TY - CHAP A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Yair, Aaron A1 - Veste, Maik T1 - Infiltration, water holding capacity and growth patterns of biological soil crusts on sand dunes under arid and temperate climates T2 - EGU General Assembly 2012, held 22-27 April, 2012 in Vienna Y1 - 2012 N1 - EGU2012-5034 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Dolezych, Martina A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Gröschke, Andreas T1 - Pinuxylon succiniferum (GOEPPERT) KRAEUSEL emend. DOLEZYCH - amberized wood from GOEPPERT T2 - Mauritiana Y1 - 2011 SN - 0233-173X VL - 22 SP - 43 EP - 60 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Veste, Maik T1 - Small scale spatial heterogeneity of biological soil crusts during initial ecosystem development T2 - Abstract Book of the 12th European Ecological Federation Congress, 25-29 September 2011, Avila, Spain Y1 - 2011 UR - http://www.desertconsult.de/abstracts/Veste_EEF2011_2.pdf SP - S. 250 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Veste, Maik T1 - Biological soil crusts on inland dunes in NE Germany: Can we link succession with hydrology? T2 - Book of Abstracts Workshop "Biological Soil Crusts in Ecosystems - their Diversity, Ecology, and Management", 22-25. August 2010, Zellingen-Retzbach, Germany Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www.desertconsult.de/abstracts/biocrusts3.pdf SP - S. 52 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Geppert, Helmut A1 - Fischer, Thomas T1 - CHROMATOGRAPHIE-Festphasenmikroextraktion von polaren Verbindungen T2 - Labor Praxis Y1 - 2009 SN - 0344-1733 VL - 33 IS - 1 SP - 46 EP - 47 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Lange, Philipp A1 - Wiehe, Wolfgang T1 - How biological soil crusts are stabilizing the soil surface? The development of organo-mineral interactions in the initial phase T2 - EGU General Assembly 2009, held in Vienna, Austria, 19 – 24 April 2009 Y1 - 2009 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2009/EGU2009-8635.pdf N1 - EGU2009-8635 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Dew formation on the surface of biological soil crusts in central European sand ecosystems T2 - Biogeosciences N2 - Dew formation was investigated in three developmental stages of biological soil crusts (BSC), which were collected along a catena of an inland dune and in the initial substrate. The Penman equation, which was developed for saturated surfaces, was modified for unsaturated surfaces and used for prediction of dewfall rates. The levels of surface saturation required for this approach were predicted using the water retention functions and the thicknesses of the BSCs. During a first field campaign (2–3 August 2011), dewfall increased from 0.042 kg m−2 for the initial sandy substrate to 0.058, 0.143 and 0.178 kg m−2 for crusts 1 to 3, respectively. During a second field campaign (17–18 August 2011), where dew formation was recorded in 1.5 to 2.75-h intervals after installation at 21:30 CEST, dewfall increased from 0.011 kg m−2 for the initial sandy substrate to 0.013, 0.028 and 0.055 kg m−2 for crusts 1 to 3, respectively. Dewfall rates remained on low levels for the substrate and for crust 1, and decreased overnight for crusts 2 and 3 (with crust 3 > crust 2 > crust 1 throughout the campaign). Dew formation was well reflected by the model response. The suggested mechanism of dew formation involves a delay in water saturation in near-surface soil pores and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) where the crusts were thicker and where the water capacity was high, resulting in elevated vapor flux towards the surface. The results also indicate that the amount of dewfall was too low to saturate the BSCs and to observe water flow into deeper soil. Analysis of the soil water retention curves revealed that, despite the sandy mineral matrix, moist crusts clogged by swollen EPS pores exhibited a clay-like behavior. It is hypothesized that BSCs gain double benefit from suppressing their competitors by runoff generation and from improving their water supply by dew collection. Despite higher amounts of dew, the water availability to the crust community decreases with crust development, which may be compensated by ecophysiological adaptation of crust organisms, and which may further suppress higher vegetation or mosses. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-4621-2012 SN - 1726-4189 VL - 9 SP - 4621 EP - 4628 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Brankatschk, Robert A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Zeyer, Josef T1 - Succession of N Cycling Processes in Biological Soil Crusts on a Central European Inland Dune T2 - FEMS Microbiology Ecology N2 - Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are microbial assemblages that occur worldwide and facilitate ecosystem development by nitrogen (N) and carbon accumulation. N turnover within BSC ecosystems has been intensively studied in the past; however, shifts in the N cycle during BSC development have not been previously investigated. Our aim was to characterise N cycle development first by the abundance of the corresponding functional genes (in brackets) and second by potential enzyme activities; we focussed on the four processes: N fixation (nifH), mineralisation as proteolysis and chitinolysis (chiA), nitrification (amoA) and denitrification (nosZ). We sampled from four phases of BSC development and from a reference located in the rooting zone of Corynephorus canescens, on an inland dune in Germany. BSC development was associated with increasing amounts of chlorophyll, organic carbon and N. Potential activities increased and were highest in developed BSCs. Similarly, the abundance of functional genes increased. We propose and discuss three stages of N process succession. First, the heterotrophic stage (mobile sand without BSCs) is dominated by mineralisation activity. Second, during the transition stage (initial BSCs), N accumulates, and potential nitrification and denitrification activity increases. Third, the developed stage (established BSCs and reference) is characterised by the dominance of nitrification. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2012.01459.x SN - 1574-6941 VL - 83 IS - 1 SP - 149 EP - 160 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Xiao, Bo A1 - Wang, Huifang A1 - Fan, Jun A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Veste, Maik T1 - Biological soil crusts decrease soil temperature in summer and increase soil temperature in winter in semiarid environment T2 - Ecological Engineering N2 - In hot and wet conditions in summer, the biological soil crusts (BSCs) decreased soil temperature by up to 11.8 °C, 7.5 °C, 5.4 °C, and 3.2 °C at surface, 5 cm, 15 cm, and 30 cm, respectively; while in cold and dry conditions in winter the BSCs increased soil temperature by up to 1.2 °C, 1.2 °C, and 1.1 °C at 5 cm, 15 cm, and 30 cm, respectively. The daily mean soil temperatures of the BSCs in a whole year were averagely increased by 0.57 ± 0.04 °C, 0.31 ± 0.04 °C, and 0.22 ± 0.04 °C at 5 cm, 15 cm, and 30 cm, respectively. The effects of the BSCs on soil temperature were positively correlated with air temperature and soil moisture, and decreased with soil depth from surface to deep soil. We concluded that BSCs relieved the extreme hot and cold soil micro-environments in desert ecosystem to some extent. Therefore their effects on soil temperature are positive for improving water and nutrient availability and biological community structure, thus decreasing susceptibility to desertification. These results would be helpful for understanding the ecological and hydrological functions of BSCs in semiarid environment. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.06.009 SN - 0925-8574 VL - 58 SP - 52 EP - 56 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Yair, Aaron A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Geppert, Helmut T1 - Hydraulic properties of biological soil crusts on sand dunes studied by 13C-CP/MAS-NMR: a comparison between an arid and a temperate site T2 - Catena N2 - Using principal component analysis (PCA), we studied the relationships between hydraulic properties and 13C-CP/MAS-NMR shift regions of biological soil crusts (BSCs) on sand dunes under arid and temperate conditions. The arid study site was located near Nizzana, in the northwestern Negev, Israel and the temperate site was near Lieberose, Brandenburg, Germany. BSCs were sampled at each site near the dune crest, at the center of the dune slope and at the dune base. The soil texture was finer and water holding capacities (WHCs) were higher in Nizzana, whereas surface wettability was reduced in Lieberose. At both sites, BSCs caused extra WHC compared to the mineral substrate. Infiltration after wetting along both catenas generally reached a maximum after 10 min and decreased after 30 min. Carbohydrates were the dominating components in all of the BSCs studied, where the relative peak areas of carbohydrate-derived structures (60–110 ppm) amounted to 28–46% and to 10–14% of total C-peak areas, respectively. PCA revealed that the WHC of the substrate was closely related to the amount of silt and clay, whereas the BSC induced extra WHC was closely related to carbohydrates. It was further found that water repellency was positively related to carbohydrate C, but negatively related to alkyl C. Infiltration kinetics was attributed to polysaccharide hydration and swelling. Our findings support the hypothesis that hydraulic properties of BSCs are determined by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and soil texture. Hydraulic properties in BSCs result from the combination of chemical properties related to C compounds mainly dominated by carbohydrates and physical surface properties related to texture, porosity and water holding capacity. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2013.06.002 SN - 0341-8162 VL - 110 SP - 155 EP - 160 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Iurchenko, Valentina A1 - Mykhailova, Larysa A1 - Fischer, Thomas T1 - Kinetic Characteristics of Petrochemicals Transposition and Accumulation in Soils of Roadside Area T2 - Transbaltica 2013 Conference Proceedings, 09.-10. May 2013, Vilnius, Lithuania Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3846/transbaltica2013.016 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mykhailova, Larysa A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Iurchenko, Valentina T1 - Distribution and fractional composition of petroleum hydrocarbons in roadside soils T2 - Applied and Environmental Soil Science Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/938703 VL - 2013 IS - ID 938703 SP - 1 EP - 6 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wang, Haijing A1 - Geppert, Helmut A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Wieprecht, Wolfgang A1 - Möller, Detlev T1 - Determination of volatile organic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in crude oil with efficient gas-chromatographic methods T2 - Journal of Chromatographic Science N2 - Determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in crude oil, such as super volatile organic compounds (super VOCs) and simple polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), is vital for targeting crude oil spill spots. In this study, a static headspace gas chromatography flame ionization detection method was established for determination of super VOCs in crude oil with both external and internal standard determination, which can be used in the field when using portable gas chromatography. Identification was done by comparing the retention time with the corresponding standards and quantitation was done with a new one-drop method. Another simplified and efficient method was performed to analyze volatile PAHs in crude oil, which can also be used in field analysis. Toluene was used as the extraction solvent for PAHs in crude oil. Method validation for both analyses was satisfactory. The result showed that n-butane and n-pentane were maximum super VOCs and naphthalene, phenanthrene and fluorene were the main PAHs in the crude oil studied. The super VOCs quantity ranged from 3 to 6% and the main PAHs consisted of 0.02–0.06% of studied crude oil. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/bmu113 SN - 1945-239X VL - 53 IS - 5 SP - 647 EP - 654 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mykhailova, Larysa A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Iurchenko, Valentina T1 - Deposition of petroleum hydrocarbons with sediment trapped in snow in roadside areas T2 - Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management N2 - Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) deposition rates were determined along various roads using the natural snow cover as deposition trap. Daily deposition rates decreased with distance from the roads, which coincided with long-term TPH accumulation in roadside soils. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX) of the snow meltwater sediment revealed occurrence of carbon-rich plaques, which were identified as hydrocarbons using FTIR-microscopy. GC-MS revealed that the compounds extracted from the sediment consisted of an unresolved complex hydrocarbon mixture (UCM). Individual n-alkanes could not be resolved in the sediment extract, whereas TPHs extracted from soils contained a series of n-alkanes peaking at C25-C27. The proportion of UCM compounds from TPHs decreased with distance from road. We conclude that high-boiling hydrocarbons bind to coarse mineral dust and/or to splash water and vehicle spray, which preferentially deposit within a 10 m roadside strip. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2014.889698 SN - 1822-4199 VL - 22 IS - 3 SP - 237 EP - 244 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Mykhailova, Larysa T1 - Ecological Maturity and Drought Stress of Biological Soil Crusts along a Central European Inland Dune Catena T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April – 02 May 2014 Y1 - 2014 N1 - EGU2014-11377 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Yair, Aaron A1 - Geppert, Helmut A1 - Veste, Maik T1 - Water repellency and infiltration of biological soil crusts on an arid and a temperate dunes T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April – 02 May 2014 Y1 - 2014 N1 - EGU2014-12175 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Fischer, Thomas T1 - Initial pedogenesis in biological soil crusts T2 - Nasledie I. V. Tjurina v sovremennych issledovanijach v počvovedenii: materialy Meždunarodnoj naučnoj konferencii, Kazan', 15 - 17, oktjabrja 2013 Y1 - 2013 UR - http://kpfu.ru/docs/F928601744/Materialy.konferencii.Tjurina._1_.pdf SN - 978-5-9222-0726-3 SP - 19 EP - 21 PB - Izdat. Otečestvo CY - Kazan', Russian Federation ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wang, Haijing A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Wieprecht, Wolfgang A1 - Möller, Detlev T1 - A predictive method for crude oil volatile organic compounds emission from soil: Evaporation and diffusion behavior investigation of binary gas mixtures T2 - Environmental Science and Pollution Research N2 - Due to their mobility and toxicity, crude oil volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are representative components for oil pipeline contaminated sites detection. Therefore, contaminated location risk assessment, with airborne light detection and ranging (LIDAR) survey, in particular, requires ground-based determinative methods for oil VOCs, the interaction between oil VOCs and soil, and information on how they diffuse from underground into atmosphere. First, we developed a method for determination of crude oil VOC binary mixtures (take n-pentane and n-hexane as examples), taking synergistic effects of VOC mixtures on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibers into consideration. Using this method, we further aim to extract VOCs from small volumes, for example, from soil pores, using a custom-made sampling device for nondestructive SPME fiber intrusion, and to study VOC transport through heterogeneous porous media. Second, specific surface Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis was conducted and used for estimation of VOC isotherm parameters in soil. Finally, two models were fitted for VOC emission prediction, and the results were compared to the experimental emission results. It was found that free diffusion mode worked well, and an empirical correction factor seems to be needed for the other model to adapt to our condition for single and binary systems. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-4049-3 SN - 0944-1344 SN - 1614-7499 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Subbotina, Maria T1 - Climatic and soil texture threshold values for cryptogamic cover development: a meta analysis T2 - Biologia N2 - In a global meta study, which contained 157 biological soil crust (BSC) samples from all climatic regions worldwide, climatic and soil texture threshold values favoring BSC development were derived. Response variable was the “relative crust biomass”, which was computed per literature source as the ratio between each individual crust biomass value of the given study to the study maximum value reported. Four crust types were distinguished: cyanobacterial, lichen, green algal and moss crusts. To quantify threshold conditions at which crust biomass responded to differences in texture and climate, we (I) determined correlations between bioclimatic variables, (II) calculated generalized linear models to determine the effect of typical climatic variables with soil clay content and with study site as a random effect. (III) Thresholds of climatic and texture effects were identified using a regression tree. Three mean annual temperature classes for texture dependent BSC growth limitation were identified: (1) <9°C with a threshold value of 25% silt and clay (limited growth on coarser soils), (2) 9–19°C, where texture did have no influence on relative crust biomass, and (3) >19°C at soils with <4 or >17% silt and clay. Non of the precipitation related bioclimatic variables did influence the relative crust biomass significantly. Because biocrust development is limited under certain climatic and soil texture conditions, it is suggested to consider soil texture in biogeochemical modeling of cryptogamic ground covers. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-014-0464-7 SN - 1336-9563 SN - 0006-3088 VL - 69 IS - 11 SP - 1520 EP - 1530 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Gypser, Stella A1 - Subbotina, Maria A1 - Veste, Maik T1 - Hydraulic and nutritional feedback controls surface patchiness of biological soil crusts at a post-mining site T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015 Y1 - 2015 N1 - EGU2015-4551 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mykhailova, Larysa A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Iurchenko, Valentina T1 - Microbial activity and soil organic matter decay in roadside soils polluted with petroleum hydrocarbons T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015 Y1 - 2015 N1 - EGU2015-1728 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Subbotina, Maria T1 - Soil texture and climatc conditions for biocrust growth limitation: a meta analysis T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015 Y1 - 2015 N1 - EGU2015-1197 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wang, Haijing A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Wieprecht, Wolfgang A1 - Möller, Detlev T1 - A predictive method for volatile organic compounds emission from soil: Evaporation and diffusion behavior investigation of a representative component of crude oil T2 - Science of the Total Environment Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.05.063 SN - 1879-1026 VL - 530-531 SP - 38 EP - 44 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wang, Haijing A1 - Geppert, Helmut A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Wieprecht, Wolfgang A1 - Möller, Detlef T1 - Determination of Sucrose in Honey with Derivatization/Solid-Phase-Microextraction and Gas-Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. T2 - Journal of Chromatographic Science N2 - A new method for the determination of sucrose in honey with derivatization solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (D-SPME–GC/MS) was developed. The method incorporates a sample derivatization with acetic anhydride using N-methylimidazole as the catalyst and the subsequent enrichment of the analyte in a Polyacrylate-SPME fiber. Results show that 100 µL N-methylimidazole and 800 µL acetic anhydride were sufficient to complete the acetylation for sucrose in 100 µL aqueous sample at room temperature. For SPME, an enrichment time of 30 min was sufficient. SPME was performed by immersing the fiber into the solution with additional vibration. Then, the analyte was desorbed for 5 min at 280°C in the GC/MS injection port with splitless mode. The present method exhibits good linearity at a concentration range of 0.3–8% of sucrose in honey with excellent regression (R = 0.9993). The method has been successfully applied to the control of sucrose adulteration in honey. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/bmv044 VL - 53 IS - 9 SP - 1427 EP - 1431 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Subbotina, Maria A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Mikhailova, Lyudmila A1 - Losev, Daniil T1 - The influence of postagrogenic transformation on biological properties of soddy shallow clay loam podzolic soil in the Preduralie. T2 - Agriculture & Forestry Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.17707/AgricultForest.62.1.06 SN - 1800-6492 VL - 62 IS - 1 SP - 59 EP - 63 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ziems, Christian A1 - Fischer, Ulrich A1 - Krautz, Hans Joachim A1 - Luschtinetz, Thomas A1 - Lehmann, Jochen T1 - Project presentation-Novel 3D porous electrode materials for more efficient alkaline water electrolysis-AEL3D T2 - Nutzung regenerativer Energiequellen und Wasserstofftechnik 2016, 23. Symposium Nutzung Regenerativer Energiequellen und Wasserstofftechnik, Stralsund, 3. - 5. November 2016 Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-9817740-1-6 SP - 175 EP - 181 PB - Fachhochschule CY - Stralsund ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fischer, Thomas T1 - Humic supramolecular structures have polar surfaces and unpolar cores in native soil T2 - Chemosphere N2 - It was the aim of our study to prove the hypothesis that humic substances (HS) in native soil are spatially arranged in descending order of polarity, meaning that highly polar supramolecular subunits shield less polar subunits against the free soil solution and form layers of descending polarity. To address this aim, we consecutively extracted humic substances from soil with 8 M (HS1), 4 M (HS2), 2 M (HS3), 1 M (HS4) and 0.5 M LiCl (HS5) solution in 0.2 M LiOH after Cu²⁺ adsorption in batch soil column experiments. Adsorption was performed for 1, 10 and 60 min with concentrations ranging from 9.5 to 110 mg L¹⁻Cu²⁺ in 0.02 M CaCl₂ solution. We assumed that high ionic strength facilitates extraction of most polar organic compounds, with polarity of the extracted HS decreasing with decreasing ionic strength, and that Cu extracted together with the successive HS solely formed coordination complexes, facilitating its use as a tracer for organic matter studies. We hypothesized a delayed Cu adsorption on the less polar fractions in case of spatial shielding due to interception on overlying fractions, and a concurrent Cu adsorption in case of random spatial arrangement. It was concluded that humic substances are shielded against each other in the order of descending polarity of the supramolecular subunits (free soil solution | HS1 | HS2 | HS3 | HS4 | HS5). Y1 - 2017 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045653517308317 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.125 SN - 1879-1298 VL - 183 SP - 437 EP - 443 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kuhn, Ramona A1 - Tóth, Elisabeth A1 - Geppert, Helmut A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Martienssen, Marion T1 - Identification of the Complete Photodegradation Pathway of Ethylenediaminetetra(methylenephosphonic acid) in Aqueous Solution T2 - Clean - soil, air, water : a journal of sustainability and environmental safety N2 - This study aims at investigating the abiotic degradation pathway of ethylenediaminetetra(methylenephosphonic acid) (EDTMP) simulated applying UV irradiation. The degradation of EDTMP and formation of degradation products was determined using LC-MS and ³¹P-NMR. In the laboratory scale experiments, EDTMP was degraded within 30 min and the degradation products, iminodi(methylenephosphonic acid) (IDMP), ethylaminobis(methylenephosphonic acid) (EABMP), and amino- (methylenephosphonic acid) (AMPA), were simultaneously released. IDMP was the main degradation product of EDTMP. Therefore, we conclude that the initial cleavage of EDTMP is a heterolytically driven process, which starts the degradation process at the intramolecular C-N bond. In contrast, the main product of a possible homolytic C-C cleavage of methylaminobis(methylenephosphonic acid) could not be confirmed with either LC-MS or ³¹P-NMR. Additionally, there was no evidence for a primary attack on the C-P bond. All identified degradation products of EDTMP have been mineralized to carbon dioxide (CO₂). Three additional degradation products (M1, M2, and M3) have been found using the ³¹P-NMR analysis but have not yet been quantified using LC-MS. We assume that the unidentified degradation product M1 is related to m/z 312, M2 to m/z 341, and M3 to m/z 409. Thus we concluded that EDTMP undergoes photochemical conversion to IDMP, the main degradation product. EABMP and AMPA also accumulate, but in smaller amounts. All intermediates are further mineralized to CO₂. KW - EDTMP KW - LC-MS KW - 31P-NMR KW - Phosphonates KW - Photodegradation Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.201500774 SN - 1863-0669 VL - 45 IS - 5 SP - 1 EP - 8 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Radow, Georg A1 - Breuß, Michael A1 - Hoeltgen, Laurent A1 - Fischer, Thomas ED - Sharma, Puneet ED - Filippo, Maria Bianchi T1 - Optimised Anisotropic Poisson Denoising T2 - Image Analysis, 20th Scandinavian Conference, SCIA 2017, Tromsø, Norway, June 12–14, 2017, Proceedings, Part I Y1 - 2017 SN - 978-3-319-59126-1 SN - 978-3-319-59125-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59126-1_42 SP - 502 EP - 514 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - GEN A1 - Busse, Ralph-Peter A1 - Fischer, Gert A1 - Gebauer, Gert A1 - Höfler, Frank A1 - Junker, Sabine A1 - Kramer, Thomas A1 - Opperskalski, Stephan A1 - Potthoff, Ulrich A1 - Remus, Ricardo A1 - Schlamkow, Christian A1 - Schmidt, Wolfgang A1 - Scobel, Ekkehard A1 - Stopp, Horst A1 - Strangfeld, Peter A1 - Trang, Ngyen Thi Thu A1 - Völker, Eduard A1 - Vukorep, Ilija A1 - Weidhase, Frieder A1 - Winzer, Reinhard ED - Stopp, Horst ED - Strangfeld, Peter T1 - Floating Architecture - Construction on and near water T1 - Schwimmende Architektur – Bauen am und auf dem Wasser N2 - The publishers are receiving more and more inquiries about the topic “Floating Architecture”, particularly about technical details, water chemistry, as well as ice and wave problems. Since there is a lack of technical literature on this topic, most students working on projects or theses related to this topic send their inquiries. A time of general and quick changes results in a large number of daily publications. Therefore it is difficult to understand why there is a lack of lit-erature about floating structures. One has to consider that sea levels will continue to rise and consequently a larger number of people will have to live on the surface of the sea. Obviously, some expert knowledge is required which needs a longer period of time to be gained through scientific advancements and experience. The publishers, who have been dealing with the topic of floating houses for some years, are grateful to the authors for their agreement to allow the publication of their papers on floating architecture. These papers were mainly prepared for two conferences on floating architecture held in the study centre of the IBA building, Großräschen. Therefore, the reader should know that, along with the usual papers, only a selection of self-explaining transparencies is shown in order to meet the printing requirements. The included list of both the authors and their addresses makes it easy for interested people to send any inquiries to them. A short introduction as well as an outlook at the end of each paper is meant to draw attention to current events in order to be able to promptly identify opportunities and risks connected with living on the water. KW - Floating architecture KW - Floating buildings Y1 - 2017 SN - 978-3-643-90910-7 PB - LIT-Verlag CY - Berlin ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mykhailova, Larysa A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Iurchenko, Valentina T1 - Microbial activity and decomposition of soil organic matter in roadside soils contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons T2 - CLEAN - Soil Air Water N2 - Petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs) are the most widespread organic pollutants of roadside soils, the reclamation of which is costly due to large areas affected, and natural PHs biodegradation is the only way of mitigating negative ecological consequences. This study aimed to investigate the microbial