TY - GEN A1 - Bayuzick, Samuel A1 - Guarin, Daniel A1 - Benavides, Jhony A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Diefenbach, Duane A1 - McDill, Marc A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Drohan, Patrick J. T1 - Soil and geomorphic patterns within relict charcoal hearths could represent unique ecosystem niches T2 - Geomorphology N2 - Hearths used for 19th and 20th century charcoal manufacturing have been found to have unique plant communities or to produce unique growth characteristics for some species but not others. Given known differences in hearth morphology, within hearth physical and chemical differences may exist and result in unique ecologic niches. We examined soil stratigraphy across 8 relict charcoal hearths (RCH) and control soils on different landforms near a 19th century furnace complex (Greenwood Furnace, northcentral Appalachians USA). Soils were analyzed for particle size, total and trace elements, and fertility. Platform creation resulted in soils from upslope RCH positions mixed with subsurface materials on the downslope side to create a stabilized platform. The thin, uniform thickness of charcoal surface horizons (Ac) indicate that RCHs were not used more than once for charcoal manufacturing or that charcoal was always removed very efficiently. While rubification of soil or rock from high heat was seen in 6 of 8 sites sampled, it was not extensive across sampled areas of any one hearth, which indicate hearth use may not be frequent, hot enough, or spatially disparate. Soil fertility characteristics change within RCHs but also by landscape position. Downslope RCH positions are enriched in some parameters compared to control soils (total C, Mehlich 3 Mg, Ca, and Aquia Regia digestion Mn) and that enrichment often is from the surface downward. Downslope enrichment within RCH soils may have occurred from charcoal and released ions, slope erosion and accumulation, or transportation of constructed materials during RCH creation. Landscape position may accentuate or mute soil chemistry differences. Greenwood Furnace RCHs have unique patterns of chemistry, which could result in unique niches for flora and maybe fauna within RCH. Future research could more closely investigate whether hearths support unique species assemblages and how they may play a role in enhancing today’s forest biodiversity. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169555X22004184 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108525 SN - 1872-695X VL - 422 SP - 1 EP - 16 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Grandas Tavera, Camila A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Holguin Trujillo, Laura T1 - Valorization of biogas digestate as organic fertilizer for closing the loop on the economic viability to develop biogas projects in Colombia T2 - Cleaner and Circular Bioeconomy N2 - This study aims to find the best digestate valorization pathway in the Colombian context in order to foster biogas (BG) projects' economic viability and their sustainability. The GICON's BG power plant is intended to treat 19,710 t/y of fruit and vegetable wastes (FVW) from local wholesale markets in Cali, Colombia. Experimental feedstock and digestate characterization carried by Universidad ICESI and CIAT, integration of mass, energy, and nutrient balances of residues with the methodological approach based on structural analysis and expert's survey allowed further assessment of the BG project's economic viability on the proposed digestate valorization framework. Results suggested a significant profit by selling treated digestate through the vacuum evaporation (VE) technology. VE concentrated 27% of nitrogen, 18% of phosphorus, and 33% potassium of the feedstock. Furthermore, it reduced the volume of water, facilitating product transportation and making the product commercially attractive. This alternative exhibited the highest revenue for the BG project, and its expenses were slightly higher than the ones calculated for raw and separated digestate. Also, a positive return of the investment and financially worthiness could be expected, making the project economically feasible. These results provide a useful tool to evaluate future events and serve as a reference to support the BG project's viability by integrating them with the BG project's financial model and adapt the required conditions for desirable technologies. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772801322000318?via%3Dihub U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clcb.2022.100035 VL - 4 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Roß, Christina-Luise A1 - Raab, Thomas ED - Blume, Hans-Peter ED - Felix-Henningsen, Peter ED - Frede, Hans-Georg ED - Guggenberger, Georg ED - Horn, Rainer ED - Stahr, Karl T1 - Auswirkungen auf biologische Bodeneigenschaften T2 - Handbuch der Bodenkunde N2 - Die Ausbringung von abbaubarem organischem Material wirkt sich in den meisten Fällen positiv auf die biologische Aktivität sowie die Vielfalt der mikrobiellen Arten (Bakterien und Eukaryoten) im Boden aus. Grundsätzlich gilt dies auch für Bioabfälle, allerdings lassen sich kaum generelle Aussagen treffen, da die Wirkung auf das Bodenleben zu stark von der Qualität des Abfalls abhängt. Einige Bioabfallarten, z. B. aus der Olivenölgewinnung, können zudem ganz spezielle Probleme mit sich bringen, die eine Anwendung als Düngeprodukt oder Bodenhilfsstoff erschweren oder vollständig ausschließen. Insbesondere kommunale Abfälle können außerdem Plastik enthalten, das durch Abrieb und Zerkleinerung zu Partikeln zerfällt, die von Bodenorganismen unabsichtlich aufgenommen Zusammenfassung Die Ausbringung von abbaubarem organischem Material wirkt sich in den meisten Fällen positiv auf die biologische Aktivität sowie die Vielfalt der mikrobiellen Arten (Bakterien und Eukaryoten) im Boden aus. Grundsätzlich gilt dies auch für Bioabfälle, allerdings lassen sich kaum generelle Aussagen treffen, da die Wirkung auf das Bodenleben zu stark von der Qualität des Abfalls abhängt. Einige Bioabfallarten, z. B. aus der Olivenölgewinnung, können zudem ganz spezielle Probleme mit sich bringen, die eine Anwendung als Düngeprodukt oder Bodenhilfsstoff erschweren oder vollständig ausschließen. Insbesondere kommunale Abfälle können außerdem Plastik enthalten, das durch Abrieb und Zerkleinerung zu Partikeln zerfällt, die von Bodenorganismen unabsichtlich aufgenommen werden können. Hinsichtlich Abundanz und Diversität der Mikroorganismen ist der Nährstoffgehalt des Bioabfalls eine wesentliche Steuergröße. Von besonderer Bedeutung sind dabei Stickstoff, Phosphor, Kalium und Kohlenstoff. Die Applikation organischer Reststoffe als Dünger kann auch einen entscheidenden Beitrag zur Förderung von Nützlingen und zur Bekämpfung von schädlichen Makro- und Mikroorganismen leisten, da physikalische und chemische Bodeneigenschaften so verändert werden, dass günstige Bedingungen für erwünschte detritivore Gemeinschaften und sonstige Nützlinge entstehen. Zum Teil werden die Nützlinge sogar direkt mit dem organischen Material eingetragen, und Schädlinge können so durch Konkurrenz oder Prädation zurückgedrängt werden oder finden keine geeigneten Lebensbedingungen mehr vor. Krankheitserreger sind in organischen Abfällen reichlich vorhanden, mittels Pasteurisierung (1 h bei 70 °C) werden die meisten Humanpathogene jedoch abgetötet. Damit wird ein direktes Gesundheitsrisiko nahezu ausgeschlossen und der zunehmenden Verbreitung von bakteriellen Antibiotikaresistenzgenen in der Umwelt entgegengewirkt. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9783527678495.hbbk2021008 SN - 978-3-527-32129-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527678495.hbbk2021008 SP - 1 EP - 19 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Grimm, Mark A1 - Heinrich, Martina A1 - Baig, Sawdha A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Soil nitrogen pool and its fractions in German apple orchards under organic vs conventional management T2 - EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 24–28 Apr 2023 N2 - Agriculture is a massive production with intensive practices, like large variety of agro-chemicals, heavy machinery etc., that support food security. However, recently more and more attention is given to food safety in relation to human, environment and soil health. An alternative strategy is organic agriculture that avoids the use of synthetic chemicals and maintain the sustainable food production. But organic farming cannot completely support the worlds foods demand, so adaptation is needed to reach a sustainable productivity while protecting the environment. Soil nitrogen (N) pool consists of inorganic and organic fractions. Inorganic and a part of labile organic N is a primary nutrient source for plants and microbes. Different nitrogen fractions play various roles in soil ecosystems and can be strongly influenced by the site management. Soil nitrogen transformations are directly relatable to plant health, thus strongly influence healthy functioning of soil ecosystem. Knowledge about the soil nitrogen pools is necessary to assess the proper and sustainable fertilization approaches under various management practices. To evaluate various N fractions, fresh soil samples were sampled (20 cm depth, row and near tree) at 8 conventional and 8 organic apple farms (Germany: states of Brandenburg, Saxsony and Saxony-Anhalt), with various age, locations and management practices. Soil samples were analyzed using CNS, Kjeldhal digestion, spectrophotometer and chloroform fumigation. The aim of this study is to compare the total and labile (particulate organic, microbial biomass and water extractable organic) N fractions in soil samples considering various site management approaches, topography and climate. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-3208 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Grimm, Mark A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Heinrich, Martina T1 - Integrated analysis of Multifunctional Fruit production landscapes to promote ecosystem services and sustainable land-use under climate change (MultiFruit): Approaches and first results of soil sampling campaign T2 - EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 24–28 Apr 2023 N2 - Beginning in 2020 the research of the MultiFruit cluster seeks to optimize food production and the provision of ecosystem services in multifunctional landscapes. Joining agricultural production with the provision of ecosystem services and the preservation of biological diversity, the outcomes of this project aim to provide comprehensive findings to farmers, and the agricultural community as a whole, that are also applicable in the face of climate change. Active apple orchards located in greater Brandenburg, Germany of both organic and conventional management practices have been selected as the sites of research. The present state of organic apple orchards in Germany can best be described as organic “conventionalization”; high yielding orchards with little to no plant diversity, with the major differences being the substitution of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, and fungicides with organic alternatives certified by the Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (Bundesamt für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit). The project implements an interdisciplinary approach, with researchers of ecology, economics, soil and microbial sciences. The ecological subproject is investigating how local management measures and the surrounding landscapes affect natural pest control by beneficial insects. The soil group are investigating the toxicological and soil health impacts of conventional and organic practices through analysis of both plant and soil material collected from the orchards. Microbial studies seek to provide information on the microorganisms that promote the growth, health, and performance of fruit trees. The economic studies aim to assess the costs and benefits of management measures and resulting pest control services for fruit growers and society as a whole. The overall expected outcome of this cluster is to maximize ecosystem services provided by the orchards while optimizing yield and maintaining soil and orchard health. Here we show the preliminary results of the 2021 field campaign related to the soil group. The processed plant and soil material was analyzed at our laboratory and total elemental concentration of all constituents was determined using Microwave assisted MP-AES for select metals and cations (Zn, Cu, Fe, Al, Mg, Ca, K). These results, in conjunction with measured soil properties (pH, EC, Scheibler carbonate measurement, Total N, Total C) aid in the effort to determine the effects of the various management practices on the soil health and the mobility and translocation of metals and cations within the plant tissues. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-12714 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Verschoof-van der Vaart, Wouter A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Ouimet, William A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Automated large-scale mapping and analysis of relict charcoal hearths in Connecticut (USA) using a Deep Learning YOLOv4 framework T2 - Archaeological Prospection Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/arp.1889 SN - 1099-0763 SN - 1075-2196 VL - 30 IS - 3 SP - 251 EP - 266 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Grimm, Mark A1 - Kästner, Friederike A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Brassica juncea as a Feasible Hyperaccumulator of chosen potentially toxic metals under extreme environmental conditions T2 - International Journal of Environmental Research Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s41742-023-00528-8 SN - 1735-6865 VL - 17 IS - 3 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Jonczak, Jerzy A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Optimizing pyrolysis conditions of biochars derived from byproducts of forest and food industry for soil amendments T2 - Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, Einladung und Programm Halle (Saale), 2.-8. September 2023 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://conference.ufz.de/frontend/index.php?page_id=3985&v=List&do=15&day=all&ses=1235# ER - TY - GEN A1 - Grimm, Mark A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Impacts of Farming Practices on Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) and micronutrients in German Apple Orchards T2 - Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, Einladung und Programm Halle (Saale), 2.