well investigated. However, in South-Brandenburg (Germany), it is possible to study the development of biological soil crusts (BSC) during initial ecosystem genesis on two artificial water catchments with well-known ages and under differing starting conditions. The two experimental sites are located in the recultivation area of the lignite open-cast mining district of southern Brandenburg with a distance of approximately 1 km between them. Two different topographies were constructed at the experimental sites: the experimental plot at the catchment Neuer Lugteich was shaped like a dune, whereas the artificial water catchment Hühnerwasser was modelled as an inclined slope. The catchment Neuer Lugteich is four years older than Hühnerwasser. The original substrate at Neuer Lugteich is more sandy and carbonate-free compared to the original substrate dumped at Hühnerwasser. At both sites geomorphological differentiation and crust development were compared and the importance of substrate-dependent water availability and crust type clarified. Once settled, the crusts influenced the water regime of the soils by delaying infiltration through enhanced water repellency, and by limiting water infiltration. Chlorophyll analysis revealed that all crusts were at early stages of development. At Neuer Lugteich, the establishment of the biological soil crusts was closely associated with the vegetation succession, whereas no clear succession of the crusts could be observed at Hühnerwasser. The mosaic-like pattern of the biological soils crusts is associated with the distribution of fine-grained material here.zeige weniger Y1 - 2010 UR - http://geomorphologie.revues.org/8083 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4000/geomorphologie.8083 SN - 1957-777X VL - 16 IS - 4 SP - 359 EP - 370 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Spröte, Roland A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Forman, Steven L. A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Late Quaternary aeloian dynamics, pedostratigraphy and soil formation in the North European Lowlands - new findings from the Baruther ice-marginal valley T2 - Die Erde N2 - The formation of dunes in central Europe reflects ample sediment supply during the last deglacial hemicycle. A Quaternary inland dune complex in southern Brandenburg, Germany, was studied to frame the duration of pedogenesis in two outcrops containing buried paleosols. An integrative approach, which combined geomorphological, sedimentological, pedological and chronological methods was used to identify aeolian deposition events, ensuing pedogenesis and anthropogenic remobilization. At the outcrops, which were situated approximately 2 km apart from each other, a total of twelve samples of the aeolian sands were dated using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and a further six samples using 14C dating. Although the dunes have similar morphological features, these forms have a different history of aeolian sand deposition and pedogenesis. At the older dune (Gl 1) the surface soil is a well developed Podzol, whereas soil development of the younger dune (Gl 2) is clearly in an initial state. The studied sites of the dune complex also differ in grain size distribution and in the presence of buried soils, thereby indicating a climatic impact on aeolian remobilization. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.12854/erde-148-30 SN - 0013-9998 VL - 148 IS - 1 SP - 58 EP - 73 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Spröte, Roland A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Lange, Philipp A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Hydrophobicity in sandy soils triggered by the development of Scots Pine stands in southern Brandenburg, Germany T2 - EGU General Assembly 2010, held in Vienna, Austria, 02 – 07 May 2010 Y1 - 2010 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2010/EGU2010-4154.pdf N1 - EGU2010-4154 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Spröte, Roland A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Yair, Aaron A1 - Wiehe, Wolfgang A1 - Lange, Philipp A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Structures and processes of biological soil crusts during initial ecosystem genesis of an artificial watershed in Lusatia, NE Germany T2 - EGU General Assembly 2010, held Vienna, Austria, 02 – 07 May 2010 Y1 - 2010 N1 - EGU2010-4129 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Spröte, Roland A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Development of biological soil crusts and their influence on soil hydrology in the recultivation area of lignite open-cast mining district in Lower Lusatia (Germany) T2 - EGU General Assembly 2012, held 22-27 April, 2012 in Vienna Y1 - 2012 N1 - EGU2012-6372 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Spröte, Roland A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Wiehe, Wolfgang A1 - Lange, Philipp A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Functions of biological soil crusts on central European inland dunes:Water repellency and pore clogging influence water infiltration T2 - EGU General Assembly 2010, held in Vienna, Austria, 02 – 07 May 2010 Y1 - 2010 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2010/EGU2010-4449.pdf N1 - EGU2010-4449 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Spröte, Roland A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Soil water repellency as a phenomenon of initial soil formation – approaches and first results from the Transregional Collaborative Reserch Centre (SFB/TRR) 38 T2 - EGU General Assembly 2009, held in Vienna, Austria, 19 – 24 April 2009 Y1 - 2009 UR - http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009EGUGA..11.9008S N1 - EGU2009-9008 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Spröte, Roland A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Lange, Philipp A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Wie beeinflussen Kiefern (Pinus sylvestris L.) die Entwicklung der Benetzungshemmung auf Sandböden? T2 - Böden verstehen - Böden nutzen - Böden fit machen, Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, 3. - 9. September 2011 Y1 - 2011 UR - http://eprints.dbges.de/768/ ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Spröte, Roland A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Lange, Philipp A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Development of biologicalsoil crusts in initial ecosystems in Lusatia, Germany T2 - DBG Jahrestagung 2009 Bonn "Böden - eine endliche Ressource", 05.-13.09.2009, Bonn Y1 - 2009 UR - http://eprints.dbges.de/178/ ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Repmann, Frank A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Dimitrova, Tsvetelina T1 - Feasibility of field portable near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to determine cyanide concentrations in soil T2 - Water, Air and Soil Pollution N2 - Vicinities of manufactured gas plants were often contaminated with solid iron–cyanide complexes as a result of the coal gasification process. During the remediation of affected soils, knowledge about contaminant concentrations is crucial, but laboratory methods are often expensive and time consuming. Rapid and non-destructive field methods for contaminant determination permit an analysis of large sample numbers and hence, facilitate identification of ‘hot spots’ of contamination. Diffuse near infrared reflectance spectroscopy has proven to be a reliable analytical tool in soil investigation. In order to determine the feasibility of a Polychromix Handheld Field Portable Near-Infrared Analyzer (FP NIR), various sample preparation methods were examined, including homogenizing, sieving, drying, and grinding. Partial least squares calibration models were developed to determine near infrared (NIR) spectral responses to the cyanide concentration in the soil samples. As a control, the contaminant concentration was determined using conventional flow injection analysis. The experiments revealed that portable near-infrared spectrometers could be a reliable device for detecting cyanide concentrations >2,400 mgkg−1 in the field and >1,750 mgkg−1 after sample preparation in the laboratory.We found that portable NIR spectrometry cannot replace traditional laboratory analyses due to high limits of detection, but that it could be used for identification of contamination ‘hot spots’. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-012-1298-y SN - 1573-2932 VL - 223 IS - 8 SP - 5495 EP - 5504 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mykhailova, Larysa A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Gypser, Stella A1 - Fischer, Thomas T1 - Development and hydrology of biological soil crusts -- first results from a surface inoculation experiment T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria, 17 April – 22 May 2016 Y1 - 2016 N1 - EGU2016-6129 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Repmann, Frank A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Long-Term Release of Iron-Cyanide Complexes from the Soil of a Manufactured Gas Plant Site T2 - Journal of Environmental Protection N2 - Iron-cyanide (Fe-CN) complexes have been detected at Manufactured Gas Plant sites (MGP) worldwide. The risk of groundwater contamination depends mainly on the dissolution of ferric ferrocyanide. In order to design effective reme- diation strategies, it is relevant to understand the contaminant’s fate and transport in soil, and to quantify and mathe- matically model a release rate. The release of iron-cyanide complexes from four contaminated soils, originating from the former MGP in Cottbus, has been studied by using a column experiment. Results indicated that long-term cyanide (CN) release is governed by two phases: one readily dissolved and one strongly fixed. Different isotherm and kinetic equations were used to investigate the driving mechanisms for the ferric ferrocyanide release. Applying the isotherm equations assumed an approach by which two phases were separate in time, whereas the multiple first order equation considered simultaneous occurrence of both cyanide pools. Results indicated varying CN release rates according to the phase and soil. According to isotherm and kinetic models, the long-term iron cyanide release from the MGP soils is a complex phenomenon driven by various mechanisms parallely involving desorption, diffusion and transport processes. Phase I (rapid release) is presumably mainly constrained by the transport process of readily dissolved iron-cyanide complexes combined with desorption of CN bound to reactive heterogeneous surfaces that are in direct contact with the aqueous phase (outer-sphere complexation). Phase II (limited rate) is presumably driven by the diffusion controlled processes involving dissolution of precipitated ferric ferrocyanide from the mineral or inner-sphere complexation of fer- ricyanides. CN release rates in phase I and II were mainly influenced by the pH, organic matter (OM) and the total CN content. The cyanide release rates increased with increasing pH, decreased with low initial CN concentration and were retarded by the increase in OM content. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4236/jep.2013.411A2002 SN - 2152-2219 VL - 4 IS - 11B SP - 8 EP - 19 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Repmann, Frank A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Feasibility of field portable near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to determine cyanide concentrations in soil T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2013, Vienna, Austria, 07 – 12 April 2013 N2 - In Germany, at more than 1000 sites, soil is polluted with an anthropogenic contaminant in form of iron-cyanide complexes. These contaminations are caused by former Manufactured Gas Plants (MGPs), where electricity for lighting was produced in the process of coal gasification. The production of manufactured gas was restrained in 1950, which caused cessation of MGPs. Our study describes the application of Polychromix Handheld Field Portable Near-Infrared (NIR) Analyzer to predict the cyanide concentrations in soil. In recent times, when the soil remediation is of major importance, there is a need to develop rapid and non-destructive methods for contaminant determination in the field. In situ analysis enables determination of ‘hot spots’, is cheap and time saving in comparison to laboratory methods. This paper presents a novel usage of NIR spectroscopy, where a calibration model was developed, using multivariate calibration algorithms, in order to determine NIR spectral response to the cyanide concentration in soil samples. As a control, the contaminant concentration was determined using conventional Flow Injection Analysis (FIA). The experiments revealed that portable near-infrared spectrometers could be a reliable device for identification of contamination ‘hot spots’, where cyanide concentration are higher than 2400 mg kg-1 in the field and >1750 mg kg-1 after sample preparation in the laboratory, but cannot replace traditional laboratory analyses due to high limits of detection. Y1 - 2013 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2013/EGU2013-1986.pdf N1 - EGU2013-1986 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Rodionov, Andrei A1 - Nii-Annang, Seth A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Gattinger, Andreas A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Cross-linked polyacrylates in post-mining substrates: persistence and effects on plant growth T2 - Soil Use and Management N2 - Application of hydrophilic polymers composed of cross-linked polyacrylate can improve soil water-holding capacity and accelerate the restoration of post-mining substrates. In this work, we studied the persistence of a polyacrylate polymer incorporated into a soil and its impact on plant nutrients at a reclamation site of former lignite mining in Lusatia (Germany). In contrast to autumn application, the incorporation of the polymer enhanced the sequestration of plant-derived carbon in the soil, which was reflected by a significant increase in the concentration of a lignin marker. Attenuated total reflexion–Fourier transform infrared spectra (ATR-FTIR) and total elemental contents in the applied polymer suggested an intensive cation exchange between the polymer framework and the soil-forming substrate. In addition, there was an enrichment of carbonaceous material, which seems to reduce the swelling and thus the water-holding capacity of the cross-linked polyacrylate. Conversely, this process protected the polymer structure from rapid decomposition. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12103 SN - 1475-2743 VL - 30 IS - 1 SP - 78 EP - 87 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Gerke, Horst H. A1 - Maurer, Thomas A1 - Nenov, Rossen A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Hydro-geomorphic differentiation of an artificial catchment during the initial phase of ecosystem development T2 - AGU Fall Meeting 2011, San Francisco, Calif., 5-9 Dec. 2011 Y1 - 2011 SP - H31A-1134 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bachmann, Ute A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Elmer, Michael A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. ED - Elmer, Michael ED - Kätzel, Ralf ED - Bens, Oliver ED - Bues, Claus-Thomas ED - Sonntag, Herbert ED - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Boden und Standortqualität T2 - Nachhaltige Bewirtschaftung von Eichen-Kiefern-Mischbeständen : im Spannungsfeld von Klimawandel, Waldumbau und internationalem Holzmarkt Y1 - 2009 SN - 978-3-86581-196-7 SP - 31 EP - 44 PB - oekom CY - München ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gerke, Horst H. A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Maurer, Thomas A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Quantification and reconstruction of Initial 3D Sediment Mass Distribution in an Artificially-Created Catchment Area Using GOCAD T2 - American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting - Eos transactions N2 - For systems such as soils or watersheds, the initial distribution of sediment mass and composition at the starting point of the development are mostly not well-known. The development of such systems, however, has frequently been assumed to depend on boundary and initial conditions including the solid phase. Here, an experimental watershed of about 6 ha surface area was artificially-created in order to imitate an initial stage just at the beginning of the geo-ecosystem development. However, sediment homogeneity could not be achieved for this large-scale field experiment, and the 3D spatial distribution of structures and components remained uncertain. The objective of this study was to quantify and reconstruct the initial sediment distribution and the first development stages using aerial photographs, point information, and a 3D model. The watershed was made of coarse-textured sediments of quaternary origin with a low permeable clay liner as the bottom boundary. A 2D horizontal digital elevation model (DEM) of the surface and a DEM of the subsurface clay layer are used to construct a 3D triangulated numerical grid of the catchment’s initial spatial structure using the 3D-GIS software GOCAD. Physical and chemical soil properties obtained from borehole samples are assigned to this model and interpolated onto the 3D grid. The volumetric changes in space and time are quantified and related to material properties to obtain the mass changes. Correlations between terrain attributes, sediment properties, and mass changes are explored specifically in regions of differing source materials. A temporal sequence of surface DEMs is obtained from photogrammetric, high-precision ground based laser scanning and airborne laser scanning data. 3D models of elevation change are constructed from these DEMs. The processes following the initial state are mainly characterized by runoff-induced erosive mass relocations related to the distribution of surface and subsurface structures and sediment properties. The results suggest that both sediment structures and mass translocations differ between the western and eastern parts of the watershed and that correlations between initial surface structures and subsequent mass changes exist. KW - Biogeosciences KW - Biogeosciences / Ecosystems, structure and dynamics KW - Biogeosciences / Modeling KW - Biogeosciences / Soils / pedology KW - Earth and Planetary Surface Processes (EP) KW - 2009 Fall Meeting Y1 - 2009 N1 - EP31B-0592 Abstract VL - 90 IS - 52, Suppl. ER - TY - GEN A1 - Heinken, Thilo A1 - Blumröder, Jeanette S. A1 - Adhikari, Yojana A1 - Balthasar, Cathrina A1 - Binder, Anja A1 - Birkhofer, Klaus A1 - Bischoff, Antje A1 - Brosinsky, Arlena A1 - Bubner, Ben A1 - Clerc, Danica A1 - Djoudi, El Aziz A1 - Dobkowitz, Sophia A1 - Francke, Till A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Hartong, Heinrich A1 - Hess, Carsten A1 - Jarling, René A1 - Jouy, Florent A1 - Leinen, Loretta A1 - Meißner, Andreas A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Repmann, Frank A1 - Rönnefarth, Susanne A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Schirrmacher, Marina A1 - Schmehl, Marie-Therese A1 - Schmitt, Thomas A1 - Schröder, Jens A1 - Schüle, Maren A1 - Sturm, Knut A1 - Welle, Torsten A1 - Ibisch, Pierre L. T1 - PYROPHOB – A post-fire ecosystem research project to inform management for resilient forest development BT - PYROPHOB – Ein Ökosystemforschungsprojekt auf Waldbrandflächen als Grundlage für das Management einer resilienten Waldentwicklung T2 - Tuexenia N2 - PYROPHOB (fire-resistant) is the name of an interdisciplinary research project that is running for five years from 2020 to 2025. In this project, eight institutions are investigating the ecological effects of wildfires and subsequent forest management strategies in pine forests (plantations) in Brandenburg (NE Germany), with the aim of formulating practical recommendations for managing fire-prone forests and the effective restoration of post-fire forest areas. We provide a brief overview of what is known about the effects of wildfire on abiotic and biotic parameters in temperate pine forests, as well as the effects of silvicultural treatments. To date, we know little about how different components of biodiversity are linked in post-fire forest ecosystems and how management affects their functioning. By describing the project, we illustrate the requirements for the implementation of such an applied research project. We emphasize the importance of the study design for dealing with interdisciplinary questions and for the quantitative synthesis of research results. The project comprises a set of standardised field plots in two wildfire areas covering different post-fire management options. Fifteen study sites were established, including two reference sites in unburned pine stands, each with ten study plots as replicates. In situ nitrogen mineralisation, litter decomposition tests and soil biological activity are used for soil biological characterisation. Microclimate data is measured continuously. Standing and lying dead wood and tree regeneration are recorded as key indicators of the success of forestry treatments. Further methods com-prise terrestrial laser scanning, remote sensing techniques as well as surveys of vegetation and above and below ground biomass. Identification of fruiting body-forming fungi, phytoparasites and ectomycorrhizal fungi is supported by marker gene sequencing. Faunistic indicators comprise predatory soil arthropods (pairs of emergence tents and soil traps), saproxylic beetles (flight traps and funnel traps), moths (automated window traps), mammals (camera traps), and breeding birds (visual and acoustic observation). We discuss the strengths and limitations of the project design. We are able to systematically capture short-term temporal shifts in parameters and trends in post-fire ecosystem development. Research in a real landscape with ongoing environmental changes and interventions pres-ents challenges for experimental design, data analysis and interpretation. The drivers of ecosystem development are rarely completely independent or perfectly balanced, and lack of replication is ine-vitable. The two fires did not occur in the same year and season, resulting in different initial conditions for the colonisation of the burned areas. Finally, a large part of one study area was again affected by a fire in 2022, which destroyed direct comparability with the other sites. Despite these obstacles the project has started to generate valuable results to address management and conservation challenges. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.14471/2024.44.004 SN - 0722-494X SN - 2748-3452 VL - 44 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Holländer, Hartmut M. A1 - Biemelt, Detlef A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Schoenheinz, Dagmar T1 - Hydrological earth observatories and artificial catchments: From observation to modelling T2 - Physics and Chemistry of the Earth Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2010.12.012 SN - 1873-5193 VL - 36 IS - 1-4 SP - 1 EP - 2 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Krümmelbein, Julia A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Naeth, M. Anne T1 - A history of lignite coal mining and reclamation practices in Lusatia, eastern Germany T2 - Canadian journal of soil science Y1 - 2012 SN - 1918-1841 VL - 92 IS - 1 SP - 53 EP - 66 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Extending and simplifying the standard Köhn-pipette technique for grain size analysis T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April – 02 May 2014 N2 - Grain size distribution is a fundamental parameter to characterize physical properties of soils and sediments. Manifold approaches exist and according to the DIN ISO 11277 soil texture is analyzed by default with the combined pipette sieving and sedimentation method developed by Köhn.With this standard technique subfractions of sand and silt as well as the total clay content can be determined but the differentiation of clay subfractions is impossible. As the differentiation of the clay subfractions yields relevant information about pedogenesis, we present a protocol basing on standard techniques of granulometry with easy to handle and low cost equipment. The protocol was tested on a set of soil samples to cover the range of grain size distributions. Y1 - 2014 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2014/EGU2014-2555.pdf N1 - EGU2014-2555 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Contradictory indications from terrestrial archives for the asynchronous LGM glaciation in the Central Spanish Pyrenees T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April – 02 May 2014 N2 - Studies from several Mediterranean sites suggest a nonuniform glaciation during the last glacial cycle. For the Pyrenees an asynchronous maximum ice extent compared to the global last glacial maximum (LGM) is controversially discussed. Our study sites are located in the Central Spanish Pyrenees, namely the Aragon and Gallego Valley. Both valleys are type locations for the Pleistocene glaciations and the early maximum ice extent for the Pyrenees was dated amongst other sites in the Gallego Valley to about 36 ka. Due to the potential time span since the earlier deglaciation compared to LGM sites from Central Europe we used a pedological and sedimentological approach to reconstruct the Late Quaternary landscape development. Our results indicate a considerable reshaping of the LGM landscape prior to the onset of the Holocene. The LGM tills are covered by a deposit with high content of fine sand and coarse silt. On the slopes the clasts in these fine-grained sediments are aligned parallel to the slope direction, whereas in the underlaying tills the clasts are aligned rectangular to the slope direction and therefore representing the direction of the Pleistocene glacier movement.We attribute the alignment of the clasts in the sediment covering the tills to solifluction induced by periglacial conditions. The high contents of coarse silt and fine sand are also characteristic for the eolian component in periglacial slope deposits. OSL datings suggest an age of about 14 ka for these sediments. Soil micromorphology shows that the periglacial deposits were not subject to intensive pedogenic processes prior to the sedimentation but that profiles are strongly affected by lessivation after deposition. Soil erosion is only evident during the Holocene and we associate these phases of soil erosion with the human impact. We found no indications for geomorphologic and pedogenic processes between the reported deposition of the LGM till around 36 ka and theperiglacial conditions dated in our study to about 14 ka. Y1 - 2014 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2014/EGU2014-2562.pdf N1 - EGU2014-2562 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schwab, Markus A1 - Brauer, Achim A1 - Blaszkiewicz, Miroslaw A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Wilmking, Martin A1 - Blume, Theresa T1 - The Virtual Institute of Integrated Climate and Landscape Evolution Analyses - ICLEA T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April – 02 May 2014 N2 - The GFZ, Greifswald University and the Brandenburg University of Technology together with their partner the Polish Academy of Sciences strive for focusing their research capacities and expertise in a Helmholtz Virtual Institute for Integrated Climate and Landscape Evolution Analyses (ICLEA). The Coordination Team is based at the GFZ in Potsdam and consists of a permanent scientific manager and administrative personnel. ICLEA offers young researchers an interdisciplinary and structured education and promote their early independence through coaching and mentoring. Postdoctoral rotation positions at the ICLEA partner institutions ensure mobility of young researchers and promote dissemination of information and expertise between disciplines. Training, Research and Analytical workshops between research partners of the ICLEA virtual institute are another important measure to qualify young researchers. Y1 - 2014 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2014/EGU2014-15974.pdf N1 - EGU2014-15974 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Geophysical prospection on Late Quaternary sediments in the Gallego Valley, Central Spanish Pyrenees T2 - Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, Suppl. N2 - This study aims to characterize the Late Quaternary stratigraphy in a type region of Pleistocene glaciation in the Central Spanish Pyrenees by using geophysical prospection techniques to extrapolate stratigraphical field information from soil pits. The main objectives are (i) to identify the thickness of the Quaternary sediments, (ii) to characterize the internal structures and stratifications within the Quaternary deposits and (iii) to test the validity of combined geophysical prospection techniques, including shallow seismic refraction (SSR) and electric resistivity tomography (ERT). We focus on two selected study sites: the Late Pleistocene terminal moraine at Senegüé on the bottom of the Gállego Valley and a Pleistocene non-glaciated slope located nearby. This study proves that information about the depth, structure and distribution of Late Quaternary sediments (glacial, periglacial and fluvial) can be gathered by the combination of geophysical techniques (SSR and ERT). These techniques allow for a reliable, inexpensive and fast extrapolation of stratification information from soil pits and enable Late Quaternary and Eocene sediments to be distinguished. The reconstruction of the sediment genesis is facilitated by the geophysical techniques due to the potential to prospect the internal structures of large areas. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1127/0372-8854/2014/S-00165 SN - 1864-1687 VL - 58 IS - 3 SP - 47 EP - 62 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Knoop, Christine A1 - Dornack, Christina A1 - Dietrich, Nils A1 - Krümmelbein, Julia A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Quality and condition of residues from organic waste fermentation with regard to its usage as soil amendment T2 - Proceedings, Fifth International Symposium on Energy from Biomass and Waste, San Servolo, Venice, Italy, 17-20 November 2014 N2 - The input of biowaste material in biogas plants has increased in the recent years. With that comes a certain amount of residues that can potentially be applied as organic soil amendment in order to recycle nutrients and to maintain and improve soil functions. The aim of this article is to give an impression of preliminary results of our study on characteristics of solid fermentation residues from different German biogas plants using organic waste material as main input substrate. A fundamental analysis shall reveal information such as material composition, nutrient and heavy metal concentration and impurity content. These characteristics are compared to existing data on composts and residues from organic waste treatment and will be evaluated in the context of organic amendment application. Y1 - 2014 UR - http://www.venicesymposium.it/symposium-proceedings.aspx PB - CISA Publisher CY - Padova ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Defining Point Zero of Pedogenesis - What About Pre-Industrial Land Use? T2 - 2014 GSA Annual Meeting in Vancouver, British Columbia (19-22 October 2014) Y1 - 2014 UR - https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2014AM/webprogram/Paper242021.html N1 - Paper No. 6-2 SP - S. 37 PB - Geological Society of America CY - Boulder, Colo. ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas ED - Schwab, Markus J. ED - Theuerkauf, Martin ED - Brauer, Achim ED - Wilmking, Martin ED - Lampe, Reinhard T1 - Extending and simplifying the standard Köhn‐pipette technique for grain size analysis T2 - 3rd Annual ICLEA Workshop 2014, Dynamics of Climate and Landscape Evolution of Cultural Landscapes in the Northern Central European Lowlands since the Last Ice Age Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2312/GFZ.b103-14028 SP - 40 PB - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences CY - Potsdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schwab, Markus J. A1 - Brauer, Achim A1 - Błaszkiewicz, Mirosław A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Wilmking, Martin T1 - Bridging long proxy data time series and instrumental observation in the Virtual Institute of Integrated Climate and Landscape Evolution Analyses - ICLEA T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015 KW - long proxy data time series KW - instrumental observation Y1 - 2015 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2015/EGU2015-4703-2.pdf N1 - EGU2015-4703 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Wechler, Klaus-Peter T1 - Reconstructing spatial and temporal patterns of soil formation in an anthropogenic drift sand area in Northeastern Germany T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015 KW - spatial patterns KW - anthropogenic drift Y1 - 2015 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2015/EGU2015-3937.pdf N1 - EGU2015-3937 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Was ist eigentlich Geopedologie? T2 - Forschung & Lehre : alles was die Wissenschaft bewegt N2 - Die Geopedologie kann den Erd- und Umweltwissenschaften zugerechnet werden. Sie hat ihre Wurzeln in der Geomorphologie und der Bodenkunde. Hinzu kommen Aspekte der Geologie, der Mineralogie und Petrologie. Geforscht wird interdisziplinär. Y1 - 2015 SN - 0945-5604 VL - 22 IS - 8 SP - 646 EP - 647 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Human impact on late Quaternary landscapes in the Central Spanish Pyrenees T2 - AGU Meeting Abstract, 2011 Fall Meeting San Francisco 2011 Y1 - 2011 N1 - EP31D-0842 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hirsch, Florian ED - Wunderlich, J. ED - Houben, P. T1 - Quartäre Sedimente und Bodenbildung in den Aragonesischen Pyrenäen T2 - AK Geomorphologie, Jahrestagung 2010 in Frankfurt am Main/Schmitten Y1 - 2010 SP - S. 38 PB - Goethe Universität, Institut für Physische Geographie CY - Frankfurt am Main ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Stratigraphy and distribution of Late Quaternary sediments in the Aragon- and Gallego Valley (Aragonese Pyrenees, Spain) T2 - Quaternary International N2 - Within the scope of the research project post-LGM pedogenesis and geomorphodynamics in the Aragonese Pyrenees (Spain), funded by the DFG (Az RA 931/3-1), soils and sediments are used to reconstruct the Late Quaternary landscape formation. By employing multiple field and laboratory methods, several sediment facies (glacial, periglacial, fluvial and anthropogenic induced colluvial displacement) can be distinguished. Due to small scale horizontal and vertical distribution of the Quaternary sediments, the genetic differentiation is crucial for the dating of periglacial and glacial phases. The polygenetic sediment sequences indicate periods of post-glacial geomorphodynamic, probably induced by changing climatic or anthropogenic influences. The glacial sediments are preserved as lateral and terminal moraines. Due to the arrangement of the moraines, several Pleistocene glacial advances can be recognized. Cold climate conditions led to the formation of periglacial slope deposits which are classified as lower and upper heads in accordance to findings from Central Europe (Raab & Völkel 2003, Raab et al. 2010). Although lower heads are restricted to the Pleistocene extraglacial landscape, upper heads can be located in the Pleistocene extraglacial and glacial landscape. Upper heads are characterized by a high amount of silt, which is interpreted as the result of an aeolian admixture. The aeolian component is not limited to the upper head but can also be found as loess deposit on glaciofluvial and fluvial terraces. Due to the characteristically low inclination of the terraces the aeolian cover was only sparsely affected by erosion. On the other hand, on steeper slopes, intensive land use results in residual shallow sediment cover above the bedrock in the upper slopes and deep colluvial layers on the foot slopes and valley bottoms. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2012.08.370 N1 - XVIII INQUA Congress, 21st–27th July, 2011, Bern, Switzerland VL - 279-280 SP - S. 202 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas ED - Wunderlich, J. ED - Houben, P. T1 - Sedimentologische Untersuchungen zur quartären Landschaftsgeschichte in den Aragonesischen Pyrenäen T2 - AK Geomorphologie, Jahrestagung 2010 in Frankfurt am Main/Schmitten Y1 - 2010 SP - S. 19 PB - Goethe Universität, Institut für Physische Geographie CY - Frankfurt am Main ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Turu, Valenti A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Pena-Monne, J. L. A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Ros, X. A1 - Marti-Bono, Carlos A1 - Constante-Orrios, A. ED - Turu, Valenti ED - Constante, Ana T1 - Prospeccion geofisica y geomecanica de la ribera de Biescas (pirineos centrales): estructura del relleno sedimentario del fondo del valle y los sedimentos de vertiente T2 - Resums XIII Reunio Nacional de Quaternari, AEQUA, Andorra 2011 Y1 - 2011 SN - 978-99920-1-861-3 SN - 978-99920-1-860-6 SP - 81 EP - 83 PB - Imp. Envalira [u.a.] CY - Andorra la Vella ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas ED - Völkel, Jörg T1 - Post-LGM-zeitliche Pedogenese und Geomorphodynamik in den Spanischen Zentralpyrenäen T2 - Jahrestagung 2012, 10. - 13. Oktober 2012 in München/Campus Weihenstephan, Deutscher Arbeitskreis für Geomorphologie, Tagungsband zur Critical Zone-Forschung Y1 - 2012 SP - S. 26 PB - München CY - Technische Universität ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Reliktische Bodenbildung in den Spanischen Zentralpyrenäen als Hinweis auf spätquartäre Klimawechsel T2 - Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, Berlin, Potsdam Y1 - 2011 PB - Deutsche Bodenkundliche Gesellschaft CY - Göttingen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas ED - Sauer, Daniela ED - Jahn, Reinhold ED - Stahr, Karl T1 - Soil formation on Late Quaternary sediments in the Central Pyrenees (Spain) T2 - Landscapes and soils through time, proceedings, Hohenheim, July 28th – August 01th, 2011 Y1 - 2011 SP - 4 EP - 5 CY - Hohenheim ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Distribution, formation and chronology of Late Quaternary sediments in the Central Spanish Pyrenees T2 - 8th International Conference (IAG) on Geomorphology, IAG, Paris, 27 - 31 August 2013, abstract volume Y1 - 2013 SP - S. 342 PB - International Association of Geomorphologists CY - Paris ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Micromorphology and macrofabrics of Late Quaternary sediments in the Aragonese Pyrenees, Spain T2 - 8th International Conference (IAG) on Geomorphology, IAG, Paris, 27 - 31 August 2013, abstract volume N2 - Within the scope of the research project Post-LGM pedogenesis and geomorphodynamics in the Aragonese Pyrenees we used a combination of field and laboratory methods to differentiate and classify Late Quaternary sediments. Our analyses indicate no post sedimentary erosion of the LGM lateral moraines in the Aragon and Gallego valley. Precipitation of calcium carbonate led to the fixation of the diamictons and thus stabilized the glacial landforms. Clasts in the glacial sediments are orientated parallel to the Pleistocene glacial flow direction and therefore underpin the stability of the glacial deposits during paraglacial times. Grain size analyses and OSL ages indicate the covering of glacial sediments by an eolian deposit before the onset of the Holocene. Y1 - 2013 SP - S. 1018 PB - International Association of Geomorphologists CY - Paris ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dietrich, Nils A1 - Knoop, Christine A1 - Krümmelbein, Julia A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Einfluss der Ausbringung von aufbereiteten Gärrückständen aus der Bioabfallvergärung auf bodenphysikalische Eigenschaften T2 - DBG Jahrestagung 2015, München, 7.-11. September 2015 N2 - In Deutschland fallen jährlich ca. 13 Mio t Bioabfall an. Im Zuge der Novellierung des EEG 2014 erfolgte eine Aufhebung aller Sondervergütungen. Da zukünftig keine erhöhten, einsatzstoffbezogenen Vergütungen (z. B. für Mais, Zuckerrüben und Getreide) mehr vorgesehen sind, wird sich der Ausbau der Biomasse auf den Einsatz von Reststoffen (z. B. Gülle und Abfallstoffe) konzentrieren . Aus diesem Grund ist mit einer verstärkten Zunahme von Gärrückständen aus Bioabfällen zu rechnen. Im Rahmen des vom BMBF geförderten VeNGA-Projektes Grundlagenuntersuchungen zur Verwertung und Nährstoffnutzung der boden- und pflanzenbezogenen Wirkung von Gärrückständen aus der Abfallvergärung, erfolgt die genaue Charakterisierung unterschiedlicher Gärrestprodukte und Aufbereitungsverfahren hinsichtlich ihrer bodenphysikalischen Wirkung und ihrer Effekte auf Wachstum und Entwicklung von landwirtschaftlichen Kulturen. In dem Projekt werden Gärprodukte aus zwei Laboranlagen und einer Technikumsanlage mittels vier Verfahren aufbereitet und in Gefäßversuchen und einem dreijährigen Feldversuch hinsichtlich ihrer langfristigen boden- und pflanzenbezogenen Wirkung untersucht. Die unterschiedliche Aufbereitung der Gärreste erfolgt nach der Kompostierung aus demselben Material, in Form von Rollpellets, Presspellets, zerfasertem Kompost und einer Referenzvariante aus gesiebtem Kompost. Bei den unter kontrollierten Bedingungen im Gewächshaus durchgeführten viermonatigen Gefäßversuchen wurden die Gärprodukte unter Sommerweizen und im Feldversuch unter Hirse, Senf und Grünroggen getestet. Erste Ergebnisse nach dem ersten Versuchsjahr zeigen sowohl für die Gefäßversuche als auch im Freilandversuch einen positiven Effekt für die Rollpellets auf den Biomasseertrag im Vergleich zu den anderen Aufbereitungsvarianten. Aufgrund des gleichen Ausgangsmaterials der verschiedenen Varianten deutet der Mehrertrag bei der Applikation der Rollpellets auf eine positive bodenphysikalische Wirkung und verbesserte Porenverhältnissen, die mit einer Steigerung des Wasserhaltevermögens einhergeht, hin. Des Weiteren besitzen die Rollpellets im Vergleich zu den anderen getesteten Varianten gute Lager-, Transport- und Applikationseigenschaften. Auch konnte in Rhizotronenversuch gezeigt werden, dass die verschieden Gärrestprodukte unterschiedliche Einflüsse auf das Wurzelwachstum von Sommerweizen besitzen. Y1 - 2015 UR - http://www-docs.tu-cottbus.de/geopedologie/public/Venga/Dietrich_2015_DBG.pdf ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Knoop, Christine A1 - Dietrich, Nils A1 - Heinrich, Martina A1 - Krümmelbein, Julia A1 - Dornack, Christina A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Aufbereitung von Bioabfall-Gärresten zur Nutzung als Bodenverbesserer T2 - Tagungsband, 10. Biogastagung - Anaerobe Biologische Abfallbehandlung, 29.-30. Semtember 2015, Dresden N2 - Mit der Implementierung des Kreislaufwirtschaftsgesetzes (KrWG) im Jahr 2012 hat sich die Bundesregierung gesetzlich auf eine getrennte Erfassung von Bioabfällen in privaten Haushalten ab Januar 2015 festgelegt. Bioabfälle werden in Deutschland bereits in über 100 Biogasanlagen eingesetzt und könnten in Zukunft verstärkt als Gärsubstrat genutzt werden. Die nach der Vergärung verbleibenden organischen Rückstände sollen im Sinne der Kreislaufwirtschaft als organischer Bodenverbesserer auf landwirtschaftliche Flächen rückgeführt werden. Im Rahmen des VeNGA-Projektes (Grundlagenuntersuchungen zur Verwertung und Nährstoffnutzung sowie der boden- und pflanzenbezogenen Wirkung von Gärrückständen aus der Abfallvergärung) am Lehrstuhl Geopedologie und Landschaftsentwicklung der Brandenburgischen Technischen Universität Cottbus-Senftenberg (BTU) in Zusammenarbeit mit der Firma Grossmann Ingenieur Consult Dresden (GICON) und dem Institut für Stadtökologische Projekte Berlin (IASP) sollen Aufbereitungsmöglichkeiten für Rückstände aus der Bioabfallvergärung untersucht werden. Im Fokus steht dabei der Einfluss der Substratbehandlung während des Biogas- und Aufbereitungsprozesses auf die Eigenschaften der entstehenden Düngeprodukte. Die Untersuchungen werden sowohl im Labor als auch im Technikum durchgeführt. Die Charakterisierung der festen Gärrückstände aus der Bioabfallvergärung hat gezeigt, dass diese ein ähnliches Nährstoffpotential wie Gründünger oder Frischkompost besitzen. Durch den organischen Abbau während der Vergärung kommt es zur Aufkonzentration von Nährstoffen und Schwermetallen in der festen Phase. Der Stickstoff liegt zu durchschnittlich 25 % in Form von pflanzenverfügbarem Ammoni-um vor. Während der Aufbereitung ist jedoch eine Teiltrocknung der Gärrückstände unumgänglich, was zunächst zum Stickstoffverlust führt. Es ist also von einer geringen Stickstoffverfügbarkeit in den festen Gärprodukten auszugehen. Der Einsatz der aufbereiteten Gärprodukte in Topfexperimenten und im Feldversuch hat gezeigt, dass die Ausbringung in Kombination mit Mineraldüngung zu einem erhöhten Biomasseertrag führt. Dies lässt eine positive Wirkung der Gärprodukte auf die Bodeneigenschaften schlussfolgern. Feste Gärrückstände können bei Erfüllung der Kriterien nach BioAbfV als organischer Bodenverbesserer eingesetzt werden. Eine Aufbereitung ist hierfür in den meisten Fällen notwendig. Dies gilt insbesondere für Substrate, die vor der Vergärung keiner Störstoffabscheidung unterzogen werden. Das zweistufige Fest-Flüssig-Verfahren, welches für die Untersuchungen angewendet wird, hat den Vorteil besonders unanfällig gegenüber Störstoffen zu sein. Der Störstoffgehalt im Gärrückstand ist dadurch vergleichsweise höher als bei anderen Verfahren, was einen größeren Aufbereitungsaufwand nach sich zieht. Y1 - 2015 SP - 177 EP - 186 PB - Forum für Abfallwirtschaft und Altlasten e.V. CY - Pirna ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Wechler, Klaus-Peter T1 - Late Holocene eolian fossilization of Podzols in Northeastern Germany T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria N2 - The North European lowland has been formed by glacial and periglacial processes in the Late Pleistocene. Multiple reshaping since the Late Glacial considerably changed the landscape up to and including especially historic times. Sediment sequences and (fossilized) soils can improve our understanding of Late Quaternary landscape development, but mapping of buried soils and surfaces is often limited to single outcrops. Ongoing archaeological rescue excavations in the pre-field of the open-cast mine Cottbus-Nord (northeastern Germany) with dense excavation trenches in an about 10 ha dune and drift sand area reveal multilayered sediment sequences with fossilized soils and sediments from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene. Archaeological findings ranging from Mesolithic flint stones to an about 200 year old ceramics in eolian sediments covering plow horizons and wheel tracks suggest that eolian relocation of sandy material was intensive about 200 years ago. Still unpublished OSL dating underline the intense eolian activity. Recent studies showed that between the 15Th to the 19Th century an iron smelter 5 km to the west of our study site was supplied with charcoal, which was produced in a forest 5 km east to our study site. Our current findings about Late Holocene eolian activity raise the question if this eolian reshaping of the landscape is connected with the operation of the iron smelter either directly by transport or bog iron ore winning or indirectly by population pressure caused by the prospering iron smelter. Our ongoing research indicates, that already for historic land-use off-site effects causing further landscape changes have to be considered. Y1 - 2016 N1 - EGU2016-5754-1 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Ouimet, William A1 - Dethier, David T1 - Soil stratigraphy of charcoal kiln remains (CKR) in the Litchfield Hills, CT, USA T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria N2 - Charcoal kiln relicts (CKRs) are small anthropogenic landforms that are often found in historic mining areas. CKRs have not been a big research topic yet but mainly were studied as by-products of archaeological excavations. In the last years newly available and very accurate Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) based on high-resolution Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) data have been used to identify these archaeological remains. In addition, findings of several thousands CKRs in the North German Lowland have increased the awareness that historical charcoal production may significantly contribute to Late Holocene landscape change. Besides the archaeological aspect of CKRs, potential impacts of charcoal burning on the ecology of modern soil landscapes and ecosystem processes must be considered. A relatively high density of CKRs is found in the Litchfield Hills nearby the town of West Cornwall, Litchfield County, CT, USA. The CKRs are especially well preserved on slopes of the tributary valleys of the Housatonic River and form little, circular ramparts with diameters normally less than ten meters. First, rough field surveys in Litchfield County in spring 2015 have suggested differences between soils inside and outside the CKR. Soils on the CKR seem to have relatively deep humus-rich and charcoal containing topsoils whereas the topsoils outside the CKR appear typically thinner and less rich in humus. More thorough investigations have been started in autumn 2015 to prove the hypothesis that properties, distribution and development of soils are controlled by archaeological remains of historical charcoal burning. We present preliminary results from our field studies conducted in October 2015. The stratigraphy and the extent of the 26 CKRs were studied using a sedimentological-pedological approach by coring and trenching. Our results indicate that in Litchfield County the CKRs were used twice and in quick succession. Before the second reuse, the rim of the platform was stabilized with boulders. The black topsoils on the CKRs contain residual charcoal and the topsoils are thicker compared to the soil sequences outside of the CKRs. Y1 - 2016 N1 - EGU2016-3477 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Missing evidence for the LGM-asynchronity in the Central Spanish Pyrenees in geomorphological, sedimentological and pedological archives T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria N2 - According to the state of knowledge, the