TY - GEN A1 - Schöneich, Michael A1 - Schmidt, Peer T1 - Kinetics of phase formation in solid - gas reactions: Iron and Arsenic T2 - Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie N2 - Based on the experience of thermo-chemical studies on a High-Temperature Gas-Balance a time dependent analysis has been developed for the investigations of the kinetics of solid-gas reactions. The course of solid-gas reactions can be examined unambiguously by separation of the initial solids. By this setup the visualization of different stages of solid-gas reaction (vaporization, phase formation) becomes feasible. Time dependent analysis of the formation of FeAs results in an assignment of the underlying principles of kinetics derived from the conversion factor α. KW - Arsenic KW - High-temperature Gas-balance KW - Thermal analysis Y1 - 2012 UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/zaac.201204026/full U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.201204026 VL - 638 IS - 10 SP - S. 1579 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schmidt, Peer A1 - Schöneich, Michael A1 - Nilges, Tom A1 - Weihrich, Richard T1 - Identification of Metastable States in Heterogeneous Phase Formation T2 - Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie KW - Phosphorus KW - High-temperature Gas-balance Y1 - 2012 UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/zaac.201204134/full U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.201204134 N1 - Poster VL - 638 IS - 10 SP - S. 1633 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Binnewies, Michael A1 - Finze, Maik A1 - Radius, Udo A1 - Schmidt, Peer T1 - Anorganische Chemie, Band 6: Nebengruppen – Teil 1 N2 - Stellung der Nebengruppenelemente im Periodensystem, Gruppeneigenschaften, Gewinnung der Metalle, die Nebengruppen (Gruppen 3 bis 12) KW - Anorganische Chemie KW - Periodensystem der Elemente KW - Nebengruppenelemente KW - Übergangsmetalle Y1 - 2017 SN - 978-3-662-55904-8 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ET - 1. Auflage ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Binnewies, Michael A1 - Finze, Maik A1 - Radius, Udo A1 - Schmidt, Peer T1 - Anorganische Chemie, Band 7: Nebengruppen – Teil 2 N2 - Koordinationschemie,Konzepte der chemischen Bindung in Komplexverbindungen KW - Anorganische Chemie KW - Nebengruppenelemente KW - Chemische Bindung KW - Komplexverbindungen Y1 - 2017 SN - 978-3-662-55906-2 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ET - 1. Auflage ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Binnewies, Michael A1 - Finze, Maik A1 - Radius, Udo A1 - Schmidt, Peer T1 - Anorganische Chemie, Band 8: Metallorganische Chemie der Übergangsmetalle KW - Anorganische Chemie KW - Nebengruppenelemente KW - Chemische Bindung KW - metallorganische Verbindungen Y1 - 2017 SN - 978-3-662-56030-3 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ET - 1. Auflage ER - TY - GEN A1 - Seyedashrafi, Baharak A1 - Ravankhah, Mohammad A1 - Weidner, Silke A1 - Schmidt, Michael T1 - Applying Heritage Impact Assessment to urban development: World Heritage property of Masjed-e Jame of Isfahan in Iran T2 - Sustainable Cities and Society N2 - Despite cultural heritage has being affected by construction and infrastructure projects associated with urban development in historic cities worldwide, protection of such irreplaceable assets and their associated values has not been adequately addressed through a comprehensive methodology of impact assessment. This paper aims to review the existing methodologies, approaches, and tools regarding Heritage Impact Assessment (HIA) methodology, and to develop an impact assessment procedure in the context of new urban development. The methodology is applied to the case of Masjed-e Jame of Isfahan. The required data is collected through a fieldwork for identification and classification of impacts of Atiq project on the property. Subsequently, the collected data is analysed through impact assessment matrix, and eventually, appropriated mitigation strategies to reduce negative impacts on the property are determined. The proposed impact assessment methodology in the HIA procedure provides a systematic framework for identifying, assessing and mitigating potential impacts of new urban development on cultural heritage properties, which is supportive for urban planners, cultural decision makers, heritage conservators and experts toward developing more integrated approach to heritage protection in context of sustainable development. KW - Heritage Impact Assessment (HIA) KW - Cultural heritage KW - New urban development KW - Masjed-e Jame of Isfahan KW - Iran Y1 - 2017 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2210670716302359 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2017.01.002 SN - 2210-6707 VL - 31 SP - 213 EP - 224 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Danielzyk, Rainer A1 - Eberhard, Lisa A1 - Eltges, Markus A1 - Erb, Katrin A1 - Flamm, Lena A1 - Huhold, Carola A1 - Knippschild, Robert