TY - GEN A1 - Krümmelbein, Julia A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Naeth, M. Anne T1 - A history of lignite coal mining and reclamation practices in Lusatia, eastern Germany T2 - Canadian journal of soil science Y1 - 2012 SN - 1918-1841 VL - 92 IS - 1 SP - 53 EP - 66 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Extending and simplifying the standard Köhn-pipette technique for grain size analysis T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April – 02 May 2014 N2 - Grain size distribution is a fundamental parameter to characterize physical properties of soils and sediments. Manifold approaches exist and according to the DIN ISO 11277 soil texture is analyzed by default with the combined pipette sieving and sedimentation method developed by Köhn.With this standard technique subfractions of sand and silt as well as the total clay content can be determined but the differentiation of clay subfractions is impossible. As the differentiation of the clay subfractions yields relevant information about pedogenesis, we present a protocol basing on standard techniques of granulometry with easy to handle and low cost equipment. The protocol was tested on a set of soil samples to cover the range of grain size distributions. Y1 - 2014 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2014/EGU2014-2555.pdf N1 - EGU2014-2555 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Contradictory indications from terrestrial archives for the asynchronous LGM glaciation in the Central Spanish Pyrenees T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April – 02 May 2014 N2 - Studies from several Mediterranean sites suggest a nonuniform glaciation during the last glacial cycle. For the Pyrenees an asynchronous maximum ice extent compared to the global last glacial maximum (LGM) is controversially discussed. Our study sites are located in the Central Spanish Pyrenees, namely the Aragon and Gallego Valley. Both valleys are type locations for the Pleistocene glaciations and the early maximum ice extent for the Pyrenees was dated amongst other sites in the Gallego Valley to about 36 ka. Due to the potential time span since the earlier deglaciation compared to LGM sites from Central Europe we used a pedological and sedimentological approach to reconstruct the Late Quaternary landscape development. Our results indicate a considerable reshaping of the LGM landscape prior to the onset of the Holocene. The LGM tills are covered by a deposit with high content of fine sand and coarse silt. On the slopes the clasts in these fine-grained sediments are aligned parallel to the slope direction, whereas in the underlaying tills the clasts are aligned rectangular to the slope direction and therefore representing the direction of the Pleistocene glacier movement.We attribute the alignment of the clasts in the sediment covering the tills to solifluction induced by periglacial conditions. The high contents of coarse silt and fine sand are also characteristic for the eolian component in periglacial slope deposits. OSL datings suggest an age of about 14 ka for these sediments. Soil micromorphology shows that the periglacial deposits were not subject to intensive pedogenic processes prior to the sedimentation but that profiles are strongly affected by lessivation after deposition. Soil erosion is only evident during the Holocene and we associate these phases of soil erosion with the human impact. We found no indications for geomorphologic and pedogenic processes between the reported deposition of the LGM till around 36 ka and theperiglacial conditions dated in our study to about 14 ka. Y1 - 2014 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2014/EGU2014-2562.pdf N1 - EGU2014-2562 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schwab, Markus A1 - Brauer, Achim A1 - Blaszkiewicz, Miroslaw A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Wilmking, Martin A1 - Blume, Theresa T1 - The Virtual Institute of Integrated Climate and Landscape Evolution Analyses - ICLEA T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April – 02 May 2014 N2 - The GFZ, Greifswald University and the Brandenburg University of Technology together with their partner the Polish Academy of Sciences strive for focusing their research capacities and expertise in a Helmholtz Virtual Institute for Integrated Climate and Landscape Evolution Analyses (ICLEA). The Coordination Team is based at the GFZ in Potsdam and consists of a permanent scientific manager and administrative personnel. ICLEA offers young researchers an interdisciplinary and structured education and promote their early independence through coaching and mentoring. Postdoctoral rotation positions at the ICLEA partner institutions ensure mobility of young researchers and promote dissemination of information and expertise between disciplines. Training, Research and Analytical workshops between research partners of the ICLEA virtual institute are another important measure to qualify young researchers. Y1 - 2014 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2014/EGU2014-15974.pdf N1 - EGU2014-15974 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Geophysical prospection on Late Quaternary sediments in the Gallego Valley, Central Spanish Pyrenees T2 - Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, Suppl. N2 - This study aims to characterize the Late Quaternary stratigraphy in a type region of Pleistocene glaciation in the Central Spanish Pyrenees by using geophysical prospection techniques to extrapolate stratigraphical field information from soil pits. The main objectives are (i) to identify the thickness of the Quaternary sediments, (ii) to characterize the internal structures and stratifications within the Quaternary deposits and (iii) to test the validity of combined geophysical prospection techniques, including shallow seismic refraction (SSR) and electric resistivity tomography (ERT). We focus on two selected study sites: the Late Pleistocene terminal moraine at Senegüé on the bottom of the Gállego Valley and a Pleistocene non-glaciated slope located nearby. This study proves that information about the depth, structure and distribution of Late Quaternary sediments (glacial, periglacial and fluvial) can be gathered by the combination of geophysical techniques (SSR and ERT). These techniques allow for a reliable, inexpensive and fast extrapolation of stratification information from soil pits and enable Late Quaternary and Eocene sediments to be distinguished. The reconstruction of the sediment genesis is facilitated by the geophysical techniques due to the potential to prospect the internal structures of large areas. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1127/0372-8854/2014/S-00165 SN - 1864-1687 VL - 58 IS - 3 SP - 47 EP - 62 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Knoop, Christine A1 - Dornack, Christina A1 - Dietrich, Nils A1 - Krümmelbein, Julia A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Quality and condition of residues from organic waste fermentation with regard to its usage as soil amendment T2 - Proceedings, Fifth International Symposium on Energy from Biomass and Waste, San Servolo, Venice, Italy, 17-20 November 2014 N2 - The input of biowaste material in biogas plants has increased in the recent years. With that comes a certain amount of residues that can potentially be applied as organic soil amendment in order to recycle nutrients and to maintain and improve soil functions. The aim of this article is to give an impression of preliminary results of our study on characteristics of solid fermentation residues from different German biogas plants using organic waste material as main input substrate. A fundamental analysis shall reveal information such as material composition, nutrient and heavy metal concentration and impurity content. These characteristics are compared to existing data on composts and residues from organic waste treatment and will be evaluated in the context of organic amendment application. Y1 - 2014 UR - http://www.venicesymposium.it/symposium-proceedings.aspx PB - CISA Publisher CY - Padova ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Defining Point Zero of Pedogenesis - What About Pre-Industrial Land Use? T2 - 2014 GSA Annual Meeting in Vancouver, British Columbia (19-22 October 2014) Y1 - 2014 UR - https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2014AM/webprogram/Paper242021.html N1 - Paper No. 6-2 SP - S. 37 PB - Geological Society of America CY - Boulder, Colo. ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas ED - Schwab, Markus J. ED - Theuerkauf, Martin ED - Brauer, Achim ED - Wilmking, Martin ED - Lampe, Reinhard T1 - Extending and simplifying the standard Köhn‐pipette technique for grain size analysis T2 - 3rd Annual ICLEA Workshop 2014, Dynamics of Climate and Landscape Evolution of Cultural Landscapes in the Northern Central European Lowlands since the Last Ice Age Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2312/GFZ.b103-14028 SP - 40 PB - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences CY - Potsdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schwab, Markus J. A1 - Brauer, Achim A1 - Błaszkiewicz, Mirosław A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Wilmking, Martin T1 - Bridging long proxy data time series and instrumental observation in the Virtual Institute of Integrated Climate and Landscape Evolution Analyses - ICLEA T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015 KW - long proxy data time series KW - instrumental observation Y1 - 2015 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2015/EGU2015-4703-2.pdf N1 - EGU2015-4703 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Wechler, Klaus-Peter T1 - Reconstructing spatial and temporal patterns of soil formation in an anthropogenic drift sand area in Northeastern Germany T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015 KW - spatial patterns KW - anthropogenic drift Y1 - 2015 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2015/EGU2015-3937.pdf N1 - EGU2015-3937 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Was ist eigentlich Geopedologie? T2 - Forschung & Lehre : alles was die Wissenschaft bewegt N2 - Die Geopedologie kann den Erd- und Umweltwissenschaften zugerechnet werden. Sie hat ihre Wurzeln in der Geomorphologie und der Bodenkunde. Hinzu kommen Aspekte der Geologie, der Mineralogie und Petrologie. Geforscht wird interdisziplinär. Y1 - 2015 SN - 0945-5604 VL - 22 IS - 8 SP - 646 EP - 647 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Human impact on late Quaternary landscapes in the Central Spanish Pyrenees T2 - AGU Meeting Abstract, 2011 Fall Meeting San Francisco 2011 Y1 - 2011 N1 - EP31D-0842 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hirsch, Florian ED - Wunderlich, J. ED - Houben, P. T1 - Quartäre Sedimente und Bodenbildung in den Aragonesischen Pyrenäen T2 - AK Geomorphologie, Jahrestagung 2010 in Frankfurt am Main/Schmitten Y1 - 2010 SP - S. 38 PB - Goethe Universität, Institut für Physische Geographie CY - Frankfurt am Main ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Stratigraphy and distribution of Late Quaternary sediments in the Aragon- and Gallego Valley (Aragonese Pyrenees, Spain) T2 - Quaternary International N2 - Within the scope of the research project post-LGM pedogenesis and geomorphodynamics in the Aragonese Pyrenees (Spain), funded by the DFG (Az RA 931/3-1), soils and sediments are used to reconstruct the Late Quaternary landscape formation. By employing multiple field and laboratory methods, several sediment facies (glacial, periglacial, fluvial and anthropogenic induced colluvial displacement) can be distinguished. Due to small scale horizontal and vertical distribution of the Quaternary sediments, the genetic differentiation is crucial for the dating of periglacial and glacial phases. The polygenetic sediment sequences indicate periods of post-glacial geomorphodynamic, probably induced by changing climatic or anthropogenic influences. The glacial sediments are preserved as lateral and terminal moraines. Due to the arrangement of the moraines, several Pleistocene glacial advances can be recognized. Cold climate conditions led to the formation of periglacial slope deposits which are classified as lower and upper heads in accordance to findings from Central Europe (Raab & Völkel 2003, Raab et al. 2010). Although lower heads are restricted to the Pleistocene extraglacial landscape, upper heads can be located in the Pleistocene extraglacial and glacial landscape. Upper heads are characterized by a high amount of silt, which is interpreted as the result of an aeolian admixture. The aeolian component is not limited to the upper head but can also be found as loess deposit on glaciofluvial and fluvial terraces. Due to the characteristically low inclination of the terraces the aeolian cover was only sparsely affected by erosion. On the other hand, on steeper slopes, intensive land use results in residual shallow sediment cover above the bedrock in the upper slopes and deep colluvial layers on the foot slopes and valley bottoms. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2012.08.370 N1 - XVIII INQUA Congress, 21st–27th July, 2011, Bern, Switzerland VL - 279-280 SP - S. 202 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas ED - Wunderlich, J. ED - Houben, P. T1 - Sedimentologische Untersuchungen zur quartären Landschaftsgeschichte in den Aragonesischen Pyrenäen T2 - AK Geomorphologie, Jahrestagung 2010 in Frankfurt am Main/Schmitten Y1 - 2010 SP - S. 19 PB - Goethe Universität, Institut für Physische Geographie CY - Frankfurt am Main ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Turu, Valenti A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Pena-Monne, J. L. A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Ros, X. A1 - Marti-Bono, Carlos A1 - Constante-Orrios, A. ED - Turu, Valenti ED - Constante, Ana T1 - Prospeccion geofisica y geomecanica de la ribera de Biescas (pirineos centrales): estructura del relleno sedimentario del fondo del valle y los sedimentos de vertiente T2 - Resums XIII Reunio Nacional de Quaternari, AEQUA, Andorra 2011 Y1 - 2011 SN - 978-99920-1-861-3 SN - 978-99920-1-860-6 SP - 81 EP - 83 PB - Imp. Envalira [u.a.] CY - Andorra la Vella ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas ED - Völkel, Jörg T1 - Post-LGM-zeitliche Pedogenese und Geomorphodynamik in den Spanischen Zentralpyrenäen T2 - Jahrestagung 2012, 10. - 13. Oktober 2012 in München/Campus Weihenstephan, Deutscher Arbeitskreis für Geomorphologie, Tagungsband zur Critical Zone-Forschung Y1 - 2012 SP - S. 26 PB - München CY - Technische Universität ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Reliktische Bodenbildung in den Spanischen Zentralpyrenäen als Hinweis auf spätquartäre Klimawechsel T2 - Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, Berlin, Potsdam Y1 - 2011 PB - Deutsche Bodenkundliche Gesellschaft CY - Göttingen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas ED - Sauer, Daniela ED - Jahn, Reinhold ED - Stahr, Karl T1 - Soil formation on Late Quaternary sediments in the Central Pyrenees (Spain) T2 - Landscapes and soils through time, proceedings, Hohenheim, July 28th – August 01th, 2011 Y1 - 2011 SP - 4 EP - 5 CY - Hohenheim ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Distribution, formation and chronology of Late Quaternary sediments in the Central Spanish Pyrenees T2 - 8th International Conference (IAG) on Geomorphology, IAG, Paris, 27 - 31 August 2013, abstract volume Y1 - 2013 SP - S. 342 PB - International Association of Geomorphologists CY - Paris ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Micromorphology and macrofabrics of Late Quaternary sediments in the Aragonese Pyrenees, Spain T2 - 8th International Conference (IAG) on Geomorphology, IAG, Paris, 27 - 31 August 2013, abstract volume N2 - Within the scope of the research project Post-LGM pedogenesis and geomorphodynamics in the Aragonese Pyrenees we used a combination of field and laboratory methods to differentiate and classify Late Quaternary sediments. Our analyses indicate no post sedimentary erosion of the LGM lateral moraines in the Aragon and Gallego valley. Precipitation of calcium carbonate led to the fixation of the diamictons and thus stabilized the glacial landforms. Clasts in the glacial sediments are orientated parallel to the Pleistocene glacial flow direction and therefore underpin the stability of the glacial deposits during paraglacial times. Grain size analyses and OSL ages indicate the covering of glacial sediments by an eolian deposit before the onset of the Holocene. Y1 - 2013 SP - S. 1018 PB - International Association of Geomorphologists CY - Paris ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dietrich, Nils A1 - Knoop, Christine A1 - Krümmelbein, Julia A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Einfluss der Ausbringung von aufbereiteten Gärrückständen aus der Bioabfallvergärung auf bodenphysikalische Eigenschaften T2 - DBG Jahrestagung 2015, München, 7.-11. September 2015 N2 - In Deutschland fallen jährlich ca. 13 Mio t Bioabfall an. Im Zuge der Novellierung des EEG 2014 erfolgte eine Aufhebung aller Sondervergütungen. Da zukünftig keine erhöhten, einsatzstoffbezogenen Vergütungen (z. B. für Mais, Zuckerrüben und Getreide) mehr vorgesehen sind, wird sich der Ausbau der Biomasse auf den Einsatz von Reststoffen (z. B. Gülle und Abfallstoffe) konzentrieren . Aus diesem Grund ist mit einer verstärkten Zunahme von Gärrückständen aus Bioabfällen zu rechnen. Im Rahmen des vom BMBF geförderten VeNGA-Projektes Grundlagenuntersuchungen zur Verwertung und Nährstoffnutzung der boden- und pflanzenbezogenen Wirkung von Gärrückständen aus der Abfallvergärung, erfolgt die genaue Charakterisierung unterschiedlicher Gärrestprodukte und Aufbereitungsverfahren hinsichtlich ihrer bodenphysikalischen Wirkung und ihrer Effekte auf Wachstum und Entwicklung von landwirtschaftlichen Kulturen. In dem Projekt werden Gärprodukte aus zwei Laboranlagen und einer Technikumsanlage mittels vier Verfahren aufbereitet und in Gefäßversuchen und einem dreijährigen Feldversuch hinsichtlich ihrer langfristigen boden- und pflanzenbezogenen Wirkung untersucht. Die unterschiedliche Aufbereitung der Gärreste erfolgt nach der Kompostierung aus demselben Material, in Form von Rollpellets, Presspellets, zerfasertem Kompost und einer Referenzvariante aus gesiebtem Kompost. Bei den unter kontrollierten Bedingungen im Gewächshaus durchgeführten viermonatigen Gefäßversuchen wurden die Gärprodukte unter Sommerweizen und im Feldversuch unter Hirse, Senf und Grünroggen getestet. Erste Ergebnisse nach dem ersten Versuchsjahr zeigen sowohl für die Gefäßversuche als auch im Freilandversuch einen positiven Effekt für die Rollpellets auf den Biomasseertrag im Vergleich zu den anderen Aufbereitungsvarianten. Aufgrund des gleichen Ausgangsmaterials der verschiedenen Varianten deutet der Mehrertrag bei der Applikation der Rollpellets auf eine positive bodenphysikalische Wirkung und verbesserte Porenverhältnissen, die mit einer Steigerung des Wasserhaltevermögens einhergeht, hin. Des Weiteren besitzen die Rollpellets im Vergleich zu den anderen getesteten Varianten gute Lager-, Transport- und Applikationseigenschaften. Auch konnte in Rhizotronenversuch gezeigt werden, dass die verschieden Gärrestprodukte unterschiedliche Einflüsse auf das Wurzelwachstum von Sommerweizen besitzen. Y1 - 2015 UR - http://www-docs.tu-cottbus.de/geopedologie/public/Venga/Dietrich_2015_DBG.pdf ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Knoop, Christine A1 - Dietrich, Nils A1 - Heinrich, Martina A1 - Krümmelbein, Julia A1 - Dornack, Christina A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Aufbereitung von Bioabfall-Gärresten zur Nutzung als Bodenverbesserer T2 - Tagungsband, 10. Biogastagung - Anaerobe Biologische Abfallbehandlung, 29.-30. Semtember 2015, Dresden N2 - Mit der Implementierung des Kreislaufwirtschaftsgesetzes (KrWG) im Jahr 2012 hat sich die Bundesregierung gesetzlich auf eine getrennte Erfassung von Bioabfällen in privaten Haushalten ab Januar 2015 festgelegt. Bioabfälle werden in Deutschland bereits in über 100 Biogasanlagen eingesetzt und könnten in Zukunft verstärkt als Gärsubstrat genutzt werden. Die nach der Vergärung verbleibenden organischen Rückstände sollen im Sinne der Kreislaufwirtschaft als organischer Bodenverbesserer auf landwirtschaftliche Flächen rückgeführt werden. Im Rahmen des VeNGA-Projektes (Grundlagenuntersuchungen zur Verwertung und Nährstoffnutzung sowie der boden- und pflanzenbezogenen Wirkung von Gärrückständen aus der Abfallvergärung) am Lehrstuhl Geopedologie und Landschaftsentwicklung der Brandenburgischen Technischen Universität Cottbus-Senftenberg (BTU) in Zusammenarbeit mit der Firma Grossmann Ingenieur Consult Dresden (GICON) und dem Institut für Stadtökologische Projekte Berlin (IASP) sollen Aufbereitungsmöglichkeiten für Rückstände aus der Bioabfallvergärung untersucht werden. Im Fokus steht dabei der Einfluss der Substratbehandlung während des Biogas- und Aufbereitungsprozesses auf die Eigenschaften der entstehenden Düngeprodukte. Die Untersuchungen werden sowohl im Labor als auch im Technikum durchgeführt. Die Charakterisierung der festen Gärrückstände aus der Bioabfallvergärung hat gezeigt, dass diese ein ähnliches Nährstoffpotential wie Gründünger oder Frischkompost besitzen. Durch den organischen Abbau während der Vergärung kommt es zur Aufkonzentration von Nährstoffen und Schwermetallen in der festen Phase. Der Stickstoff liegt zu durchschnittlich 25 % in Form von pflanzenverfügbarem Ammoni-um vor. Während der Aufbereitung ist jedoch eine Teiltrocknung der Gärrückstände unumgänglich, was zunächst zum Stickstoffverlust führt. Es ist also von einer geringen Stickstoffverfügbarkeit in den festen Gärprodukten auszugehen. Der Einsatz der aufbereiteten Gärprodukte in Topfexperimenten und im Feldversuch hat gezeigt, dass die Ausbringung in Kombination mit Mineraldüngung zu einem erhöhten Biomasseertrag führt. Dies lässt eine positive Wirkung der Gärprodukte auf die Bodeneigenschaften schlussfolgern. Feste Gärrückstände können bei Erfüllung der Kriterien nach BioAbfV als organischer Bodenverbesserer eingesetzt werden. Eine Aufbereitung ist hierfür in den meisten Fällen notwendig. Dies gilt insbesondere für Substrate, die vor der Vergärung keiner Störstoffabscheidung unterzogen werden. Das zweistufige Fest-Flüssig-Verfahren, welches für die Untersuchungen angewendet wird, hat den Vorteil besonders unanfällig gegenüber Störstoffen zu sein. Der Störstoffgehalt im Gärrückstand ist dadurch vergleichsweise höher als bei anderen Verfahren, was einen größeren Aufbereitungsaufwand nach sich zieht. Y1 - 2015 SP - 177 EP - 186 PB - Forum für Abfallwirtschaft und Altlasten e.V. CY - Pirna ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Wechler, Klaus-Peter T1 - Late Holocene eolian fossilization of Podzols in Northeastern Germany T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria N2 - The North European lowland has been formed by glacial and periglacial processes in the Late Pleistocene. Multiple reshaping since the Late Glacial considerably changed the landscape up to and including especially historic times. Sediment sequences and (fossilized) soils can improve our understanding