–8. September 2023 Y1 - 2023 SP - 78 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jouy, Florent A1 - Schüle, Maren A1 - Adhikari, Yojana A1 - Binder, Anja A1 - Clerc, Danica A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Heinken, Thilo A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Repmann, Frank A1 - Rönnefarth, Susanne A1 - Schirrmacher, Marina A1 - Schmehl, Marie-Therese A1 - Schröder, Jens A1 - Ibisch, Pierre L. T1 - Factors impacting the variability of post-fire forest regeneration in central European pine plantations T2 - Restoration Ecology N2 - Fire is increasingly posing a risk to forests and plantations, even in the temperate latitudes of central Europe. Little is known about fire ecology in this region, and therefore, appropriate approaches for the management and reforestation of burned sites are mostly lacking. In a Scots pine plantation region in Brandenburg (northeast Germany), the early tree regeneration of two nearby areas that burned 1 year apart was investigated. We observed that 3 years after the fire events, the forest in one study area showed a relatively high regeneration with a mean density of 7765 saplings/ha, clearly dominated by European aspen (93%); whereas the other study area showed a lower mean density of 5061 saplings/ha, dominated by Scots pine (71%) and aspen (15%). Three years after the fires, the difference in aspen density was 11-fold between the two areas. We studied the effects of several variables about soil and environmental properties on the aspen establishment in these two study areas in the second and third years after the fire events. We found that the post-fire aspen regeneration was influenced by several factors, including soil texture, soil disturbance from forest management, volume of deadwood, and browsing. We also discussed that weather conditions during seed production and germination might have played a role in the difference in aspen establishment between the two study areas. We concluded that the post-fire forest regeneration potential in the study region is highly variable and could come under critical pressure as climate change progresses. Y1 - 2025 UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/rec.70017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.70017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hinz, Christoph A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Lehmkuhl, Frank T1 - Editorial for the Special Issue “Anthropogenic Geomorphology – Geomorphology in the Anthropocene” T2 - Geomorphology Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108528 SN - 0169-555X VL - 422 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Badorreck, Annika A1 - Krümmelbein, Julia A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Long-term effects of deep soil loosening on root distribution and soil physical parameters in compacted lignite mine soils T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015 KW - deep soil loosening KW - lignite mine Y1 - 2015 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2015/EGU2015-14990.pdf N1 - EGU2015-14990 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Bauriegel, Albrecht A1 - Nicolay, Alexander T1 - Junge Böden der Niederlausitz T2 - Brandenburgische Geowissenschaftliche Beiträge N2 - In der Niederlausitz finden sich sehr unterschiedliche Beispiele für junge Bodenbildungen, die oftmals durch menschliche Eingriffe ausgelöst wurden. In dem Beitrag werden neben den jüngsten Bodenentwicklungen auf Bergbaufolgestandorten auch jüngere Böden auf seit dem Mittelalter mit Flugsanden überdeckten Standorten vorgestellt. Obwohl die Genese der auf diesen Flugsanddecken anzutreffenden Böden bereits seit bis zu 1 000 Jahre andauert, sind hier erst Böden der Klasse der Ah/C-Böden entwickelt. Auf den Bergbaufolgestandorten wird versucht, die Bodenbildung durch spezielle Meliorationsmaßnahmen zu fördern. Untersuchungen an diesen besonders jungen Böden lassen gut die Prozesse der initialen Bodenentwicklung erkennen. Y1 - 2015 SN - 0947-1995 VL - 22 IS - 1 SP - 137 EP - 148 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Spröte, Roland A1 - Forman, Steven L. A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Holocene Dune Formation and Human-Induced Aeolian Remobilisation in South Brandenburg, Germany T2 - AGU 2008 Fall Meeting, Suppl. N2 - In the Mid Latitudes form and function of the earth surface are mainly affected by Pleistocene periglacial processes such as solifluction, cryoturbation and aeolian deposition. On the other hand, human impact on landscapes in Central Europe may date back to the earliest farmers from the Neolithic Period (c. 5500 a cal BC). At least since the Middle Ages intense land-use produced wide deforested areas. In the sand-rich North German Lowland these human-induced deforestation often resulted in the remobilisation of Late Pleistocene to Early Holocene sand dunes. Especially in the vicinity of former mining sites or glassworks the dune landscapes possess quite young stratigraphic disturbances (fossilized horizons, weak developed top soils). Within the scope of the Transregional Collaborative Research Centre (SFB/TRR) 38, funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), inland dunes in South Brandenburg were used as comparison sites to study structures and processes of the initial ecosystem development phase in an artificial water catchment. Here, we present first results of the pedostratigraphy and the age of two dune systems near Glashuette which is about 50 km south of