A1 - Knorr-Siedow, Thomas A1 - Korzer, Tanja A1 - Leuschner, Silke A1 - Liebmann, Heike A1 - Maikämper, Moritz A1 - Matern, Antje A1 - Nagler, Heinz A1 - Prytula, Michael A1 - Schmidt-Lauber, Brigitta Johanna A1 - Stevens, James Miller A1 - Thiel, Fabian A1 - Weidner, Silke A1 - Zimmermann, Lars ED - Flamm, Lena ED - Klöden-Billemont, Agnès ED - Maikämper, Moritz ED - Stevens, James Miller ED - Weidner, Silke T1 - Provinzstädte – Neu definiert N2 - Der 2. Hochschultag vor Ort der Nationalen Stadtentwicklungspolitik „Provinzstädte - Neu definiert“ lud am 23. und 24. Mai 2017 ein, im lokalen Kontext der Region Cottbus über die räumliche Entwicklung von Städten zwischen Metropole und Dorf zu diskutieren. Die dabei entstandenen Ideen für Praxis, Wissenschaft und Lehre sind in dieser Broschüre dokumentiert. KW - Provinzstädte KW - Stadtplanung KW - Hochschultag KW - Klein- und Mittelstädte KW - Nationale Stadtentwicklungspolitik Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-44230 UR - https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-btu/frontdoor/index/index/docId/4423 SN - 978-3-940471-38-3 PB - Brandenburgische Technische Universität CY - Cottbus ; Senftenberg ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Binnewies, Michael A1 - Finze, Maik A1 - Radius, Udo A1 - Schmidt, Peer T1 - Anorganische Chemie, Band 9: Festkörperchemie N2 - Beschreibung kristalliner Strukturen, Strukturen anorganischer Festkörper und Methoden zur Synthese und Kristallzüchtung KW - Anorganische Chemie KW - Festkörperchemie KW - Chemische Bindung KW - Crystal growth KW - Crystal structure Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-662-47577-5 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ET - 1. Auflage ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Binnewies, Michael A1 - Finze, Maik A1 - Radius, Udo A1 - Schmidt, Peer T1 - Anorganische Chemie, Band 10: Lanthanoide N2 - Vorkommen, Gewinnung und Verbindungen der Lanthanoide – Anwendungen der Lanthanoide und ihrer Verbindungen KW - Anorganische Chemie KW - Periodensystem der Elemente KW - Lanthanoide Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-662-47543-0 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ET - 1. Auflage ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schmidt, Michael A1 - Duncker, Kerstin A1 - Rudolff, Britta T1 - UNESCO Welterbeinitiative: Siedlungslandschaft Rundlinge im Wendland T2 - Der Holznagel Y1 - 2018 IS - 1 SP - 21 EP - 30 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Movaghar, Amirreza A1 - Linne, Mark A1 - Oevermann, Michael A1 - Meiselbach, Falko T. A1 - Schmidt, Heiko A1 - Kerstein, Alan R. T1 - Numerical investigation of turbulent-jet primary breakup using One-Dimensional Turbulence T2 - International Journal of Multiphase Flow N2 - Primary breakup to form droplets at liquid surfaces is an important fundamental process to study as it determines the initial properties of the dispersed phase, which affect mixing rates, secondary breakup, droplet collisions, and flow separation within the dispersed flow region. Primary breakup can be regarded as one of the least developed model components for simulating and predicting liquid jet breakup. How- ever, it is of paramount importance in many technical applications, e.g. fuel injection in engines and spray painting. This paper presents a numerical investigation of primary breakup of a turbulent liquid jet in still air at standard conditions using the one-dimensional turbulence (ODT) modeling framework. ODT is a stochastic model that simulates turbulent flow evolution along a notional 1D line of sight by applying instantaneous maps to represent the effect of individual turbulent eddies on property profiles. An important feature of ODT is the resolution of all relevant scales, both temporal and spatial. The restriction to one spatial dimension in ODT permits affordable high resolution of interfacial and single-phase property gradients, which is key to capturing the local behavior of the breakup process and allows simulations at high Reynolds and Weber numbers that are currently not accessible to direct numerical simulations (DNS). This paper summarizes our extensions of the ODT model to simulate geometrically simple jet breakup problems, including representations of Rayleigh wave breakup, turbulent breakup, and shear-driven breakup. Each jet breakup simulation consists of a short temporal channel section to initialize a turbulent velocity profile at the nozzle exit followed by an adjacent jet section. The simulations are carried out for jet exit Reynolds number of 11,500, 23,000, 46,000 and 92,000 while the Weber number is varied within the range 102–107. We present results on breakup statistics including spatial locations of droplet release, droplet sizes and liquid core length. The results on primary breakup are compared to experimental results and models. Y1 - 2017 SN - 1879-3533 VL - 89 SP - 241 EP - 254 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schierack, Peter A1 - Wieler, Lothar