response to PHs in roadside soils and to identify soil organic matter (SOM) and PHs involved in biodegradation processes. To address this aim, soil respiration is related to light (chain‐length ≤C14) medium (C15–C27), and heavy fractions (≥C28) of total PHs, and to SOM components: carbohydrates, proteins, lignin, aliphates, carbonyl/carboxyl, and char amounts of soils sampled at distances of up to 100 m from three roads in Kharkiv, Ukraine. A close relation between soil respiration and ratio of the light fraction to the sum of medium and heavy alkane fractions indicate the preferential mineralization of more biodegradable light PHs fractions. A positive relation between soil respiration and carbohydrate C, as well as negative correlation with aliphatic C, indicate preferred degradation of carbohydrates compared to more recalcitrant aliphates. Carbohydrate content increased and aliphatic C decreased with distance from the roads, and carbohydrates decreased with PHs concentration, indicating increased degradation of carbohydrates at high PHs concentrations (positive priming). It is concluded that microorganisms generate the energy required for PHs degradation by enhanced oxidation of native SOM where carbohydrates were of paramount importance. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.201800132 SN - 1863-0669 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kuhn, Ramona A1 - Jensch, Robert A1 - Bryant, Isaac Mbir A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Liebsch, Stephan A1 - Martienssen, Marion T1 - The influence of selected bivalent metal ions on the photolysis of diethylenetriamine penta(methylenephosphonic acid) T2 - Chemosphere N2 - DTPMP is predominantly utilized as scale inhibitor. We investigated the reaction rates and degradation mechanism of DTPMP with and without addition of Fe²⁺, Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ by performing LC/MS and ³¹P-NMR analyses. DTPMP undergoes conversion with and without addition of bivalent metal ions. The initial cleavage of DTPMP is initiated at the C-N bond leading to release of IDMP as its major breakdown product. The release of smaller quantities of EABMP and AMPA confirmed the nucleophilic attack on the DTPMP amines. Oxidation of Fe²⁺ to Fe³⁺ during the initial 30 min indicated an intramolecular electron transfer changing the electron density distribution at the nitrogen centre, which increased the radical attack during UV irradiation. Independent of the fact that Fe acted as catalyst and Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ acted as reactants, we found no significant differences in their degradation mechanisms. However, the reaction rates were strongly affected by the addition of the bivalent metal ions as Fe²⁺ accelerated most DTPMP degradation followed by Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺. The UV treatment without metal ion addition was four times slower compared with Fe²⁺ addition. We conclude that in environments rich in ferrous iron and/or at reduced redox potential, photolysis of DTPMP will be catalysed by iron and will lead to accumulation of IDMP, EABMP and AMPA and several other none-quantifiable breakdown products. KW - DTPMP KW - Ferrous ion KW - LC/MS KW - Phosphonates KW - Photolysis Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.033 SN - 0045-6535 IS - 210 SP - 726 EP - 733 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schmidt, Thomas A1 - Ahrens, Christian A1 - Flege, Jan Ingo A1 - Jaye, Cherno A1 - Fischer, Daniel A. A1 - Falta, Jens T1 - Growth of Epitaxial 3,4,9,10-Perylene Tetracarboxylic Dianhydride on Bi-Terminated Silicon T2 - Journal of Physical Chemistry C N2 - The epitaxial quality of thin films crucially depends on their interaction with the substrate. Up to now, Ag-terminated Si(111) has been employed as the model substrate for the growth of 3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) on semiconductors. In this study, we will show that Bi termination results in PTCDA films of superior epitaxial quality. We have studied the growth of PTCDA on bismuth-passivated Si(111) in detail by means of spot profile analysis of low-energy electron diffraction (SPA-LEED), X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), near-edge X-ray absorptionfine structure (NEXAFS), and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The XPS results reveal the presence of intact PTCDA molecules on the surface upon adsorption. NEXAFS data indicate the PTCDA molecules being oriented with their molecular plane parallel to the surface. STM shows a very smooth growth front of the PTCDA film, preserving the step structure of the substrate. High-resolution SPA-LEED data demonstrate the presence of a multidomain surface with a rich variety of PTCDA surface structures, which were identified to be most prominently herring-bone polytypes. However, in the monolayer range, quadratic brick-wall structures and a nearly square-like structure as well as a perylene-like structure have also been found. Despite the simultaneous presence of multiple domains, the individual domains show excellent lateral ordering, with larger domain sizes as compared to the case of Ag-terminated Si(111). KW - dianhydride KW - Bi-terminated silicon KW - spot profile analysis of low-energy electron diffraction (SPA-LEED) KW - X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) KW - near-edge X-ray absorptionfine structure (NEXAFS) KW - scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b10396 SN - 1932-7447 SN - 1932-7455 VL - 123 IS - 12 SP - 7097 EP - 7109 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fischer, Thomas T1 - PCA-based Supervised Identification of Biological Soil Crusts in Multispectral Images T2 - MethodsX N2 - It was the aim of the method development to classify types of various biological soil crusts (biocrusts) using principle component analysis (PCA) on multispectral images. To address this aim, visible (RGB) and NIR images of bare sandy soil, algal and moss biocrusts were registered, per channel reflection values were determined using a calibration color chart on a pixel basis, and a PCA was performed on the unfolded RGB-NIR reflectance hypercubes (i.e. three-dimensional hypercubes were transformed into x.y × λ 2D-matrices with λ channels serving as variables for PCA). The classification approach was based on the hypothesis that biocrust types map specifically in PCA ordination plots, meaning that distinct regions in ordination plots may be assigned specifically to individual biocrust types. Reallocation of the pixels assigned to biocrust types to their respective image coordinates would then yield biocrust classification plots. Allows manual selection of features or identification of given features in PCA ordination plots. Fully permits the selection of relevant and omission of irrelevant, as well as identification of unknown classes. It is not restricted to RGB-NIR multispectral data only, but may be applied to any type of multimodal imaging data. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2019.03.013 SN - 2215-0161 VL - 6 SP - 764 EP - 772 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hinz, Christoph A1 - Hafar, Brian A1 - Fischer, Thomas T1 - Heavy metal mobilisation of salt affected soils and sediments: Assessing the role of chloride complex formation. T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria, 7–12 April 2019 N2 - Terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems are increasingly exposed to high level of salt (NaCl) concentrations. Impacts of increased salt concentration on mobilisation of heavy metals have been shown for road side soils receiving de-icing salt, for sediments and soils exposed to salt water intrusions, and soils and aquifers receiving runoff from salt mines. In fact, this study was motivated by the impact of salt dumps on soil and groundwater observed for potash mines in the central part of Germany. The objectives of this contribution is to asses the impact of NaCl concentration on heavy metal mobilization using speciation modelling. In particular, we focus on the effect of chloride complex formation in solution and how strongly this complex formation is “extracting” heavy metal cation from soil and sediments substrates. As experimental data for speciation at very high ionic strength is not readily available and not easily measurable, we focus on PHREEQC modelling to assess NaCl concentration ranges up to 3 M, needing to employ Pitzer equation as the activity model. In order to determine the competition of surface reaction and complex formation in aqueous solution, we used three reaction models: i) surface complexation with a high and low affinity site for iron hydroxide, ii) a heterogeneous binding site model for humic acids and iii) ion exchange as described with Rothmund-Kornfeld equation We did a series of simulations for Zn, Cd and Pb. Species distribution for the aqueous phase and the solid surfaces where determined by increasing NaCl solutions for a given total heavy metal concentration. In nearly all simulations conducted, the difference between simulations allowing chloride complexes to form and simulations where complexation is disabled, showed the emergence of a characteristic concentration range of NaCl for which the effect of chloride complexation reaches a maximum. In general, the range of highest sensitivity concerning mobilization occurs within the range of 1-3M NaCl for all simulations. At the lower end of this range shows the highest sensitivity to NaCl changes and is determined by several factors including the affinity to bonding sites and the speciation of an element along the salinity gradient. The peak of this curve is controlled by the point along the salinity gradient where the majority of heavy metal has been mobilized from the surface phase. One important outcome of this study is, that increasing NaCl background concentration behaves in a nonlinear way that is determined by the heterogeneity of the surface binding sites and that there is no simple way of assessing the mobilization potential of chloride complexation in soils and sediments. Y1 - 2019 UR - https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2019/EGU2019-17360.pdf CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kuhn, Ramona A1 - Jensch, Robert A1 - Bryant, Isaac Mbir A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Liebsch, Stephan A1 - Martienssen, Marion T1 - Rapid sample clean-up procedure for aminophosphonate determination by LC/MS analysis T2 - Talanta N2 - Aminophosphonates are commonly utilised for complexing bivalent ions such as calcium and magnesium. With regard to environmental samples, the analysis of these highly polar compounds is still challenging due to matrix effects and lacking analytical standard methods. We have recently developed a LC/MS method for common aminophosphonates without derivatisation. This LC/MS method delivers precise and accurate measurement for standard samples with very low concentration of cations disturbing the analysis. However, due to matrix effects this LC/MS method requires a sample clean-up being also applicable to natural water or wastewater samples. We developed and optimised a sample clean-up procedure applying strong cation exchange resin Dowex 50WX8. This clean-up allows a single LC/MS analysis of hydroxyethelidene(diphosphonic acid) (HEDP), aminotris(methylenephosphonic acid) (ATMP), ethylenediaminetetra(methyloenephosphonic acid) (EDTMP), diethylenetriaminepenta(methylenephosphonic acid) (DTPMP) and its major intermediates amino(methylphosphonic acid) (AMPA) and iminodi(methylenephosphonic acid) (IDMP). We compared different test conditions with six aminophosphonates in either ultra pure water or tap water. The latter was used to simulate cation concentrations typical for natural waters. To elute all aminophosphonate including AMPA, ammonium acetate addition was necessary. The addition of ammonium acetate was combinable with all tested aminophosphonates and provides high sample quality for LC/MS analysis. For acceptable recovery, the smallest aminophosphonate AMPA required the highest addition of ammonium acetate (1000 mg L-1) during the sample clean-up. Finally, the optimised clean-up procedure was successfully applied to identify and quantify phosphonates from an industrial wastewater sample. The sample clean-up procedure is simple, cheap, rapid and precise and can be further combined with solid phase extraction and more sensitive LC/MS methods. KW - Phosphontes Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120454 SN - 0039-9140 VL - 208 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wanner, Manfred A1 - Birkhofer, Klaus A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Shimizu, Miki A1 - Shimano, Satoshi D. A1 - Puppe, Daniel T1 - Soil Testate Amoebae and Diatoms as Bioindicators of an Old Heavy Metal Contaminated Floodplain in Japan T2 - Microbial Ecology Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-019- 01383-x SN - 1432-184X SN - 0095-3628 VL - 79 IS - 1 SP - 123 EP - 133 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kuhn, Ramona A1 - Jensch, Robert A1 - Bryant, Isaac Mbir A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Liebsch, Stephan A1 - Martienssen, Marion T1 - Photodegradation of ethylenediaminetetra(methylenephosphonic acid) – The effect of the system configuration T2 - Journal of Photochemistry & Photobiology A: Chemistry N2 - Photodegradation of aminophosphonates such as ethylenediaminetetra(methylenephosphonic acid) (EDTMP) is recently assumed being the major degradation pathway in aquatic environments. Several photolysis studies were reported about EDTMP and possible breakdown products occurring in natural ecosystems. Reliable prediction of environmental photolysis of parent compounds and possible release of breakdown products requires different set-up conditions and varying the parameters influencing the photodegradation. We studied the influence of three different system configurations during UV degradation of EDTMP. These three configurations differed either in geometry and/or treated sample volumes. System 1 was equipped with a direct cooling jacket at the UV lamp. System 2 had the geometry of system 1 but there was no usage of a direct cooling jacket. System 3 was a gas-tight system with a larger sample volume. Using the chemical actinometer potassium ferrioxalate, we determined the highest photon flux for system 3 followed by system 2 and 1. In addition, we performed scavenger experiments with methanol and ascorbic acid in order to prove the dominating radical species. In system 1, the addition of methanol showed almost no effect while the ascorbic acid resulted in a reduction of 57.1% orthophosphate released. Therefore we conclude that in system 1 the radical-drive degradation of EDTMP is mainly based on superoxide radicals. In system 2 and 