TY - CHAP A1 - Rolland, Wolfgang A1 - Gerke, Horst H. A1 - Biemelt, Detlef A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Kügler, R. A1 - Kügler, Marcus T1 - Zusammenschau Transportprozesse Y1 - 2000 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Dümig, Alexander A1 - Kögel-Knabner, Ingrid A1 - Wiehe, Wolfgang A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Initial pedogenesis in a topsoil crust 3 years after construction of an artificial water catchment in Brandenburg, NE Germany T2 - Biogeochemistry N2 - Cyanobacteria and green algae present in biological soil crusts are able to colonize mineral substrates even under extreme environmental conditions. As pioneer organisms, they play a key role during the first phases of habitat colonization. A characteristic crust was sampled 3 years after installation of the artificial water catchment “Chicken creek”, thus representing an early successional stage of ecosystem development. Mean annual rainfall and temperature were 559 mm and 9.3°C, respectively. We combined scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDX) and infrared (FTIR) microscopy to study the contact zone of algal and cyanobacterial mucilage with soil minerals in an undisturbed biological soil crust and in the subjacent sandy substrate. The crust was characterized by an approximately 50 μm thick surface layer, where microorganisms resided and where mineral deposition was trapped, and by an approximately 2.5 mm thick lower crust where mineral particles were stabilized by organo-mineral structures. SEM/EDX microscopy was used to determine the spatial distribution of elements, organic compounds and minerals were identified using FTIR microscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The concentration of organic carbon in the crust was about twice as much as in the parent material. Depletion of Fe, Al and Mn in the lower crust and in the subjacent 5 mm compared to the geological substrate was observed. This could be interpreted as the initial phase of podzolization. Existence of bridging structures between mineral particles of the lower crust, containing phyllosilicates, Fe compounds and organic matter (OM), may indicate the formation of organo-mineral associations. pH decreased from 8.1 in the original substrate to 5.1 on the crust surface 3 years after construction, pointing to rapid weathering of carbonates. Weathering of silicates could not be detected. Y1 - 2010 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-010-9464-z SN - 1573-515X VL - 101 IS - 1-3 SP - 165 EP - 176 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Zech, Wolfgang T1 - Effects of calcined magnesite, magnesium hydroxide and "Geosan" on soil properties in declining Norway spruce stands (NE Bavaria) Y1 - 1991 UR - https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2FBF02385237.pdf ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kaupenjohann, Martin A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Zech, Wolfgang ED - Teller, Anne T1 - Decline of Norway spruce in NE-Bavaria, FRG T2 - Responses of forest ecosystems to environmental changes, proceedings of the First European Symposium on Terrestrial Ecosystems: Forests and Woodlands, held at Florence, Italy, 20 - 24 May 1991 Y1 - 1992 SN - 1-85166-878-0 SP - 586 EP - 587 PB - Elsevier CY - London ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Zech, Wolfgang T1 - Düngung mit gebranntem Magnesit und Magnesiumhydroxid zur Standortmelioration in einem stark geschädigten Fichtenökosystem Y1 - 1993 UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jpln.19931560413 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Zech, Wolfgang T1 - Element turnover in a heavily damaged Norway spruce ecosystem influenced by N deposition Y1 - 1993 UR - https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00029098 SP - 277 EP - 285 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Biemelt, Detlef A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Knoche, Dirk T1 - Stoff- und Wasserhaushalt von Kippenstandorten im Lausitzer Braunkohlerevier T2 - Vortragsband des 4. GBL-Kolloquiums vom 26. - 28. November 1997 in Cottbus, Ergebnisse und Empfehlungen Y1 - 1998 SN - 3-510-95822-5 SP - 122 EP - 125 PB - Schweizerbart CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Grünewald, Uwe A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. A1 - Kögel-Knabner, Ingrid A1 - Munch, Jean Charles T1 - Patterns and processes of initial ecosystem development in an artificial catchment Y1 - 2008 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Biemelt, Detlef A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Monitoring program at the artificial catchment "chicken creek", Germany Y1 - 2008 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Biemelt, Detlef A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Mazur, Kai T1 - Hydrology and water quality Y1 - 2010 UR - http://opus.kobv.de/btu/volltexte/2011/2073/ ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Biemelt, Detlef A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Initial development of the artificial catchment 'Chicken Creek' - monitoring and survey 2005-2008 Y1 - 2010 UR - http://opus.kobv.de/btu/volltexte/2011/2073/pdf/Ecol_Dev_Vol_2_2010.pdf SN - 1867-7800 PB - Cottbus : Research Center Landscape Development and Mining Landscapes (FZLB) ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Elmer, Michael A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Biemelt, Detlef T1 - Environmental monitoring at the Chicken Creek catchment T2 - Structures and processes of the initial ecosystem development, 1st International Conference associated with 4th Meeting of Young Researchers in Earth Sciences (MYRES), 20-24 September 2010, Cottbus, Germany, proceedings Y1 - 2010 UR - https://www-docs.b-tu.de/chicken-creek/public/Proceedings_TR38_2010.pdf SP - S. 27 PB - BTU CY - Cottbus ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Nenov, Rossen A1 - Vogt, Silvio A1 - Elmer, Michael A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Biemelt, Detlef T1 - Monitoring installations at the Chicken Creek catchment T2 - Structures and processes of the initial ecosystem development, 1st International Conference associated with 