Berlin. Based on twelve Optical Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) and six radiocarbon (14C) datings a chronology of the landscape development for the last c. 10000 years is derived. Data prove that both dune systems - even though they are just c. 1 km apart and have similar morphological features such as height, width, and orientation - have a completely different history in aeolian sand deposition and pedogenesis. At dune 'Glashuette 1' a well established podsol forms the topsoil. At dune 'Glashuette 2' soil development is clearly in a more initial state showing only some humus accumulation and weaker podsolization processes. OSL and 14C ages of sand from 'Glashuette 1' range between about 11.4 ka cal. BC (3.9 m below surface) and 9.4 ka cal. BC (0.7 m below surface). Against that, the sands in 'Glashuette 2' are mainly dated to about 0.8 ka cal BC (3.4 to 0.7 m below surface). On the basis of our findings further analyses can be planned more accurately to study the impact of initial processes on the later state of ecosystems characteristics. Y1 - 2008 SP - H51D-0842 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Spröte, Roland A1 - Forman, Steven L. A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Buried soils and dune sediments as archives of human-induced aeolian activity in the vicinity of historic glassworks, South Brandenburg, Germany T2 - EGU General Assembly 2009, Vienna, Austria, 19 – 24 April 2009 Y1 - 2009 N1 - EGU2009-4965-1 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Leopold, Matthias A1 - Dethier, David A1 - Völkel, Jörg A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Combining sediment analysis and seismic refraction to describe the structure, thickness and distribution of periglacial slope deposits at Niwot Ridge, Rocky Mountains Front Range, Colorado, USA T2 - Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie Y1 - 2008 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1127/0372-8854/2008/0052S2-0077 VL - 52 IS - 2 SP - 77 EP - 94 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Biemelt, Detlef A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - The artificial water catchment "Chicken Creek" as an observatory for critical zone processes and structures T2 - Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Y1 - 2009 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-6-1769-2009 SN - 1812-2116 VL - 6 IS - 2 SP - 1769 EP - 1795 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Repmann, Frank A1 - Schaaf, Wolfgang A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Bodenveränderungen durch Waldbrände – Stoffvorräte und Stoffverlagerungen T2 - Jahrestagung der DBG 2022 "Grenzen überwinden, Skalen überschreiten" 5. - 8. September 2022 in Trier N2 - Die zurückliegenden trocken-heißen Sommer haben im Süden Brandenburgs zu zahlreichen Bränden in den dominierenden Kiefernwäldern geführt, einige davon mit katastrophalen Ausmaßen. Dazu gehören die extremen Brandereignisse 2018 bei Treuenbrietzen sowie 2019 bei Jüterbog und Lieberose, die zusammen weit über 1000 ha Waldfläche zerstört und dabei auch Veränderungen der betroffenen Waldböden verursacht haben. Das seit Mai 2020 von der FNR geförderte Verbundvorhaben Pyrophob befasst sich mit den Auswirkungen von Waldbränden im Süden Brandenburgs auf die Waldökosysteme und mit waldbaulichen Maßnahmen, die mittelfristig zu einer Verringerung der Brandanfälligkeit der Wälder beitragen sollen. Im Rahmen des auf eine fünfjährige Laufzeit ausgelegten Verbundvorhabens finden bodenkundliche Untersuchungen auf zwölf Versuchsflächen bei Treuenbrietzen und Jüterbog statt. An beiden Standorten werden unverbrannte Referenzflächen mit einbezogen. Ergänzend konnten bei Lieberose bereits 2019 nur kurz nach dem Brandgeschehen erste Bodenuntersuchungen durchgeführt werden. Die untersuchten Brandflächen bei Jüterbog und Lieberose sind als Totalreservate ausgewiesen, auf denen auch nach dem Brand waldbauliche Maßnahmen vollständig unterbleiben. Auf den Flächen bei Treuenbrietzen wurden verschiedene Behandlungsvarianten durchgeführt, zu denen auf einem Teil der Flächen die vollständige Entfernung der abgestorbenen Bäume gehörte, während auf anderen Teilflächen Totholz auf der Fläche verblieb. Ziel der bodenkundlichen Arbeiten in Pyrophob ist zum einen eine Charakterisierung der direkten Auswirkungen des Brandes auf Humus und Mineralboden hinsichtlich des Stoffbestandes und bodenbiologischer Prozesse. Zum anderen wird der Stoffaustrag aus dem Oberboden erfasst. Der etwaige Einfluss der unterschiedlichen waldbaulichen Vorgehensweise auf die Bodenverhältnisse wird dabei als ein Indikator für die Auswahl geeigneter Maßnahmen berücksichtigt. In den verschiedenen Untersuchungsvarianten des Vorhabens wurden zu diesem Zweck Humus- und Mineralbodenprofile untersucht. Zudem wurden Mischproben aus dem Ober- und Unterboden entnommen und auf ihren Stoffhaushalt hin analysiert. Auf jeder Untersuchungsfläche wurden je drei frei dränende Kleinlysimeter in 10 cm Bodentiefe installiert, um die zeitlichen Veränderungen der Sickerwasserzusammensetzung und die durch den Brand initiierten Stoffausträge aus dem Oberboden zu quantifizieren. Ergänzend finden Untersuchungen zu möglichen Auswirkungen der Brände auf bodenbiologische Prozesse wie Streuabbau und Stickstoffmineralisation statt. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.dbges.de/de/system/files/Trier2022/programmheft-dbg_2022_ou_17052022_lores.pdf SP - 48 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Leopold, Matthias A1 - Dethier, David A1 - Völkel, Jörg A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Rikert, Tyler Corson A1 - Caine, Nel T1 - Using Geophysical Methods to Study the Shallow Subsurface of a Sensitive Alpine Environment, Niwat Ridge, Colorado Front Range, U.S.A. T2 - Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research Y1 - 2008 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1657/1523-0430(06-124)[LEOPOLD]2.0.CO;2 SN - 1938-4246 VL - 40 IS - 3 SP - 519 EP - 530 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Völkel, Jörg A1 - Raab, Thomas ED - Hoppe, Andreas T1 - Effects of uranium mining on the landscape ecology in Eastern Thuringia - Mining dumps and flooplains as sinks and sources of mining related substances T2 - GeoDarmstadt2010, Geowissenschaften sichern Zukunft, Frankfurt am Main & Darmstadt, 10. Oktober - 13. Oktober 2010, Kurzfassungen der Vorträge und Poster Y1 - 2010 SN - 978-3-510-49219-0 SP - 573 EP - 574 CY - Hannover ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Repmann, Frank A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Stability of Prussian Blue in Soils of a Former Manufactured Gas Plant Site T2 - Soil and Sediment Contamination N2 - Soil contamination with iron-cyanide complexes is a common problem at former manufactured gas plant (MGP) sites. Dissolution of the cyanide, from Prussian Blue (ferric ferrocyanide), creates an environmental hazard, whereas the risk of groundwater contamination depends on the stability of dissolved iron–cyanide complexes. Lack of a standard leaching method to determine the water-soluble (plant-available) cyanide fraction generates potential limitations for implementing remediation strategies like phytoremediation. Applicability of neutral solution extraction to determine the water-soluble cyanide fraction and the stability of Prussian Blue in surface and near-surface soils of an MGP site in Cottbus, undersaturated and unsaturated water conditions, was studied in column leaching and batch extraction experiments. MGP soils used in the long-term tests varied according to the pH (5.0–7.7) and the total cyanide content (40–1718 mg kg−1). Column leaching, after four months of percolation, still yielded effluent concentrations exceeding the German drinking water limit (> 50 μg L−1) and the solubility of Prussian Blue reported in the literature (< 1 mg L−1) from both alkaline and acidic soils. Long-term (1344 h) extraction of MGP soils with distilled water was sufficient to dissolve 97% of the total cyanide from the slightly alkaline soils and up to 78% from the acidic soils. Both experiments revealed that dissolution of ferric ferrocyanide under circum-neutral pH and oxic water conditions is a function of time, where the released amount is dependent on the soil pH and total cyanide content. Unexpectedly high and continuous solubility of Prussian Blue, both in acidic and slightly alkaline MGP soils, implies the need to introduce an additional cyanide fraction (“readily soluble fraction”) to improve and specify cyanide leaching methods. Long-term extraction of cyanide-contaminated soil in neutral solution seems to be a promising approach to evaluate the potential hazard of groundwater pollution at the MGP sites. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/15320383.2014.839626 SN - 1549-7887 VL - 23 IS - 5 SP - 504 EP - 522 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Boldt-Burisch, Katja A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Effect of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) roots inoculation using different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species on sorption of iron-cyanide (Fe-CN) complexes T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria, 17 April – 22 May 2016 N2 - Soils and groundwater on sites of the former Manufactured Gas Plants (MGPs) are contaminated with various complex iron-cyanides (Fe-CN). Phytoremediation is a promising tool in stabilization and remediation of Fe-CN affected soils, however, it can be a challenging task due to extreme adverse and toxic conditions. Phytoremediation may be enhanced via rhizosphere microbial activity, which can cooperate on the degradation, transformation and uptake of the contaminants. Recently, increasing number of scientist reports improved plants performance in the removal of toxic compounds with the support of arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF). Series of batch experiments using potassium hexacyanoferrate (II) solutions, in varying concentrations, were used to study the effect of