glacial advances in the Eastern Pyrenees were synchronous with the global LGM during the Late Pleistocene (MIS 2), but the glacial advances in the Central Spanish Pyrenees at MIS 3 were asynchron with the global LGM. Whereas in the Eastern Pyrenees the glacial advances are dated in several well agreeing studies by surface exposure dating of boulders from lateral or terminal moraines, the asynchronity of the Central Spanish Pyrenees was postulated mainly by OSL dating on glacial and fluvial sediments and on radiocarbon dating of pollen from lacustrine deposits. The time difference of about 15 ka raises the question if this is a result of (local) climate factors or owed to failures caused by using several dating techniques on different archives. Anyway, if this time lag is correct, post-LGM formation of soils and sediments from the Late Pleistocene should be different between the Eastern Pyrenees and the Central Spanish Pyrenees. We therefore applied a combined approach of geomorphological, sedimentological and pedological investigations to reconstruct the Late Quaternary landscape development in the Aragon- and Gallego Valley of the Central Spanish Pyrenees. Our study reveals that in both valleys the Pre-Holocene geomorphodynamics on the lateglacial deposits show clear analogies with findings from Pleistocene periglacial landscapes in Central Europe. For MIS 4 and early MIS 3 periglacial processes are proven by loess deposition and formation of solifluction sediments. The glacial sediments, which were dated in earlier studies into mid MIS 3 and counted so far as prove for the asynchronous LGM of the Central Spanish Pyrenees, are covered by periglacial deposits of lateglacial age (14 ka to 11 ka). Surprisingly neither the glacial sediments have pedogenic features that indicate lateglacial soil development, nor do the periglacial deposits show indications for lateglacial soil erosion. Therefore we conclude that soil formation began after the sedimentation of the periglacial deposits, either implying a striking timeframe of more than 15 ka with a stable landscape without any pedogenesis, or the untenability of the MIS 3 age of the glacial sediments. Because we can clearly differentiate further phases of geomorphodynamics during the Holocene with truncated soil profiles and the correlate sediments of soil erosion next to undisturbed soils in periglacial sediments with a lateglacial age, we challenge the thesis of an asynchronous LGM in the Central Spanish Pyrenees and advocate a synchronous LGM in the Gallego- and Aragon valley analog to the Eastern Pyrenees. Y1 - 2016 N1 - EGU2016-5788 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Krümmelbein, Julia A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Development of soil physical parameters in agricultural reclamation after brown coal mining within the first four years T2 - Soil and Tillage Research N2 - In Lusatia, Eastern Germany, the largest German brown coal (lignite) mining area is located. We study agricultural reclamation of open cast brown coal mining areas over the reclamation period of seven years which is in Germany by law the fixed time after which the agricultural areas are resold to farmers and agricultural cooperatives. This paper shows the development of selected soil physical parameters within the first three and four years of reclamation in dependence of organic fertilization, soil tillage and crop rotation. The sandy substrate which is used to reconstruct the post mining landscape is of Saaleian origin, free of recent organic matter and characterized by a homogeneous fabric. During excavation, deposition on stockpiles and levelling, the substrate becomes partly severely compacted due to extensive mechanical stresses. The extent of induced stresses depends on the contact area pressure and on the number of wheel passes of the levelling machinery during these processes. In this context we investigated the effect of different organic soil additives in combination with different crop rotations on the development of soil structure. The experimental area was reconstructed in 2006 and 2007. Directly after site construction, undisturbed soil samples were taken to characterize the initial mechanical and hydraulic properties of the substrate. Three and four years later again undisturbed samples on selected sub plots were taken. In 2010 samples from plots where Alfalfa had been cultivated for three years were collected. The Alfalfa plots were wheeled only twice per year, once for fertilization and once to cut and chaff the biomass. In 2011 samples from plots with annual ploughing and seedbed preparation were taken to show the effects of different crops and tillage intensities in combination with varying soil organic fertilizers on soil structure development. Furthermore, we evaluated the persistence of the loosening effect of subsoiling in dependence on the reclamation practice. First results of our on-going experimental study indicate that initial soil physical properties are very variable on the sub plots. After three and four years, no loosening effect of deep loosening was found anymore. The comparison of the minimum tilled plots (Alfalfa) with the plots of medium tillage intensity showed that with decreasing soil tillage intensity the functionality of the pore system (saturated hydraulic conductivity, air permeability) is improved. Y1 - 2012 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167198712001389 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2012.06.013 SN - 0167-1987 VL - 125 SP - 109 EP - 115 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Völkel, Jörg A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Effects of uranium mining on the landscape ecology in Eastern Thuringia – Mining dumps and floodplains as sinks and sources of mining related substances T2 - GeoDarmstadt2010 : Geowissenschaften sichern Zukunft, Frankfurt am Main & Darmstadt, 10. Oktober - 13. Oktober 2010 Y1 - 2010 SN - 978-3-510-49219-0 SP - 573 EP - 574 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften CY - Hannover ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Krümmelbein, Julia A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Soil compaction on an agricultural post-mining recultivation site in Eastern Germany T2 - EGU General Assembly 2010, held in Vienna, Austria, 02 – 07 May 2010 Y1 - 2010 N1 - EGU2010-10290 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Chronology of Late Quaternary sediments in the Aragonese Pyrenees T2 - Quaternary International N2 - The Spanish Pyrenees are a type region for Quaternary glaciations. Although the history of glacial research dates back until the first fieldtrips of Charpentier in 1841 and Penck in 1883, the maximum extent of Pleistocene glaciers and the exact chronology is still discussed. Whereas some authors suggest a last glacial maximum (LGM) synchronous to the European Alps, there are also several authors preferring a much earlier Pyrenean LGM. The differing ages for the LGM research using absolute chronological methods reveal the need for a clear stratigraphical and sedimentological approach prior to chronological sampling on Quaternary sediments. Within the scope of the research project post-LGM pedogenesis and geomorphodynamics in the Aragonese Pyrenees (Spain) funded by the DFG (Az RA 931/3-1) Quaternary sediments are differentiated by a combination of multiple field and laboratory methods. This identification of the sediments, combined with the stratigraphic approach forms the basis for the dating of the sediment facies and therefore the prevailing climate conditions at the time of the sedimentation. The studies are mainly conducted in the Aragon- and Gallego Valley, which are both situated in the Aragonese Pyrenees (Spain). We use optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) to date the uppermost unit of the periglacial slope deposits which typically cover glacial sediments in most parts of the study area. There is clear evidence that the glacial and periglacial sediments are partly eroded due to human impact. First OSL and 14C dating reveal relatively young ages for this phase of soil erosion and redepostion on the slopes (approximately 300 a BP). Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2012.08.371 N1 - XVIII INQUA Congress, 21st–27th July, 2011, Bern, Switzerland VL - 279-280 SP - S. 202 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Schuhart, Stefan T1 - Quaternary deposits and soil formation in the Aragón Pyrenees (Spain) - First results from sedimentological studies T2 - EGU General Assembly 2010, held in Vienna, Austria, 02 – 07 May 2010 Y1 - 2010 N1 - EGU2010-3935 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Knoop, Christine A1 - Dornack, Christina A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Aufbereitung von festen Gärrückständen aus der Bioabfallvergärung zu Bodenhilfsstoffen T2 - Tagungsband, 6. Wissenschaftskongress Abfall- und Ressourcenwirtschaft, am 10. und 11. März 2016 in Berlin N2 - Mit der Novellierung des Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetzes (EEG) im Jahr 2014 und der flächendeckenden Einführung der getrennten Erfassung der Bioabfälle seit 2015 (Kreislaufwirtschaftsgesetz 2012) wurden deutliche Anreize für die Verwendung von organischen Reststoffen zur Biogaserzeugung gesetzt. Ein verstärkter Einsatz von Bioabfällen als Gärsubstrat ist zu erwarten. Die festen Gärrückstände sollen im Sinne der Kreislaufwirtschaft als organischer Bodenverbesserer auf landwirtschaftliche Flächen rückgeführt werden. Die vorgestellte Forschungsarbeit dient der Untersuchung von Aufbereitungsmöglichkeiten der festen Gärrückstände aus der Bioabfallvergärung und soll insbesondere die Zusammenhänge zwischen Vergärung, Aufbereitung und anschließender Bodenwirkung klarstellen. KW - Gärrestaufbereitung KW - Anaerobe Bioabfallbehandlung Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-00-052365-6 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Abfallwirtschaft e.V. CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Knoop, Christine A1 - Dietrich, Nils A1 - Heinrich, Martina A1 - Dornack, Christina A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Conditioning of residues from anaerobic digestion of municipal organic waste with regard to its use as soil amendment T2 - 24th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, Amsterdam, 6-9 June 2016, Book of abstracts N2 - The structural degradation of agricultural soils is an increasing problem of our times caused by intense land use. The treatment of soils with organic amendments shall maintain and improve long-term soil fertility. Solid residues from anaerobic digestion of municipal organic waste are rich in nutrients and organic matter and have a promising potential to be used as soil amendment. Less is known about characteristics of solid residues from organic waste digestion as composting of organic waste materials is still common. Before digestion residues can be applied to soils they need to be conditioned as they have a high impurity content (especially plastic bags and packaging materials) and need to meet the requirements of German regulation on biowaste (Bioabfallverordnung). Our research is investigating on conditioning methods for solid residues of municipal organic waste digestion with regard to the potential effect of products on soil structure, soil water regime and nutrient supply. Investigations have been made with different digestion residues from lab scale, semi-industrial and industrial scale biogas plants. Conditioning methods have been tested using our in-lab treatment facilities consisting of a drying, composting, sieving and pelletizing unit. Preliminary results show that drying and pelletizing measures influence hydrophobicity of digestion residues. As water repellency directly affects water flow and soil moisture this is a determining parameter regarding the amendment performance of conditioned products. Y1 - 2016 SP - S. 37 CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dietrich, Nils A1 - Knoop, Christine A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Krümmelbein, Julia T1 - Influence of soil amendments made from digestate on soil physics and the growth of spring wheat T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria, 17 April – 22 May 2016 N2 - Every year 13 million tons of organic wastes accumulate in Germany. These wastes are a potential alternative for the production of energy in biogas plants, especially because the financial subventions for the cultivation of renewable resources for energy production were omitted in 2014. The production of energy from biomass and organic wastes in biogas plants results in the accumulation of digestate and therefore causes the need for a sustainable strategy of the utilization of these residues. Within the scope of the BMBF-funded project ‘VeNGA - Investigations for recovery and nutrient use as well as soil and plant-related effects of digestate from waste fermentation’ the application of processed digestate as soil amendments is examined. Therefore we tested four different mechanical treatment processes (rolled pellets, pressed pellets, shredded compost and sieved compost) to produce soil amendments from digestate with regard to their impact on soil physics, soil chemistry and the interactions between plants and soil. Pot experiments with soil amendments were performed in the greenhouse experiment with spring wheat and in field trials with millet, mustard and forage rye. After the first year of the experiment, preliminary results indicate a positive effect of the sieved compost and the rolled pellets on biomass yield of spring wheat as compared to the other variations. First results from the Investigation on soil physics show that rolled pellets have a positive effect on the soil properties by influencing size and distribution of pores resulting in an increased water holding capacity. Further ongoing enhancements of the physical and chemical properties of the soil amendments indicate promising results regarding the ecological effects by increased root growth of spring wheat. Y1 - 2016 N1 - EGU2016-13395-1 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Knoop, Christine A1 - Dietrich, Nils A1 - Heinrich, Martina A1 - Dornack, Christina A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Conditioning of solid residues from anaerobic digestion of municipal organic waste with regard to its use as soil amendment T2 - Venice 2016, 6th International Symposium on Energy from Biomass and Waste 2016, Venice, Italy, 14-17 November 2016 N2 - To prevent structural degradation of agricultural soils and to maintain and improve long-term soil fertility the application of organic soil amendments is a common measure. Solid residues from anaerobic digestion of organic household waste are rich in nutrients and organic matter and have a promising potential to be used as soil amendment. However, less is known about characteristics of solid residues from organic household waste digestion and the effects of conditioning measures on substrate quality and amendment performance in soil. Before digestion residues can be applied to agricultural soils in Germany, they need to meet the requirements of Biowaste Ordinance (BioAbfV). Conditioning mainly focuses on reducing impurity content (especially plastic bags and packaging materials), securing hygiene of residues, reducing water content and developing tradable products. We studied the effect of drying, composting, sieving and pelletisation on final product characteristics. Investigations have been examined with solid digestates, composted digestates and pelletized digestates originating from the same organic waste input. Samples were retrieved from a semi-industrial biogas plant of the company GICON (Gemany) and a composting plant of the company Becker Umweltdienste (Germany). Investigations show that characteristics of organic household waste undergo a clear change during anaerobic digestion and subsequent composting of the digestate. The final composted product will mainly contribute to long-term development of soil fertiliy. The improvement of waste quality is the most important measure to ensure the provision of high-quality soil amendments. Investigations on the impact of digestate products on soil-water-regime however did not show a clear advantage of pelletized products over loose material. KW - anaerobic digestion KW - organic household waste KW - digestate treatment KW - pellets KW - soil amendment Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-88-6265-007-6 PB - CISA Publisher CY - Padova ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kappler, Christoph A1 - Kaiser, Knut A1 - Küster, Mathias A1 - Fülling, Alexander A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Evaluating the timing of late Quaternary geomorphodynamics and soil formation: a review of geochronological data from northeastern Germany T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria, 17 April – 22 May 2016 Y1 - 2016 N1 - EGU2016-1129 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schwab, Markus A1 - Brauer, Achim A1 - Błaszkiewicz, Mirosław A1 - Blume, Theresa A1 - Itzerott, Sibylle A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Wilmking, Martin T1 - ICLEA - The Virtual Institute of Integrated Climate and Landscape Evolution Analyses T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria, 17 April – 22 May 2016 Y1 - 2016 N1 - EGU2016-4926 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Bauriegel, Albrecht A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Occurrence, micromorphology, and soil chemistry of Fuchserden (Rhodic Arenosols) on sandy deposits in northeastern Germany T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria N2 - In the sandy deposits from the Late Pleistocene in the Northern European lowlands, the local appearance of red subsoils emerges the question of their formation and palaeoenvironmental significance. According to the WRB this soil is classified as Rhodic Arenosols, but in the German Guidelines for Soil Mapping this soil is still unconsidered because the age and genesis is unclear. Due to the intense red subsoil, the working title of this soil is ‘Fuchserde’. Whereas rubefication is a characteristic feature of soils in regions with warm and dry summers like in the Mediterranean, the occurrence of red subsoil horizons containing hematite in soils in northeastern Germany is not an indicator for tropic or Mediterranean climate conditions. Already the appearance of Fuchserden on sandy deposits from the last glaciation objects earlier theories that consider these soils as a relictic soil formation from the last interglacial or even the Palaeogene or Neogene. To characterize the genesis of the Fuchserden, we focused on four different study sites in northeastern Germany. We present our findings from soil micromorphology and the identification of the iron(hydr)oxides by FTIR. Our results give new insights on the development of the Fuchserden and the importance of lateral input of iron for their genesis. Y1 - 2017 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2017/EGU2017-4000-1.pdf N1 - EGU2017-4000-1 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schwab, Markus A1 - Brauer, Achim A1 - Błaszkiewicz, Mirosław A1 - Blume, Theresa A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Wilmking, Martin T1 - ICLEA - The Virtual Institute of Integrated Climate and Landscape Evolution Analyses T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria N2 - Since 2012, the partner of the virtual institute ICLEA from Germany and Poland view on past changes as natural experiments as a guidebook for better anticipation of future changes and their impacts. Since the natural evolution became increasingly superimposed by human impacts since the Neolithic we include an in-depth discussion of impacts of climate and environment change on societies and vice versa. Understanding causes and effects of present-day climate change on landscapes and the human habitat faces two main challenges, (I) too short time series of instrumental observation that do not cover the full range of variability since mechanisms of climate change and landscape evolution work on different time scales, which often not susceptible to human perception, and, (II) distinct regional differences due to the location with respect to oceanic/continental climatic influences, the geological underground, and the history and intensity of anthropogenic land-use. Both challenges are central for the ICLEA research strategy and demand a high degree of interdisciplinary. In particular, the need to link observations and measurements of ongoing changes with information from the past taken from natural archives requires joint work of scientists with very different time perspectives. On the one hand, scientists that work at geological time scales of thousands and more years and, on the other hand, those observing and investigating recent processes at short time scales. Five complementary work packages (WP) are established according to the key research aspects: WP 1 focused on monitoring mainly hydrology and soil moisture as well as meteorological parameters. WP 2 is linking present day and future monitoring data with the most recent past through analyzing satellite images. This WP will further provide larger spatial scales. WP 3-5 are focused on different natural archives to obtain a broad variety of high quality proxy data. Tree rings provide sub-seasonal data for the last centuries up to few millennia, varved lake sediments cover the entire research time interval at seasonal to decadal resolution and palaeosoils and geomorphological features also cover the entire period but not continuously and with lower resolution. Complementary information, like climate, tree ecophysiological and limnological data etc., are provided by cooperation with associated partners. In these five WP the partner focusing their research capacities and expertise in ICLEA. We offers young researchers an interdisciplinary and structured education and promote their early independence through coaching and mentoring. Postdoctoral rotation positions promote dissemination of information and expertise between disciplines. ICLEA results are published in about 80 peer reviewed scientific articles and available for the scientific community. The long-term mission of the Virtual Institute is to provide a substantiated data basis for sustained environmental maintenance based on a profound process understanding at all relevant time scales. Aim is to explore processes of climate and landscape evolution in an historical cultural landscape extending from northeastern Germany into northwestern Poland. The northern-central European lowlands is facilitated as a natural laboratory providing an ideal case for utilizing a systematic and holistic approach. Further information about ICLEA: www.iclea.de Y1 - 2017 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2017/EGU2017-16771.pdf N1 - EGU2017-16771 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Feasibility of diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier spectroscopy (DRIFTS) to quantify iron-cyanide (Fe-CN) complexes in soil T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria N2 - Contaminated sites create a significant risk to human health, by poisoning drinking water, soil, air and as a consequence food. Continuous release of persistent iron-cyanide (Fe-CN) complexes from various industrial sources poses a high hazard to the environment and indicates the necessity to analyze considerable amount of samples. At the present time quantitative determination of Fe-CN concentration in soil usually requires a time consuming two step process: digestion of the sample (e.g., micro distillation system) and its analytical detection performed, e.g., by automated spectrophotometrical flow injection analysis (FIA). In order to determine the feasibility of diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier spectroscopy (DRIFTS) to quantify the Fe-CN complexes in soil matrix, 42 soil samples were collected (8 to 12.520 mg kg-1CN) indicating single symmetrical CN band in the range 2092 - 2084 cm-1. Partial least squares (PLS) calibration-validation model revealed IR response to CNtot exceeding 1268 mg kg-1 (limit of detection, LOD). Subsequently, leave-one-out cross-validation (LOO-CV) was performed on soil samples containing low CNtot (<900 mg kg-1), which improved the sensitivity of the model by reducing the LOD to 154 mg kg-1. Finally, the LOO-CV conducted on the samples with CNtot >900 mg kg-1 resulted in LOD equal to 3494 mg kg-1. Our results indicate that spectroscopic data in combination with PLS statistics can efficiently be used to predict Fe-CN concentrations in soil. We conclude that the protocol applied in this study can strongly reduce the time and costs essential for the spatial and vertical screening of the site affected by complexed Fe-CN. Y1 - 2017 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2017/EGU2017-6995.pdf N1 - EGU2017-6995 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dietrich, Nils A1 - Knoop, Christine A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Effect of differently pelletized digestate on the plant growth of spring wheat T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria N2 - In Germany, biowaste is used in more than 