TY - GEN A1 - Glasauer, Stefan A1 - Shi, Zhuanghua T1 - Differences in beliefs about stimulus generation explain individual perceptual biases T2 - Bernstein Conference 2021, September 21 - 23, 2021 Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.12751/nncn.bc2021.p052 VL - 2021 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kostorz, Kathrin A1 - Flanagin, Virginia A1 - Glasauer, Stefan T1 - Intersubject synchrony of viewers during naturalistic observational learning of a complex bimanual task T2 - Neuroimage: Reports N2 - Watching an instructional video has become a common way to learn a new task. However, we have but a sparse understanding of the neural processes involved during observational learning in naturalistic settings. Recently developed data driven methods for analyzing brain activity provide an opportunity for further investigation. Here, we evaluate intersubject synchrony during fMRI to understand common brain processes during naturalistic observational learning. Participants solitarily watched an instructional video and learned how to fold a paper figure. Three learning runs were sufficient to successfully solve the task. To assess interbrain synchrony, we extended previous principal component (PCA)-based methods to an intersubject principal component analysis (PCA), which offers multiple measures for additional insights into the nature of the synchrony. Using the different metrics of this method, we show a robust synchronous involvement of the action observation execution network (AOEN) in observational learning, between subjects as well as within subjects, regardless of the task or video content. Importantly, additional areas such as the cerebellum, primary motor cortex, control, and sensory integration areas also showed robust synchrony in observational learning. Complimentary to this robust general synchrony, individual regions of the AOEN exhibited task-related differences. Synchrony decreased during the learning process, likely reflecting task state and individual learning strategies. To test the stimulus as a possible source of synchrony, we quantified the temporal structure as the optic flow of the instructional video. Optic flow was strongly related to common activation of the somatomotor areas of the AOEN well beyond visual areas, but could not completely explain synchrony. Thus, although visual motion provides a proxy for meaningful hand actions, our results suggest that intersubject synchrony reflects common cognitive processing during observa- tional learning beyond sensory input. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ynirp.2022.100084 SN - 2666-9560 VL - 2 IS - 2 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Glasauer, Stefan A1 - Shi, Zhuanghua T1 - Individual beliefs about temporal continuity explain variation of perceptual biases T2 - Scientific Reports N2 - Perception of magnitudes such as duration or distance is often found to be systematically biased. The biases, which result from incorporating prior knowledge in the perceptual process, can vary considerably between individuals. The variations are commonly attributed to differences in sensory precision and reliance on priors. However, another factor not considered so far is the implicit belief about how successive sensory stimuli are generated: independently from each other or with certain temporal continuity. The main types of explanatory models proposed so far—static or iterative—mirror this distinction but cannot adequately explain individual biases. Here we propose a new unifying model that explains individual variation as combination of sensory precision and beliefs about temporal continuity and predicts the experimentally found changes in biases when altering temporal continuity. Thus, according to the model, individual differences in perception depend on beliefs about how stimuli are generated in the world. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-14939-8 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 12 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Glasauer, Stefan A1 - Straka, Hans T1 - Low Gain Values of the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Can Optimize Retinal Image Slip T2 - Frontiers in Neurology N2 - The angular vestibulo-ocular reflex (aVOR) stabilizes retinal images by counter-rotating the eyes during head rotations. Perfect compensatory movements would thus rotate the eyes exactly opposite to the head, that is, eyes vs. head would exhibit a unity gain. However, in many species, but also in elderly humans or patients with a history of vestibular damage, the aVOR is far from compensatory with gains that are in part considerably lower than unity. The reason for this apparent suboptimality is unknown. Here, we propose that low VOR gain values reflect an optimal adaptation to sensory and motor signal variability. According to this hypothesis, gaze stabilization mechanisms that aim at minimizing the overall retinal image slip must consider the effects of (1) sensory and motor noise and (2) dynamic constraints of peripheral and central nervous processing. We demonstrate that a computational model for optimizing retinal image slip in the presence of such constraints of signal processing in fact predicts gain values smaller than unity. We further show specifically for tadpoles of the clawed toad, Xenopus laevis with particularly low gain values that previously reported VOR gains quantitatively correspond to the observed variability of eye movements and thus constitute an optimal adaptation mechanism. We thus hypothesize that lower VOR gain values in elderly human subjects or recovered patients with a history of vestibular damage may be the sign of an optimization given higher noise levels rather than a direct consequence of the damage, such as an inability of executing fast compensatory eye movements. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2022.897293 SN - 1664-2295 VL - 13 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Glasauer, Stefan A1 - Straka, Hans T1 - Ear pins down evolution of thermoregulation T2 - Nature N2 - An analysis of fossil specimens of the inner ear helps to refine the timeframe of a key transition in vertebrate evolution — when our mammal-like ancestors began to regulate and maintain a high body temperature. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-01943-1 IS - 607 SP - 661 EP - 662 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kremmyda, Olympia A1 - Rettinger, Nicole A1 - Strupp, Michael A1 - Büttner, Ulrich A1 - Glasauer, Stefan T1 - Teaching Video NeuroImages: Unilateral RIMLF lesion. Pathologic eye movement torsion indicates lesion side and site T2 - Neurology Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000207003 SN - 0028-3878 VL - 100 IS - 16, Supplement 1 SP - S182 EP - S183 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Cheng, Si A1 - Chen, Siyi A1 - Glasauer, Stefan A1 - Keeser, Daniel A1 - Shi, Zhuanghua T1 - Neural mechanisms of sequential dependence in time perception: the impact of prior task and memory processing T2 - Cerebral Cortex N2 - Our perception and decision-making are susceptible to prior context. Such sequential dependence has been extensively studied in the visual domain, but less is known about its impact on time perception. Moreover, there are ongoing debates about whether these sequential biases occur at the perceptual stage or during subsequent post-perceptual processing. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated neural mechanisms underlying temporal sequential dependence and the role of action in time judgments across trials. Participants performed a timing task where they had to remember the duration of green coherent motion and were cued to either actively reproduce its duration or simply view it passively. We found that sequential biases in time perception were only evident when the preceding task involved active duration reproduction. Merely encoding a prior duration without reproduction failed to induce such biases. Neurally, we observed activation in networks associated with timing, such as striato-thalamo-cortical circuits, and performance monitoring networks, particularly when a “Response” trial was anticipated. Importantly, the hippocampus showed sensitivity to these sequential biases, and its activation negatively correlated with the individual’s sequential bias following active reproduction trials. These findings highlight the significant role of memory networks in shaping time-related sequential biases at the post-perceptual stages. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhad453 SN - 1460-2199 VL - 34(2024) IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 14 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Regnath, Franziska A1 - Biersack, Katharina A1 - Jäger, Nina A1 - Glasauer, Stefan A1 - Lehnen, Nadine T1 - Not a general, symptom-unspecific, transdiagnostic marker for functional symptoms: sensorimotor processing of head control is intact in chronic pain T2 - Frontiers in Neurology N2 - Introduction: Functional disorders are prevalent in all medical fields and pose a tremendous public health problem, with pain being one of the most common functional symptoms. Understanding the underlying, potentially unifying mechanism in functional (pain) disorders is instrumental in facilitating timely diagnosis, stigma reduction, and adequate treatment options. Neuroscientific models of perception suggest that functional symptoms arise due to dysregulated sensorimotor processing in the central nervous system, with brain-based predictions dominating the eventual percept. Experimental evidence for this transdiagnostic mechanism has been established in various functional symptoms. The goal of the current study was to investigate whether erroneous sensorimotor processing is an underlying transdiagnostic mechanism in chronic (functional) pain. Method: A total of 13 patients with chronic (functional) pain [three patients with chronic (functional) pain disorder, F45.40, ICD-10; 10 patients with chronic pain disorder with somatic and psychological factors, F45.41, ICD-10]; and 15 healthy controls performed large combined eye-head gaze shifts toward visual targets, naturally and with increased head moment of inertia. We simultaneously measured participants’ eye and head movements to assess head oscillations at the end of the gaze shift, which are an established indicator of (transdiagnostic) sensorimotor processing deficits of head control. Results: Using a Bayesian analysis protocol, we found that patients with chronic (functional) pain and control participants stabilized their heads equally well (Bayes Factor 01 = 3.7, Bayes Factor exclusion = 5.23; corresponding to substantial evidence) during all sessions of the experiment. Conclusion: Our results suggest that patients with chronic (functional) pain do not show measurable symptom-unspecific sensorimotor processing deficits. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2023.1294702 SN - 1664-2295 VL - 14 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Shirzhiyan, Zahra A1 - Glasauer, Stefan T1 - Late CNV-P2 amplitude as neural index of time interval perception T2 - Bernstein Conference 2021, September 21 - 23, 2021 Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.12751/nncn.bc2021.p153 VL - 2021 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Glasauer, Stefan A1 - Straka, Hans T1 - Optimality of the vestibulo-ocular reflex T2 - Abstracts NWG Meeting Göttingen 2021 Y1 - 2021 UR - https://www.nwg-goettingen.de/2021/module/posterliste/supMat.asp?nr=T17-11 VL - 2021 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hoxha, Isabelle A1 - Chevallier, Sylvain A1 - Ciarchi, Matteo A1 - Glasauer, Stefan A1 - Delorme, Arnaud A1 - Amorim, Michel‐Ange T1 - Accounting for endogenous effects in decision‐making with a non‐linear diffusion decision model T2 - Scientific Reports N2 - The Drift‐Diffusion Model (DDM) is widely accepted for two‐alternative forced‐choice decision paradigms thanks to its simple formalism and close fit to behavioral and neurophysiological data. However, this formalism presents strong limitations in capturing inter‐trial dynamics at the single‐ trial level and endogenous influences. We propose a novel model, the non‐linear Drift‐Diffusion Model (nl‐DDM), that addresses these issues by allowing the existence of several trajectories to the decision boundary. We show that the non‐linear model performs better than the drift‐diffusion model for an equivalent complexity. To give better intuition on the meaning of nl‐DDM parameters, we compare the DDM and the nl‐DDM through correlation analysis. This paper provides evidence of the functioning of our model as an extension of the DDM. Moreover, we show that the nl‐DDM captures time effects better than the DDM. Our model paves the way toward more accurately analyzing across‐trial variability for perceptual decisions and accounts for peri‐stimulus influences. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-32841-9 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 13 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Glasauer, Stefan A1 - Straka, Hans T1 - Der Beginn der Warmblütigkeit T2 - Spektrum der Wissenschaft Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.spektrum.de/magazin/evolution-der-beginn-der-warmbluetigkeit/2085762 SN - 0170-2971 IS - 2 SP - 30 EP - 31 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Glasauer, Stefan T1 - Individual differences do matter T2 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences N2 - The integrative experiment design proposal currently only relates to group results, but downplays individual differences between participants, which may nevertheless be substantial enough to constitute a relevant dimension in the design space. Excluding the individual participant in the integrative design will not solve all problems mentioned in the target article, because averaging results may obscure the underlying mechanisms. KW - Behavioral Neuroscience KW - Physiology KW - Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X2300242X SN - 0140-525X VL - 47 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Shi, Zhuanghua A1 - Gu, Bon-Mi A1 - Glasauer, Stefan A1 - Meck, Warren H. T1 - Beyond Scalar Timing Theory: Integrating Neural Oscillators with Computational Accessibility in Memory T2 - Timing & Time Perception N2 - One of the major challenges for computational models of timing and time perception is to identify a neurobiological plausible implementation that predicts various behavioral properties, including the scalar property and retrospective timing. The available timing models primarily focus on the scalar property and prospective timing, while virtually ignoring the computational accessibility. Here, we first selectively review timing models based on ramping activity, oscillatory pattern, and time cells, and discuss potential challenges for the existing models. We then propose a multifrequency oscilla- tory model that offers computational accessibility, which could account for a much broader range of timing features, including both retrospective and prospective timing. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/22134468-bja10059 SN - 2213-4468 SP - 1 EP - 22 ER - TY - PAT A1 - Brandt, Thomas A1 - Glasauer, Stefan A1 - Schneider, Erich T1 - Aufnahmevorrichtung für die kopfgestützte Bilderfassung und Verfahren zur Steuerung der Aufnahmevorrichtung Y1 - 2004 UR - http://google.com/patents/DE10251933A1?cl=no. ER - TY - GEN A1 - Shirzhiyan, Zahra A1 - Glasauer, Stefan T1 - Dual-task modulation of neural activity related to perception of time T2 - Abstract NWG Meeting Göttingen 2021 Y1 - 2021 UR - https://www.nwg-goettingen.de/2021/module/posterliste/supMat.asp?nr=T26-7 VL - 2021 CY - Göttingen ER - TY - GEN A1 - Choi, Jeong-Yoon A1 - Glasauer, Stefan A1 - Zee, David S. A1 - Kim, Ji-Soo T1 - Characteristics and Mechanism of Apogeotropic Central Positional Nystagmus T2 - Brain Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awx381 SN - 1460-2156 SN - 0006-8950 VL - 141 IS - 3 SP - 762 EP - 775 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Glasauer, Stefan A1 - MacNeilage, Paul R. ED - Fritzsch, Bernd ED - Straka, Hans T1 - Computational Rules for Integrating Vestibular and Multi-Modal Motion Signals in the Central Nervous System T2 - The Senses: A Comprehensive Reference; Volume 6: Vestibular System and Balance N2 - Integration of multi-sensory signals is normally required to infer the properties and states of the external world and of the own body. This applies also to vestibular signals, which, when activated are naturally accompanied by other sensory or self-generated signals. Here, we review computational schemes and normative principles that have been proposed to achieve meaningful signal fusion that allows perception and action in the face of uncertain information. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809324-5.24262-4 SP - 445 EP - 457 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ET - 2. Edition ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schröder, Lena A1 - Werder, Dina von A1 - Ramaioli, Cecilia A1 - Wachtler, Thomas A1 - Henningsen, Peter A1 - Glasauer, Stefan A1 - Lehnen, Nadine T1 - Unstable Gaze in Functional Dizziness: A Contribution to Understanding the Pathophysiology of Functional Disorders T2 - Frontiers in Neuroscience N2 - Objective: We are still lacking a pathophysiological mechanism for functional disorders explaining the emergence and manifestation of characteristic, severely impairing bodily symptoms like chest pain or dizziness. A recent hypothesis based on the predictive coding theory of brain function suggests that in functional disorders, internal expectations do not match the actual sensory body states, leading to perceptual dysregulation and symptom perception. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the account of internal expectations and sensory input on gaze stabilization, a physiologically relevant parameter of gaze shifts, in functional dizziness. Methods: We assessed gaze stabilization in eight functional dizziness patients and 11 healthy controls during two distinct epochs of large gaze shifts: during a counter- rotation epoch (CR epoch), where the brain can use internal models, motor planning, and resulting internal expectations to achieve internally driven gaze stabilization; and during an oscillation epoch (OSC epoch), where, due to terminated motor planning, no movement expectations are present, and gaze is stabilized by sensory input alone. Results: Gaze stabilization differed between functional patients and healthy controls only when internal movement expectations were involved [F(1,17) = 14.63, p = 0.001, and partial η2 = 0.463]: functional dizziness patients showed reduced gaze stabilization during the CR (p = 0.036) but not OSC epoch (p = 0.26). Conclusion: While sensory-driven gaze stabilization is intact, there are marked, well- measurable deficits in internally-driven gaze stabilization in functional dizziness pointing at internal expectations that do not match actual body states. This experimental evidence supports the perceptual dysregulation hypothesis of functional disorders and is an important step toward understanding the underlying pathophysiology. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.685590 SN - 1662-453X SN - 1662-4548 VL - 15 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Knorr, Alexander G. A1 - Gravot, Céline M. A1 - Glasauer, Stefan A1 - Straka, Hans T1 - Image motion with color contrast suffices to elicit an optokinetic reflex in Xenopus laevis tadpoles T2 - Scientific Reports N2 - The optokinetic reflex is a closed-loop gaze-stabilizing ocular motor reaction that minimizes residual retinal image slip during vestibulo-ocular reflexes. In experimental isolation, the reflex is usually activated by motion of an achromatic large-field visual background with strong influence of radiance contrast on visual motion estimation and behavioral performance. The presence of color in natural environments, however, suggests that chromatic cues of visual scenes provide additional parameters for image motion detection. Here, we employed Xenopus laevis tadpoles to study the influence of color cues on the performance of the optokinetic reflex and multi-unit optic nerve discharge during motion of a large-field visual scene. Even though the amplitude of the optokinetic reflex decreases with smaller radiance contrast, considerable residual eye movements persist at the ‘point of equiluminance’ of the colored stimuli. Given the color motion preferences of individual optic nerve fibers, the underlying computation potentially originates in retinal circuits. Differential retinal ganglion cell projections and associated ocular motor signal transformation might further reinforce the color dependency in conceptual correspondence with head/body optomotor signaling. Optokinetic reflex performance under natural light conditions is accordingly influenced by radiance contrast as well as by the color composition of the moving visual scene. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87835-2 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 11 ER -