of Late Quaternary landscape development, but mapping of buried soils and surfaces is often limited to single outcrops. Ongoing archaeological rescue excavations in the pre-field of the open-cast mine Cottbus-Nord (northeastern Germany) with dense excavation trenches in an about 10 ha dune and drift sand area reveal multilayered sediment sequences with fossilized soils and sediments from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene. Archaeological findings ranging from Mesolithic flint stones to an about 200 year old ceramics in eolian sediments covering plow horizons and wheel tracks suggest that eolian relocation of sandy material was intensive about 200 years ago. Still unpublished OSL dating underline the intense eolian activity. Recent studies showed that between the 15Th to the 19Th century an iron smelter 5 km to the west of our study site was supplied with charcoal, which was produced in a forest 5 km east to our study site. Our current findings about Late Holocene eolian activity raise the question if this eolian reshaping of the landscape is connected with the operation of the iron smelter either directly by transport or bog iron ore winning or indirectly by population pressure caused by the prospering iron smelter. Our ongoing research indicates, that already for historic land-use off-site effects causing further landscape changes have to be considered. Y1 - 2016 N1 - EGU2016-5754-1 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Ouimet, William A1 - Dethier, David T1 - Soil stratigraphy of charcoal kiln remains (CKR) in the Litchfield Hills, CT, USA T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria N2 - Charcoal kiln relicts (CKRs) are small anthropogenic landforms that are often found in historic mining areas. CKRs have not been a big research topic yet but mainly were studied as by-products of archaeological excavations. In the last years newly available and very accurate Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) based on high-resolution Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) data have been used to identify these archaeological remains. In addition, findings of several thousands CKRs in the North German Lowland have increased the awareness that historical charcoal production may significantly contribute to Late Holocene landscape change. Besides the archaeological aspect of CKRs, potential impacts of charcoal burning on the ecology of modern soil landscapes and ecosystem processes must be considered. A relatively high density of CKRs is found in the Litchfield Hills nearby the town of West Cornwall, Litchfield County, CT, USA. The CKRs are especially well preserved on slopes of the tributary valleys of the Housatonic River and form little, circular ramparts with diameters normally less than ten meters. First, rough field surveys in Litchfield County in spring 2015 have suggested differences between soils inside and outside the CKR. Soils on the CKR seem to have relatively deep humus-rich and charcoal containing topsoils whereas the topsoils outside the CKR appear typically thinner and less rich in humus. More thorough investigations have been started in autumn 2015 to prove the hypothesis that properties, distribution and development of soils are controlled by archaeological remains of historical charcoal burning. We present preliminary results from our field studies conducted in October 2015. The stratigraphy and the extent of the 26 CKRs were studied using a sedimentological-pedological approach by coring and trenching. Our results indicate that in Litchfield County the CKRs were used twice and in quick succession. Before the second reuse, the rim of the platform was stabilized with boulders. The black topsoils on the CKRs contain residual charcoal and the topsoils are thicker compared to the soil sequences outside of the CKRs. Y1 - 2016 N1 - EGU2016-3477 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Missing evidence for the LGM-asynchronity in the Central Spanish Pyrenees in geomorphological, sedimentological and pedological archives T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria N2 - According to the state of knowledge, the glacial advances in the Eastern Pyrenees were synchronous with the global LGM during the Late Pleistocene (MIS 2), but the glacial advances in the Central Spanish Pyrenees at MIS 3 were asynchron with the global LGM. Whereas in the Eastern Pyrenees the glacial advances are dated in several well agreeing studies by surface exposure dating of boulders from lateral or terminal moraines, the asynchronity of the Central Spanish Pyrenees was postulated mainly by OSL dating on glacial and fluvial sediments and on radiocarbon dating of pollen from lacustrine deposits. The time difference of about 15 ka raises the question if this is a result of (local) climate factors or owed to failures caused by using several dating techniques on different archives. Anyway, if this time lag is correct, post-LGM formation of soils and sediments from the Late Pleistocene should be different between the Eastern Pyrenees and the Central Spanish Pyrenees. We therefore applied a combined approach of geomorphological, sedimentological and pedological investigations to reconstruct the Late Quaternary landscape development in the Aragon- and Gallego Valley of the Central Spanish Pyrenees. Our study reveals that in both valleys the Pre-Holocene geomorphodynamics on the lateglacial deposits show clear analogies with findings from Pleistocene periglacial landscapes in Central Europe. For MIS 4 and early MIS 3 periglacial processes are proven by loess deposition and formation of solifluction sediments. The glacial sediments, which were dated in earlier studies into mid MIS 3 and counted so far as prove for the asynchronous LGM of the Central Spanish Pyrenees, are covered by periglacial deposits of lateglacial age (14 ka to 11 ka). Surprisingly neither the glacial sediments have pedogenic features that indicate lateglacial soil development, nor do the periglacial deposits show indications for lateglacial soil erosion. Therefore we conclude that soil formation began after the sedimentation of the periglacial deposits, either implying a striking timeframe of more than 15 ka with a stable landscape without any pedogenesis, or the untenability of the MIS 3 age of the glacial sediments. Because we can clearly differentiate further phases of geomorphodynamics during the Holocene with truncated soil profiles and the correlate sediments of soil erosion next to undisturbed soils in periglacial sediments with a lateglacial age, we challenge the thesis of an asynchronous LGM in the Central Spanish Pyrenees and advocate a synchronous LGM in the Gallego- and Aragon valley analog to the Eastern Pyrenees. Y1 - 2016 N1 - EGU2016-5788 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Krümmelbein, Julia A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Development of soil physical parameters in agricultural reclamation after brown coal mining within the first four years T2 - Soil and Tillage Research N2 - In Lusatia, Eastern Germany, the largest German brown coal (lignite) mining area is located. We study agricultural reclamation of open cast brown coal mining areas over the reclamation period of seven years which is in Germany by law the fixed time after which the agricultural areas are resold to farmers and agricultural cooperatives. This paper shows the development of selected soil physical parameters within the first three and four years of reclamation in dependence of organic fertilization, soil tillage and crop rotation. The sandy substrate which is used to reconstruct the post mining landscape is of Saaleian origin, free of recent organic matter and characterized by a homogeneous fabric. During excavation, deposition