100 biogas plants and has increasing potential as a fermentation substrate. To optimise waste cycle management organic digestates should be redistributed and innovative products for soil amendment of agricultural areas could be developed. The BMBF-funded VeNGA project seeks to find answers on how to improve the properties of soil amendments produced from fermentation residues. Here, we report findings from our study that focuses on plant growth and soil development. Within a three-month rhizotron experiment, the influence of differently prepared fermentation residues on the root development of summer wheat was investigated. The four variants of the prepared digestate (rolled pellet, pressed pellet, shredded, loose) were tested under constant conditions in the greenhouse on two soils with different textures (sandy and loamy-sand). All fermentation residues originated from the same batch and were composted before the preparation to ensure adequate hygienisation. Depending on preparation type and soil substrate significant differences in root growth and root development have been observed. Plant growth was most intense in the rhizotron experiment with the loose digestate, indicating high nutrient availability due to the large surface area of the organic matter. Plant growth in the substrate with the rolled and pressed pellets was less pronounced, indicating a more persistent stability of the pellets. In rhizotrons applied with rolled and pressed pellets root growth into the mineral fabric was significantly lower in sandy substrate than in the loamy-sand. However, in the sandy substrate root growth within the rolled pellets was more intense than in the substrate with the pressed pellets. Obviously, the different production techniques of the pellets seem to have an influence on the rooting of the pellets and facilitate the long term stability of soil organic carbon. Furthermore, the comparison of the two different textures indicate, that sandy substrates benefit more from the positive effects of soil amendments on increased water retention than loamy substrates. Y1 - 2017 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2017/EGU2017-6421.pdf N1 - EGU2017-6421 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Dietrich, Nils A1 - Knoop, Christine A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Micromorphology of pelletized soil conditioners T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria N2 - Soil conditioners produced by anaerobic digestion and subsequent composting of organic household waste, bear the potential to improve unproductive farmland together with a reduced input risk of unwanted pollutants into the soils. Within the VeNGA project (http://www.biogas-network.de/venga), soil conditioners from anaerobically digested organic household waste are tested for their potential to increase plant growth in glasshouse and field experiments. Because the production techniques of these soil conditioners may influence their physical and chemical behaviour in the soil, two different techniques for pelletizing the soil conditioners where applied. We present findings from a pot experiment with cereal that has been sampled after two months for micromorphological analyses.We visualize the decomposition and the physical behaviour of the soil conditioners. Pellets produced in an agglomeration mixer result in dense balls, that are only slightly decomposed after the trial. But the soil conditioners created under pressure in a screw extruder are rich in voids and have the potential of retaining more soil water. Y1 - 2017 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2017/EGU2017-3996.pdf N1 - EGU2017-3996 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - The Finow soil – a stratigraphic marker or just a pedologic horizon? T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria N2 - Palaeosoils indicate periods of landscape stability, and therefore warmer periods during the cold climate conditions of the Late Pleistocene, when pedogenic processes can shape the surface. Therefore, in Late Pleistocene glacial and periglacial deposits, palaeosoils are widely used as chronostratigraphic markers. However, in contrast to limnic archives the records in terrestrial sediments are often discontinuous or ambiguous. The so called Finow soil is commonly found as 5 to 15 cm thick and fossilized horizon, characterized by brunification and the illuviation of clay in the sandy deposits of Northern Central Europe. We present a micromorpological approach together with OSL ages, that contradicts the stratigraphic potential of the Finow soil and also questions the suitability of soil horizons formed by clay illuviation as stratigraphic markers. Y1 - 2017 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2017/EGU2017-3997.pdf N1 - EGU2017-3997 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Quick detection and quantification of iron-cyanide complexes using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy T2 - Environmental Pollution N2 - The continuous release of persistent iron-cyanide (Fe-CN) complexes from various industrial sources poses a high hazard to the environment and indicates the necessity to analyze a considerable amount of samples. Conventional flow injection analysis (FIA) is a time and cost consuming method for cyanide (CN) determination. Thus, a rapid and economic alternative needs to be developed to quantify the Fe-CN complexes. 52 soil samples were collected at a former Manufactured Gas Plant (MGP) site in order to determine the feasibility of diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier spectroscopy (DRIFTS). Soil analysis revealed CN concentrations in a range from 8 to 14.809 mg kg⁻¹, where 97% was in the solid form (Fe₄[Fe(CN)₆]₃), which is characterized by a single symmetrical CN band in the range 2092-2084 cm-1. The partial least squares (PLS) calibration-validation model revealed IR response to CNtot which exceeds 2306 mg kg⁻¹(limit of detection, LOD). Leave-one-out cross-validation (LOO-CV) was performed on soil samples, which contained low CNtot (<900 mg kg⁻¹). This improved the sensitivity of the model by reducing the LOD to 154 mg kg⁻¹. Finally, the LOO-CV conducted on the samples with CNtot > 900 mg kg⁻¹ resulted in LOD equal to 3751 mg kg⁻¹. It was found that FTIR spectroscopy provides the information concerning different CN species in the soil samples. Additionally, it is suitable for quantifying Fe-CN species in matrixes with CNtot > 154 mg kg⁻¹. Thus, FTIR spectroscopy, in combination with the statistical approach applied here seems to be a feasible and quick method for screening of contaminated sites. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.052 SN - 0269-7491 VL - 227 SP - 64 EP - 72 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Knoop, Christine A1 - Dornack, Christina A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Nutrient and heavy metal accumulation in municipal organic waste from separate collection during anaerobic digestion in a two-stage laboratory biogas plant T2 - Bioresource Technology Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.026 SN - 1873-2976 VL - 239 SP - 437 EP - 446 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Boldt-Burisch, Katja A1 - Pohle, Ina A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Advancing performance of green technologies for remediation and reclamation of degraded urban soils Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-944863-18-4 SN - 978-3-944863-19-1 PB - United Nations University, Institute for Integrated Management of Material Fluxes and of Resources CY - Dresden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Knoop, Christine A1 - Dornack, Christina A1 - Raab, Thomas ED - Bockreis, Anke T1 - Trocknen oder Kompostieren? Auswirkung auf die Düngeeigenschaften von Gärresten aus der Bioabfallvergärung T2 - Tagungsband 7. Wissenschaftskongress Abfall- und Ressourcenwirtschaft am 16. und 17. März 2017 an der RWTH Aachen N2 - Mit der Einführung der flächendeckenden Getrenntsammlung von Bioabfällen und im Zuge der Förderpolitikentwicklung unter dem EEG wird ein verstärkter Einsatz von Bioabfällen in Biogasanlagen erwartet. Die Gärreste sollen im Sinne der Kreislaufwirtschaft als organischer Bodenverbesserer eingesetzt werden. Neben inhaltlichen Anforderungen schreibt die BioAbfV eine Hygienisierung der Gärreste vor. Dies kann im Anschluss an die Vergärung durch Trocknung oder Kompostierung realisiert werden. Die vorgestellte Forschungsarbeit befasst sich mit Frage wie sich das gewählte Hygienisierungsverfahren auf die Düngeeigenschaften der Gärreste auswirkt. Für die Untersuchung wurden 3 Gärrestchargen aus einer 2-stufigen Biogasanlage (GICON-Biogastechnikum Cottbus) getrocknet (BTU Labor) und kompostiert (Kompostwerk Becker Umweltdienste). Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die getrockneten Gärreste einen höheren Anteil an sehr schnell verfügbaren, eluierbaren Nährstoffen und Schwermetallen aufweisen. Der Nmin-Gehalt des getrockneten Gärrestes ist ebenfalls höher. Durch die Kompostierung kommt es zur Aufkonzentration von Elementen im Gärrest. Diese weisen aber eine geringere Eluierbarkeit auf. Der Anteil an pflanzenverfügbarem P ist im kompostierten Gärrest höher. Auf die Verfügbarkeit von K hat das Aufbereitungsverfahren keinen signifikanten Einfluss. Beide Aufbereitungsverfahren bieten Vor- und Nachteile im Hinblick auf die potentielle Wirkung des Gärrestes auf Boden- und Pflanzenentwicklung. Eine eindeutige Empfehlung für ein Aufbereitungsverfahren kann daher nicht gegeben werden. Y1 - 2017 SN - 978-3-903122-78-9 SP - 131 EP - 135 PB - Innsbruck University Press CY - Innsbruck ET - 1. Auflage ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Heller, Sebastian A1 - Bauriegel, Albrecht T1 - Classification of pedogenic cementation in Podzols by pocket penetrometry T2 - Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science N2 - According to the German Soil Taxonomy, the formation of cemented horizons in Podzols is restricted to the precipitation of iron oxides. However, in iron-poor sandy substrates, also illuviation of only organic compounds can form cemented horizons with penetration resistances of up to 14 kg cm−2. We present a reproducible field test for classifying pedogenic cementation in Podzols and suggest considering cemented horizons (Bmh and Bhm) in the upcoming edition of the Guidelines for Soil Mapping. KW - field techniques KW - micromorphology KW - soil classification KW - soil development KW - soil systematics Y1 - 2017 UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jpln.201600395/abstract U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.201600395 SN - 1522-2624 VL - 180 IS - 4 SP - 430 EP - 435 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Bauriegel, Albrecht A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Fuchserden in Brandenburg – Vorkommen, Mikromorphologie und Bodenchemie T2 - Abstracts der Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, Göttingen, 2017 Y1 - 2017 UR - http://dbg17.abstract-dialog.de/search/abstract_detail.php?aId=360 PB - DBG CY - Göttingen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Der Finowboden – ein lokaler Paläoboden? T2 - Abstracts der Jahrestagung de Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, Göttingen, 2017 Y1 - 2017 UR - http://dbg17.abstract-dialog.de/search/abstract_detail.php?aId=360 PB - DBG CY - Göttingen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Knoop, Christine A1 - Dietrich, Nils A1 - Heinrich, Martina A1 - Dornack, Christina A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Degradation of soil amendments produced from municipal organic waste digestate during a two-year field study T2 - 25th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, Stockholm, 2017 N2 - The structural degradation of agricultural soils is an increasing problem of our times caused by intense land use. The treatment of soils with organic amendments shall maintain and improve long-term soil fertility. Solid residues from anaerobic digestion of municipal organic waste (MOW) are rich in nutrients and organic matter and have a promising potential to be used as soil amendment. Our research investigates the characteristics of differently treated amendments produced from MOW digestate. We want to know how long these amendments are present in the soil and which amendment type contributes most to nutrient provision after application. Results were obtained using four different MOW digestate amendments of one origin (loose, pelletized and agglomerated) during a 24-hours shaker-experiment and a bag-experiment on grassland, which was subsequently sampled over 21 months. Results show that short-term element leaching is higher from loose amendment and small agglomerates, probably caused by higher surface area und lower stability of these amendments. Biggest degradation effects can be seen 7 months after application to soil. However, all four amendments are still present after 21 months. Pelletized amendments are more degradation resistant than loose amendment, which may be advantageous regarding long-term effects e.g. on water holding capacity. In turn, loose material delivers a higher share of small organic particles to soil and may therefore have a higher contribution to humus development. Y1 - 2017 SN - 978-88-89407-17-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5071/25thEUBCE2017-4AV.2.14 SP - 1720 EP - 1723 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Knoop, Christine A1 - Dornack, Christina A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Effect of drying, composting and subsequent impurity removal by sieving on the properties of digestates from municipal organic waste T2 - Waste Management N2 - The application of organic soil amendments is a common measure to prevent structural degradation of agricultural soils and to maintain and improve long-term soil fertility. Solid residues from anaerobic digestion of municipal organic waste (MOW) are rich in nutrients and organic matter and have a promising potential to be used as soil amendment. However, no study has related amendment properties of MOW digestate of one origin to different treatment procedures. We therefore investigated the impact of drying, composting and sieving on final digestate properties and specifically nutrient availability and heavy metal and carbon elution. Samples were provided by a semi-industrial two-stage biogas plant with dry fermentation of MOW. Results confirm that in comparison to drying, composting of MOW digestates leads to a significant increase of K, P, Mg, Ca, Cd and Cr in the digestates. Sieving of composted digestates showed that heavy metals are not evenly distributed and that heavy metal concentration in the digestate increases with decreasing mesh sizes (highest concentrations in the fractions <1 mm). Although the element concentration is higher in composted batches, the water-extractability of nutrients, heavy metals and carbon is significantly lower from composted over dried digestates. A significant correlation was found between the dissolution of Zn, Ni, Ca and Mg and pH of eluate as well as dissolved organic carbon (DOC) release (R > 0.7, p < 0.05). Results confirm that the extent of carbon elution depends on the degradation rate of digestates. DOC may therefore be a good measure to evaluate digestate stability and to decide on treatment measures. KW - Municipal organic waste KW - Anaerobic digestion KW - Digestate treatment KW - Nutrient and heavy metal elution KW - Dissolved organic carbon KW - Digestate properties Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2017.11.022 SN - 1879-2456 VL - 72 SP - 168 EP - 177 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Knoop, Christine A1 - Tietze, Michael A1 - Dornack, Christina A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Fate of nutrients and heavy metals during two-stage digestion and aerobic post-treatment of municipal organic waste T2 - Bioresource Technology N2 - The biogas technology is a promising approach for the recovery of energy and fertilizer from municipal organic waste (MOW). However, only scarce information on the development of initial nutrient and heavy metal loads during processing is available. Therefore, this study investigates properties of source-separated MOW during treatment in a semi-industrial scale two-stage biogas plant and subsequent digestate composting including impurities removal. Data from 15 batch experiments was investigated by material and substance flow analysis. Results of this study have shown that about 40% of nutrients contained in the MOW inflow are mineralized during anaerobic and subsequent aerobic treatment. A higher nutrient release was observed during the anaerobic treatment step. Additionally, impurities removal causes a significant reduction of final nutrient content. Heavy metal analysis confirmed a high heterogeneity of contamination levels. However, digestion and composting do not seem to significantly impact on total heavy metal loads in the substrate flow. KW - MOW KW - Digestate treatment KW - Composting KW - Substance flow analysis KW - Nutrient transfer KW - Heavy metals Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.12.019 SN - 1873-2976 VL - 251 SP - 238 EP - 248 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Howard, Andy A1 - Knight, David A1 - Gearey, Ben A1 - Kluiving, Sjoerd A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - The Impacts of Climate and Environmental Change on the Historic Environment T2 - The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/17567505.2017.1325158 SN - 1756-7513 SN - 1756-7505 VL - 8 IS - 2 SP - 87 EP - 88 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Distel, Henrik A1 - Naeth, M. Anne A1 - Bonhage, Alexander T1 - Modelling Late Quaternary Soil Development Considering Slope Aspects in the Rumsey Area (Alberta, Canada) T2 - Soil Science Society of America, International Soils Meeting, Soils Across Latitudes, San Diego 2019 Y1 - 2019 UR - https://scisoc.confex.com/scisoc/2019sssa/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/114849 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hirsch, Florian T1 - Towards an International Genetic Classification of Pleistocene Periglacial Slope Deposits (PPSDs) T2 - Soil Science Society of America, International Soils Meeting, Soils Across Latitudes, San Diego 2019 Y1 - 2019 UR - https://scisoc.confex.com/scisoc/2019sssa/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/114846 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Zur Bedeutung der historischen Montanwirtschaft für die Landschaftsentwicklung und Geoökologie des Vilstals in der Oberpfalz T2 - Beiträge zur Archäologie in der Oberpfalz und in Regensburg Y1 - 2018 SN - 1617-4461 VL - 12 IS - 59 SP - 319 EP - 336 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kappler, Christoph A1 - Kaiser, Knut A1 - Küster, Mathias A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Fülling, Alexander A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Late Pleistocene and Holocene terrestrial geomorphodynamics and soil formation in northeastern Germany: a review of geochronological data T2 - Physical geography N2 - This study is based on 616 geochronological ages from aeolian and colluvial sediments as well as paleosols, representing the largest database of geochronological data from northeastern Germany available to date. Cumulative probability density functions for radiocarbon data and kernel density estimates for luminescence data were created covering the last 15 ka. The data analysis aimed at the identification of changes and their drivers in geomorphodynamics and soil formation. The ages representing aeolian activity cluster in the Late Glacial, the Early Holocene, and the Late Holocene, where the first two clusters are assumed to result mostly from climatic impact with only a minor share of human impact triggering the mobilization of aeolian sediments. The third cluster is considered to result mainly from human impact. The Late Glacial to Early Holocene activity phase is interrupted by a phase of surface stability around 11.5–12.7 ka, which is indicated by the occurrence of initial soil formations of Finow and Usselo types. Colluvial sedimentation predominantly occurred during the last 7 ka and clearly accelerated since the last 1000 a. According to the ages of specific paleosol types, related soilforming processes started already in the Late Glacial and were completed in the Holocene. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/02723646.2019.1573621 SN - 1930-0557 VL - 40 IS - 5 SP - 405 EP - 432 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Distel, Henrik A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Naeth, M. Anne T1 - Effects of slope aspect on soil development in the Canadian prairies: a digital approach T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria, 7–12 April 2019 Y1 - 2019 UR - https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2019/EGU2019-3291.pdf CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Distel, Henrik A1 - Naeth, M. Anne T1 - Dynamics of pedogenic carbonates and their relation to slope aspects in the Rumsey area (Alberta, Canada) T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria, 7–12 April 2019 Y1 - 2019 UR - https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2019/EGU2019-2302-1.pdf CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Knoop, Christine A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Effect of the post treatments for biowaste‐based digestateson water solubility of nutrients and iron‐cyanide (Fe‐CN)complex mobility T2 - Land Degradation & Development N2 - With recent policy developments, an increase in organic waste utilization is expected. However, the use of organic amendments to reduce the mobility of iron‐cyanide (Fe‐CN) complexes and simultaneously promote vegetation growth has not been studied before. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of (a) drying, (b) composting, and (c) pelletizing on the ability of digestates (biowastes from an anaerobic treatment of municipal organic waste) to provide easily available nutrients and stabilize Fe‐CN complexes. Extraction with deionized water resulted in a considerably higher nutrient and carbon elution from air‐dried and oven‐dried digestates (50% dry matter [DM] of total K, 11% DM Mg, 7% DM Ca, and 6% DM C). Mixer‐pelletized digestates stand out among the composted samples (42% of total K, 3% DM C, 5% DM P, 1.5% DM Mg, and 1% DM Ca). The adsorption experiment showed the highest significant tot. CN conc. reduction using noncomposted, air‐dried (100%), and oven‐dried (82%) digestates. Significant correlations have been found for Mg, Ca, and dissolved organic carbon elution and slightly acidic pH as well as CN adsorption. The Fourier transform infrared analysis revealed Fe‐CN complexation on inorganic (K₂Mn[Feᴵᴵ(CN)₆] and NH₄Fe[Feᴵᴵ(CN)₆]) and organic constituents indicating formation of nitriles. Air‐ and oven‐dried digestates showed the most promising results in terms of nutrients' availability and ability to decrease Fe‐CN complex mobility. Y1 - 2019 UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ldr.3336 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.3336 SN - 1099-145X VL - 30 IS - 13 SP - 1545 EP - 1553 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Dietrich, Nils A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Heinrich, Martina A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Bodenverbesserer aus Bioabfall –Potenzial aufbereiteter Gärrestprodukte aus der Bioabfallvergärung für die C-und N-Freisetzung im Boden T2 - Abstract-Band, Jahrestagung der Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft der Schweizund der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen GesellschaftBern, 24.–29. August 2019 N2 - Die starke Beanspruchung unserer Böden durch intensive Landnutzung führt weltweit zur stetigen Degradation der organischen Substanz in Böden, was mit einem Rückgang des Bodenlebens und der Bodenfruchtbarkeit einhergeht. Um die Bodenfunktionen zu schützen und besonders die Produktivität von Böden langfristig zu gewährleisten, bedarf es der Rückführung von organischer Substanz. Neben klassischen Strategien (Kompost/Dung/Gülle-Einträge) stellen auch organische Abfälle der Lebensmittelproduktionund -verwertung aus Industrie und privaten Haushalten einen wertvollen Rohstoff dar, der zur Anreicherung oder Wiederaufbau von Bodenhumus genutzt werden kann. Im Rahmen des von der ILB geförderten EFRE-StaF-Projektes Gärprodukte aus Bioabfällen für die Landwirtschaft als Element einer nachhaltigen Ernährungswirtschaft und Energiebereitstellung soll das Potenzial bewertet werden, das mittels Rollagglomeration hergestellte Gärrestpellets besitzen, um Stickstoff und Kohlenstoff in Böden anreichern zu können.Darüber hinaus soll die Technologie der Pelletherstellung optimiert werden, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf der gezielten Zugabe von organischen und mineralischen Zuschlagsstoffen liegt. Untersucht werden Gärreste aus der Bioabfallvergärung (Pfropfenstromfermenter) mit einer nachgelagerten Kompostierung im Labor-Technikum unter Zugabe von Zuschlagsstoffen (Melasse, Holzkohle, Bentonit, etc.) bei der Pelletierung. Das Abbauverhalten der so hergestellten Gärrestpellets im Boden wird mit Hilfe eines Säulenversuchs unter Berücksichtigung von Bodenart, Ausbringtiefe, Ausbringmenge, Boden-pH, Bodenfeuchte, Perkolationsrate, Temperatur, etc. betrachtet. Dabei liegt der Fokus auf der Freisetzung von Kohlenstoff und Stickstoff sowohl im Eluat als auch in der Bodenluft. Bisherige Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Gärreste durch Pelletierung deutlich abbaustabiler werden und der Abbau der Gärrestpellets durch die Zuschlagsstoffe gezielt beeinflusst werden kann. Des Weiteren besitzen die pelletierten Gärreste verbesserte Lager-, Transport-und Applikationseigenschaften, die besonders bei der ökonomischen Bewertung des Produkts sich als positiv darstellen. Y1 - 2019 UR - https://www.dbges.de/de/system/files/Bern2019/Programmheft/abstractband.dbg2019_2.pdf SP - S. 434 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Bauriegel, Albrecht A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Genese rubefizierter Böden in Mitteleuropa –multifaktorieller Säulenversuch und feldbodenkundliche Kartierung T2 - Abstract-Band, Jahrestagung der Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft der Schweizund der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen GesellschaftBern, 24.