ryegrass roots (Lolium perenne L.) inoculation with Rhizophagus irregularis and a mixture of Rhizophagus irregularis, Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus aggregatus, and Claroideoglomus etunicatum on Fe-CN sorption. Results indicated significantly higher colonization of R. irregularis than for the mixture of AMF species on ryegrass roots. Sorption experiments revealed significantly higher reduction of total CN and free CN content in the mycorrhizal roots, indicating greater cyanide decrease in the treatment inoculated with R. irregularis. Our study indicates contribution of AM fungi in phytoremediation of Fe-CN contaminated soil. Y1 - 2016 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2016/EGU2016-4223-2.pdf N1 - EGU2016-4223-2 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Repmann, Frank A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Retardation of iron-cyanide complexes in the soil of a former manufactured gas plant site T2 - Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A N2 - The soil in the vicinities of former Manufactured Gas Plant (MGP) sites is commonly contaminated with iron-cyanide complexes (ferric ferrocyanide). The phenomenon of cyanide mobility in soil, according to the literature, is mainly governed by the dissolution and precipitation of ferric ferrocyanide, which is only slightly soluble (<1 mg L¡1) under acidic conditions. In this paper, retention properties of the sandy loam soil and the potential vertical movement of the solid iron-cyanide complexes, co-existing with the dissolution, sorption and precipitation reactions were investigated. Preliminary research conducted on a former MGP site implied colloidal transport of ferric ferricyanide from the initial deposition in the wastes layer towards the sandy loam material (secondary accumulation), which possibly retarded the mobility of cyanide (CN). A series of batch and column experiments were applied in order to investigate the retardation of iron-cyanide complexes by the sandy loam soil. Batch experiments revealed that in circumneutral pH conditions sandy loam material decreases the potassium ferro- and ferricyanide concentration. In column experiments a minor reduction in CN concentration was observed prior to addition of iron sulfide (FeS) layer, which induced the formation of the Prussian blue colloids in circumneutral pH conditions. Precipitated solid iron-cyanide complexes were mechanically filtered by the coherent structure of the investigated soil. Additionally, the reduction of the CN concentration of the percolation solutions by the sandy loam soil was presumably induced due to the formation of potassium manganese iron-cyanide (K2Mn[Fe(CN)6]). Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2015.981116 SN - 1532-4117 SN - 1093-4529 VL - 50 IS - 3 SP - 282 EP - 291 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Boldt-Burisch, Katja A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Possible evidence for contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in phytoremediation of iron–cyanide (Fe–CN) complexes T2 - Ecotoxicology N2 - Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are integral functioning parts of plant root systems and are widely recognized for enhancing contaminants uptake and metabolism on severely disturbed sites. However, the patterns of their influence on the phytoremediation of iron–cyanide (Fe–CN) complexes are unknown. Fe–CN complexes are of great common interest, as iron is one of the most abundant element in soil and water. Effect of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) roots inoculation, using mycorrhizal fungi (Rhizophagus irregularis and a mixture of R. irregularis, Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus aggregatus, and Claroideoglomus etunicatum), on iron–cyanide sorption was studied. Results indicated significantly higher colonization of R. irregularis than the mixture of AMF species on ryegrass roots. Series of batch experiments using potassium hexacyanoferrate (II) solutions, in varying concentrations revealed significantly higher reduction of total CN and free CN content in the mycorrhizal roots, indicating greater cyanide decrease in the treatment inoculated with R. irregularis. Our study is a first indication of the possible positive contribution of AM fungi on the phytoremediation of iron–cyanide complexes. Y1 - 2016 UR - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10646-016-1678-y U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-016-1678-y SN - 1573-3017 VL - 25 IS - 6 SP - 1260 EP - 1269 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Dimitrova, Tsvetelina A1 - Repmann, Frank A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Freese, Dirk T1 - Uptake of ferrocyanide in willow and poplar trees in a long term greenhouse experiment T2 - Ecotoxicology N2 - Phytoremediation of sites contaminated with iron cyanides can be performed using poplar and willow trees. Poplar and willow trees were grown in potting substrate spiked with ferrocyanide concentrations