4th Meeting of Young Researchers in Earth Sciences (MYRES), 20-24 September 2010, Cottbus, Germany, proceedings Y1 - 2010 UR - https://www-docs.b-tu.de/chicken-creek/public/Proceedings_TR38_2010.pdf SP - S. 84 PB - BTU CY - Cottbus ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Biemelt, Detlef A1 - Fischer, Annette T1 - Formation of spatial structures and patterns during the first five years of the artificial catchment ´Chicken Creek´ T2 - Structures and processes of the initial ecosystem development, 1st International Conference associated with 4th Meeting of Young Researchers in Earth Sciences (MYRES), 20-24 September 2010, Cottbus, Germany, proceedings Y1 - 2010 UR - https://www-docs.b-tu.de/chicken-creek/public/Proceedings_TR38_2010.pdf SP - S. 104 PB - BTU CY - Cottbus ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Biemelt, Detlef A1 - Winter, S. A1 - Fischer, Annette A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Overview and first results of ecological monitoring at the artificial watershed Chicken Creek (Germany) T2 - Physics and Chemistry of the Earth Y1 - 2011 SN - 1873-5193 VL - 36 IS - 1-4 SP - 61 EP - 73 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Pohle, Ina A1 - Hu, Yuzhu A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Maurer, Thomas A1 - Hinz, Christoph T1 - Hydrogeochemische Signaturen der Einzugsgebietsentwicklung – die Rolle der Calcium- und Sulfatfreisetzung im Hühnerwassereinzugsgebiet T2 - Abstract-Sammlung zu Posterbeiträgen, eingereicht zum Tag der Hydrologie in Trier 2017, 23. 03. – 24. 03. 2017 Y1 - 2017 UR - https://www.uni-trier.de/fileadmin/fb6/prof/PHY/PDF-Dateien/TdH2017_4Abstracts_Poster.pdf SP - S. 5 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hinz, Christoph A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Pohle, Ina T1 - Entwicklung eines transienten hydrologischen Systems: Zustandsänderungen des künstlichen Einzugsgebiets Hühnerwasser T2 - Abstract-Sammlung zu Posterbeiträgen, eingereicht zum Tag der Hydrologie in Trier 2017, 23. 03. – 24. 03. 2017 Y1 - 2017 UR - https://www.uni-trier.de/fileadmin/fb6/prof/PHY/PDF-Dateien/TdH2017_4Abstracts_Poster.pdf SP - S. 1 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Wecker, Birgit A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. ED - Petschel, Tim T1 - Veränderungen der Oberbodeneigenschaften von Waldböden im nordostdeutschen Tiefland druch langjährige atmogene Stoffakkumulation T2 - Landschaft im Wandel - Ökologie im Wandel Y1 - 2002 SN - 3-89533-379-4 PB - Verl. Die Werkstatt CY - Göttingen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Zaplata, Markus K. A1 - Kollmann, Johannes A1 - Ulrich, Werner A1 - Winter, Susanne A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Elmer, Michael A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Fischer, Anton ED - Jeltsch, Florian ED - Joshi, Jasmin T1 - Cover balance or degree of autocorrelation? It is the same and integratively traces pattern formation during succession T2 - GfÖ 43rd Annual Meeting, Building bridges in ecology, linking systems, scales and disciplines, September 9 to 13, 2013, Potsdam, Germany N2 - It is widely acknowledged that increasing complexity is a key attribute of ecosystem genesis. This is particularly true for primary succession on homogeneous substrates. However, a mechanistic understanding of spatial colonisation and pattern formation during primary succession has not been achieved yet. Thus, we studied this topic for 7 years within an experimental catchment (6 ha) established in the post-mining landscape of eastern Germany. Equidistant permanent plots (120 plots à 25m²) allowed for autocorrelation analyses, and thus tracing the spatial development of species cover performance. For each species tested, the “cover balance” first increased due to colonization, while decreasing in the course of succession. Drawing a benefit from these temporal trends, we suggested cover balance levels revealed by autocorrelation analyses to best indicate well-defined phases in primary succession at spatial entities. Hence, with the help of this spatial approach, terrestrial succession can be understood now much better at the most general level of the hierarchy provided by Pickett et al. (1987). In accordance with these authors, at subordinated levels of the causal hierarchy differential species performance might get collectively explained by contributing processes or conditions, such as ecophysiological traits, life history strategies, competition and allelopathy of the occurring plant species. Further research is needed to understand their relative contributions to the pattern formation. Y1 - 2013 UR - http://www.gfoe-2013.de/download/130905_GFOe_2013_Abstracts.small.pdf SP - 228 EP - 229 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wecker, Birgit A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Einfluss kohliger Substanz auf den Stoffaustrag gestörter Standorte Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Neumann, C. A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Actual cation exchange capacity in lignite containing pyritic mine spoils. Y1 - 2001 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Kögel-Knabner, Ingrid A1 - Zeyer, Josef A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - The artificial catchment 'Chicken Creek': A research site to study the development of biogeochemical cycles in initial ecosystems T2 - EGU General Assembly 2009, Vienna, Austria, 19 – 24 April 2009 Y1 - 2009 N1 - EGU2009-4344 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Pohle, Ina A1 - Maurer, Thomas A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Hinz, Christoph A1 - Badorreck, Annika T1 - Water balance dynamics of the constructed Chicken Creek catchment as influenced by 12 years of ecological development T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2018, Vienna, Austria N2 - Experimental catchments with well-known boundaries and characteristics may contribute valuable data to hydrological, critical zone and landscape evolution research. One of the most well-established and largest constructed catchments is the Chicken Creek catchment (6 ha area including a 0.4 ha pond, Brandenburg, Germany) representing an initial ecosystem