TY - GEN A1 - Juhlke, Tobias R. A1 - Geldern, Robert van A1 - Barth, Johannes A. C. A1 - Bendix, Jörg A1 - Bräuning, Achim A1 - Garel, Emilie A1 - Häusser, Martin A1 - Huneau, Frédéric A1 - Knerr, Isabel A1 - Santoni, Sébastien A1 - Szymczak, Sonja A1 - Trachte, Katja T1 - Temporal offset between precipitation and water uptake of Mediterranean pine trees varies with elevation and season T2 - Science of the Total Environment N2 - For climate models that use paleo-environment data to predict future climate change, tree-ring isotope variations are one important archive for the reconstruction of paleo-hydrological conditions. Due to the rather complicated pathway of water, starting from precipitation until its uptake by trees and the final incorporation of its components into tree-ring cellulose, a closer inspection of seasonal variations of tree water uptake is important. In this study, branch and needle samples of two pine species (Pinus pinaster and Pinus nigra subsp. laricio) and several water compartments (precipitation, creek, soil) were sampled over a two-year period and analyzed for the temporal variations of their oxygen and hydrogen stable isotope ratios (δ18O and δ2H) at five sites over an elevation gradient from sea level to around 1600 m a.s.l. on the Mediterranean island of Corsica (France). A new model was established to disentangle temporal relationships of source water uptake of trees. It uses a calculation method that incorporates the two processes mostly expected to affect source water composition: mixing of waters and evaporation. The model results showed that the temporal offset from precipitation to water uptake is not constant and varies with elevation and season. Overall, seasonal source water origin was shown to be dominated by precipitation from autumn and spring. While autumn precipitation was a more important water source for trees growing at mid- (~800–1000 m a.s.l) and high-elevation (~1600 m a.s.l.) sites, trees at coastal sites mostly took up water from late winter and spring. These findings show that predicted decreases in precipitation amounts during the wet season in the Mediterranean can have strong impacts on water availability for pine trees, especially at higher elevations. KW - Oxygen isotopes KW - Hydrogen isotopes KW - Mediterranean KW - Soil water KW - Water uptake KW - Pine trees Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142539 VL - 755 IS - 2 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Szymczak, Sonja A1 - Barth, Johannes A. C. A1 - Bendix, Jörg A1 - Huneau, Frédéric A1 - Garel, Emilie A1 - Häusser, Martin A1 - Juhlke, Tobias R. A1 - Knerr, Isabel A1 - Santoni, Sébastien A1 - Mayr, Christoph C. A1 - Trachte, Katja A1 - Geldern, Robert van A1 - Bräuning, Achim T1 - First indications of seasonal and spatial variations of water sources in pine trees along an elevation gradient in a Mediterranean ecosystem derived from δ18O T2 - Chemical Geology N2 - Water availability is the most important factor for the vitality of forest ecosystems, especially in dry environments. The Mediterranean region is one of the hotspots of future climate change; therefore, data on the water cycle are urgently needed. We measured oxygen isotope compositions in creek water, precipitation, stem water, needle water, and tree-ring cellulose over one growing season to establish the relationship between isotope compositions in different compartments along a fractionation pathway. We analyzed plant material from pine trees (Pinus nigra J.F. Arn subsp. laricio (Poiret) Maire var. Corsicana Hyl. and Pinus pinaster Aiton) at five locations along an elevation gradient from sea level to 1600 m asl. We traced back the oxygen isotope composition from source to sink in tree-ring cellulose in order to identify the water sources used by the trees, and to quantify the extent of isotope fractionation processes. Our results showed that the trees used different water sources over the course of the growing season, ranging from winter snow meltwater to summer precipitation at higher sites and deep soil water reservoirs at coastal sites. Needle water enrichment was higher at higher elevation sites than at coastal locations, highlighting the importance of site-specific climate conditions on the isotopic composition values in tree material. Water availability seems to be most restricted at the highest site, making these trees most vulnerable to climate change. KW - Oxygen isotopes KW - Pinus nigra KW - Pinus pinaster KW - Needle water enrichment KW - Xylem water KW - Water source Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2020.119695 VL - 2020 IS - 549 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Szymczak, Sonja A1 - Häusser, Martin A1 - Garel, Emilie A1 - Santoni, Sébastien A1 - Huneau, Frédéric A1 - Knerr, Isabel A1 - Trachte, Katja A1 - Bendix, Jörg T1 - How Do Mediterranean Pine Trees Respond to Drought and Precipitation Events along an Elevation Gradient T2 - Forests N2 - Drought is a major factor limiting tree growth and plant vitality. In the Mediterranean region,the length and intensity of drought stress strongly varies with altitude and site conditions. We usedelectronic dendrometers to analyze the response of two native pine species to drought and precipitationevents. The five study sites were located along an elevation gradient on the Mediterranean islandof Corsica (France). Positive stem increment in the raw dendrometer measurements was separatedinto radial stem growth and stem swelling/shrinkage in order to determine which part of the