on stockpiles and levelling, the substrate becomes partly severely compacted due to extensive mechanical stresses. The extent of induced stresses depends on the contact area pressure and on the number of wheel passes of the levelling machinery during these processes. In this context we investigated the effect of different organic soil additives in combination with different crop rotations on the development of soil structure. The experimental area was reconstructed in 2006 and 2007. Directly after site construction, undisturbed soil samples were taken to characterize the initial mechanical and hydraulic properties of the substrate. Three and four years later again undisturbed samples on selected sub plots were taken. In 2010 samples from plots where Alfalfa had been cultivated for three years were collected. The Alfalfa plots were wheeled only twice per year, once for fertilization and once to cut and chaff the biomass. In 2011 samples from plots with annual ploughing and seedbed preparation were taken to show the effects of different crops and tillage intensities in combination with varying soil organic fertilizers on soil structure development. Furthermore, we evaluated the persistence of the loosening effect of subsoiling in dependence on the reclamation practice. First results of our on-going experimental study indicate that initial soil physical properties are very variable on the sub plots. After three and four years, no loosening effect of deep loosening was found anymore. The comparison of the minimum tilled plots (Alfalfa) with the plots of medium tillage intensity showed that with decreasing soil tillage intensity the functionality of the pore system (saturated hydraulic conductivity, air permeability) is improved. Y1 - 2012 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167198712001389 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2012.06.013 SN - 0167-1987 VL - 125 SP - 109 EP - 115 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Völkel, Jörg A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Effects of uranium mining on the landscape ecology in Eastern Thuringia – Mining dumps and floodplains as sinks and sources of mining related substances T2 - GeoDarmstadt2010 : Geowissenschaften sichern Zukunft, Frankfurt am Main & Darmstadt, 10. Oktober - 13. Oktober 2010 Y1 - 2010 SN - 978-3-510-49219-0 SP - 573 EP - 574 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften CY - Hannover ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Krümmelbein, Julia A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Soil compaction on an agricultural post-mining recultivation site in Eastern Germany T2 - EGU General Assembly 2010, held in Vienna, Austria, 02 – 07 May 2010 Y1 - 2010 N1 - EGU2010-10290 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Chronology of Late Quaternary sediments in the Aragonese Pyrenees T2 - Quaternary International N2 - The Spanish Pyrenees are a type region for Quaternary glaciations. Although the history of glacial research dates back until the first fieldtrips of Charpentier in 1841 and Penck in 1883, the maximum extent of Pleistocene glaciers and the exact chronology is still discussed. Whereas some authors suggest a last glacial maximum (LGM) synchronous to the European Alps, there are also several authors preferring a much earlier Pyrenean LGM. The differing ages for the LGM research using absolute chronological methods reveal the need for a clear stratigraphical and sedimentological approach prior to chronological sampling on Quaternary sediments. Within the scope of the research project post-LGM pedogenesis and geomorphodynamics in the Aragonese Pyrenees (Spain) funded by the DFG (Az RA 931/3-1) Quaternary sediments are differentiated by a combination of multiple field and laboratory methods. This identification of the sediments, combined with the stratigraphic approach forms the basis for the dating of the sediment facies and therefore the prevailing climate conditions at the time of the sedimentation. The studies are mainly conducted in the Aragon- and Gallego Valley, which are both situated in the Aragonese Pyrenees (Spain). We use optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) to date the uppermost unit of the periglacial slope deposits which typically cover glacial sediments in most parts of the study area. There is clear evidence that the glacial and periglacial sediments are partly eroded due to human impact. First OSL and 14C dating reveal relatively young ages for this phase of soil erosion and redepostion on the slopes (approximately 300 a BP). Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2012.08.371 N1 - XVIII INQUA Congress, 21st–27th July, 2011, Bern, Switzerland VL - 279-280 SP - S. 202 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Schuhart, Stefan T1 - Quaternary deposits and soil formation in the Aragón Pyrenees (Spain) - First results from sedimentological studies T2 - EGU General Assembly 2010, held in Vienna, Austria, 02 – 07 May 2010 Y1 - 2010 N1 - EGU2010-3935 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Knoop, Christine A1 - Dornack, Christina A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Aufbereitung von festen Gärrückständen aus der Bioabfallvergärung zu Bodenhilfsstoffen T2 - Tagungsband, 6. Wissenschaftskongress Abfall- und Ressourcenwirtschaft, am 10. und 11. März 2016 in Berlin N2 - Mit der Novellierung des Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetzes (EEG) im Jahr 2014 und der flächendeckenden Einführung der getrennten Erfassung der Bioabfälle seit 2015 (Kreislaufwirtschaftsgesetz 2012) wurden deutliche Anreize für die Verwendung von organischen Reststoffen zur Biogaserzeugung gesetzt. Ein verstärkter Einsatz von Bioabfällen als Gärsubstrat ist zu erwarten. Die festen Gärrückstände sollen im Sinne der Kreislaufwirtschaft als organischer Bodenverbesserer auf landwirtschaftliche Flächen rückgeführt werden. Die vorgestellte Forschungsarbeit dient der Untersuchung von Aufbereitungsmöglichkeiten der festen Gärrückstände aus der Bioabfallvergärung und soll insbesondere die Zusammenhänge zwischen Vergärung, Aufbereitung und anschließender Bodenwirkung klarstellen. KW - Gärrestaufbereitung KW - Anaerobe Bioabfallbehandlung Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-00-052365-6 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Abfallwirtschaft e.V. CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Knoop, Christine A1 - Dietrich, Nils A1 - Heinrich, Martina A1 - Dornack, Christina A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Conditioning of residues from anaerobic digestion of municipal organic waste with regard to its use as soil amendment T2 - 24th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, Amsterdam, 6-9 June 2016, Book of abstracts N2 - The structural degradation of agricultural soils is an increasing problem of our times caused by intense land use. The treatment of soils with organic amendments shall maintain and improve long-term soil fertility. Solid residues from anaerobic digestion of municipal organic waste are rich in nutrients and organic matter and have a promising potential to be used as soil amendment. Less is known about characteristics of solid residues from organic waste digestion as composting of organic waste materials is still common. Before digestion residues can be applied to soils they need to be conditioned as they have a high impurity content (especially plastic bags and packaging materials) and need to meet the requirements of German regulation on biowaste (Bioabfallverordnung). Our research is investigating on conditioning methods for solid residues of municipal organic waste digestion with regard to the potential effect of products on soil structure, soil water regime and nutrient