H. A1 - Taras, David A1 - Herwig, Volker A1 - Tachu, Babila A1 - Hlinak, Andreas A1 - Schmidt, Michael F. G. A1 - Scharek, Lydia T1 - Bacillus cereus var. toyoi enhanced systemic immune response in piglets. T2 - Veterinary immunology and immunopathology Y1 - 2007 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.03.006 SN - 1873-2534 SN - 0165-2427 VL - 118 IS - 1-2 SP - 1 EP - 11 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lignell, David O. A1 - Lansinger, Victoria B. A1 - Medina Méndez, Juan Ali A1 - Klein, Marten A1 - Kerstein, Alan R. A1 - Schmidt, Heiko A1 - Fistler, Marco A1 - Oevermann, Michael T1 - One-dimensional turbulence modeling for cylindrical and spherical flows: model formulation and application T2 - Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics N2 - The one-dimensional turbulence (ODT) model resolves a full range of time and length scales and is computationally efficient. ODT has been applied to a wide range of complex multi-scale flows, such as turbulent combustion. Previous ODT comparisons to experimental data have focused mainly on planar flows. Applications to cylindrical flows, such as round jets, have been based on rough analogies, e.g., by exploiting the fortuitous consistency of the similarity scalings of temporally developing planar jets and spatially developing round jets. To obtain a more systematic treatment, a new formulation of the ODT model in cylindrical and spherical coordinates is presented here. The model is written in terms of a geometric factor so that planar, cylindrical, and spherical configurations are represented in the same way. Temporal and spatial versions of the model are presented. A Lagrangian finite-volume implementation is used with a dynamically adaptive mesh. The adaptive mesh facilitates the implementation of cylindrical and spherical versions of the triplet map, which is used to model turbulent advection (eddy events) in the one-dimensional flow coordinate. In cylindrical and spherical coordinates, geometric stretching of the three triplet map images occurs due to the radial dependence of volume, with the stretching being strongest near the centerline. Two triplet map variants, TMA and TMB, are presented. In TMA, the three map images have the same volume, but different radial segment lengths. In TMB, the three map images have the same radial segment lengths, but different segment volumes. Cylindrical results are presented for temporal pipe flow, a spatial nonreacting jet, and a spatial nonreacting jet flame. These results compare very well to direct numerical simulation for the pipe flow, and to experimental data for the jets. The nonreacting jet treatment overpredicts velocity fluctuations near the centerline, due to the geometric stretching of the triplet maps and its effect on the eddy event rate distribution. TMB performs better than TMA. A hybrid planar-TMB (PTMB) approach is also presented, which further improves the results. TMA, TMB, and PTMB are nearly identical in the pipe flow where the key dynamics occur near the wall away from the centerline. The jet flame illustrates effects of variable density and viscosity, including dilatational effects. KW - Cylindrical ODT Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00162-018-0465-1 SN - 0935-4964 SN - 1432-2250 VL - 32 IS - 4 SP - 495 EP - 520 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Beckmann, Jens A1 - Günther, David A1 - Schmidt, Peer A1 - Schöneich, Michael A1 - Klepel, Olaf T1 - Template assisted synthesis of porous carbon materials using porous concrete as a template T2 - 5th International Sypmosium on “Carbon on Catalysis”, Books of abstracts, Bressanone/Brixen, 2012 Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Rudolff, Britta A1 - Battis, Eva A1 - Schmidt, Michael ED - Machat, Christoph T1 - Circular Villages: Reflections based on a global comparative analysis T2 - The Cultural Landscape of the Wendland Circular Villages KW - Wendland, circular villages, cultural landscape, village typology, world heritage Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-943164-46-6 SP - 94 EP - 102 PB - Geymüller CY - Aachen, Berlin ET - 1 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schmidt, Michael A1 - Duncker, Kerstin A1 - Rudolff, Britta A1 - Heese, Michelle ED - Machat, Christoph T1 - In search of OUV: A methodology for attribute mapping in the circular villages of Wendland T2 - The Cultural Landscape of the Wendland Circular Villages KW - Wendland, circular villages, cultural landscape, village typology, world heritage Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-943164-46-6 SP - 83 EP - 93 PB - Geymüller CY - Aachen, Berlin ET - 1 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Scholz, Tanja A1 - Schöneich, Michael A1 - Schmidt, Peer T1 - Understanding Solid-State Phase-Formation Processes by Usingthe High-Temperature Gas Balance: The Example of Zr₂PTe₂ T2 - European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry N2 - Inorganic solid-state synthesis with