TY - GEN A1 - Engelmann, Michael A1 - Wulff, Wulf A1 - Lorenz, Thomas A1 - Frey, Simon A1 - Wernicke, Laurenz A1 - Zhang, Yangwen A1 - Schauer, Thomas A1 - Bleicher, Achim T1 - How to Exploit the Glass Mass for Damping a Building? T2 - Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings N2 - The worlds spectacular skylines host tall and slender buildings to create a maximum of office, residential and commercial space on a minimized footprint. These structures need to cope with increasing wind forces at height and are additionally affected by wind-induced vibration due to their lower natural frequencies. The resulting vibrations make users uncomfortable. Therefore, heavy tuned mass dampers are installed in structures and occupy valuable space especially in the costliest top-floors. As an example, Taipei 101’s steel damper is located between the 87th and 91st floor and weights astonishing 660 metric tons. This raises the need for additional reinforcement which increases cost and carbon footprint.Most buildings in expensive metropolises are cladded with remarkable glass facades. Therefore, we asked the question if it was possible to use the existing mass – more specifically the glass mass in a Double‑Skin Facade – to dampen the building’s movement, create a comfortable space for the user, exploit more floor area for the investor and finally to minimize the amount of building material to reduce carbon footprint for society. The idea was realized in a collaborative research effort of TU Berlin, BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg and Josef Gartner GmbH that resulted in a full-scale mock-up of a Double‑Skin Facade. Its outer skin can move laterally on a guide rail system. As the building starts to move, the facade's inner skin remains fixed to the base structure while the outer skin follows the building’s movement in a delayed manner due to its mass inertia. The fixed inner skin and the moveable outer skin are connected by a spring system that is tuned to the first natural frequency of the base structure. During the motion of the facade’s outer skin, the spring system redirects the relative movement and generates a stabilizing force for the base structure in the opposite direction. Additionally, an electrical machine is placed in between to provide an adjustable damping effect for semi-active and passive control. It also serves the purpose of a generator to study the opportunity to harvest energy. The paper shows the structural design options for the novel facade concept in the context of a project review of Double-Skin and Closed-Cavity Facades. The function of a full-scale mock-up, its fabrication and installation are described to show feasibility and ongoing challenges. First test results reveal a close match between theoretical assumptions and the applied testing. This engineering-driven and experimentally validated design opens a new field of architectural options in sustainable facade design which is focused on tuning physical parameters that affect the damping properties of the global structure. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://proceedings.challengingglass.com/index.php/cgc/article/view/425 U6 - https://doi.org/10.47982/cgc.8.425 VL - 8 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Yangwen A1 - Schauer, Thomas A1 - Bleicher, Achim T1 - Optimized passive/semi-active vibration control using distributed-multiple tuned facade damping system in tall buildings T2 - Journal of Building Engineering N2 - To reduce wind-induced vibrations, Tuned Mass Dampers (TMD) are widely used in high-rise buildings. However, traditional TMD system requires large additional damping mass and huge installation space at the top floors of the building. In this paper, a novel distributed-Multiple Tuned Facade Damping (d-MTFD) system is investigated. This system employs the outer skin mass of the Double-Skin Facade (DSF) as the damping mass. In the upper stories, the DSF’s outer skin, mounted on a guide rail system, is designed to be parallel moveable. The passive/semi-active d-MTFD system, which is assumed to be installed on a 76-story benchmark building under across-wind excitation, is optimized using multi-objective Genetic Algorithms (GA) for two defined objectives: minimizing the peak top floor acceleration and controlling the maximum peak relative displacement of all the moveable DSF’s outer skins. On-off groundhook control and displacement-reducing bang-bang control are used as semi-active control strategies. The rolling friction caused by the guide rail system has a considerable impact on the optimization results. These results are presented in the form of Pareto fronts. Optimized parameters can be selected to yield a good trade-off between both objectives. The optimized passive/semi-active d-MTFD systems can highly improve the structural response. Compared with the optimized passive d-MTFD system, the use of semi-active control can reduce the vibration of the DSF’s outer skin significantly. Comparing the selected optimized cases with similar peak top floor acceleration, the peak top floor facade relative displacement using displacement-reducing bang-bang control decreases 58.3%, and the Root Mean Square (RMS) value decreases 61.4%. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352710222004296 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2022.104416 SN - 2352-7102 VL - 52 SP - 104416 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Yangwen A1 - Wulff, Wulf A1 - Wernicke, Laurenz A1 - Engelmann, Michael A1 - Schauer, Thomas A1 - Bleicher, Achim T1 - Moveable Facade Elements for Sustainable High-rise Buildings T2 - IABSE Congress Nanjing 2022 - Bridges and Structures: Connection, Integration and Harmonisation N2 - This paper presents a sustainable semi-active distributed-Multiple Tuned Facade Damping (d-MTFD) system that utilizes the existing mass of the Double-Skin Facade's outer skin as damping mass to mitigate structural vibrations caused by wind excitation. Based on this concept, a prototype with one full-scale parallel moveable facade element has been developed, built, and validated. A stepper motor working together with its connected energy harvesting circuit is innovatively applied as an adjustable electrical damper and simultaneously as an energy harvester. Its feasibility has been proven through experiments using Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL) simulations. An energy harvesting efficiency of 75% was achieved by using a two-stage power converter as the energy harvesting circuit. The self-sufficiency of the semi-active d-MTFD system was achieved. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/364162446_Moveable_Facade_Elements_for_Sustainable_High-rise_Buildings SN - 978-3-85748-184-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2749/nanjing.2022.1046 SP - 1046 EP - 1054 CY - Nanjing, China ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Schauer, Thomas A1 - Bleicher, Achim A1 - Zhang, Yangwen A1 - Wulff, Wulf A1 - Wernicke, Laurenz T1 - Schwingungsdämpfung und Energiegewinnung mit beweglichen Doppelfassaden: Entwurf Optimierung und Validierung eines autarken verteilten semiaktiven Systems zur Reduktion Wind-induzierter Schwingungen bei schlanken Hochhäusern N2 - Weltweit werden immer mehr „superschlanke“ Hochhäuser gebaut, da sie bei einer dichten städtischen Flächennutzung erhebliche wirtschaftliche Vorteile bieten. Jedoch sind sie sehr anfällig für Windanregungen. Schwingungstilger sind passiv als auch aktiv Stand der Technik und haben sich als effiziente Lösungen zur Dämpfung Wind-induzierter Strukturschwingungen erwiesen. Dieser Ansatz benötigt jedoch zusätzliche Masse und einen großen Bauraum in den begehrten obersten Etagen. In diesem Forschungsprojekt wurde ein neuer semiaktiver und verteilter Fassadendämpfer untersucht, der die Masse der Außenhaut einer Doppelfassade im Sinne der Ressourceneffizienz als Dämpfungsmasse nutzt. Für die Realisierung einer zeitlich veränderlichen Dämpfung wurde ein mechatronischer Schwingungsdämpfer inklusive Energie-Harvester entwickelt, der Energie in einer Batterie speichert. Zur Validierung der Konzepte und zum Nachweis des autarken Betriebs des geregelten Dämpfungssystems wurde in Zusammenarbeit mit der Josef Gartner GmbH ein bewegliches Doppelfassadenelement als Prototyp realisiert und auf einem Versuchsstand installiert. Dies erlaubt die Durchführung von Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulationen, bei denen ein gesamtes Gebäude simuliert wird und ein einzelnes Fassadenelement als Hardware physisch aktiv ist und sein Verhalten untersucht werden kann. Die Machbarkeit einer autarken semiaktiven Dämpfung mit parallel beweglichen Prallscheiben an Doppelfassaden konnte somit erfolgreich demonstriert werden. Der Ansatz liefert einen Beitrag, den CO2-Fußabdruck eines Hochhauses zu reduzieren. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2022112808245531150998 UR - https://www.bbsr.bund.de/BBSR/DE/veroeffentlichungen/bbsr-online/2022/bbsr-online-08-2022.html SN - 1868-0097 VL - 08/2022 CY - Bonn ER -