supply. Investigations have been made with different digestion residues from lab scale, semi-industrial and industrial scale biogas plants. Conditioning methods have been tested using our in-lab treatment facilities consisting of a drying, composting, sieving and pelletizing unit. Preliminary results show that drying and pelletizing measures influence hydrophobicity of digestion residues. As water repellency directly affects water flow and soil moisture this is a determining parameter regarding the amendment performance of conditioned products. Y1 - 2016 SP - S. 37 CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dietrich, Nils A1 - Knoop, Christine A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Krümmelbein, Julia T1 - Influence of soil amendments made from digestate on soil physics and the growth of spring wheat T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria, 17 April – 22 May 2016 N2 - Every year 13 million tons of organic wastes accumulate in Germany. These wastes are a potential alternative for the production of energy in biogas plants, especially because the financial subventions for the cultivation of renewable resources for energy production were omitted in 2014. The production of energy from biomass and organic wastes in biogas plants results in the accumulation of digestate and therefore causes the need for a sustainable strategy of the utilization of these residues. Within the scope of the BMBF-funded project ‘VeNGA - Investigations for recovery and nutrient use as well as soil and plant-related effects of digestate from waste fermentation’ the application of processed digestate as soil amendments is examined. Therefore we tested four different mechanical treatment processes (rolled pellets, pressed pellets, shredded compost and sieved compost) to produce soil amendments from digestate with regard to their impact on soil physics, soil chemistry and the interactions between plants and soil. Pot experiments with soil amendments were performed in the greenhouse experiment with spring wheat and in field trials with millet, mustard and forage rye. After the first year of the experiment, preliminary results indicate a positive effect of the sieved compost and the rolled pellets on biomass yield of spring wheat as compared to the other variations. First results from the Investigation on soil physics show that rolled pellets have a positive effect on the soil properties by influencing size and distribution of pores resulting in an increased water holding capacity. Further ongoing enhancements of the physical and chemical properties of the soil amendments indicate promising results regarding the ecological effects by increased root growth of spring wheat. Y1 - 2016 N1 - EGU2016-13395-1 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Knoop, Christine A1 - Dietrich, Nils A1 - Heinrich, Martina A1 - Dornack, Christina A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Conditioning of solid residues from anaerobic digestion of municipal organic waste with regard to its use as soil amendment T2 - Venice 2016, 6th International Symposium on Energy from Biomass and Waste 2016, Venice, Italy, 14-17 November 2016 N2 - To prevent structural degradation of agricultural soils and to maintain and improve long-term soil fertility the application of organic soil amendments is a common measure. Solid residues from anaerobic digestion of organic household waste are rich in nutrients and organic matter and have a promising potential to be used as soil amendment. However, less is known about characteristics of solid residues from organic household waste digestion and the effects of conditioning measures on substrate quality and amendment performance in soil. Before digestion residues can be applied to agricultural soils in Germany, they need to meet the requirements of Biowaste Ordinance (BioAbfV). Conditioning mainly focuses on reducing impurity content (especially plastic bags and packaging materials), securing hygiene of residues, reducing water content and developing tradable products. We studied the effect of drying, composting, sieving and pelletisation on final product characteristics. Investigations have been examined with solid digestates, composted digestates and pelletized digestates originating from the same organic waste input. Samples were retrieved from a semi-industrial biogas plant of the company GICON (Gemany) and a composting plant of the company Becker Umweltdienste (Germany). Investigations show that characteristics of organic household waste undergo a clear change during anaerobic digestion and subsequent composting of the digestate. The final composted product will mainly contribute to long-term development of soil fertiliy. The improvement of waste quality is the most important measure to ensure the provision of high-quality soil amendments. Investigations on the impact of digestate products on soil-water-regime however did not show a clear advantage of pelletized products over loose material. KW - anaerobic digestion KW - organic household waste KW - digestate treatment KW - pellets KW - soil amendment Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-88-6265-007-6 PB - CISA Publisher CY - Padova ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kappler, Christoph A1 - Kaiser, Knut A1 - Küster, Mathias A1 - Fülling, Alexander A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Evaluating the timing of late Quaternary geomorphodynamics and soil formation: a review of geochronological data from northeastern Germany T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria, 17 April – 22 May 2016 Y1 - 2016 N1 - EGU2016-1129 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schwab, Markus A1 - Brauer, Achim A1 - Błaszkiewicz, Mirosław A1 - Blume, Theresa A1 - Itzerott, Sibylle A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Wilmking, Martin T1 - ICLEA - The Virtual Institute of Integrated Climate and Landscape Evolution Analyses T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria, 17 April – 22 May 2016 Y1 - 2016 N1 - EGU2016-4926 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Bauriegel, Albrecht A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Occurrence, micromorphology, and soil chemistry of Fuchserden (Rhodic Arenosols) on sandy deposits in northeastern Germany T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria N2 - In the sandy deposits from the Late Pleistocene in the Northern European lowlands, the local appearance of red subsoils emerges the question of their formation and palaeoenvironmental significance. According to the WRB this soil is classified as Rhodic Arenosols, but in the German Guidelines for Soil Mapping this soil is still unconsidered because the age and genesis is unclear. Due to the intense red subsoil, the working title of this soil is ‘Fuchserde’. Whereas rubefication is a characteristic feature of soils in regions with warm and dry summers like in the Mediterranean, the occurrence of red subsoil horizons containing hematite in soils in northeastern Germany is not an indicator for tropic or Mediterranean climate conditions. Already the appearance of Fuchserden on sandy deposits from the last glaciation objects earlier theories that consider these soils as a relictic soil formation from the last interglacial or even the Palaeogene or Neogene. To characterize the genesis of the Fuchserden, we focused on four different study sites in northeastern Germany. We present our findings from soil micromorphology and the identification of the iron(hydr)oxides by FTIR. Our results give new insights on the development of the Fuchserden and the importance of lateral input of iron for their genesis. Y1 - 2017 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2017/EGU2017-4000-1.pdf N1 - EGU2017-4000-1 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schwab, Markus A1 - Brauer, Achim A1 - Błaszkiewicz, Mirosław A1 - Blume, Theresa A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Wilmking, Martin T1 - ICLEA - The Virtual Institute of Integrated Climate and Landscape Evolution Analyses T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria N2 - Since 2012, the partner of the virtual institute ICLEA from Germany and Poland view on past changes as natural experiments as a guidebook for better anticipation of future changes and their impacts. Since the natural evolution became increasingly superimposed by human impacts since the Neolithic we include an in-depth discussion of impacts of climate and environment change on societies and vice versa. Understanding causes and effects of present-day climate change on landscapes and the human habitat faces two main challenges, (I) too short time series of instrumental observation that do not cover the full range of variability since mechanisms of climate change and landscape evolution work on different time scales, which often not susceptible to human perception, and, (II) distinct regional differences due to the location with respect to oceanic/continental climatic influences, the geological underground, and the history and intensity of anthropogenic land-use. Both challenges are central for the ICLEA research strategy and demand a high degree of interdisciplinary. In particular, the need to link observations and measurements of ongoing changes with information from the past taken from natural archives requires joint work of scientists with very different time perspectives. On the one hand, scientists that work at geological time scales of thousands and more years and, on the other hand, those observing and investigating recent processes at short time scales. Five complementary work packages (WP) are established according to the key research aspects: WP 1 focused on monitoring mainly hydrology and soil moisture as well as meteorological parameters. WP 2 is linking present day and future monitoring data with the most recent past through analyzing satellite images. This WP will further provide larger spatial scales. WP 3-5 are focused on different natural archives to obtain a broad variety of high quality proxy data. Tree rings provide sub-seasonal data for the last centuries up to few millennia, varved lake sediments cover the entire research time interval at seasonal to decadal resolution and palaeosoils and geomorphological features also cover the entire period but not continuously and with lower resolution. Complementary information, like climate, tree ecophysiological and limnological data etc., are provided by cooperation with associated partners. In these five WP the partner focusing their research capacities and expertise in ICLEA. We offers young researchers an interdisciplinary and structured education and promote their early independence through coaching and mentoring. Postdoctoral rotation positions promote dissemination of information and expertise between disciplines. ICLEA results are published in about 80 peer reviewed scientific articles and available for the scientific community. The long-term mission of the Virtual Institute is to provide a substantiated data basis for sustained environmental maintenance based on a profound process understanding at all relevant time scales. Aim is to explore processes of climate and landscape evolution in an historical cultural landscape extending from northeastern Germany into northwestern Poland. The northern-central European lowlands is facilitated as a natural laboratory providing an ideal case for utilizing a systematic and holistic approach. Further information about ICLEA: www.iclea.de Y1 - 2017 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2017/EGU2017-16771.pdf N1 - EGU2017-16771 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Feasibility of diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier spectroscopy (DRIFTS) to quantify iron-cyanide (Fe-CN) complexes in soil T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria N2 - Contaminated sites create a significant risk to human health, by poisoning drinking water, soil, air and as a consequence food. Continuous release of persistent iron-cyanide (Fe-CN) complexes from various industrial sources poses a high hazard to the environment and indicates the necessity to analyze considerable amount of samples. At the present time quantitative determination of Fe-CN concentration in soil usually requires a time consuming two step process: digestion of the sample (e.g., micro distillation system) and its analytical detection performed, e.g., by automated spectrophotometrical flow injection analysis (FIA). In order to determine the feasibility of diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier spectroscopy (DRIFTS) to quantify the Fe-CN complexes in soil matrix, 42 soil samples were collected (8 to 12.520 mg kg-1CN) indicating single symmetrical CN band in the range 2092 - 2084 cm-1. Partial least squares (PLS) calibration-validation model revealed IR response to CNtot exceeding 1268 mg kg-1 (limit of detection, LOD). Subsequently, leave-one-out cross-validation (LOO-CV) was performed on soil samples containing low CNtot (<900 mg kg-1), which improved the sensitivity of the model by reducing the LOD to 154 mg kg-1. Finally, the LOO-CV conducted on the samples with CNtot >900 mg kg-1 resulted in LOD equal to 3494 mg kg-1. Our results indicate that spectroscopic data in combination with PLS statistics can efficiently be used to predict Fe-CN concentrations in soil. We conclude that the protocol applied in this study can strongly reduce the time and costs essential for the spatial and vertical screening of the site affected by complexed Fe-CN. Y1 - 2017 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2017/EGU2017-6995.pdf N1 - EGU2017-6995 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dietrich, Nils A1 - Knoop, Christine A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Effect of differently pelletized digestate on the plant growth of spring wheat T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria N2 - In Germany, biowaste is used in more than 100 biogas plants and has increasing potential as a fermentation substrate. To optimise waste cycle management organic digestates should be redistributed and innovative products for soil amendment of agricultural areas could be developed. The BMBF-funded VeNGA project seeks to find answers on how to improve the properties of soil amendments produced from fermentation residues. Here, we report findings from our study that focuses on plant growth and soil development. Within a three-month rhizotron experiment, the influence of differently prepared fermentation residues on the root development of summer wheat was investigated. The four variants of the prepared digestate (rolled pellet, pressed pellet, shredded, loose) were tested under constant conditions in the greenhouse on two soils with different textures (sandy and loamy-sand). All fermentation residues originated from the same batch and were composted before the preparation to ensure adequate hygienisation. Depending on preparation type and soil substrate significant differences in root growth and root development have been observed. Plant growth was most intense in the rhizotron experiment with the loose digestate, indicating high nutrient availability due to the large surface area of the organic matter. Plant growth in the substrate with the rolled and pressed pellets was less pronounced, indicating a more persistent stability of the pellets. In rhizotrons applied with rolled and pressed pellets root growth into the mineral fabric was significantly lower in sandy substrate than in the loamy-sand. However, in