undergoing a highly dynamic ecological development starting from clearly defined starting conditions. The water balance dynamics of the catchment was calculated using a simple mass balance approach to reveal the impact of ecological development during 12 years. Water storage in the catchment was calculated from a 3D-model of groundwater volumes, soil moisture measurements and water level recordings of the pond. The catchment water balance equation was resolved for evapotranspiration, the only part that was not measured directly. Due to the known boundary conditions and the inner structure of the catchment, we were able to quantify the different storage compartments and their role in hydrologic response. Our results indicate that for small catchments with a highly dynamic ecological development like the Chicken Creek, the knowledge about saturated and unsaturated storage volumes enables a good estimate and closure of the water balance using a rather simple approach, at least in annual resolution. We found a significant relationship between vegetation cover in the catchment and calculated ET. Time series of meteorological, hydrological, soil and vegetation data over 12 years enabled us to characterize the transient development of the catchment and to evaluate the effect of different feedback mechanisms on catchment hydrology. The dataset from the Chicken Creek catchment indicate at least three phases in ecosystem development, where initial abiotic feedbacks (e.g. erosion) were followed by more and more biotic controls (e.g. biological soil crusts, vegetation succession and growth). Data from Chicken Creek in high spatial and temporal resolution provide a valuable database underlining the high importance of abiotic/biotic feedback effects that change the hydrologic functioning and response of the catchment more than the water balance itself revealed and thus have to be included in catchment models. Y1 - 2018 UR - https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2018/EGU2018-11977.pdf N1 - EGU2018-11977 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Pohle, Ina A1 - Maurer, Thomas A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Hinz, Christoph A1 - Badorreck, Annika T1 - Water Balance Dynamics during Ten Years of Ecological Development at Chicken Creek Catchment T2 - Vadose Zone Journal N2 - Difficulties in quantitatively closing the water balance of catchments arise when upscaling point measurements and from insufficient knowledge of the physical boundaries, inner structure, and storage volumes of natural catchments. In addition, there is a strong need for generalizing the relationship between catchment characteristics and hydrological response. Therefore, experimental catchments with well-known boundaries and conditions could contribute valuable data to hydrological and critical zone research. One of the most well-established and largest constructed catchments is the Chicken Creek catchment (6 ha including a pond, Brandenburg, Germany) representing an initial ecosystem undergoing highly dynamic ecological development starting from clearly defined starting conditions. Directly after completion of the construction, extensive monitoring equipment was installed to track the ecosystem development and to capture the spatiotemporal variability of meteorological, hydrological, ecological, and soil conditions and vegetation succession. In this study, we focused on the water balance dynamics of the Chicken Creek catchment for the period 2005 to 2015 as influenced by ecological development. Water storage in the catchment was calculated from a three-dimensional model of groundwater volumes, soil moisture measurements, and water level recordings of the pond. The catchment water balance equation was resolved for evapotranspiration, the only part that was not measured directly. Time series of meteorological, hydrological, and ecological data for 10 yr enabled us to characterize the transient development of the catchment and to evaluate the effect of different feedback mechanisms on catchment hydrology. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2017.04.0074 SN - 1539-1663 VL - 16 IS - 11 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Hinz, Christoph A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Zaplata, Markus K. A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. ED - Liu, Jiu-Fu ED - Gu, Wei-Zu T1 - Ecosystem Development in the Constructed Catchment "Chicken Creek" T2 - Hydrology of Artificial and Controlled Experiments N2 - Landscapes and ecosystems are complex systems with many feedback mechanisms acting between the various abiotic and biotic components. The knowledge about these interacting processes is mainly derived from mature ecosystems. The initial development of ecosystem complexity may involve state transitions following catastrophic shifts, disturbances, or transgression of thresholds. We propose a conceptual framework of feedback processes in early states of ecosystem development affected by spatiotemporal environmental drivers. To test this concept, we used 10-year time series of hydrological, biological, geomorphological, and soil data from the constructed catchment Chicken Creek.” The 6ha site was left to unrestricted development since 2005 and was intensively monitored. The data showed a very rapid development of the site with an increasing complexity and heterogeneity. In the first years, stochastic signals like the initial substrate conditions and external drivers like extreme weather events were the most important factors resulting in abiotic/abiotic feedback mechanisms shaping the morphology of the site and creating site diversity. Initial abiotic feedback mechanisms between water and substrate were soon followed by abiotic/biotic feedbacks between biological soil crusts, invading vegetation, geomorphology, and hydrology resulting in state transitions of catchment functioning. Y1 - 2018 UR - https://www.intechopen.com/books/hydrology-of-artificial-and-controlled-experiments/ecosystem-development-in-the-constructed-catchment-chicken-creek- SN - 978-1-78923-559-3 SN - 978-1-78923-558-6 SP - 75 EP - 93 PB - Intech Open CY - London ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ulrich, Werner A1 - Zaplata, Markus