of up to 2,000 mg kg-1 for 4 and 8 weeks respectively. Soil solution and leaf tissue of different age were sampled for total cyanide analysis every week. Chlorophyll content in the leaves was determined to quantify cyanide toxicity. Results showed that cyanide in the soil solution of spiked soils differed between treatments and on weekly basis and ranged from 0.5 to 1,200 mg l-1. The maximum cyanide content in willow and poplar leaves was 518 mg kg-1 fresh weight (FW) and 148 mg kg-1 FW respectively. Cyanide accumulated in the leaves increased linearly with increasing cyanide concentration in the soil solution. On the long term, significantly more cyanide was accumulated in old leaf tissue than in young tissue. Chlorophyll content in poplar decreased linearly with increasing cyanide in the soil solution and in leaf tissue, and over time. The inhibitory concentration (IC50) value for poplars after 4 weeks of exposure was 173 mg l-1 and for willow after 8 weeks of exposure—768 mg l-1. Results show that willows tolerate much more cyanide and over a longer period than poplars, making them very appropriate for remediating sites highly contaminated with iron cyanides. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-014-1398-0 SN - 1573-3017 VL - 24 IS - 3 SP - 510 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kappler, Christoph A1 - Kaiser, Knut A1 - Ganzenmüller, Raphael A1 - Küster, Mathias A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Fülling, Alexander A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Raab, Thomas ED - Schwab, Markus J. ED - Theuerkauf, Martin ED - Brauer, Achim ED - Wilmking, Martin ED - Lampe, Reinhard T1 - A review of geochronological data from northeastern Germany: evaluating late Quaternary soil formation and land surface dynamics T2 - 3rd Annual ICLEA Workshop 2014, Dynamics of Climate and Landscape Evolution of Cultural Landscapes in the Northern Central European Lowlands since the Last Ice Age Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2312/GFZ.b103-14028 SP - 43 PB - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences CY - Potsdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Boldt-Burisch, Katja A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Influence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus (AMF) on degradation of iron-cyanide complexes T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015 KW - arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Y1 - 2015 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2015/EGU2015-250.pdf N1 - EGU2015-250 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Repmann, Frank A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Vertical movement of iron-cyanide complexes in soils of a former Manufactured Gas Plant site T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015 Y1 - 2015 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2015/EGU2015-9980.pdf N1 - EGU2015-9980 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Repmann, Frank A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Release of iron-cyanide complexes form contaminated soils - Batch and column experiments on substrates from Manufactured Gas Plant (MGP) site T2 - European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2013, Vienna, Austria, 07 – 12 April 2013 N2 - Soils of former Manufactured Gas Plants (MGPs) are often contaminated with iron-cyanide (Fe-CN) complexes that originate from gas purification process. Cyanide is a potentially toxic substance and its presence in soil and groundwater may cause risk for human health as well as for the environment. MGPs were commonly built on the city suburban areas, which have spread ever since. Nowadays, these sites are typically located in inner cities, causing environmental thread, due to the leaching of pollutants. More recently, columns and batch experiments have been used to study fate and mobility of contaminants is soil. The release of iron-cyanide complexes under unsaturated flow conditions was evaluated with eight columns of 30 cm length and a diameter of 5,4 cm. Cyanide concentrations in the collected leachates were measured with Flow Injection Analysis (FIA). Additionally pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and various ion concentrations were determined. In order to compare the release of Fe-CN complexes in saturated conditions a batch experiment was conducted, where in defined time intervals, 1 ml of the extract water phase was analyzed for CN concentration. Study revealed an analogous trend of cyanide release in both experiments indicating primarily the release of formerly dissolved phase (hexacyanoferrates) followed by continual dissolution of ferric ferrocyanide. We conclude that batch experiments, conducted prior to column analysis, can serve as preliminary prediction of the water soluble cyanide fraction under unsaturated conditions. Y1 - 2013 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2013/EGU2013-1983.pdf N1 - EGU2013-1983 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER -