TY - GEN A1 - Kuhn, Ramona A1 - Benndorf, Dirk A1 - Rapp, Erdmann A1 - Reichl, Udo A1 - Palese, Luigi Leonardo A1 - Pollice, Alfieri T1 - Metaproteome analysis of sewage sludge from membrane bioreactors T2 - Proteomics N2 - Microbial dynamics and enzymatic activities of activated sludge processes are not completely understood yet. A better understanding about the biology is indispensable for further process optimization. Since proteins play a key role as catalysts in sludge processes, a protocol for protein extraction and analysis by 2-D PAGE was established. It is based on phenol extraction of alkaline extracts and on a subsequent precipitation with ammonium sulphate. 2-D protein patterns obtained from different sludges collected from membrane bioreactors showed – besides common spots – significant differences. Selected proteins were identified with nano- HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. All membrane biological reactor (MBR) sludge samples investigated in this study contained elastase 3A, which implies that this human serine protease is a significant constituent of municipal wastewater. Although the identification of proteins from ammonia-oxidizing bacterium Nitrosomonas europaea was expected, the detection of a protein with homology to the marine bacterium Saprospira grandis in MBR1 was surprising. KW - De novo sequencing KW - Membrane bioreactor KW - metaproteomics KW - microbial communities KW - Microbiology KW - Protein extraction Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/pmic.201000590 SN - 1615-9861 VL - 11 IS - 13 SP - 2738 EP - 2744 ER -