–29. August 2019 N2 - Rubefizierte Böden wie die für Nordostdeutschland beschriebenen ‚Fuchserden‘ (WRB: Rhodic Brunic Arenosols oder Chromic Brunic Arenosols) sind nicht nur ein lokales Phänomen. Auch wenn die Genese der ‚Fuchserden‘ bisher nicht abschließend geklärt ist, so widerlegt deren Vorkommen auf post-LGM zeitlichen Sedimenten eine prä-pleistozäne Bodenbildung. Des Weiteren zeigen die bisherigen Untersuchungen in Nordostdeutschland und Polen, dass Fuchserden nicht durch in-situ Verwitterung entstanden sind, sondern dassdie rubefizierten Horizonte durch eine allochthone Anreicherung von Eisen entstanden sind und somit das Relief ein wesentlicher bodenbildender Faktor ist. Darüber hinaus scheint die Textur für die laterale Verlagerung bzw. Anreicherung immanent für die Genese der Fuchserden zu sein, da rubefizierte Horizonte zumindest auf den untersuchten Standorten in Nordostdeutschland bisher ausschließlich auf sandigem Substrat anzutreffen sind. Um die für die Genese der Fuchserden relevanten physiogeographischen und pedochemischen Parameter zu identifizieren, soll mittels einer Kombination aus feldbodenkundlicher Kartierung und nachgestellten Säulenversuchen im Labor die Bildung von Fuchserden unter kontrollierten Bedingungen untersucht werden. Hierfür werden neben bekannten Profilen bisher nicht weiter beschriebene Standorte mit Fuchserden feldbodenkundlich aufgenommen, um eine größere Breite naturräumlicher Daten bzw. verschiedener Entstehungsbedingungen zu erhalten. Varianten mit unterschiedlichen physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften von Ausgangssubstraten sowie Reliefpositionen bilden die Basis für einen mehrfaktoriellen Säulenversuch, der unter naturnahen Bedingungen in der Klimakammer stattfindet. Derzeit laufende Vorversuche zeigen, dass eine Ausfällung rötlicher Eisenoxiden aus eisenhaltigen Lösungen im Kapillarbereich sandiger Substrate bereits innerhalb weniger Wochen stattfindet und die Entstehung von rubefizierten Horizonten in Fuchserden möglicherweise durch die Anlieferung eisenhaltiger Lösungen limitiert ist. Y1 - 2019 UR - https://www.dbges.de/de/system/files/Bern2019/Programmheft/abstractband.dbg2019_2.pdf SP - S. 438 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Jonczak, Jerzy A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Phytofiltration of chosen metals by aquarium liverwort (Monosoleum tenerum) T2 - Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety N2 - Aquatic bryophytes are widely used as indicators of water pollution with various substances, including metals. We present a first study concerning the feasibility of Monosoleum tenerum to remove potentially toxic metals Zn, Cu, Ni, Mn and Fe from water. The novel approach to study the bioaccumulation under controlled conditions and in vitro grown aquarium liverworts was applied. The plants were exposed to 1, 10 and 100 ppm multi-metal solution for 7 days and subsequently the metal content was determined in plant material and media to calculate the bioaccumulation factor (BAF). The study revealed various accumulation behavior (metal and dose dependent), which followed the order of Cu > Zn > Mn > Ni > Fe for 1 ppm; Zn > Cu > Mn > Fe > Ni for 10 ppm and Cu > Fe > Zn > Ni > Mn for 100 ppm solution. However, with increasing Cu, Mn and Ni concentration in the solution, BAF decreased. For Zn the highest BAF value (136) was obtained for the 10 ppm solution. Fe bioaccumulation increased with the increasing solution concentration. After 7 week exposure, the results indicated highest accumulation of Cu (3,25 mg) followed by Fe (1,8 mg) in the plant tissue for the 100 ppm solution. Overall, the bryophyte M. tenerum demonstrate high potential for the removal of toxic metals from the multi-metal solution via accumulation in plant tissue. The BAF values were proper to indicate the use of M. tenerum for phytofiltration of waste waters affected by Zn, Cu, Ni, Mn and Fe. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109844 SN - 1090-2414 SN - 0147-6513 VL - Vol. 188 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Drohan, Patrick J. A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hirsch, Florian T1 - Distribution of silty mantles in soils of the Northcentral Appalachians, USA T2 - Catena Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2020.104701 SN - 0341-8162 VL - 194 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Jonczak, Jerzy A1 - Parzych, Agnieszka A1 - Šimanský, Vladimír A1 - Polláková, Nora A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Accumulation of airborne potentially toxic elements in Pinus sylvestris L. bark collected in three Central European medium-sized cities T2 - Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110758 SN - 0147-6513 VL - 200 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jonczak, Jerzy A1 - Jankiewicz, Ursula A1 - Kondras, Marek A1 - Kruczkowska, Bogusława A1 - Oktaba, Lidia A1 - Oktaba, Jarosław A1 - Olejniczak, Izabella A1 - Pawłowicz, Edyta A1 - Polláková, Nora A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Regulska, Edyta A1 - Słowińska, Sandra A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena T1 - The influence of birch trees (Betula spp.) on soil environment – A review T2 - Forest Ecology and Management Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118486 SN - 0378-1127 VL - 477 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Eltaher, Mahmoud A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Breuß, Michael T1 - A modified Mask R-CNN approach for automated detection of archaeological sites on high resolution LiDAR-derived DEMs T2 - Anthropogenetische Geomorphologie - Geomorophologie im Anthropozän : Virtuelle Jahrestagung des Arbeitskreises für Geomorphologie 2020, 28./29. September 2020, BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg KW - Anthropogenetische Geomorphologie; Anthropozän; BTU; Geopedologie Anthropocene; Anthropogenic geomorphology; Geopedology Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-53633 SN - 2196-4122 SP - 50 PB - Cottbus ER - TY - GEN A1 - Klos, Friederike A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hirsch, Florian T1 - Innovative Drone-based Hyperspectral Detection of Heavy Metals (Ni, Zn, and Cu) in Plants cultivated for Phytomining T2 - EGU General Assembly 2020, Online | 4–8 May 2020 Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-9370 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Knoop, Christine A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Effect of drying, composing and pelletizing of biowaste-based digestates on providing water soluble nutrients and stabilizing iron-cyanide (Fe-CN) complexes T2 - EGU General Assembly 2020, Online | 4–8 May 2020 Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-8013 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Matvejeva, Agne A1 - Dietrich, Nils A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Cultivation of industrial hemp using solid and liquid residues from municipal composting T2 - EGU General Assembly 2020, Online | 4–8 May 2020 Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-19138 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Drohan, Patrick J. A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hirsch, Florian T1 - The presence of silty mantles in Northcentral Appalachian, USA soils and their relevance to pedology T2 - EGU General Assembly 2020 Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-5661 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Dietrich, Nils A1 - Wilkinson, Daniel A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Geschke, Antonia A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Microplastics and earthworms in soils: A case study on translocation, toxicity and fate T2 - EGU General Assembly 2020 Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-7430 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Błaszkiewicz, Mirosław T1 - Evidence for an alternative concept of the Finow soil formation T2 - Catena Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2020.105064 SN - 0008-7769 SN - 1872-6887 VL - 198 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Drohan, Patrick J. A1 - Bayuzick, Samuel A1 - Diefenbach, Duane A1 - McDill, Marc A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Bonhage, Alexander T1 - Northern Appalachian, USA relic charcoal hearths and their unique Ecological Fingerprint T2 - EGU General Assembly 2021 Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-13618 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bayuzick, Samuel A1 - Drohan, Patrick J. A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - McDill, Marc A1 - Diefenbach, Duane T1 - Relic charcoal hearths geomorphology and hydrology in mid-Appalachian region of Pennsylvania T2 - EGU General Assembly 2021 Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-6243 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Bayuzick, Samuel A1 - Drohan, Patrick J. A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Relict charcoal hearth landscape and soil profile characteristics surrounding a mid-19th century Appalachian iron furnace T2 - EGU General Assembly 2021 Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-5691 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kaestner, Friederike A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Feilhauer, Hannes A1 - Chabrillat, Sabine T1 - Remediation-related monitoring of heavy metal concentration of contaminated Technosol using hyperspectral measurements T2 - EGU General Assembly 2021 Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-11479 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ramezany, Shaghayegh A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Klos, Friederike A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Using Modified Tessier Scheme to Metal Speciation in a Former Sewage Farm and interpretation of the sequential extraction by FTIR T2 - EGU General Assembly 2021 Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-6482 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Ramezany, Shaghayegh A1 - Klos, Friederike A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Spatial and vertical determination of chosen potentially toxic metals and soil properties on a former sewage farm near Berlin T2 - EGU General Assembly 2021 Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-4220 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Ramezany, Shaghayegh A1 - Kästner, Friederike A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Feasibility of pXRF to evaluate chosen heavy metals in soil highly influenced by municipal waste disposal - a Former Sewage Farm Monitoring Study T2 - Land Degradation & Development Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.4147 SN - 1099-145X VL - 33 IS - 3 SP - 439 EP - 451 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Ramezany, Shaghayegh A1 - Kästner, Friederike A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Heinrich, Martina A1 - Grimm, Mark T1 - Using modified Tessier sequential extraction to specify potentially toxic metals at a former sewage farm T2 - Journal of Environmental Management Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114229 SN - 1095-8630 SN - 0301-4797 VL - 304 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kästner, Friederike A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Ramezany, Shaghayegh A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Feilhauer, Hannes A1 - Chabrillat, Sabine T1 - Estimating heavy metal concentrations in Technosols with reflectance spectroscopy T2 - Geoderma Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115512 SN - 0016-7061 VL - 406 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sekhri, Simran A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Drohan, Patrick J. T1 - A Model Approach Assessing The Soil Properties Of Raised Bed Landscapes T2 - EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23–27 May 2022 N2 - Common anthropogenic surface features across Scotland and Ireland are raised beds, which are agronomic ridges and furrows created prior to the 20th century to improve agricultural yield. Creating a raised bed improves yield by providing to the root zone better soil drainage, suitable micro-climatic conditions, and enrichment of organic matter and nutrients. Raised beds are structurally identifiable and can be examined using remote sensing techniques such as LIDAR imagery or aerial photography to analyze different dimensions of raised bed units. We examined the geomorphic parameters (height, length, breadth, ridge shape, furrow depth, unit orientation and block size) of raised beds found in the Fancroft region of County Offlay, Ireland. We developed a model of raised bed structural components and the distribution and change in soil properties including soil drainage, texture, horizon differentiation, soil colour, nutrient distribution, organic matter movement and the carbon influx and outflow have been provided. Our study aims to elucidate the typical geomorphic properties of raised bed landscapes, their basic chemical and physical soil properties and the landform attributes that may influence soil properties. Overall, the conceptual basis of raised bed landscapes have been visualised and presented to formulate an ideal raised bed theoretical model. Such a comprehensive model can be further extended to learn more about ancient agricultural practices, heritage, a causal link between present day and historical farming practices. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-7137 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Drohan, Patrick J. A1 - Bayuzick, Samuel A1 - Guarin, Daniel A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Diefenbach, Duane A1 - McDill, Marc T1 - USA Appalachian relict charcoal hearths have complex landscape and pedologic patterns that are unique from surrounding forest ecosystems T2 - EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23–27 May 2022 N2 - Understanding how present-day abrupt change may alter forest ecosystem services is becoming more important due to ever-growing anthropogenic stresses. Forest managers trying the adapt to anthropogenic stress can benefit from the study and quantification of past abrupt changes in forests, especially when the legacy of past disturbance is still evident. Across the United Kingdom, Europe, and recently the northeastern United States, the examination of historic forest change due to charcoal manufacturing for the firing of iron or lime furnaces is yielding new insights relative to landscape stability, anthropogenic vs natural soil genesis, and forest evolution. A landscape classification process was used in the Central Appalachians (Pennsylvania) to identify 6,758 RCHs near Greenwood Furnace (Greenwood Furnace State Park) and Pine Grove Furnace (Pine Grove Furnace State Park). Topographic wetness index (TWI), and SAGA wetness index (SWI) were created using ~1m LiDAR data for two study areas to quantify surface hydrology effects and were compared to field soil volumetric water content (VWC) measurements. Modeled TWI and SWI values were different for RCH areas when compared to surrounding non-hearth areas indicating that RCHs were acting as a moisture sink. We also found that RCH platforms have different TWI and SWI values than rim areas. Using field measured volumetric water content, we found that as distance from the center of the RCH increases, the drier the soil becomes. Geomorphic position did not affect wetness. Surface soil samples were collected at 51 RCHs in the Greenwood Furnace study area. Laboratory analyses revealed that RCH soils have higher C content than surrounding native soils. Furthermore, while the pH of RCH soils is like native soils, the acidity is greater in RCHs. RCH soils at Greenwood Furnace were found to have lower Mehlich 3 P concentrations and lower K potentially effecting plant growth. RCH soils were found to have higher Ca concentration when compared to native soils. To examine within RCH differences in soil chemistry and morphology more closely, 8 of the 51 RCHs were sampled intensely along a topographic gradient. Control pits were excavated directly upslope from the RCHs. The RCHs were sampled in 5 positions across the hearth from the upslope to down slope position (A upslope rim of the RCH; B halfway point between A and C; C RCH center; D halfway C and E; E downslope rim of the RCH). Soil profiles were described and sampled at each position. The soil samples were analyzed for trace and rare earth element content (Aqua Regia digestion), soil pH (water) and fertility (Mehlich 3 extraction). Results indicated that RCHs are potentially a unique location of refugia for forest flora and perhaps fauna due to the unique geochemistry with higher bases and C and some concentrated metals and a higher soil water content hypothesized to be due to an observed restrictive morphology. Future research should more closely investigate whether RCHs support unique species assemblages and how they may play a role in enhancing today’s forest biodiversity. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-10315 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ramezany, Shaghayegh A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Comparing prediction algorithms in FTIR-based chemometric analysis to predict soil variables within centuries-old charcoal rich Technosols T2 - EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23–27 May 2022 N2 - As an alternative to the costly wet chemical analysis of soil, Machine Learning (ML) algorithms can be applied for the quantification of soil properties through prediction models. In this study, we evaluate the performances of the Random Forest (RF) algorithm and Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR), in the prediction of soil variables, including CEC, pH, total contents of C and N as wells as other elements (Al, Fe, Ca, Mn, Mg, K, and Na) based on FTIR-spectra of Relict Charcoal Hearth (RCH) soils and reference forest soils (Non-RCH). We investigate the effect of high quantities of charcoal in the soil on the prediction models. Preliminary results suggest that there is no significant difference in the results of prediction models for total N, C, and Fe contents, while the accuracy of PLSR in the prediction of pH, Mg, and Ca, and RF performance in prediction of pH and C decreased for RCH soils. Both algorithms demonstrate higher accuracies in the prediction of Al within the RCH soils. Prediction of CEC, Na, K, Mg (RF) within the RCH soils, Al (PLSR) for Non-RCH soils, and Mn and Ca (RF) for both soil types resulted in lower quality of predictions. It can be inferred from the results that the performance of FTIR-based prediction models can be affected by the presence of charcoal in soil due to the nature of spectral features reflecting the soil composition. The presence of charcoal in soil likely alters the absorption interference and peak overlaps, which can result in lower accuracy of the prediction models. In addition to the accuracy of the prediction models, we evaluate the reliability of the weighted wavenumbers (as important variables) in each prediction, which provides information about the correlation of spectral features and chemical properties. It can be studied through the Variable Importance Plot in RF and Variable Importance on Projection through PLSR (VIPs), which show high potential for studying soil composition and metal distribution in mineral and organic soil fractions despite the observed weaknesses in weighing wavenumbers in predictions. Therefore, we assess and compare the quality of information gained regarding soil chemical properties from the algorithms besides a sole quantification of soil parameters. Furthermore, we applied the developed prediction models on a large number (n > 600) of FTIR-spectra of RCH soils to investigate the practical application of the models and thereby compare spectral derived chemical properties of the studied Technosols and reference forest soils. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-5507 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Matvejeva, Agne A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Dietrich, Nils A1 - Heinrich, Martina A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Fiber hemp as a feasible crop for enhancing carbon sequestration and cultivation under water scarcity in sandy agricultural soils T2 - EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23–27 May 2022 N2 - Extended dry periods and increasing soil degradation compel the conventional agriculture to shift towards the sustainable practices. Hemp (Cannabis Sativa L.) accounts for crops that require low agricultural inputs and has a high potential to improve soil health hence fertility. The rapid hemp growth, high biomass production and remarkably expanded rooting zone have the vast potential in carbon (C) sequestration and nitrogen (N) fixation. Hemp fibers in the European Union (EU) are commonly used for pulp and paper industry and isolation materials. The study aims to (i) analyze hemp feasibility to grow and contribute to C sequestration under the water scarce conditions in initially nutrient-poor arable sandy soil with high and low canopy densities, and (ii) assess the use of hemp residues like shives and leaves as soil amendments for oat and corn crops in order to increase soil water holding capacity and serve as a long-term nutrient supply. Hemp, oat and corn crops were grown in a greenhouse experiment under LED illumination and wind ventilation for 17 h per day until the harvest. Hemp fibers were obtained through decortication. The biomass of all crops, hemp roots separated into fine and main, soil prior and after the experiment, and soil amendments were investigated for the total C and N content with an ELEMENTAR Vario Max Cube. Also, the elemental analysis for Ca, Mg, K, Zn, Cu, Fe, Al, Na was performed using HNO3 and MP-AES analyses. Total dry root mass for oat and corn crops was measured. Additionally, the soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC) were determined. The results showed that water scarcity had hindered hemp height and biomass production. While under the water limited conditions, the low hemp canopy density had showed slightly advanced growth in comparison to the high canopy density. Furthermore, the results of oat and corn experiment indicated difference between the treatments, where the soil amendment from hemp leaves compared to hemp shives showed enhanced growth in both plant and root biomass Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-2564 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Matvejeva, Agne A1 - Dietrich, Nils A1 - Heinrich, Martina A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Cultivation of fiber hemp using solid and liquid residues from municipal composting in a closed system T2 - EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23–27 May 2022 N2 - Progressing degradation of agricultural soil demands a change to more sustainable cropping systems accounting for crops that can sustain the soil health. Hemp is known for the improvement of soil physical, chemical and biological properties. The objective of the research is to analyze the hemp plant capability to grow under nutrient poor soil conditions and dense canopy and to assess hemp’s ability to uptake plant nutrients applied with/by soil amendments produced from biowaste. Additionally, the research aims to analyze how the hemp nutrition affects its morphogenesis, thus the fiber content. In the greenhouse set up, Cannabis Sativa L. was grown in sandy substrate, with limited water supply that corresponded to the common drought periods in Brandenburg (Germany) and with addition of soil amendments in form of pellets from organic waste (OW) digestives. The treatments included: 5 control pots, 10 pots with pellets (19 kg soil / 230 g pellets according to the allowed application of 13 t/ha) and 10 pots with 19 kg soil / 3 kg pellets. When needed, a universal liquid fertilizer was applied which contained water soluble minerals like N, P2O5 and K2O. After 92 days, the plants were harvested, dried and weighted. The root structure was examined visually. The stems were decorticated using BMS-FLAKSY® (Rossmanith GmbH) to analyze the fiber content. The Elementar vario MAX cube analyzer device was used to analyse C and N contents. The results showed that hemp could still flourish in water and nutrient limited environment. A deeper and denser rooting was observed in the treatments with pellets. It was observed that fine roots were encircled and attached to the pellets to access the nutrients stored there. The highest C:N ratio in soil and in leaves was found in treatments that contained the most pellets. The option to apply pellets produced from OW in larger quantities instead of a fertilizer application had a striking effect on hemp growth and biomass accumulation hence, increased dry matter amount and fiber yield. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-1681 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bork, Hans-Rudolf A1 - Fritzsch, Dagmar A1 - Khamnueva-Wendt, Svetlana A1 - Meier, Dirk A1 - Mentzer, Susan M. A1 - Miller, Christopher E. A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Röpke, Astrid A1 - Schumacher, Mara Lou A1 - Stahlschmidt, Mareike C. A1 - Stäuble, Harald A1 - Stolz, Christian A1 - Wendt, Jann ED - Stolz, Christian ED - Miller, Christopher E. T1 - Künstliche Ablagerungen T2 - Geoarchäologie N2 - Der fachgerechten Einordnung von Ablagerungen, die aktiv durch den Menschen erzeugt wurden, und der daraus resultierenden Formen kommt in der Geoarchäologie eine Schlüsselrolle zu. Das Kapitel befasst sich zunächst mit künstlichen Aufschüttungen in unterschiedlichen Teilen der Welt, wie Hügeln unterschiedlicher Größe, Bedeutung und Funktion, Wallburgen, Ringwälle, Landwehren und Warften, weiterhin mit Siedlungshügeln, sogenannten Tells, sowie mit speziellen Formen der Agrarlandschaft (Raine, Knicks u. a.). Weiterhin geht es um die in der Archäologie stets bedeutsamen Verfüllungen von Gräben, Gruben und anderen menschgemachten Hohlformen, sowie um Ablagerungen im unmittelbaren Siedlungsbereich und deren Einordnung. Der letzte Abschnitt widmet sich künstlichen Ablagerungen und Formen infolge von Bergbau, wie Halden und Pingen und der damit verbundenen Beeinflussung von Böden und Relief. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62774-7_10 SP - 165 EP - 206 PB - Springer Spektrum CY - Berlin, Heidelberg ER - TY - GEN A1 - Buras, Allan A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Scharnweber, Tobias A1 - Maaten, Ernst van der A1 - Cruz-García, Roberto A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Wilmking, Martin T1 - Reduced above-ground growth and wood density but increased wood chemical concentrations of Scots pine on relict charcoal hearths T2 - Science of The Total Environment N2 - Deciphering the drivers of tree growth is a central aim of dendroecology. In this context, soil conditions may play a crucial role, since they determine the availability of water and nutrients for trees. Yet, effects of systematically differing soil conditions on tree growth render a marginally studied topic. In this context, relict charcoal hearths (RCH) – a widespread legacy of anthropogenic charcoal production – render a valuable ‘natural’ experiment to study possible effects of artificially altered soil conditions on tree growth. We hypothesize, that the differing physico-chemical properties of RCH result in differing wood properties if compared to trees growing on unmodified soils. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed tree-growth, wood density, and wood elemental concentrations of Scots pine as well as physico-chemical soil properties. We applied a classic control-treatment design to compare RCH with unmodified soils. Our analyses identified significantly lower above-ground wood production but systematically higher wood elemental concentrations in RCH-trees compared to control trees. Since we could not identify treatment-specific growth patterns, we hypothesize the observed lower above-ground productivity of Scots pine to indicate an increased root-shoot ratio to compensate for a potentially lower plant water availability on RCH-sites. The observed higher wood elemental concentrations likely reflect higher soil elemental concentrations of Fe, Ca, K, and Mn in RCH soils. In conclusion, our study highlights diverse effects of RCH on tree growth and wood properties and strengthens the value of dendro-chemistry to use the tree-ring archive as proxy for soil conditions within a dendro-ecological context. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137189 SN - 1879-1026 SN - 0048-9697 VL - 717 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kästner, Friederike A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Grimm, Mark A1 - Feilhauer, Hannes A1 - Küster, Theres A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Identification of potential toxic elements (PTE) in Technosols and in the hyperaccumulator plant Brassica juncea with imaging spectroscopy T2 - 12th EARSeL Workshop on Imaging Spectroscopy N2 - Vital, fertile soil is a limited resource and must be considered equal to air and water in its status as a protected good. In Europe, there are around 2.5 million potentially contaminated due to natural and anthropogenic activities. One third of these areas have been identified and 15% of them have already been remediated. An efficient approach for remediation is phytoremediation, a cost-effective and ecosystem-friendly method compared to conventional methods. We showed that hyperaccumulator plants, which have a high tolerance to the accumulation of potentially toxic elements (PTE), are suitable for phytoremediation methods. Imaging spectroscopy allowed us to monitor and optimize the process of accumulation. Our study was conducted in two steps: First we analysed the potential of multivariate procedures using Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) and Random Forest Regression (RFR) to predict highly contaminated areas with an inhomogeneous distribution of PTE concentrations from image data. Therefore, we used contaminated soil samples analysed for heavy metal contents as training data. The fully-trained models assisted to monitor PTE contaminated areas during phytoremediation. In a second step, we investigated hyperaccumulator plants and their spectral fingerprints during PTE uptake to detect the highest possible amount of PTE the plant can tolerate. Soil samples were measured after different preparation steps (“oven-dried”, “sieved”, “ground”, “Loss on Ignition (LOI)”) with a HySpex VNIR-1600 and HySpex SWIR 320m-e hyperspectral sensor under laboratory conditions. The spectral range of both sensors covers 450 nm to 2500 nm with a spectral sampling interval of 3.7 nm for the VNIR sensor and 6.25 nm for the SWIR sensor. The resulting spectral library was used for the PLSR and RFR analysis. Considering the optimal coefficient of determination (R2), PLSR showed an improving performance and accuracy with increasing preparation steps: R2_Cr: 0.52–0.78; R2_Cu: 0.36–0.73; R2_Ni: 0.19–0.42 and R2_Zn: 0.41–0.74. In comparison, RFR showed a weaker estimation performance, even when using higher sample preparation levels (R2_Cr:0.36–0.62; R2_Cu: 0.17–0.72; R2_Ni: 0.20–0.35 and R2_Zn: 0.26–0.67). The results indicate that PLSR provides a more robust estimation than the user-friendly RFR method. Additionally, the PTE estimation performance in strong heterogeneous soil samples can be improved by pre-treatment of soil samples in the laboratory. Second, we cultivated Brassica juncea in a greenhouse and applied the plants with different controlled zinc, nickel and copper concentration levels (low, medium, high). Measurements with a HySpex VNIR-SWIR hyperspectral sensor (408-2500 nm) and a point spectrometer PSR+ from Spectral Evolution (350-2500 nm) were conducted in-situ and in the laboratory. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on reflectance spectra to identify and visualize spectral changes with increasing PTE uptake. In addition, different indices were calculated, such as Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Red-Edge Inflection Point (REIP). First results revealed changes at the chlorophyll feature between 500-600 nm and at the REIP position with increasing PTE concentration. Further spectral features and indices will be investigated to check hyperspectral responses of PTE concentration. With reflectance imaging we are already able to detect differences of the PTE accumulation within the hyperaccumulator plants. Y1 - 2022 UR - http://is.earsel.org/workshop/12-IS-Potsdam2022/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/programm-booklet_long_complete_v2.pdf SP - 152 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bayuzick, Samuel A1 - Guarin, Daniel A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Diefenbach, Duane A1 - McDill, Marc A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Drohan, Patrick J. T1 - Small anthropogenic landforms from past charcoal production control moisture dynamics and chemistry in northcentral Appalachian soils T2 - Geomorphology N2 - Throughout the northeastern United States (U.S.) and Europe, relict charcoal hearths (RCHs) are regularly being discovered in proximity to furnaces once used for the extraction of metal from ore or quick-lime production; charcoal produced in hearths was used as a furnace fuel. Given previous research has shown that topographic and subsurface disturbance can be great when a hearth is constructed, we hypothesize that hearth construction alters surface hydrology and soil chemistry in environments in and near hearths. We used a landscape classification process to identify 6758 hearths near furnaces at Greenwood and Pine Grove Furnace State Park, central and southcentral Pennsylvania, U.S. Two types of digital elevation model wetness indexes were used to quantify surface hydrology effects in and around hearths. Modeled wetness conditions were compared to field soil volumetric water content in RCHs near Greenwood Furnace State Park. Modeled wetness indexes indicate that RCH interiors are significantly wetter than RCH rim areas; RCHs are acting as a landscape moisture sink. Results also indicate that RCHs on slopes result in downslope drier conditions below RCHs. Field measured volumetric water content indicates that as distance from the center of the hearth increases, soil moisture significantly decreases. Geomorphic position was found to not be related to RCH wetness. Soil from RCHs, compared to nearby native soils, has significantly higher total C, a lower Mehlich 3 extractable acidity, higher Ca and P. No trend was evident with RCH soil chemistry and geomorphic position. The high frequency of RCH occurrence, in proximity to the furnace's RCHs supported, suggests that RCHs today could locally be an important niche for understory flora and fauna. Further research could explore how RCHs might be affecting surrounding plant populations and how within RCH patterns, especially on hillslopes, might represent a distinctly different scale of physical and chemical variability. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169555X22002720 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108379 SN - 1872-695X VL - 415 SP - 1 EP - 11 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bayuzick, Samuel A1 - Guarin, Daniel A1 - Benavides, Jhony A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Diefenbach, Duane A1 - McDill, Marc A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Drohan, Patrick J. T1 - Soil and geomorphic patterns within relict charcoal hearths could represent unique ecosystem niches T2 - Geomorphology N2 - Hearths used for 19th and 20th century charcoal manufacturing have been found to have unique plant communities or to produce unique growth characteristics for some species but not others. Given known differences in hearth morphology, within hearth physical and chemical differences may exist and result in unique ecologic niches. We examined soil stratigraphy across 8 relict charcoal hearths (RCH) and control soils on different landforms near a 19th century furnace complex (Greenwood Furnace, northcentral Appalachians USA). Soils were analyzed for particle size, total and trace elements, and fertility. Platform creation resulted in soils from upslope RCH positions mixed with subsurface materials on the downslope side to create a stabilized platform. The thin, uniform thickness of charcoal surface horizons (Ac) indicate that RCHs were not used more than once for charcoal manufacturing or that charcoal was always removed very efficiently. While rubification of soil or rock from high heat was seen in 6 of 8 sites sampled, it was not extensive across sampled areas of any one hearth, which indicate hearth use may not be frequent, hot enough, or spatially disparate. Soil fertility characteristics change within RCHs but also by landscape position. Downslope RCH positions are enriched in some parameters compared to control soils (total C, Mehlich 3 Mg, Ca, and Aquia Regia digestion Mn) and that enrichment often is from the surface downward. Downslope enrichment within RCH soils may have occurred from charcoal and released ions, slope erosion and accumulation, or transportation of constructed materials during RCH creation. Landscape position may accentuate or mute soil chemistry differences. Greenwood Furnace RCHs have unique patterns of chemistry, which could result in unique niches for flora and maybe fauna within RCH. Future research could more closely investigate whether hearths support unique species assemblages and how they may play a role in enhancing today’s forest biodiversity. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169555X22004184 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108525 SN - 1872-695X VL - 422 SP - 1 EP - 16 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Grandas Tavera, Camila A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Holguin Trujillo, Laura T1 - Valorization of biogas digestate as organic fertilizer for closing the loop on the economic viability to develop biogas projects in Colombia T2 - Cleaner and Circular Bioeconomy N2 - This study aims to find the best digestate valorization pathway in the Colombian context in order to foster biogas (BG) projects' economic viability and their sustainability. The GICON's BG power plant is intended to treat 19,710 t/y of fruit and vegetable wastes (FVW) from local wholesale markets in Cali, Colombia. Experimental feedstock and digestate characterization carried by Universidad ICESI and CIAT, integration of mass, energy, and nutrient balances of residues with the methodological approach based on structural analysis and expert's survey allowed further assessment of the BG project's economic viability on the proposed digestate valorization framework. Results suggested a significant profit by selling treated digestate through the vacuum evaporation (VE) technology. VE concentrated 27% of nitrogen, 18% of phosphorus, and 33% potassium of the feedstock. Furthermore, it reduced the volume of water, facilitating product transportation and making the product commercially attractive. This alternative exhibited the highest revenue for the BG project, and its expenses were slightly higher than the ones calculated for raw and separated digestate. Also, a positive return of the investment and financially worthiness could be expected, making the project economically feasible. These results provide a useful tool to evaluate future events and serve as a reference to support the BG project's viability by integrating them with the BG project's financial model and adapt the required conditions for desirable technologies. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772801322000318?via%3Dihub U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clcb.2022.100035 VL - 4 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Roß, Christina-Luise A1 - Raab, Thomas ED - Blume, Hans-Peter ED - Felix-Henningsen, Peter ED - Frede, Hans-Georg ED - Guggenberger, Georg ED - Horn, Rainer ED - Stahr, Karl T1 - Auswirkungen auf biologische Bodeneigenschaften T2 - Handbuch der Bodenkunde N2 - Die Ausbringung von abbaubarem organischem Material wirkt sich in den meisten Fällen positiv auf die biologische Aktivität sowie die Vielfalt der mikrobiellen Arten (Bakterien und Eukaryoten) im Boden aus. Grundsätzlich gilt dies auch für Bioabfälle, allerdings lassen sich kaum generelle Aussagen treffen, da die Wirkung auf das Bodenleben zu stark von der Qualität des Abfalls abhängt. Einige Bioabfallarten, z. B. aus der Olivenölgewinnung, können zudem ganz spezielle Probleme mit sich bringen, die eine Anwendung als Düngeprodukt oder Bodenhilfsstoff erschweren oder vollständig ausschließen. Insbesondere kommunale Abfälle können außerdem Plastik enthalten, das durch Abrieb und Zerkleinerung zu Partikeln zerfällt, die von Bodenorganismen unabsichtlich aufgenommen Zusammenfassung Die Ausbringung von abbaubarem organischem Material wirkt sich in den meisten Fällen positiv auf die biologische Aktivität sowie die Vielfalt der mikrobiellen Arten (Bakterien und Eukaryoten) im Boden aus. Grundsätzlich gilt dies auch für Bioabfälle, allerdings lassen sich kaum generelle Aussagen treffen, da die Wirkung auf das Bodenleben zu stark von der Qualität des Abfalls abhängt. Einige Bioabfallarten, z. B. aus der Olivenölgewinnung, können zudem ganz spezielle Probleme mit sich bringen, die eine Anwendung als Düngeprodukt oder Bodenhilfsstoff erschweren oder vollständig ausschließen. Insbesondere kommunale Abfälle können außerdem Plastik enthalten, das durch Abrieb und Zerkleinerung zu Partikeln zerfällt, die von Bodenorganismen unabsichtlich aufgenommen werden können. Hinsichtlich Abundanz und Diversität der Mikroorganismen ist der Nährstoffgehalt des Bioabfalls eine wesentliche Steuergröße. Von besonderer Bedeutung sind dabei Stickstoff, Phosphor, Kalium und Kohlenstoff. Die Applikation organischer Reststoffe als Dünger kann auch einen entscheidenden Beitrag zur Förderung von Nützlingen und zur Bekämpfung von schädlichen Makro- und Mikroorganismen leisten, da physikalische und chemische Bodeneigenschaften so verändert werden, dass günstige Bedingungen für erwünschte detritivore Gemeinschaften und sonstige Nützlinge entstehen. Zum Teil werden die Nützlinge sogar direkt mit dem organischen Material eingetragen, und Schädlinge können so durch Konkurrenz oder Prädation zurückgedrängt werden oder finden keine geeigneten Lebensbedingungen mehr vor. Krankheitserreger sind in organischen Abfällen reichlich vorhanden, mittels Pasteurisierung (1 h bei 70 °C) werden die meisten Humanpathogene jedoch abgetötet. Damit wird ein direktes Gesundheitsrisiko nahezu ausgeschlossen und der zunehmenden Verbreitung von bakteriellen Antibiotikaresistenzgenen in der Umwelt entgegengewirkt. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9783527678495.hbbk2021008 SN - 978-3-527-32129-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527678495.hbbk2021008 SP - 1 EP - 19 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Grimm, Mark A1 - Heinrich, Martina A1 - Baig, Sawdha A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Soil nitrogen pool and its fractions in German apple orchards under organic vs conventional management T2 - EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 24–28 Apr 2023 N2 - Agriculture is a massive production with intensive practices, like large variety of agro-chemicals, heavy machinery etc., that support food security. However, recently more and more attention is given to food safety in relation to human, environment and soil health. An alternative strategy is organic agriculture that avoids the use of synthetic chemicals and maintain the sustainable food production. But organic farming cannot completely support the worlds foods demand, so adaptation is needed to reach a sustainable productivity while protecting the environment. Soil nitrogen (N) pool consists of inorganic and organic fractions. Inorganic and a part of labile organic N is a primary nutrient source for plants and microbes. Different nitrogen fractions play various roles in soil ecosystems and can be strongly influenced by the site management. Soil nitrogen transformations are directly relatable to plant health, thus strongly influence healthy functioning of soil ecosystem. Knowledge about the soil nitrogen pools is necessary to assess the proper and sustainable fertilization approaches under various management practices. To evaluate various N fractions, fresh soil samples were sampled (20 cm depth, row and near tree) at 8 conventional and 8 organic apple farms (Germany: states of Brandenburg, Saxsony and Saxony-Anhalt), with various age, locations and management practices. Soil samples were analyzed using CNS, Kjeldhal digestion, spectrophotometer and chloroform fumigation. The aim of this study is to compare the total and labile (particulate organic, microbial biomass and water extractable organic) N fractions in soil samples considering various site management approaches, topography and climate. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-3208 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Grimm, Mark A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Heinrich, Martina T1 - Integrated analysis of Multifunctional Fruit production landscapes to promote ecosystem services and sustainable land-use under climate change (MultiFruit): Approaches and first results of soil sampling campaign T2 - EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 24–28 Apr 2023 N2 - Beginning in 2020 the research of the MultiFruit cluster seeks to optimize food production and the provision of ecosystem services in multifunctional landscapes. Joining agricultural production with the provision of ecosystem services and the preservation of biological diversity, the outcomes of this project aim to provide comprehensive findings to farmers, and the agricultural community as a whole, that are also applicable in the face of climate change. Active apple orchards located in greater Brandenburg, Germany of both organic and conventional management practices have been selected as the sites of research. The present state of organic apple orchards in Germany can best be described as organic “conventionalization”; high yielding orchards with little to no plant diversity, with the major differences being the substitution of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, and fungicides with organic alternatives certified by the Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (Bundesamt für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit). The project implements an interdisciplinary approach, with researchers of ecology, economics, soil and microbial sciences. The ecological subproject is investigating how local management measures and the surrounding landscapes affect natural pest control by beneficial insects. The soil group are investigating the toxicological and soil health impacts of conventional and organic practices through analysis of both plant and soil material collected from the orchards. Microbial studies seek to provide information on the microorganisms that promote the growth, health, and performance of fruit trees. The economic studies aim to assess the costs and benefits of management measures and resulting pest control services for fruit growers and society as a whole. The overall expected outcome of this cluster is to maximize ecosystem services provided by the orchards while optimizing yield and maintaining soil and orchard health. Here we show the preliminary results of the 2021 field campaign related to the soil group. The processed plant and soil material was analyzed at our laboratory and total elemental concentration of all constituents was determined using Microwave assisted MP-AES for select metals and cations (Zn, Cu, Fe, Al, Mg, Ca, K). These results, in conjunction with measured soil properties (pH, EC, Scheibler carbonate measurement, Total N, Total C) aid in the effort to determine the effects of the various management practices on the soil health and the mobility and translocation of metals and cations within the plant tissues. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-12714 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Verschoof-van der Vaart, Wouter A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Ouimet, William A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Automated large-scale mapping and analysis of relict charcoal hearths in Connecticut (USA) using a Deep Learning YOLOv4 framework T2 - Archaeological Prospection Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/arp.1889 SN - 1099-0763 SN - 1075-2196 VL - 30 IS - 3 SP - 251 EP - 266 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Grimm, Mark A1 - Kästner, Friederike A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Brassica juncea as a Feasible Hyperaccumulator of chosen potentially toxic metals under extreme environmental conditions T2 - International Journal of Environmental Research Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s41742-023-00528-8 SN - 1735-6865 VL - 17 IS - 3 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Jonczak, Jerzy A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Optimizing pyrolysis conditions of biochars derived from byproducts of forest and food industry for soil amendments T2 - Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, Einladung und Programm Halle (Saale), 2.