3 both radical species, i.e., hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals, contribute to the photodegradation of EDTMP. We determined different half-lives for EDTMP for the three different systems configurations. For system 1, the estimated half-life achieved was 14.09 ± 0.15 min. For system 2 and 3, the half-lives were almost similar and averaged 4.75 ± 0.05 min and 5.02 ± 0.20 min, respectively. Contrary to our assumption to also find the highest degradation rate for system 3, we found the highest degradation rate for system configuration 2 as a result of the differences in the construction and geometry of the three systems. Our findings lead us to recommend the three system configuration for different research purposes. Thus, we recommend system 1 for detailed studies on the degradation pathway of the parent compound and their breakdown products. System 2 is recommended as a suitable configuration for kinetic studies of the parent compound. And finally, we recommend the system configuration 3 for complete mass balances. The gas-tight system allows determining all soluble and gaseous compounds. KW - Phosphonates KW - Photodegradation KW - Photon flux KW - Scavenger KW - LC/MS KW - Actinometry Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.112192 SN - 1010-6030 VL - 388 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Tingyi A1 - Moreau, Danielle J. A1 - Geyer, Thomas A1 - Fischer, Jeoffrey A1 - Doolan, Con T1 - Dataset on tip vortex formation noise produced by wall-mounted finite airfoils with flat and rounded tip geometries T2 - Data in Brief Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2019.105058 SN - 2352-3409 VL - 28 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Tingyi A1 - Moreau, Danielle J. A1 - Geyer, Thomas A1 - Fischer, Jeoffrey A1 - Doolan, Con T1 - Dataset on tip vortex formation noise produced by wall-mounted finite airfoils with sinusoidal and porous tip geometries T2 - Data in Brief Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2020.105471 SN - 2352-3409 VL - 30 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schlykow, Viktoria A1 - Manganelli, Constanza Lucia A1 - Römer, Friedhard A1 - Clausen, Caterina J. A1 - Augel, Lion A1 - Schulze, Jörg A1 - Katzer, Jens A1 - Schubert, Michael Andreas A1 - Witzigmann, Bernd A1 - Schroeder, Thomas A1 - Capellini, Giovanni A1 - Fischer, Inga Anita T1 - Ge(Sn) nano-island/Si heterostructure photodetectors with plasmonic antennas T2 - Nanotechnology Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ab91ef SN - 1361-6528 VL - 31 IS - 34 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Manzoni, Stefano A1 - Chakrawal, Arjun A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Schimel, Joshua P. A1 - Porporato, Amilcare A1 - Vico, Giulia T1 - Rainfall intensification increases the contribution of rewetting pulses to soil respiration T2 - Biogeosciences N2 - Soil drying and wetting cycles promote carbon (C) release through large heterotrophic respiration pulses at rewetting, known as the “Birch” effect. Empirical evidence shows that drier conditions before rewetting and larger changes in soil moisture at rewetting cause larger respiration pulses. Because soil moisture varies in response to rainfall, these respiration pulses also depend on the random timing and intensity of precipitation. In addition to rewetting pulses, heterotrophic respiration continues during soil drying, eventually ceasing when soils are too dry to sustain microbial activity. The importance of respiration pulses in contributing to the overall soil heterotrophic respiration flux has been demonstrated empirically, but no theoretical investigation has so far evaluated how the relative contribution of these pulses may change along climatic gradients or as precipitation regimes shift in a given location. To fill this gap, we start by assuming that heterotrophic respiration rates during soil drying and pulses at rewetting can be treated as random variables dependent on soil moisture fluctuations, and we develop a stochastic model for soil heterotrophic respiration rates that analytically links the statistical properties of respiration to those of precipitation. Model results show that both the mean rewetting pulse respiration and the mean respiration during drying increase with increasing mean precipitation. However, the contribution of respiration pulses to the total heterotrophic respiration increases with decreasing precipitation frequency and to a lesser degree with decreasing precipitation depth, leading to an overall higher contribution of respiration pulses under future more intermittent and intense precipitation. Specifically, higher rainfall intermittency at constant total rainfall can increase the contribution of respiration pulses up to ∼10 % or 20 % of the total heterotrophic respiration in mineral and organic soils, respectively. Moreover, the variability of both components of soil heterotrophic respiration is also predicted to increase under these conditions. Therefore, with future more intermittent precipitation, respiration pulses and the associated nutrient release will intensify and become more variable, contributing more to soil biogeochemical cycling. Y1 - 2020 UR - https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/17/4007/2020/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4007-2020 VL - 17 IS - 15 SP - 4007 EP - 4023 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jurischka, Christoph A1 - Dinter, Franziska A1 - Efimova, Anastasia A1 - Weiss, Romano A1 - Schiebel, Juliane A1 - Schulz, Christian A1 - Fayziev, Bekzodjon A1 - Schierack, Peter A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Rödiger, Stefan T1 - An explorative study of polymers for 3D printing of bioanalytical test systems T2 - Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation N2 - Background: The 3D printing is relevant as a manufacturing technology of functional models for forensic, pharmaceutical and bioanalytical applications such as drug delivery systems, sample preparation and point-of-care tests. Objective: Melting behavior and autofluorescence of materials are decisive for optimal printing and applicability of the product which are influenced by varying unknown additives. Methods: We have produced devices for bioanalytical applications from commercially available thermoplastic polymers using a melt-layer process. We characterized them by differential scanning calorimetry, fluorescence spectroscopy and functional assays (DNA capture assay, model for cell adhesion, bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation test). Results: From 14 tested colored, transparent and black materials we found only deep black acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and some black polylactic acid (PLA) useable for fluorescence-based assays, with low autofluorescence only in the short-wave range of 300-400 nm. PLA was suitable for standard bioanalytical purposes due to a glass transition temperature of approximately 60°C, resistance to common laboratory chemicals and easy print processing. For temperature-critical methods, such as hybridization reactions up to 90°C, ABS was better suited. Conclusions: Autofluorescence was not a disadvantage per se but can also be used as a reference signal in assays. The rapid development of individual protocols for sample processing and analysis required the availability of a material with consistent