phosphorus and tellurium requires a careful control of the reaction parameters because of the high volatility of the components. This initial disadvantage can be used as a benefit for the investigation of phase formation mechanisms by analyzing the individual vapor pressure behavior. The high-temperature gas-balance is introduced as a device for detection of heterogeneous solid-gas equilibria in closed reaction systems. The experimentally challenging synthesis of the phosphide telluride Zr₂PTe₂ is examined as a model system: optimized synthesis runs at lower temperatures (ϑ = 650 °C) in a faster time, while the quantity as well as the crystalline powder quality is increased. A stepwise solid-solid reaction of zirconium and tellurium according to Ostwald's rule of stages and the shrinking core model is revealed while phosphorus sublimes and subsequently condenses to react to the ternary compound. Additional phenomena such as melting, expansion, and mechanical instabilities can be observed that broaden the possibilities of the gas- balance. KW - Thermal analysis KW - High-temperature Gas-balance KW - Chalcogenides KW - Phosphide telluride Y1 - 2019 UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ejic.201900281 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ejic.201900281 IS - 21 SP - 2577 EP - 2582 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Pabst, Falk A1 - Chang, Jen‐Hui A1 - Finzel, Kati A1 - Kohout, Miroslav A1 - Schmidt, Peer A1 - Ruck, Michael T1 - The Subbromide Bi5Br4 – On the Existence of a Hidden Phase T2 - Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie N2 - Black and irregularly shaped crystals of the bismuth‐rich bromide Bi5Br4 were obtained as a by‐product of the reaction of CsBr, Bi, and BiBr3. X‐ray diffraction on a single‐crystal revealed its orthorhombic structure with the space group Pmmn (no. 59) and lattice parameters a = 1800.0(2) pm, b = 1476.1(1) pm, and c = 924.5(2) pm at 296 K. The structure is composed of Bi82+ and Bi95+ polycations and bromidobismuthate(III) anions according to the structured formula Bi5Br4 = Bi20Br16 = Bi82+Bi95+[BiBr5]2–[Bi2Br11]5–. Bi5Br4 is the bismuth‐richest among the bismuth subhalides containing isolated polycations. Extensive differential scanning calorimetry studies indicate that Bi5Br4 decomposes at 262 °C, i.e. one degree below the bismuth‐rich eutectic at 263 °C. All attempts towards a rational synthesis yielded predominantly the neighboring phases BiBr and Bi6Br7. KW - Bromine KW - Bismuth KW - Cluster KW - Phase Diagrams KW - Polycations KW - Crystal structure Y1 - 2020 UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/zaac.201800149 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.201800149 VL - 646 IS - 3 SP - 149 EP - 155 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bähr, Martin A1 - Buhl, Johannes A1 - Radow, Georg A1 - Schmidt, Johannes A1 - Bambach, Markus A1 - Breuß, Michael A1 - Fügenschuh, Armin T1 - Stable honeycomb structures and temperature based trajectory optimization for wire-arc additive manufacturing T2 - Optimization and Engineering N2 - We consider two mathematical problems that are connected and occur in the layer-wise production process of a workpiece using wire-arc additive manufacturing. As the first task, we consider the automatic construction of a honeycomb structure, given the boundary of a shape of interest. In doing this, we employ Lloyd’s algorithm in two different realizations. For computing the incorporated Voronoi tesselation we consider the use of a Delaunay triangulation or alternatively, the eikonal equation. We compare and modify these approaches with the aim of combining their respective advantages. Then in the second task, to find an optimal tool path guaranteeing minimal production time and high quality of the workpiece, a mixed-integer linear programming problem is derived. The model takes thermal conduction and radiation during the process into account and aims to minimize temperature gradients inside the material. Its solvability for standard mixed-integer solvers is demonstrated on several test-instances. The results are compared with manufactured workpieces. KW - Mixed-integer linear programming KW - Geometric optimization KW - Eikonal equation KW - Heat transmission KW - Additive manufacturing KW - Centroidal Voronoi tesselation Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11081-020-09552-5 SN - 1573-2924 VL - 22 IS - 2 SP - 913 EP - 974 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fahrion, Marc-Steffen A1 - Draeger, Susan A1 - Lakatos, Michael A1 - Schmidt, Timo A1 - Nickl, Christoph A1 - Brombacher, Moritz A1 - Bangalore, Deekshitha A1 - Sundermann, Wolfgang T1 - KLIBAU – Weiterentwicklung und Konkretisierung des Klimaangepassten Bauens : Handlungsempfehlungen für Planer und Architekten Y1 - 2019 UR - https://www.bbsr.bund.de/BBSR/DE/forschung/programme/zb/Auftragsforschung/5EnergieKlimaBauen/2018/klibau/handlungsempfehlungen.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=4 ER -