K. A1 - Winter, Susanne A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Fischer, Anton A1 - Soliveres, Santiago A1 - Gotelli, Nicholas J. T1 - Species interactions and random dispersal rather than habitat filtering drive community assembly during early plant succession T2 - Oikos N2 - Theory on plant succession predicts a temporal increase in the complexity of spatial community structure and of competitive interactions: initially random occurrences of early colonising species shift towards spatially and competitively structured plant associations in later successional stages. Here we use long-term data on early plant succession in a German post mining area to disentangle the importance of random colonisation, habitat filtering, and competition on the temporal and spatial development of plant community structure. We used species co-occurrence analysis and a recently developed method for assessing competitive strength and hierarchies (transitive versus intransitive competitive orders) in multispecies communities. We found that species turnover decreased through time within interaction neighbourhoods, but increased through time outside interaction neighbourhoods. Successional change did not lead to modular community structure. After accounting for species richness effects, the strength of competitive interactions and the proportion of transitive competitive hierarchies increased through time. Although effects of habitat filtering were weak, random colonization and subsequent competitive interactions had strong effects on community structure. Because competitive strength and transitivity were poorly correlated with soil characteristics, there was little evidence for context dependent competitive strength associated with intransitive competitive hierarchies. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.02658 VL - 125 IS - 5 SP - 698 EP - 707 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Badorreck, Annika A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Hinz, Christoph A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Das Hühnerwasser-Einzugsgebiet in SO-Brandenburg im Übergang von einem abiotischen zu einem biotisch kontrollierten Wasserhaushalt T2 - Hydrologie und Wasserbewirtschaftung N2 - Das Hühnerwasser-Einzugsgebiet ist ein 6 ha großes, künstlich geschaffenes Wassereinzugsgebiet im Tagebau Welzow-Süd in Südost-Brandenburg. Das Zweischichtsystem mit einer Ton- und einer darüber liegenden Sandschicht wurde im Jahr 2005 fertiggestellt und ohne weitere Rekultivierungsmaßnahmen für Forschungszwecke bereitgestellt. Es lässt exemplarisch die Untersuchung der initialen Landschaftsgenese zu. Insbesondere die Entwicklung von einem zunächst noch abiotisch kontrollierten hin zu einem biotisch gesteuerten System lässt sich hier beobachten. In diesem Beitrag werden beispielhaft einige in diesem Kontext aufgetretene Interaktionen zwischen abiotischen und biotischen Strukturelementen vorgestellt. Dies sind zum einen Erosions- und Sedimentationsprozesse und ihre Wechselwirkungen mit der Vegetation. Zum anderen wird der Einfluss der Vegetation auf die Grundwasserentwicklung dargestellt. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5675/HyWa_2018,3_1 SN - 0012-0235 SN - 1439-1783 VL - 62 IS - 3 SP - 134 EP - 144 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Pohle, Ina A1 - Hu, Yuzhu A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Hinz, Christoph T1 - Hydrogeochemical signatures of catchment evolution – the role of calcium and sulphate release in the constructed Hühnerwasser (“Chicken Creek”) catchment T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria N2 - The constructed Hühnerwasser (“Chicken Creek”) catchment is an ecohydrological system in an initial state of development. The catchment with an area of 6 ha was built up from quaternary sediments in the post-mining landscape of Lusatia in Eastern Germany and serves as a critical zone observatory for detecting ecosystem transition. The soil substrate is characterized as sands to loamy sands with low carbonate contents but significant amounts of gypsum in the sediments of the catchment. The catchment undergoes a strong transition from an abiotic system in the initial years to a system with growing influence of biota. Concerning the hydrology, a regime shift from surface runoff to groundwater flow dominated processes is significant. It is of interest, whether the catchment transition is also reflected by hydrogeochemical indicators. We assume gypsum dissolution as dominant process at the catchment scale. In order to investigate the hydrogeochemical evolution of the catchment we analysed electric conductivity, calcium and sulphate concentrations and pH-values of biweekly composite samples from 2007-2013 of the atmospheric deposition, of runoff and soil water. The two observation points in the flowing water represent surface runoff and groundwater discharge respectively. Soil water has been analysed at four soil pits in three depths. The monitoring data were provided by the Research Platform Chicken Creek. From the macroscopic data analysis we found an exponential decay of the electric conductivity, calcium and sulphate concentrations in the flowing waters and some of the soil pits. In the flowing water, the decrease slope of the electric conductivity and the calcium and sulphate concentrations is almost identical. The calcium / sulphate molar ratio as an indicator of gypsum dissolution is almost equal to one up to 2010, afterwards more calcium than sulphate is released. The pH-values in the flowing and soil water are generally higher than in the atmospheric deposition, they do show variabilites but no trend behaviour. The time series analyses showed that the interannual variability of the hydrogeochemical properties is less pronounced in the first years of ecosystem development than in the later years. This leads to the conclusion, that in the first years, gypsum dissolution is the major source for calcium and sulphate in the soil and the flowing waters. The increasing interannual variability and changes in the calcium / sulphate ratio in the later years might be interpreted as hydrogeochemical response to the development of vegetation and acidification due to the development