trees’response to climate signals can be attributed to growth. Precipitation events of at least 5 mm anddry periods of at least seven consecutive days without precipitation were determined over a periodof two years. Seasonal dynamics of stem circumference changes were highly variable among thefive study sites. At higher elevations, seasonal tree growth showed patterns characteristic for coldenvironments, while low-elevation sites showed bimodal growth patterns characteristic of droughtprone areas. The response to precipitation events was uniform and occurred within the first six hoursafter the beginning of a precipitation event. The majority of stem circumference increases were causedby radial growth, not by stem swelling due to water uptake. Growth-induced stem circumferenceincrease occurred at three of the five sites even during dry periods, which could be attributed tostored water reserves within the trees or the soils. Trees at sites with soils of low water-holdingcapacity were most vulnerable to dry periods. KW - dendrometer; stem circumference changes; climate response; Mediterranean;Pinus nigra;Pinus pinaster Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/f11070758 VL - 7 IS - 11 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Knerr, Isabel A1 - Trachte, Katja A1 - Egli, Sebastian A1 - Barth, Johannes A. C. A1 - Bräuning, Achim A1 - Garel, Emilie A1 - Häusser, Martin A1 - Huneau, Frédéric A1 - Juhlke, Tobias R. A1 - Santoni, Sébastien A1 - Szymczak, Sonja A1 - Geldern, Robert van A1 - Bendix, Jörg T1 - Fog - low stratus (FLS) regimes on Corsica with wind and PBLH as key drivers T2 - Atmospheric Research N2 - The French Mediterranean island of Corsica is already today confronted with a clear tendency towards water shortage, leading not only to socio-economical, but also to ecological problems. A potential, but not very widespread source of water is the presence of near-ground clouds, mostly fog. In this study, we investigate fog-low stratus (FLS) frequencies in Corsica, derived from a data set of Meteosat Second Generation SEVIRI, whereby a distinction between fog and low stratus is hardly feasible using remote sensing data. The FLS frequency was studied with respect to its interaction with distinct locally-generated wind and its dependence on the planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) obtained by ERA5 reanalysis (the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, ECMWF). Results show that radiation FLS is formed in coastal areas at sunrise, with low PBLH. On the other hand, in the interior of the island at sunset, a maximum of advection FLS is formed, fostered by locally-generated and related transport of moisture. On the east side of the island, FLS frequency is lower throughout the year due to frequent lee situations. This situation is reinforced by reduced synoptic moisture transport by westerly winds, so that westerly exposed slopes benefit from moisture input by FLS formation. KW - Corsica KW - Mediterranean KW - Fog Low Stratus KW - Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) KW - Planetary Boundary Layer KW - Locally-generated wind Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2021.105731 SN - 0169-8095 VL - 261 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Häusser, Martin A1 - Aryal, Sugam A1 - Barth, Johannes A. C. A1 - Bendix, Jörg A1 - Garel, Emilie A1 - Geldern, Robert van A1 - Huneau, Frédéric A1 - Juhlke, Tobias R. A1 - Knerr, Isabel A1 - Santoni, Sébastien A1 - Szymczak, Sonja A1 - Trachte, Katja A1 - Bräuning, Achim T1 - Xylem formation patterns from Mediterranean to subalpine climate conditions reveal high growth plasticity of pine species on Corsica T2 - Trees N2 - Investigating seasonal wood formation is crucial to understand tree growth responses to climate impact. The present study quantifies the variability of xylogenesis along an elevation gradient on the Mediterranean island of Corsica, where two native pine species (Pinus nigra Arnold ssp. laricio Maire and Pinus pinaster Aiton) grow from the upper tree line to sea level, partly in sympatry. We extracted microcores from 35 trees at 5 sites along an East–West transect from the coasts (10 m asl) to the island's central mountain ridge (1600 m asl) during bi-weekly sampling campaigns between 2017 and 2019. We applied generalised additive models to detect radial growth differences in elevation and species along with minimum temperatures for growth initiation. We found that trees in low elevations experienced over 2 months longer growth periods with higher maximum growth rates than in high elevations. The results show a 1-month delay for the beginning of tracheid formation between the low, mid and high-elevation belts but comparable timing for its termination. At the sites where both species co-occur, P. nigra accumulates more radial cells in a shorter time than P. pinaster. Trees at the two contrasting coastal sites have similar growth period lengths, but exhibit a time shift of over a month. Minimum temperatures around growth initiation vary between 3.1 °C for P. nigra and 9.9 °C for P. pinaster. These findings emphasise the high plasticity in the growth behaviour of one of the most widespread tree genera in Mediterranean and temperate zones. KW - Generalised additive models (GAM) KW - Corsican black pine KW - Maritime pine KW - Cambial dynamics KW - Xylogenesis KW - Mediterranean Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-023-02402-8 SN - 0931-1890 SN - 1432-2285 VL - 37 IS - 4 SP - 1027 EP - 1039 PB - Springer Berlin Heidelberg ER -