-8. September 2023 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://conference.ufz.de/frontend/index.php?page_id=3985&v=List&do=15&day=all&ses=1235# ER - TY - GEN A1 - Grimm, Mark A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Impacts of Farming Practices on Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) and micronutrients in German Apple Orchards T2 - Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, Einladung und Programm Halle (Saale), 2.–8. September 2023 Y1 - 2023 SP - 78 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jouy, Florent A1 - Schüle, Maren A1 - Adhikari, Yojana A1 - Binder, Anja A1 - Clerc, Danica A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Heinken, Thilo A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Repmann, Frank A1 - Rönnefarth, Susanne A1 - Schirrmacher, Marina A1 - Schmehl, Marie-Therese A1 - Schröder, Jens A1 - Ibisch, Pierre L. T1 - Factors impacting the variability of post-fire forest regeneration in central European pine plantations T2 - Restoration Ecology N2 - Fire is increasingly posing a risk to forests and plantations, even in the temperate latitudes of central Europe. Little is known about fire ecology in this region, and therefore, appropriate approaches for the management and reforestation of burned sites are mostly lacking. In a Scots pine plantation region in Brandenburg (northeast Germany), the early tree regeneration of two nearby areas that burned 1 year apart was investigated. We observed that 3 years after the fire events, the forest in one study area showed a relatively high regeneration with a mean density of 7765 saplings/ha, clearly dominated by European aspen (93%); whereas the other study area showed a lower mean density of 5061 saplings/ha, dominated by Scots pine (71%) and aspen (15%). Three years after the fires, the difference in aspen density was 11-fold between the two areas. We studied the effects of several variables about soil and environmental properties on the aspen establishment in these two study areas in the second and third years after the fire events. We found that the post-fire aspen regeneration was influenced by several factors, including soil texture, soil disturbance from forest management, volume of deadwood, and browsing. We also discussed that weather conditions during seed production and germination might have played a role in the difference in aspen establishment between the two study areas. We concluded that the post-fire forest regeneration potential in the study region is highly variable and could come under critical pressure as climate change progresses. Y1 - 2025 UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/rec.70017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.70017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hinz, Christoph A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Lehmkuhl, Frank T1 - Editorial for the Special Issue “Anthropogenic Geomorphology – Geomorphology in the Anthropocene” T2 - Geomorphology Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108528 SN - 0169-555X VL - 422 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Badorreck, Annika A1 - Krümmelbein, Julia A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Long-term effects of deep soil loosening on root distribution and soil physical parameters in compacted lignite mine soils T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015 KW - deep soil loosening KW - lignite mine Y1 - 2015 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2015/EGU2015-14990.pdf N1 - EGU2015-14990 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Bauriegel, Albrecht A1 - Nicolay, Alexander T1 - Junge Böden der Niederlausitz T2 - Brandenburgische Geowissenschaftliche Beiträge N2 - In der Niederlausitz finden sich sehr unterschiedliche Beispiele für junge Bodenbildungen, die oftmals durch menschliche Eingriffe ausgelöst wurden. In dem Beitrag werden neben den jüngsten Bodenentwicklungen auf Bergbaufolgestandorten auch jüngere Böden auf seit dem Mittelalter mit Flugsanden überdeckten Standorten vorgestellt. Obwohl die Genese der auf diesen Flugsanddecken anzutreffenden Böden bereits seit bis zu 1 000 Jahre andauert, sind hier erst Böden der Klasse der Ah/C-Böden entwickelt. Auf den Bergbaufolgestandorten wird versucht, die Bodenbildung durch spezielle Meliorationsmaßnahmen zu fördern. Untersuchungen an diesen besonders jungen Böden lassen gut die Prozesse der initialen Bodenentwicklung erkennen. Y1 - 2015 SN - 0947-1995 VL - 22 IS - 1 SP - 137 EP - 148 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Spröte, Roland A1 - Forman, Steven L. A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Holocene Dune Formation and Human-Induced Aeolian Remobilisation in South Brandenburg, Germany T2 - AGU 2008 Fall Meeting, Suppl. N2 - In the Mid Latitudes form and function of the earth surface are mainly affected by Pleistocene periglacial processes such as solifluction, cryoturbation and aeolian deposition. On the other hand, human impact on landscapes in Central Europe may date back to the earliest farmers from the Neolithic Period (c. 5500 a cal BC). At least since the Middle Ages intense land-use produced wide deforested areas. In the sand-rich North German Lowland these human-induced deforestation often resulted in the remobilisation of Late Pleistocene to Early Holocene sand dunes. Especially in the vicinity of former mining sites or glassworks the dune landscapes possess quite young stratigraphic disturbances (fossilized horizons, weak developed top soils). Within the scope of the Transregional Collaborative Research Centre (SFB/TRR) 38, funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), inland dunes in South Brandenburg were used as comparison sites to study structures and processes of the initial ecosystem development phase in an artificial water catchment. Here, we present first results of the pedostratigraphy and the age of two dune systems near Glashuette which is about 50 km south of Berlin. Based on twelve Optical Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) and six radiocarbon (14C) datings a chronology of the landscape development for the last c. 10000 years is derived. Data prove that both dune systems - even though they are just c. 1 km apart and have similar morphological features such as height, width, and orientation - have a completely different history in aeolian sand deposition and pedogenesis. At dune 'Glashuette 1' a well established podsol forms the topsoil. At dune 'Glashuette 2' soil development is clearly in a more initial state showing only some humus accumulation and weaker podsolization processes. OSL and 14C ages of sand from 'Glashuette 1' range between about 11.4 ka cal. BC (3.9 m below surface) and 9.4 ka cal. BC (0.7 m below surface). Against that, the sands in 'Glashuette 2' are mainly dated to about 0.8 ka cal BC (3.4 to 0.7 m below surface). On the basis of our findings further analyses can be planned more accurately to study the impact of initial processes on the later state of ecosystems characteristics. Y1 - 2008 SP - H51D-0842 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Spröte, Roland A1 - Forman, Steven L. A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Buried soils and dune sediments as archives of human-induced aeolian activity in the vicinity of historic glassworks, South Brandenburg, Germany T2 - EGU General Assembly 2009, Vienna, Austria, 19 – 24 April 2009 Y1 - 2009 N1 - EGU2009-4965-1 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Leopold, Matthias A1 - Dethier, David A1 - Völkel, Jörg A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Combining sediment analysis and seismic refraction to describe the structure, thickness and distribution of periglacial slope deposits at Niwot Ridge, Rocky Mountains Front Range, Colorado, USA T2 - Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie Y1 - 2008 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1127/0372-8854/2008/0052S2-0077 VL - 52 IS - 2 SP - 77 EP - 94 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Biemelt, Detlef A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - The artificial water catchment "Chicken Creek" as an observatory for critical zone processes and structures T2 - Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Y1 - 2009 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-6-1769-2009 SN - 1812-2116 VL - 6 IS - 2 SP - 1769 EP - 1795 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Repmann, Frank A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Bodenveränderungen durch Waldbrände – Stoffvorräte und Stoffverlagerungen T2 - Jahrestagung der DBG 2022 "Grenzen überwinden, Skalen überschreiten" 5. - 8. September 2022 in Trier N2 - Die zurückliegenden trocken-heißen Sommer haben im Süden Brandenburgs zu zahlreichen Bränden in den dominierenden Kiefernwäldern geführt, einige davon mit katastrophalen Ausmaßen. Dazu gehören die extremen Brandereignisse 2018 bei Treuenbrietzen sowie 2019 bei Jüterbog und Lieberose, die zusammen weit über 1000 ha Waldfläche zerstört und dabei auch Veränderungen der betroffenen Waldböden verursacht haben. Das seit Mai 2020 von der FNR geförderte Verbundvorhaben Pyrophob befasst sich mit den Auswirkungen von Waldbränden im Süden Brandenburgs auf die Waldökosysteme und mit waldbaulichen Maßnahmen, die mittelfristig zu einer Verringerung der Brandanfälligkeit der Wälder beitragen sollen. Im Rahmen des auf eine fünfjährige Laufzeit ausgelegten Verbundvorhabens finden bodenkundliche Untersuchungen auf zwölf Versuchsflächen bei Treuenbrietzen und Jüterbog statt. An beiden Standorten werden unverbrannte Referenzflächen mit einbezogen. Ergänzend konnten bei Lieberose bereits 2019 nur kurz nach dem Brandgeschehen erste Bodenuntersuchungen durchgeführt werden. Die untersuchten Brandflächen bei Jüterbog und Lieberose sind als Totalreservate ausgewiesen, auf denen auch nach dem Brand waldbauliche Maßnahmen vollständig unterbleiben. Auf den Flächen bei Treuenbrietzen wurden verschiedene Behandlungsvarianten durchgeführt, zu denen auf einem Teil der Flächen die vollständige Entfernung der abgestorbenen Bäume gehörte, während auf anderen Teilflächen Totholz auf der Fläche verblieb. Ziel der bodenkundlichen Arbeiten in Pyrophob ist zum einen eine Charakterisierung der direkten Auswirkungen des Brandes auf Humus und Mineralboden hinsichtlich des Stoffbestandes und bodenbiologischer Prozesse. Zum anderen wird der Stoffaustrag aus dem Oberboden erfasst. Der etwaige Einfluss der unterschiedlichen waldbaulichen Vorgehensweise auf die Bodenverhältnisse wird dabei als ein Indikator für die Auswahl geeigneter Maßnahmen berücksichtigt. In den verschiedenen Untersuchungsvarianten des Vorhabens wurden zu diesem Zweck Humus- und Mineralbodenprofile untersucht. Zudem wurden Mischproben aus dem Ober- und Unterboden entnommen und auf ihren Stoffhaushalt hin analysiert. Auf jeder Untersuchungsfläche wurden je drei frei dränende Kleinlysimeter in 10 cm Bodentiefe installiert, um die zeitlichen Veränderungen der Sickerwasserzusammensetzung und die durch den Brand initiierten Stoffausträge aus dem Oberboden zu quantifizieren. Ergänzend finden Untersuchungen zu möglichen Auswirkungen der Brände auf bodenbiologische Prozesse wie Streuabbau und Stickstoffmineralisation statt. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.dbges.de/de/system/files/Trier2022/programmheft-dbg_2022_ou_17052022_lores.pdf SP - 48 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Leopold, Matthias A1 - Dethier, David A1 - Völkel, Jörg A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Rikert, Tyler Corson A1 - Caine, Nel T1 - Using Geophysical Methods to Study the Shallow Subsurface of a Sensitive Alpine Environment, Niwat Ridge, Colorado Front Range, U.S.A. T2 - Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research Y1 - 2008 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1657/1523-0430(06-124)[LEOPOLD]2.0.CO;2 SN - 1938-4246 VL - 40 IS - 3 SP - 519 EP - 530 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Völkel, Jörg A1 - Raab, Thomas ED - Hoppe, Andreas T1 - Effects of uranium mining on the landscape ecology in Eastern Thuringia - Mining dumps and flooplains as sinks and sources of mining related substances T2 - GeoDarmstadt2010, Geowissenschaften sichern Zukunft, Frankfurt am Main & Darmstadt, 10. Oktober - 13. Oktober 2010, Kurzfassungen der Vorträge und Poster Y1 - 2010 SN - 978-3-510-49219-0 SP - 573 EP - 574 CY - Hannover ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Repmann, Frank A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Stability of Prussian Blue in Soils of a Former Manufactured Gas Plant Site T2 - Soil and Sediment Contamination N2 - Soil contamination with iron-cyanide complexes is a common problem at former manufactured gas plant (MGP) sites. Dissolution of the cyanide, from Prussian Blue (ferric ferrocyanide), creates an environmental hazard, whereas the risk of groundwater contamination depends on the stability of dissolved iron–cyanide complexes. Lack of a standard leaching method to determine the water-soluble (plant-available) cyanide fraction generates potential limitations for implementing remediation strategies like phytoremediation. Applicability of neutral solution extraction to determine the water-soluble cyanide fraction and the stability of Prussian Blue in surface and near-surface soils of an MGP site in Cottbus, undersaturated and unsaturated water conditions, was studied in column leaching and batch extraction experiments. MGP soils used in the long-term tests varied according to the pH (5.0–7.7) and the total cyanide content (40–1718 mg kg−1). Column leaching, after four months of percolation, still yielded effluent concentrations exceeding the German drinking water limit (> 50 μg L−1) and the solubility of Prussian Blue reported in the literature (< 1 mg L−1) from both alkaline and acidic soils. Long-term (1344 h) extraction of MGP soils with distilled water was sufficient to dissolve 97% of the total cyanide from the slightly alkaline soils and up to 78% from the acidic soils. Both experiments revealed that dissolution of ferric ferrocyanide under circum-neutral pH and oxic water conditions is a function of time, where the released amount is dependent on the soil pH and total cyanide content. Unexpectedly high and continuous solubility of Prussian Blue, both in acidic and slightly alkaline MGP soils, implies the need to introduce an additional cyanide fraction (“readily soluble fraction”) to improve and specify cyanide leaching methods. Long-term extraction of cyanide-contaminated soil in neutral solution seems to be a promising approach to evaluate the potential hazard of groundwater pollution at the MGP sites. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/15320383.2014.839626 SN - 1549-7887 VL - 23 IS - 5 SP - 504 EP - 522 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Boldt-Burisch, Katja A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Effect of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) roots inoculation using different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species on sorption of iron-cyanide (Fe-CN) complexes T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria, 17 April – 22 May 2016 N2 - Soils and groundwater on sites of the former Manufactured Gas Plants (MGPs) are contaminated with various complex iron-cyanides (Fe-CN). Phytoremediation is a promising tool in stabilization and remediation of Fe-CN affected soils, however, it can be a challenging task due to extreme adverse and toxic conditions. Phytoremediation may be enhanced via rhizosphere microbial activity, which can cooperate on the degradation, transformation and uptake of the contaminants. Recently, increasing number of scientist reports improved plants performance in the removal of toxic compounds with the support of arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF). Series of batch experiments using potassium hexacyanoferrate (II) solutions, in varying concentrations, were used to study the effect of ryegrass roots (Lolium perenne L.) inoculation with Rhizophagus irregularis and a mixture of Rhizophagus irregularis, Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus aggregatus, and Claroideoglomus etunicatum on Fe-CN sorption. Results indicated significantly higher colonization of R. irregularis than for the mixture of AMF species on ryegrass roots. Sorption experiments revealed significantly higher reduction of total CN and free CN content in the mycorrhizal roots, indicating greater cyanide decrease in the treatment inoculated with R. irregularis. Our study indicates contribution of AM fungi in phytoremediation of Fe-CN contaminated soil. Y1 - 2016 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2016/EGU2016-4223-2.pdf N1 - EGU2016-4223-2 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Repmann, Frank A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Retardation of iron-cyanide complexes in the soil of a former manufactured gas plant site T2 - Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A N2 - The soil in the vicinities of former Manufactured Gas Plant (MGP) sites is commonly contaminated with iron-cyanide complexes (ferric ferrocyanide). The phenomenon of cyanide mobility in soil, according to the literature, is mainly governed by the dissolution and precipitation of ferric ferrocyanide, which is only slightly soluble (<1 mg L¡1) under acidic conditions. In this paper, retention properties of the sandy loam soil and the potential vertical movement of the solid iron-cyanide complexes, co-existing with the dissolution, sorption and precipitation reactions were investigated. Preliminary research conducted on a former MGP site implied colloidal transport of ferric ferricyanide from the initial deposition in the wastes layer towards the sandy loam material (secondary accumulation), which possibly retarded the mobility of cyanide (CN). A series of batch and column experiments were applied in order to investigate the retardation of iron-cyanide complexes by the sandy loam soil. Batch experiments revealed that in circumneutral pH conditions sandy loam material decreases the potassium ferro- and ferricyanide concentration. In column experiments a minor reduction in CN concentration was observed prior to addition of iron sulfide (FeS) layer, which induced the formation of the Prussian blue colloids in circumneutral pH conditions. Precipitated solid iron-cyanide complexes were mechanically filtered by the coherent structure of the investigated soil. Additionally, the reduction of the CN concentration of the percolation solutions by the sandy loam soil was presumably induced due to the formation of potassium manganese iron-cyanide (K2Mn[Fe(CN)6]). Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2015.981116 SN - 1532-4117 SN - 1093-4529 VL - 50 IS - 3 SP - 282 EP - 291 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Boldt-Burisch, Katja A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Possible evidence for contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in phytoremediation of iron–cyanide (Fe–CN) complexes T2 - Ecotoxicology N2 - Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are integral functioning parts of plant root systems and are widely recognized for enhancing contaminants uptake and metabolism on severely disturbed sites. However, the patterns of their influence on the phytoremediation of iron–cyanide (Fe–CN) complexes are unknown. Fe–CN complexes are of great common interest, as iron is one of the most abundant element in soil and water. Effect of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) roots inoculation, using mycorrhizal fungi (Rhizophagus irregularis and a mixture of R. irregularis, Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus aggregatus, and Claroideoglomus etunicatum), on iron–cyanide sorption was studied. Results indicated significantly higher colonization of R. irregularis than the mixture of AMF species on ryegrass roots. Series of batch experiments using potassium hexacyanoferrate (II) solutions, in varying concentrations revealed significantly higher reduction of total CN and free CN content in the mycorrhizal roots, indicating greater cyanide decrease in the treatment inoculated with R. irregularis. Our study is a first indication of the possible positive contribution of AM fungi on the phytoremediation of iron–cyanide complexes. Y1 - 2016 UR - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10646-016-1678-y U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-016-1678-y SN - 1573-3017 VL - 25 IS - 6 SP - 1260 EP - 1269 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Dimitrova, Tsvetelina A1 - Repmann, Frank A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Freese, Dirk T1 - Uptake of ferrocyanide in willow and poplar trees in a long term greenhouse experiment T2 - Ecotoxicology N2 - Phytoremediation of sites contaminated with iron cyanides can be performed using poplar and willow trees. Poplar and willow trees were grown in potting substrate spiked with ferrocyanide concentrations of up to 2,000 mg kg-1 for 4 and 8 weeks respectively. Soil solution and leaf tissue of different age were sampled for total cyanide analysis every week. Chlorophyll content in the leaves was determined to quantify cyanide toxicity. Results showed that cyanide in the soil solution of spiked soils differed between treatments and on weekly basis and ranged from 0.5 to 1,200 mg l-1. The maximum cyanide content in willow and poplar leaves was 518 mg kg-1 fresh weight (FW) and 148 mg kg-1 FW respectively. Cyanide accumulated in the leaves increased linearly with increasing cyanide concentration in the soil solution. On the long term, significantly more cyanide was accumulated in old leaf tissue than in young tissue. Chlorophyll content in poplar decreased linearly with increasing cyanide in the soil solution and in leaf tissue, and over time. The inhibitory concentration (IC50) value for poplars after 4 weeks of exposure was 173 mg l-1 and for willow after 8 weeks of exposure—768 mg l-1. Results show that willows tolerate much more cyanide and over a longer period than poplars, making them very appropriate for remediating sites highly contaminated with iron cyanides. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-014-1398-0 SN - 1573-3017 VL - 24 IS - 3 SP - 510 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kappler, Christoph A1 - Kaiser, Knut A1 - Ganzenmüller, Raphael A1 - Küster, Mathias A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Fülling, Alexander A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Raab, Thomas ED - Schwab, Markus J. ED - Theuerkauf, Martin ED - Brauer, Achim ED - Wilmking, Martin ED - Lampe, Reinhard T1 - A review of geochronological data from northeastern Germany: evaluating late Quaternary soil formation and land surface dynamics T2 - 3rd Annual ICLEA Workshop 2014, Dynamics of Climate and Landscape Evolution of Cultural Landscapes in the Northern Central European Lowlands since the Last Ice Age Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2312/GFZ.b103-14028 SP - 43 PB - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences CY - Potsdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Boldt-Burisch, Katja A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Influence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus (AMF) on degradation of iron-cyanide complexes T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015 KW - arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Y1 - 2015 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2015/EGU2015-250.pdf N1 - EGU2015-250 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Repmann, Frank A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Vertical movement of iron-cyanide complexes in soils of a former Manufactured Gas Plant site T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015 Y1 - 2015 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2015/EGU2015-9980.pdf N1 - EGU2015-9980 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Repmann, Frank A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Release of iron-cyanide complexes form contaminated soils - Batch and column experiments on substrates from Manufactured Gas Plant (MGP) site T2 - European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2013, Vienna, Austria, 07 – 12 April 2013 N2 - Soils of former Manufactured Gas Plants (MGPs) are often contaminated with iron-cyanide (Fe-CN) complexes that originate from gas purification process. Cyanide is a potentially toxic substance and its presence in soil and groundwater may cause risk for human health as well as for the environment. MGPs were commonly built on the city suburban areas, which have spread ever since. Nowadays, these sites are typically located in inner cities, causing environmental thread, due to the leaching of pollutants. More recently, columns and batch experiments have been used to study fate and mobility of contaminants is soil. The release of iron-cyanide complexes under unsaturated flow conditions was evaluated with eight columns of 30 cm length and a diameter of 5,4 cm. Cyanide concentrations in the collected leachates were measured with Flow Injection Analysis (FIA). Additionally pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and various ion concentrations were determined. In order to compare the release of Fe-CN complexes in saturated conditions a batch experiment was conducted, where in defined time intervals, 1 ml of the extract water phase was analyzed for CN concentration. Study revealed an analogous trend of cyanide release in both experiments indicating primarily the release of formerly dissolved phase (hexacyanoferrates) followed by continual dissolution of ferric ferrocyanide. We conclude that batch experiments, conducted prior to column analysis, can serve as preliminary prediction of the water soluble cyanide fraction under unsaturated conditions. Y1 - 2013 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2013/EGU2013-1983.pdf N1 - EGU2013-1983 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Rodionov, Andrei A1 - Nii-Annang, Seth A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Trimborn, Manfred A1 - Schillem, Steffi A1 - Schneider, Bernd Uwe A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Impacts of Soil Additives on Crop Yield and C-Sequestration in Post Mine Substrates of Lusatia, Germany T2 - Pedosphere Y1 - 2012 SN - 1002-0160 VL - 22 IS - 3 SP - 343 EP - 350 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Krümmelbein, Julia A1 - Horn, Rainer A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Soil physical parameters of a recently established agricultural recultivation site after brown coal mining in Eastern Germany T2 - Soil & Tillage Research N2 - Our study deals with agricultural recultivation of open cast brown coal mining areas in Lusatia, Eastern Germany. In this region the largest brown coal (lignite) mining area of Germany is located. Lignite mining activities lead to major disturbances of the landscape. Recultivation efforts attempt to regenerate mining areas for agricultural land use options. The geological “parent” material is of saaleian origin, has a sandy texture and was excavated from several meters depths before mining and is now used for recultivating the excavated area. Consequently, it is free of recent soil organic carbon. The substrate itself is unstructured. The partly wet or dry substrate is subjected to strong mechanical stresses during the excavation, deposition, refilling and levelling processes throughout the year. This practice leads to more or less compacted soils/substrates which may result in small yields of agricultural crops. In this context we investigate the effect of different organic soil additives in combination with different recultivation crop rotations on the development of soil structure for improved agricultural land use. Our experimental site has been heaped up and levelled off in 2006 and 2007. On each of the 24 experimental sub areas undisturbed soil samples have been taken to characterise the substrates according to their mechanical and hydraulic parameters and to determine the scattering of these parameters on a site that is assumed to be recultivated as homogenously as possible. First results of our ongoing experimental study indicate that the soil physical properties such as texture, bulk density, precompression stress, air permeability and saturated hydraulic conductivity are not identical on each of the 24 subplots. The soil physical properties behave differently in relation to each other. E.g. we found a negative correlation between bulk density (∼1.35–∼1.90 g/cm3) and precompression stress (∼30–70 kPa) and no decisive interrelation between bulk density and air permeability or saturated hydraulic conductivity. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167198710001443 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2010.08.006 SN - 0167-1987 VL - 111 IS - 1 SP - 19 EP - 25 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hürkamp, Kerstin A1 - Völkel, Jörg T1 - Stratigraphy and chronology of late Quaternary floodplain sediments in a historic mining area, Vils River Valley, East Bavaria, Germany T2 - Physical Geography N2 - Analysis of 288 percussion drillings from depths of up to seven meters and a 120 m long excavated section provide new and detailed information on the Late Quaternary to Late Holocene floodplain evolution from the most important Central European iron-mining region of the 15th century. The generalized sequence of the Vils River floodplain is built of five units representing facies of different genesis (rock/saprolite, gravel, sand, loam, peat) that are identified by physical, chemical, and mineralogical parameters (grain size, clast shape, and content, TOC, bulk mineralogy). Along the 87 km length of the valley, different units/facies are found at the Upper Vils River (UVR 1-5) and at the Lower Vils River (LVR 1-4b). In both river sections, fine-grained material (flood loam) forms the major part (up to 4 m) of the alluvial sequence. 29 age determinations (24 14C, 4 IRSL, 1 tree-ring analysis) show increasing accumulation of flood loam in the last millennium. The data correlate with the beginning of mining at the Vils River and hence suggest a causal connection with mining activities in the catchment—both on the slopes and in the floodplain—with intense deposition of flood loams. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2747/0272-3646.31.4.357 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2747/0272-3646.31.4.357 SN - 1930-0557 SN - 0272-3646 VL - 31 IS - 4 SP - 357 EP - 384 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Nii-Annang, Seth A1 - Rodionov, Andrei A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. A1 - Dilly, Oliver T1 - Impact of Commercial Soil Additives on Microbial Activity and Carbon Isotopic Characteristics of Recultivated Post Lignite Mine Soils T2 - Geomicrobiology Journal Y1 - 2011 SN - 1521-0529 VL - 28 IS - 7 SP - 567 EP - 573 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Leopold, Matthias A1 - Völkel, Jörg T1 - Character, Age, and ecological significance of pleistocene periglacial slope deposits in Germany T2 - Physical Geography Y1 - 2007 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2747/0272-3646.28.6.451 SN - 1930-0557 VL - 28 IS - 6 SP - 451 EP - 473 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stock, Oliver A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Helbach, Christoph A1 - Narra, Satyanarayana A1 - Downes, Nigel K. A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. A1 - Raab, Thomas ED - Hüttl, Reinhard F. ED - Schneider, Bernd Uwe T1 - Bodenphysikalische, wachstumskundliche und rechtliche Aspekte der Melioration stark toniger Kippsubstrate mit REA-Gips T2 - Neue Ansätze in der land- und forstwirtschaftlichen Rekultivierung Y1 - 2009 SN - 978-3-937728-06-3 SN - 3-937728-06-6 SP - 45 EP - 77 PB - BTU CY - Cottbus ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hürkamp, Kerstin A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Völkel, Jörg T1 - Two and three-dimensional quantification of lead contamination in alluvial soils of a historic mining area using field portable X-ray fluorescence (FPXRF) analysis T2 - Geomorphology Y1 - 2009 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.12.021 VL - 110 IS - 1-2 SP - 28 EP - 36 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hürkamp, Kerstin A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Völkel, Jörg T1 - Lead Pollution of Floodplain Soils in a Historic Mining Area - Age, Distribution and Binding Forms T2 - Water Air Soil Pollution Y1 - 2009 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-008-9948-9 SN - 1573-2932 VL - 201 IS - 1-4 SP - 331 EP - 345 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Schillem, Steffi A1 - Asch, Folkard A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Bestajovsky, Jürgen A1 - Bruns, Christian A1 - Gattinger, Andreas A1 - Hattig, Tom A1 - Hoogen, Heiner A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Rodionov, Andrei A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Schneider, Bernd Uwe A1 - Trimborn, Manfred ED - Hüttl, Reinhard F. ED - Gerwin, Werner T1 - Bodenmelioration und Anbauverfahren für trockenheitsgefährdete Standorte (BAtroS) Y1 - 2011 SN - 978-3-937728-14-8 PB - FZLB CY - Cottbus ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Dimitrov, M. T1 - Interactions between surface structures, runoff and erosion in an artificial watershed during the initial ecosystem development T2 - EGU General Assembly 2009, Vienna, Austria, 19 – 24 April 2009 Y1 - 2009 N1 - EGU2009-1406 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stock, Oliver A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. A1 - Raab, Thomas ED - Hüttl, Reinhard F. ED - Schneider, Bernd Uwe T1 - Initiale Bodenbildung an landwirtschaftlichen Rekultivierungsstandorten aus saalezeitlichem Geschiebemergel T2 - Neue Ansätze in der land- und forstwirtschaftlichen Rekultivierung Y1 - 2009 SN - 978-3-937728-06-3 SN - 3-937728-06-6 SP - 3 EP - 43 PB - BTU CY - Cottbus ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Völkel, Jörg A1 - Leopold, Matthias A1 - Raab, Thomas ED - Maier, Jörg T1 - Ostbayerische Mittelgebirge T2 - Exkursionsführer zu ausgewählten Fachthemen Oberfrankens, Nürnbergs und der Nördlichen Oberpfalz Y1 - 2007 SN - 978-3-9809181-9-0 SP - 209 EP - 224 PB - Fachgruppe Geowissenschaften Universität Bayreuth CY - Bayreuth ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Nii-Annang, Seth A1 - Rodionov, Andrei A1 - Dilly, Oliver A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Use of commercial soil amendments in initial soils (II) - Impact on soil respiratory and carbon isotopic characteristics T2 - EGU General Assembly 2009, Vienna, Austria, 19 – 24 April 2009 Y1 - 2009 N1 - EGU2009-12093 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rißmann, Cornelia A1 - Elmer, Michael A1 - Hohberg, Karin A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Xylander, Willi E. R. ED - Holzheu, Stefan ED - Thies, B. T1 - Trophic structure and complexity of early soil food webs in a post mining area in Lower Lusatia T2 - Dimensions of ecology - from global change to molecular ecology, (GfÖ) 39th annual conference, University of Bayreuth, 14th - 18th September 2009 Y1 - 2009 SP - S. 112 PB - Bayreuther Zentrum für Ökologie und Umweltforschung (BayCEER) Selbstverlag CY - Bayreuth ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rißmann, Cornelia A1 - Elmer, Michael A1 - Hohberg, Karin A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Xylander, Willi E. R. ED - Wolters, Volkmar ED - Groh, J. ED - Peter, F. ED - Waldhardt, R. T1 - Characterization of initial soil food webs - Micro- and Mesofauna in a post mining area T2 - Book of abstracts, The Future of Biodiversity: Genes, Species, Ecosystems Y1 - 2010 N1 - 40th Anniversary Conference Gesellschaft für Ökologie, August 30th to September 03rd, 2010, Giessen SP - S. 255 PB - GfÖ CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rißmann, Cornelia A1 - Elmer, Michael A1 - Hohberg, Karin A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Xylander, Willi E. R. ED - Holzheu, Stefan ED - Thies, B. T1 - How does the complexity of the food web affect trophic interactions? T2 - Dimensions of ecology - from global change to molecular ecology, (GfÖ) 39th annual conference, University of Bayreuth, 14th - 18th September 2009 Y1 - 2009 SP - S. 111 PB - Bayreuther Zentrum für Ökologie und Umweltforschung (BayCEER) Selbstverlag CY - Bayreuth ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Krümmelbein, Julia A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Soil physical parameters on a recently established agricultrural recultivation site in Eastern Germany T2 - ISTRO 18th Triennial Conference Proceedings, June 15-19, 2009, Izmir, Turkey Y1 - 2009 UR - http://iworx5.webxtra.net/~istroorg/download/ISTRO%202009%20Proceedings.zip SP - T4-028-01 EP - T4-028-04 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Krümmelbein, Julia A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Development of soil physical parameters on initial landforms - An example from a post-mining recultuivation site in Lusatia, East Germany T2 - AGU Fall Meeting Suppl. N2 - Recultivation efforts in mining areas attempt to regenerate soils and landscapes for various land use options and create initial conditions which are beneficial for the development of the future ecosystems. On very young landforms physical and chemical properties of soils play a major role for the further evolution of the developing ecosystem as well as the landforms itself. Less is known about the very first alterations of physical parameters in accordance to different land uses and recultivation practices. Our study deals with the agricultural recultivation of post lignite mining areas in Lusatia, East Germany. The sandy substrate used for recultivation stems from depths of several meters and is therefore free of recent soil organic matter. The substrate itself is unstructured. After it has been excavated and transported on conveyor belts to the recultivation site, it is piled up to dams of a height of 1-4 m and levelled off with heavy crawlers. During these processes the substrate is subjected to strong mechanical stresses. This practice induces compaction which causes decreasing yields of agricultural crops to a certain extent. In this context we are investigating the effect of different organic soil additives in combination with different recultivation crop rotations on the development of soil structure for improved agricultural land use. Our experimental site has recently been heaped up and levelled off. On the 25 experimental sub areas 2175 undisturbed soil samples were taken out of three soil depths to characterize initial physical properties before any recultivation measures have been applied,. We present laboratory results of this status-quo sampling. The results indicate that the site is very heterogeneous in terms of mechanical stability, bulk density, total pore volume, saturated hydraulic conductivity and air permeability. Moreover, our results show that bulk density is not an appropriate parameter to derive soil functions, e.g. permeability or stability. Additionally we found that even in areas of bulk densities > 1.8 g/cm3 and with an inclination < 2 % impressive run-off and gully erosion developed during heavy rainfall events. We conclude that initial processes altering soil physical parameters play a major role for the landform evolution within the first 12 months after dumping. Further studies should reveal the mid-term impact of organic additives on the soils after 7 yrs. Y1 - 2009 SP - EP31B-0593 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rodionov, Andrei A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Trimborn, Manfred A1 - Wagner, S. A1 - Schneider, Bernd Uwe A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Use of commercial soil amendments in initial soils (I) - Impact on yield and basic soil characteristics T2 - EGU General Assembly 2009, Vienna, Austria, 19 – 24 April 2009 Y1 - 2009 N1 - EGU2009-12080 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rißmann, Cornelia A1 - Elmer, Michael A1 - Hohberg, Karin A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Xylander, Willi E. R. T1 - Investigation of initial soil food webs - composition and trophic structure T2 - Structures and processes of the initial ecosystem development, 1st International Conference assoc. with 4th Meeting of Young Researchers in Earth Sciences (MYRES), 20-24 Sept. 2010, Cottbus, Germany Y1 - 2010 SP - S. 94 PB - BTU CY - Cottbus ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Krümmelbein, Julia A1 - Fischer, Scarlett A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Bodenphysikalische Kenngrößen und deren flächenhafte Heterogenität auf einer homogen hergestellten Fläche der Bergbaufolgelandschaft in der Lausitz T2 - Böden - eine endliche Ressource, Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, 5. bis 13. September 2009, Bonn Y1 - 2009 UR - http://eprints.dbges.de/439/1/DBG-Mitteilungen_Bonn2009.pdf UR - http://www.dbges.de PB - Deutsche Bodenkundliche Gesellschaft (Selbstverlag) CY - Bonn ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Krümmelbein, Julia A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. ED - Blum, Winfried E. H. ED - Gerzabek, Martin H. ED - Vodrazka, Martin T1 - Soil mechanical and soil hydraulic parameters on a recently established agricultural recultivation site in Eastern Germany T2 - EUROSOIL 2008, book of abstracts, 25.-29. August 2008, Vienna, Austria Y1 - 2008 SN - 978-3-902382-05-4 SP - S. 297 PB - University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences (BOKU) CY - Wien ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Krümmelbein, Julia A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Soil physical parameters and their heterogeneity on a homogenously established post-mining recultivation site in Eastern Germany T2 - EGU General Assembly 2009, Vienna, Austria, 19 – 24 April 2009 Y1 - 2009 N1 - EGU2009-8183-2 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schmehl, Marie-Therese A1 - Adhikari, Yojana A1 - Balthasar, Cathrina A1 - Binder, Anja A1 - Clerc, Danica A1 - Dobkowitz, Sophia A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Günther, Kristin A1 - Hartong, Heinrich A1 - Heinken, Thilo A1 - Hess, Carsten A1 - Ibisch, Pierre L. A1 - Jouy, Florent A1 - Leinen, Loretta A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Repmann, Frank A1 - Rönnefarth, Susanne A1 - Rohlfs, Lilly A1 - Schirrmacher, Marina A1 - Schröder, Jens A1 - Schüle, Maren A1 - Vieth-Hillebrand, Andrea A1 - Francke, Till T1 - Monitoring abiotic and biotic parameters of forest regrowth under different management regimes on former wildfire sites in northeastern Germany – data from the PYROPHOB project T2 - Earth system science data N2 - We present the data recorded by eight institutions within the PYROPHOB project, running from 2020 to 2024 at two forest research sites in the south-west of Brandenburg, Germany. The aim of the project was to monitor abiotic and biotic parameters of forest regrowth under different management regimes on former wildfire sites in northeastern Germany. The observations comprised intermittent and continuous measurements or surveys on meteorological parameters (rainfall, temperature, vapour pressure deficit), soil (soil type and texture, soil chemistry and leaching, water content, soil temperature), deadwood, stand structure, vegetation regrowth, abundance of selected fauna (moths, beetles, mammals), UAV-based remote sensing (stand structure, spatial overview), and photo monitoring (succession). Thus, the multitude of collected data allows not only for detailed analyses of these observables separately, but also considering their interaction for a more multidisciplinary view on forest recovery after a wildfire. The data are available under the following DOIs: https://doi.org/10.23728/b2share.08a6a8b56f774a08a984871e7ef1b5a8 (Part 1, Schmehl et al., 2025a), under embargo until 31 March 2026 (Part 2, Schmehl et al., 2025b), https://doi.org/10.23728/b2share.de1661761da5481f938caf460e4f0ca9 (Part 3.1, Schmehl et al., 2025c), and https://doi.org/10.23728/b2share.51bdf4b6dc854873b6ff44fdddbf4c3b (Part 3.2, Schmehl et al., 2025d). Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-6295-2025 SN - 1866-3516 VL - 17 IS - 11 SP - 6295 EP - 6313 PB - Copernicus GmbH CY - Göttingen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Subdued mountains of Central Europe T2 - Mid-Latitude Slope Deposits (Cover Beds) Y1 - 2024 SN - 978-0-323-96003-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-96003-8.00011-6 SP - 9 EP - 114 PB - Eslevier ET - Second edition ER - TY - GEN A1 - Matvejeva, Agne A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Heinrich, Martina T1 - Assessing the possibility to cultivate industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) in sandy agricultural soils of Brandenburg under water scarcity and nutrient deficiency T2 - International journal of environmental research N2 - Industrial fiber hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is an annual crop that requires minimal agricultural inputs and has a high potential to improve soil organic matter (SOM) accumulation in sandy soils, including soil fertility and yields. Hemp cultivation, due to rapid growth and high biomass production, in addition to its deep-seated and entrenched roots, has vast potential in carbon (C) sequestration and nitrogen (N) accumulation. The research aims to analyse industrial hemp species Santhica 27 feasibility for fiber cultivation and biomass production in water-scarce and nutrient-deficient sandy soils of Brandenburg. The impact of high (142 plants·m− 2) and low (71 plants·m− 2) planting densities on hemp´s morphological development and productivity, expressed as yields, is also assessed. The results showed that the dry condition with a water deficit of 168.9 mm during the growing period was the main factor significantly impeding hemp`s morphological development and fiber yields. Control treatments with the precipitation sum of 242 mm planted in a lower planting density had on average, significantly taller plants of 122 cm with greater total biomass yield of 3.74 t·ha− 1 dry weight compared to simulated water-scarce dry treatments, with the lowest plant height and total biomass of 69 cm and 1.91 t·ha− 1, respectively, when planted in high density. Although the N content in the original sandy soil was below 1 g·kg− 1, the dry environmental conditions had prompted N accumulation up to 35 N g·kg− 1 in hemp biomass, 18 N g·kg− 1 in lateral roots, and 13 N g·kg− 1 in tap roots. High calcium (Ca) content was found in hemp biomass and lateral roots, whereas potassium (K) content was greater in tap roots. The results suggest that a lower hemp planting density for hemp cultivation should be considered in a water-scarce and nutrient-deficient environment. Moreover, the elemental analysis showed that hemp parts contain considerable amounts of macronutrients, which could be of great importance to the sandy soil´s total nutrient-pool enrichment. KW - Industrial hemp KW - Fiber KW - Biomass KW - Carbon sequestration KW - Nitrogen KW - Roots Y1 - 2026 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s41742-025-01038-5 SN - 1735-6865 VL - 20 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC CY - Cham ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schüle, Maren A1 - Heinken, Thilo A1 - Adhikari, Yojana A1 - Binder, Anja A1 - Clerc, Danica A1 - Dobkowitz, Sophia A1 - Francke, Till A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Hartong, Heinrich A1 - Jouy, Florent A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Repmann, Frank A1 - Rohlfs, Lilly A1 - Rönnefarth, Susanne A1 - Ibisch, Pierre L. T1 - Intensive post‐fire management drives ecosystem degradation but does not prevent tree regeneration T2 - Journal of applied ecology N2 - In recent years, wildfires have affected relatively large areas of managed forests in Central Europe. Often, forestry uses intensive post‐fire management practices, which can have negative effects on various components of the ecosystem. Fire ecology has been largely neglected in Central Europe and strategies for appropriate management and successful reforestation of burned areas are urgently needed. We have studied the effects of different post‐fire forest management treatments (including different levels of salvage logging and soil disturbances such as ploughing or raking) on soil parameters (phosphorus, nitrogen, calcium, potassium, magnesium, pH), microclimate (temperatures, vapour pressure deficit (VPD), heat and drought stress), deadwood, regrowth (biomass of tree regeneration, herb and bryophyte layer) and species richness (plants and saproxylic beetles) 3 years after wildfire in a Central European Scots pine forest (northeast Germany). Intensive forest management led to more unfavourable abiotic conditions, including stronger temperature extremes and elevated VPD. Consequently, vegetation on these sites experienced increased heat and drought stress and reduced nutrient availability. The biomass of the herb and bryophyte layer, as well as the species richness of plants and saproxylic beetles, was lower on completely salvage logged sites. Tree biomass recovered on all sites, including sites with intensive forest management. Tree regeneration in our study area was mainly driven by the recolonization of the pioneer species European aspen (Populus tremula), which can tolerate a wide range of site conditions. Synthesis and applications. We recommend avoiding intensive management on burned sites, such as complete salvage logging or ploughing, as this creates extreme site conditions that could inhibit the regeneration of more sensitive tree species and result in a long‐term legacy of degradation. In addition, herb and bryophyte layers, as well as the species richness of vegetation and saproxylic beetles, which are important components of forest ecosystems, are negatively affected by intense forest management. KW - Deadwood KW - Microclimate dynamics KW - Plant biomass KW - Post-fire forest management KW - Salvage KW - logging KW - Soil nutrient availability KW - Species diversity KW - Tree regeneration Y1 - 2026 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.70257 SN - 0021-8901 SN - 1365-2664 VL - 63 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 17 PB - Wiley ER -