of the rhizosphere. Y1 - 2016 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2016/EGU2016-7726-1.pdf N1 - EGU2016-7726-1 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Hinz, Christoph A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Monitoring of Ecosystem Development at the Constructed Catchment Chicken Creek T2 - TERENO International Conference 2014, From Observation to Prediction in Terrestrial Systems, 29 September to 2 October 2014, Book of Abstracts N2 - The constructed catchment Chicken Creek was established in 2005 as an experimental landscape laboratory for ecosystem research. The 6 ha area with clearly defined horizontal as well as vertical boundary conditions was left for an unrestricted primary succession. The developing ecosystem offers the opportunity to study most processes occurring at the interface of bio-, pedo-, geo- and hydrosphere. Particularly interactions and feedbacks between different evolving compartments as well as the establishment of ecosystem functions and services can be investigated during the ongoing ecosystem development. The catchment is extensively instrumented since 2005 in order to detect transition stages of the ecosystem. Comprehensive data recorded with a high spatial and temporal resolution include hydrological, geomorphological, pedological, limnological as well as biological parameters. This site offers the unique situation of an early stage ecosystem with highly dynamic system properties. The first years of development were characterized by a fast formation of geomorphological structures due to massive erosion processes at the initially non-vegetated surface. Hydrological processes led to the establishment of a local groundwater body within 5 years. In the following years the influence of biological structures like vegetation patterns gained an increasing importance. Feedbacks between developing vegetation and e.g. hydrological features became more and more dominant. As a result, different phases of ecosystem development could be distinguished until now. This observatory offers manifold possibilities to identify and disentangle complex interactions between ecosystem compartments in situ under natural conditions. The originally low complexity of the system is growing with time facilitating the identification of influences of newly developing structures on ecosystem functions. Thus, it is possible to study effects of small-scale processes on the whole system at the landscape scale. In addition, the highly dynamic initial system properties allow the observation of multifaceted changes of ecosystem properties and functions within short periods of time. Y1 - 2014 UR - http://www.tereno-conference2014.de/tereno-conference/EN/download_book_of_abstracts/_node.html SP - P2-12 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Zaplata, Markus K. A1 - Hinz, Christoph T1 - A Critical Zone Observatory for detecting ecosystem transition: the constructed catchment Chicken Creek (Germany) T2 - Procedia Earth and Planetary Science N2 - The constructed catchment Chicken Creek was established in 2005 as an experimental landscape laboratory for ecosystem research. The 6 ha area with clearly defined horizontal as well as vertical boundary conditions was left for natural primary succession. All Critical Zone elements are represented at this site, which allows the study of most processes occurring at the interface of bio-, pedo-, geo- and hydrosphere. It provides outstanding opportunities for investigating interactions and feedbacks between different co-evolving compartments. The catchment has been extensively instrumented since 2005. Data are recorded with a high spatial and temporal resolution and include hydrological, geomorphological, pedological, limnological as well as biological parameters in order to detect transition states of the ecosystem. In contrast to other Critical Zone Observatories, this site offers the unique situation of an early stage ecosystem with highly dynamic properties. The first years of development were characterized by a fast formation of geomorphological structures due to massive erosion of the initially non-vegetated surface. Hydrological processes led to the establishment of a local groundwater body within 5 years. In the following years the influence of biological structures like vegetation patterns gained increasing importance. Feedbacks between developing vegetation and e.g. hydrological features became more and more apparent. As a result, different phases of ecosystem development have been distinguished. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeps.2014.08.009 VL - 10 SP - 46 EP - 51 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Elmer, Michael A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Hinz, Christoph T1 - The constructed catchment ’Chicken Creek’ – a landscape observatory to analyze processes and feedback mechanisms during initial ecosystem development T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April – 02 May 2014 N2 - We investigated the initial development of the landscape observatory ’Chicken Creek’, Germany, an artificial catchment with well known boundary conditions and inner structures (Gerwin et al., 2011). Over a period of nine years, we observed considerable changes within the site (Elmer et al., 2013). Both internal and external factors could be identified as driving forces for the formation of structures and patterns in the catchment. Over time, secondary structures and patterns evolved and became more and more important. Invading biota and vegetation succession initialized feedback mechanisms resulting in pattern and habitat formation as well as in increased differentiation, heterogeneity and complexity that are typical characteristics of ecosystems (Schaaf et al., 2013). The processes and feedback mechanisms in the initial development of a new landscape may deviate in rates, intensity, and dominance from those known from mature ecosystems. It is therefore crucial to understand these early phases of ecosystem development and to disentangle the increasingly complex interactions between the evolving terrestrial and aquatic, biotic, and abiotic compartments of the system. Y1 - 2014 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2014/EGU2014-6042.pdf