quality over time. For fluorescence-based assays, the use of commercial standard materials did not seem to meet this requirement. KW - Thermal analysis KW - 3D Printing Y1 - 2020 UR - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31929149/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-190713 SN - 1875-8622 VL - 75 IS - 1 SP - 57 EP - 84 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Krisponeit, Jon-Olaf A1 - Fischer, Simon A1 - Esser, Sven A1 - Moshnyaga, Vasily A1 - Schmidt, Thomas A1 - Piper, Louis F. J. A1 - Flege, Jan Ingo A1 - Falta, Jens T1 - The morphology of VO2/TiO2(001): terraces, facets, and cracks T2 - Scientific Reports N2 - Vanadium dioxide (VO2) features a pronounced, thermally-driven metal-to-insulator transition at 340 K. Employing epitaxial stress on rutile TiO2(001) substrates, the transition can be tuned to occur close to room temperature. Striving for applications in oxide-electronic devices, the lateral homogeneity of such samples must be considered as an important prerequisite for efforts towards miniaturization. Moreover, the preparation of smooth surfaces is crucial for vertically stacked devices and, hence, the design of functional interfaces. Here, the surface morphology of VO2/TiO2(001) films was analyzed by low-energy electron microscopy and diffraction as well as scanning probe microscopy. The formation of large terraces could be achieved under temperature-induced annealing, but also the occurrence of facets was observed and characterized. Further, we report on quasi-periodic arrangements of crack defects which evolve due to thermal stress under cooling. While these might impair some applicational endeavours, they may also present crystallographically well-oriented nano-templates of bulk-like properties for advanced approaches. KW - Vanadium dioxide (VO2) KW - rutile TiO2(001) KW - metal-to-insulator transition KW - morphology KW - crystallography KW - low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM) KW - low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) KW - scanning probe microscopy Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-78584-9 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 10 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Tingyi A1 - Geyer, Thomas A1 - Silva, Charitha de A1 - Fischer, Jeoffrey A1 - Doolan, Con A1 - Moreau, Danielle J. T1 - Experimental Investigation of Tip Vortex Formation Noise Produced by Wall-Mounted Finite Airfoils T2 - Journal of Aerospace Engineering Y1 - 2021 UR - https://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/%28ASCE%29AS.1943-5525.0001315 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0001315 SN - 1943-5525 VL - 34 IS - 6 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Franzen, Christoph A1 - Fischer, Thomas T1 - Removal of Iron Crusts from Sandstone Sculptures in a Fountain T2 - Environmental Earth Sciences Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-022-10302-2 SN - 1866-6299 SN - 1866-6280 VL - 81 IS - 7 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kuhn, Ramona A1 - Jensch, Robert A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Keuler, Klaus A1 - Bryant, Isaac Mbir A1 - Martienssen, Marion T1 - Sunlight Degradation of the Aminophosphonate Diethylenetriamine Penta-(Methylenephosphonic Acid) T2 - Solar N2 - Aminophosphonate diethylenetriamine penta(methylenephosphonic acid) (DTPMP) is a scale inhibitor commonly used in several industries. DTPMP is suspected to cause anthropogenic pollution through discharge into the aquatic environment. DTPMP is assumed to be degraded by sunlight radiation. We recently predicted a preliminary degradation pathway of DTPMP applyingUV treatment. Currently, we have not yet evidenced that DTPMP shows the same degradation pattern with natural sunlight. One major reason leads to the fact that the light spectrum emitted by UV lamps does not completely represent the natural sunlight spectrum, and the emitted UVB and UVA irradiation flux is much higher than for solar light. For that reason, the degradation pattern and kinetics might be different between artificial UV treatment and natural sunlight treatment. Here, we investigated whether DTPMP is degradable under natural sunlight radiation, and whether the degradation mechanisms determined through UV treatment are transferable to sunlight. We investigated five different treatment conditions, i.e., DTPMP degradation in direct or diffuse sunlight, in diffuse sunlight with addition of Ca2+ or Mg2+, and in diffuse sunlight with local TW. Our experiment was carried out from March 2021 to October 2021. We performed LC/MS analyses and measured the release of o-PO4 3  . DTPMP was degraded with all five treatment conditions. The fastest DTPMP degradation occurred in direct and diffuse sunlight without addition of bivalent cations. The addition of Ca2+ and Mg2+ resulted in inhibited degradation. Similar effects occurred for sunlight treatment with local TW. We evidenced different degradation mechanisms for DTPMP depending on the presence of alkaline earth metals as we previously proposed for UV-treated DTPMP. However, both degradation mechanisms of DTPMP belong to the same degradation pathway determined with UV treatment. Therefore, we conclude that DTPMP undergoes a similar degradation pathway in sunlight as compared to UV light. KW - Photochemistry Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/solar2020009 SN - 2673-9941 VL - 2 IS - 2 SP - 141 EP - 157 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kidron, Giora J. A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Xiao, Bo T1 - The ambivalent effect of biocrusts on evaporation: Can the contradictory conclusions be explained? A review T2 - Geoderma Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2022.115805 SN - 1872-6259 VL - Vol. 416 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kidron, Giora J. A1 - Lichner, Lubomir A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Starinsky, Abraham A1 - Or, Dani T1 - Mechanisms for biocrust-modulated runoff generation – A review T2 - Earth-Science Reviews Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0012825222001842?via%3Dihub U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.104100 SN - 0012-8252 SN - 1872-6828 VL - 231 SP - 1 EP - 22 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Marchetti-Deschmann, Martina A1 - Assis, Ana Cristina A1 - Elad, Michal Levin A1 - Algarra, Manuel A1 - Barac, Marko A1 - Bogdanovic Radovic, Iva A1 - Cicconi, Flavio A1 - Claes, Britt A1 - Frascione, Nunzianda A1 - George, Sony A1 - Guedes, Alexandra A1 - Heaton, Cameron A1 - Heeren, Ron A1 - Lasic, Violeta A1 - Lerma, José Luis A1 - Valle Martinez de Yuso Garcia, Maria del A1 - Nosko, Martin A1 - O'Hara, John A1 - Oshina, Ilze A1 - Palucci, Antonio A1 - Pawlaczyk, Aleksandra A1 - Pospíšková, Kristýna A1 - de Puit, Marcel A1 - Radodic, Ksenija A1 - Rēpele, Māra A1 - Ristova, Mimoza A1 - Romolo, Francesco Saverio A1 - Šafařík, Ivo A1 - Siketic, Zdravko A1 - Spigulis, Janis A1 - Szynkowska-Jozwik, Malgorzata Iwona A1 - Tsiatsiuyeu, Andrei A1 - Vella, Joanna A1 - Dawson, Lorna A1 - Rödiger, Stefan A1 - Francese, Simona T1 - Profiling and imaging of forensic evidence – A pan-European forensic round robin study part 1: Document forgery T2 - Science & Justice Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scijus.2022.06.001 SN - 1876-4452 SN - 1355-0306 VL - 62 IS - 4 SP - 433 EP - 447 ER -