N1 - EGU2014-6042-1 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hinz, Christoph A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Gerwin, Werner T1 - Competing feedbacks drive state transitions during initial catchment evolution: Examples from post-mining landscape and ecosystems evolution T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April – 02 May 2014 N2 - Within the context of severely disturbed landscapes with little or no ecological memory, such as post-mining landscapes, we propose a simple framework that explains the catchment evolution as a result of competing feedbacks influenced by the initial conditions and the atmospheric drivers such as rainfall intermittency and intensity. The first stage of the evolution is dominated by abiotic feedbacks triggered by rainfall and subsequent fluid flow causing particle mobilisation on the surface and in the subsurface leading to flow concentration or in some instances to densification of surface and subsurface substrates. Subsequently, abiotic-biotic feedbacks start to compete in the sense that biological activity generally stabilizes substrate by preventing particle mobilisation and hence contribute to converting the substrate to a habitat. We suggest that these competing feedbacks may generate alternative stable states in particular under semi-arid and arid climatic conditions, while in temperate often energy limited environments biological process “outcompete” abiotic processes leading to a stable state, in particular from the water balance point of view for comparable geomorphic situations. Y1 - 2014 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2014/EGU2014-12609.pdf N1 - EGU2014-12609 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ulrich, Werner A1 - Piwczynski, Marcin A1 - Zaplata, Markus K. A1 - Winter, Susanne A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Fischer, Anton T1 - Soil conditions and phylogenetic relatedness influence total community trait space during early plant succession T2 - Journal of Plant Ecology N2 - The total space of traits covered by the members of plant communities is an important parameter of ecosystem functioning and complexity. We trace the variability of trait space during early plant succession and ask how trait space co-varies with phylogenetic community structure and soil conditions. Particularly, we are interested in the small-scale variability in trait space and the influence of biotic and abiotic filters. We use data on species richness and soil conditions from the first 7 years of initial succession of an artificial catchment in north-eastern Germany. Total functional attribute diversity serves as a proxy to total trait space. Total trait space steadily increased during succession. We observed high small-scale variability in total trait space that was positively correlated with species richness and phylogenetic segregation and negatively correlated with total plant cover. Trait space increased with soil carbonate content, while pH and the fraction of sandy material behaved indifferently. Our results indicate that during early succession, habitat filtering processes gain importance leading to a lesser increase in trait space than expected from the increase in species richness alone. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtt048 VL - 7 IS - 4 SP - 321 EP - 329 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Zaplata, Markus K. A1 - Maurer, Thomas A1 - Boldt-Burisch, Katja A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Hinz, Christoph T1 - An interactive survey panel regarding the effects of mice (Microtus spec.) on a young ecosystem T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015 KW - interactive survey panel Y1 - 2015 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2015/EGU2015-13818.pdf N1 - EGU2015-13818 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Hinz, Christoph A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Zaplata, Markus K. A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - The role of feedback mechanisms in the initial development of the constructed catchment Chicken Creek T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015 KW - initial development Y1 - 2015 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2015/EGU2015-8664.pdf N1 - EGU2015-8664 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Elmer, Michael A1 - Fischer, Anton A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Nenov, Rossen A1 - Pretzsch, Hans A1 - Seifert, Stefan A1 - Winter, Susanne A1 - Zaplata, Markus K. T1 - Monitoring the formation of structures and patterns during initial development of an artificial catchment T2 - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment N2 - The objective of this paper is to present observations, results from monitoring measurements, and preliminary conclusions about the development of patterns and structures during the first 5 years of development of an artificial catchment starting from point zero. We discuss the high relevance of initial system traits and external events for the system development and draw conclusions for further research. These investigations as part of a Collaborative Research Center, aim to disentangle and understand the feedback mechanisms and interrelationships of processes and their co-development with spatial and temporal structures and patterns by studying an initial, probably less complex ecosystem. Therefore, intensive measurements were carried out in the catchment with regard to the development of surface structures, hydrological patterns, vegetation dynamics, water chemistry, and element budgets. During the first 5 years, considerable changes within the catchment were observed. Both internal and external factors could be identified as driving forces for the formation of structures and patterns in the artificial catchment. Initial structures formed by the construction process and initial substrate characteristics were decisive for the distribution and flow of water. External factors like episodic events triggered erosion and dissection during this initial phase, promoted by the low vegetation cover, and the unconsolidated sandy substrate. The transformation of the initial geosystem into areas with evolving terrestrial or aquatic characteristics and from a very episodic to a more permanent stream network and discharge, together with the observed vegetation dynamics increased site diversity and heterogeneity with respect to water and nutrient availability and transformation processes compared with the more homogenous conditions at point zero. The processes and feedback mechanisms in the initial development of a new landscape may deviate in rates, intensity, and dominance from those known from mature ecosystems. It is therefore crucial to understand these early phases of ecosystem development and to disentangle the increasingly complex interactions between the evolving terrestrial and aquatic, biotic, and abiotic compartments of the system. Long-term monitoring of initial ecosystems may provide important data and parameters on processes and the crucial role of spatial and temporal structures and patterns to solve these problems. Artificially created catchments could be a suitable tool to study these initial developments at the landscape scale under known, designed, and defined boundary conditions. KW - ecosystem development Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-012-2998-x SN - 0167-6369 VL - Vol. 185 IS - 7 SP - 5965 EP - 5986 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Fischer, Anton A1 - Gerke, Horst H. A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Grünewald, Uwe A1 - Holländer, Hartmut M. A1 - Kögel-Knabner, Ingrid A1 - Mutz, Michael A1 - Schloter, Michael A1 - Schulin, Rainer A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Winter, Susanne A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Patterns and processes of initial terrestrial-ecosystem development T2 - Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science N2 - Ecosystems are characterized as complex systems with abiotic and biotic processes interacting between the various components that have evolved over long-term periods. Most ecosystem studies so far have been carried out in mature systems. Only limited knowledge exists on the very initial phase of ecosystem development. Concepts on the development of ecosystems are often based on assumptions and extrapolations with respect to structure–process interactions in the initial stage. To characterize the effect of this initial phase on structure and functioning of ecosystems in later stages, it is necessary to disentangle the close interaction of spatial and temporal patterns of ecosystem structural assemblages with processes of ecosystem development. The study of initial, less complex systems could help to better identify and characterize coupled patterns and processes. This paper gives an overview of concepts for the initial development of different ecosystem compartments and identifies open questions and research gaps. The artificial catchment site “Chicken Creek” is introduced as a new research approach to investigate these patterns and processes of initial ecosystem development under defined boundary conditions. This approach allows to integrate the relevant processes with related pattern and structure development over temporal and spatial scales and to derive thresholds and stages in state and functioning of ecosystems at the catchment level. KW - soils KW - pedogenesis KW - vegetation succession KW - microbial succession KW - artificial catchment Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.201000158 SN - 1522-2624 VL - 174 IS - 2 SP - 229 EP - 239 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Elmer, Michael A1 - Hinz, Christoph T1 - The constructed catchment Chicken Creek as Critical Zone Observatory under transition T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April – 02 May 2014 N2 - The constructed catchment Chicken Creek was established in 2005 as an experimental landscape laboratory for ecosystem research. The 6 ha area with clearly defined horizontal as well as vertical boundary conditions was left for an unrestricted primary succession. All Critical Zone elements are represented at this site, which allows the study of most processes occurring at the interface of bio-, pedo-, geo- and hydrosphere. It provides outstanding opportunities for investigating interactions and feedbacks between different evolving compartments during ecosystem development. The catchment is extensively instrumented since 2005 in order to detect transition stages of the ecosystem. Data recorded with a high spatial and temporal resolution include ydrological, geomorphological, pedological, limnological as well as biological parameters. Y1 - 2014 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2014/EGU2014-6248.pdf N1 - EGU2014-6248 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hinz, Christoph A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Elmer, Michael A1 - Flühler, Hannes A1 - Holländer, Hartmut M. A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - State transitions in the artificial catchment Huehnerwasser (Chicken Creek): Ecosystems development 8 years after initialization : abstract T2 - Soil-mediated Drivers of Coupled Biogeochemical and Hydrological Processes across Scales, AGU Chapman Conference Biosphere II, Tucson, Arizona, USA, 21-24 October 2013 Y1 - 2013 UR - http://chapman.agu.org/soil-mediated/files/2013/10/AGU-CC13SD-3.pdf SP - S. 34 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Biemelt, Detlef A1 - Fischer, Annette A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang ED - Ukonmaanaho, Liisa ED - Nieminen, Tiina Maileena ED - Starr, Michael T1 - Monitoring of ecosystem patterns and processes in an artificial catchment in Lusatia, Germany T2 - 6th International Symposium on Ecosystem Behaviour BIOGEOMON 2009 Y1 - 2009 UR - http://www.metla.fi/julkaisut/workingpapers/2009/mwp128.pdf SN - 978-951-40-2177-0 SP - S. 84 PB - Finnish Forest Research Institute CY - Vantaa, Finland ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Biemelt, Detlef A1 - Elmer, Michael A1 - Maurer, Thomas A1 - Schneider, Anna T1 - The artificial catchment Hühnerwasser (Chicken Creek): Construction and initial properties Y1 - 2010 UR - http://opus.kobv.de/btu/volltexte/2011/2072/pdf/Ecol_Dev_Vol_1_2010.pdf PB - FZLB CY - Cottbus ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. A1 - Kögel-Knabner, Ingrid A1 - Zeyer, Josef A1 - Munch, Jean Charles A1 - Grünewald, Uwe A1 - Pretzsch, Hans A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Veste, Maik T1 - Structures and processes of the initial ecosystem development phase in an artificial water catchment T2 - Plant Life in an Extreme and Changing Environment, Book of Abstracts T2 - Pflanzenleben in extremer und sich ändernder Umwelt Y1 - 2008 UR - http://www.desertconsult.de/PDF/initial_ecosystem2008.pdf N1 - Meeting of the Specialist Groups "Desert Ecology" and "Experimental Ecology" of the Society of Ecology (GfÖ)in Cooperation with German Society of Limnology (DGL) Tharandt, Germany, March 31 – April 2, 2008 SP - 89 EP - 90 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Biemelt, Detlef A1 - Fischer, Anton A1 - Winter, Susanne A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - The artificial catchment "Chicken Creek" (Lusatia, Germany) - A landscape laboratory for interdisciplinary studies of initial ecosystem development T2 - Ecological Engineering Y1 - 2009 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2009.09.003 SN - 0925-8574 VL - 35 IS - 12 SP - 1786 EP - 1796 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Biemelt, Detlef A1 - Fischer, Annette A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang T1 - The "Point Zero": Monitoring of biogeochemical patterns and processes in an artificial ecosystem (Lusatia, Germany) T2 - EGU General Assembly 2009, Vienna, Austria, 19 – 24 April 2009 Y1 - 2009 N1 - EGU2009-5292 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Biemelt, Detlef T1 - Monitoring of Soil-Plant-Atmosphere patterns and processes in an artificial catchment T2 - EGU General Assembly 2008, Wien Y1 - 2008 N1 - EGU2008-A-01047 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Elmer, Michael ED - Elmer, Michael ED - Schaaf, Wolfgang ED - Biemelt, Detlef ED - Gerwin, Werner ED - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Soil solution and water chemistry T2 - The artificial catchment Chicken Creek - initial ecosystem development 2005-2010 Y1 - 2011 SP - 55 EP - 66 PB - FZLB CY - Cottbus ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hangen, Edzard A1 - Gerke, Horst H. A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang T1 - Erfassung räumlich differenzierter Wasser- und Soffverlagerung im Kippenboden mittels Multitracerversuch und Zelllysimeter Y1 - 2001 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Badorreck, Annika ED - Novák, Martin ED - Krám, Pavel ED - Stepánová, Markéta T1 - Twelve years of monitoring the ecological development of a constructed catchment T2 - 9th International Symposium on Ecosystem Behavior BIOGEOMON, Litomysl, Czech Republic, August 20-24, 2017 N2 - Landscapes and ecosystems are complex systems with many feedback mechanisms acting between the various abiotic and biotic components. The knowledge about these interacting processes is mainly derived from mature ecosystems. The initial development of ecosystem complexity may involve state transitions following catastrophic shifts, disturbances or transgression of thresholds. The Chicken Creek catchment was constructed in 2005 to study ecosystem development of an initial ecosystem at the landscape scale. The world´s largest constructed catchment has a hillslope-shaped 6 ha size with defined boundary conditions and well-documented inner structures1. For 12 years, we have been monitoring the development of different system compartments2,3. The fast formation of patterns and increasing heterogeneity were challenges for the monitoring program. Starting with a regular 20 × 20 m grid in the initially homogeneous system, monitoring installations were continuously complemented by more pattern and patch oriented measurements in order to catch up with both the spatial and temporal dynamics of the catchment. The monitoring program includes both high-resolution temporal recordings (e.g., groundwater levels, discharge, meteorological data, soil moisture), spatial sampling campaigns (e.g., soil properties) and annual vegetation surveys. In addition, we use drone images to document the site development. The presentation describes the monitoring approach and adaptation with examples from vegetation, soil and hydrological data at different spatial and temporal scales. From the monitoring data we were able to derive different phases during initial development that are characterized by abiotic/biotic feedback mechanisms controlling catchment functioning. Detailed monitoring of the Chicken Creek catchment with known boundary conditions and structure information could help in disentangling general feedback mechanisms between hydrologic, pedogenic, biological and geomorphological processes as well as in gaining a more integrative view of succession and its drivers during the transition from initial, less complex systems to more mature ecosystems. Long-term time series of data are the key for a better understanding of these processes and the effects on ecosystem self-organization and resilience. Y1 - 2017 UR - http://www.biogeomon.cz/documents/Abstracts.pdf SP - 42 EP - 43 PB - Czech Geological Survey CY - Prague ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hangen, Edzard A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. A1 - Gerke, Horst H. A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang ED - Merbach, Wolfgang T1 - 3D-Wurzelverteilung sechzehnjähriger Schwarzkiefern in einem Kippenboden im Vergleich mit markierten Fließwegen T2 - Physiologie und Funktion von Pflanzenwurzeln, 11. Borkheider Seminar zur Ökophysiologie des Wurzelraumes,Schmerwitz/Brandenburg vom 25. bis 27. September 2000 Y1 - 2001 SN - 3-519-00337-6 SP - 13 EP - 23 PB - Teubner CY - Stuttgart [u.a.] ET - 1. Auflage ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Freese, Dirk A1 - Böhm, Christian A1 - Krümmelbein, Julia T1 - Initiale Ökosystementwicklung, Rekultivierung und alternative Landnutzung in der Niederlausitzer Bergbaufolgelandschaft T2 - Böden verstehen, Böden nutzen, Böden fit machen, Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, 3. - 9. September 2011 Y1 - 2011 SP - 22 EP - 27 PB - Dt. Bodenkundliche Gesellschaft CY - Oldenburg ER -