the sandy substrate root growth within the rolled pellets was more intense than in the substrate with the pressed pellets. Obviously, the different production techniques of the pellets seem to have an influence on the rooting of the pellets and facilitate the long term stability of soil organic carbon. Furthermore, the comparison of the two different textures indicate, that sandy substrates benefit more from the positive effects of soil amendments on increased water retention than loamy substrates. Y1 - 2017 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2017/EGU2017-6421.pdf N1 - EGU2017-6421 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Dietrich, Nils A1 - Knoop, Christine A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Micromorphology of pelletized soil conditioners T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria N2 - Soil conditioners produced by anaerobic digestion and subsequent composting of organic household waste, bear the potential to improve unproductive farmland together with a reduced input risk of unwanted pollutants into the soils. Within the VeNGA project (http://www.biogas-network.de/venga), soil conditioners from anaerobically digested organic household waste are tested for their potential to increase plant growth in glasshouse and field experiments. Because the production techniques of these soil conditioners may influence their physical and chemical behaviour in the soil, two different techniques for pelletizing the soil conditioners where applied. We present findings from a pot experiment with cereal that has been sampled after two months for micromorphological analyses.We visualize the decomposition and the physical behaviour of the soil conditioners. Pellets produced in an agglomeration mixer result in dense balls, that are only slightly decomposed after the trial. But the soil conditioners created under pressure in a screw extruder are rich in voids and have the potential of retaining more soil water. Y1 - 2017 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2017/EGU2017-3996.pdf N1 - EGU2017-3996 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - The Finow soil – a stratigraphic marker or just a pedologic horizon? T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria N2 - Palaeosoils indicate periods of landscape stability, and therefore warmer periods during the cold climate conditions of the Late Pleistocene, when pedogenic processes can shape the surface. Therefore, in Late Pleistocene glacial and periglacial deposits, palaeosoils are widely used as chronostratigraphic markers. However, in contrast to limnic archives the records in terrestrial sediments are often discontinuous or ambiguous. The so called Finow soil is commonly found as 5 to 15 cm thick and fossilized horizon, characterized by brunification and the illuviation of clay in the sandy deposits of Northern Central Europe. We present a micromorpological approach together with OSL ages, that contradicts the stratigraphic potential of the Finow soil and also questions the suitability of soil horizons formed by clay illuviation as stratigraphic markers. Y1 - 2017 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2017/EGU2017-3997.pdf N1 - EGU2017-3997 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Quick detection and quantification of iron-cyanide complexes using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy T2 - Environmental Pollution N2 - The continuous release of persistent iron-cyanide (Fe-CN) complexes from various industrial sources poses a high hazard to the environment and indicates the necessity to analyze a considerable amount of samples. Conventional flow injection analysis (FIA) is a time and cost consuming method for cyanide (CN) determination. Thus, a rapid and economic alternative needs to be developed to quantify the Fe-CN complexes. 52 soil samples were collected at a former Manufactured Gas Plant (MGP) site in order to determine the feasibility of diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier spectroscopy (DRIFTS). Soil analysis revealed CN concentrations in a range from 8 to 14.809 mg kg⁻¹, where 97% was in the solid form (Fe₄[Fe(CN)₆]₃), which is characterized by a single symmetrical CN band in the range 2092-2084 cm-1. The partial least squares (PLS) calibration-validation model revealed IR response to CNtot which exceeds 2306 mg kg⁻¹(limit of detection, LOD). Leave-one-out cross-validation (LOO-CV) was performed on soil samples, which contained low CNtot (<900 mg kg⁻¹). This improved the sensitivity of the model by reducing the LOD to 154 mg kg⁻¹. Finally, the LOO-CV conducted on the samples with CNtot > 900 mg kg⁻¹ resulted in LOD equal to 3751 mg kg⁻¹. It was found that FTIR spectroscopy provides the information concerning different CN species in the soil samples. Additionally, it is suitable for quantifying Fe-CN species in matrixes with CNtot > 154 mg kg⁻¹. Thus, FTIR spectroscopy, in combination with the statistical approach applied here seems to be a feasible and quick method for screening of contaminated sites. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.052 SN - 0269-7491 VL - 227 SP - 64 EP - 72 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Knoop, Christine A1 - Dornack, Christina A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Nutrient and heavy metal accumulation in municipal organic waste from separate collection during anaerobic digestion in a two-stage laboratory biogas plant T2 - Bioresource Technology Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.026 SN - 1873-2976 VL - 239 SP - 437 EP - 446 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Boldt-Burisch, Katja A1 - Pohle, Ina A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Advancing performance of green technologies for remediation and reclamation of degraded urban soils Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-944863-18-4 SN - 978-3-944863-19-1 PB - United Nations University, Institute for Integrated Management of Material Fluxes and of Resources CY - Dresden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Knoop, Christine A1 - Dornack, Christina A1 - Raab, Thomas ED - Bockreis, Anke T1 - Trocknen oder Kompostieren? Auswirkung auf die Düngeeigenschaften von Gärresten aus der Bioabfallvergärung T2 - Tagungsband 7. Wissenschaftskongress Abfall- und Ressourcenwirtschaft am 16. und 17. März 2017 an der RWTH Aachen N2 - Mit der Einführung der flächendeckenden Getrenntsammlung von Bioabfällen und im Zuge der Förderpolitikentwicklung unter dem EEG wird ein verstärkter Einsatz von Bioabfällen in Biogasanlagen erwartet. Die Gärreste sollen im Sinne der Kreislaufwirtschaft als organischer Bodenverbesserer eingesetzt werden. Neben inhaltlichen Anforderungen schreibt die BioAbfV eine Hygienisierung der Gärreste vor. Dies kann im Anschluss an die Vergärung durch Trocknung oder Kompostierung realisiert werden. Die vorgestellte Forschungsarbeit befasst sich mit Frage wie sich das gewählte Hygienisierungsverfahren auf die Düngeeigenschaften der Gärreste auswirkt. Für die Untersuchung wurden 3 Gärrestchargen aus einer 2-stufigen Biogasanlage (GICON-Biogastechnikum Cottbus) getrocknet (BTU Labor) und kompostiert (Kompostwerk Becker Umweltdienste). Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die getrockneten Gärreste einen höheren Anteil an sehr schnell verfügbaren, eluierbaren Nährstoffen und Schwermetallen aufweisen. Der Nmin-Gehalt des getrockneten Gärrestes ist ebenfalls höher. Durch die Kompostierung kommt es zur Aufkonzentration von Elementen im Gärrest. Diese weisen aber eine geringere Eluierbarkeit auf. Der Anteil an pflanzenverfügbarem P ist im kompostierten Gärrest höher. Auf die Verfügbarkeit von K hat das Aufbereitungsverfahren keinen signifikanten Einfluss. Beide Aufbereitungsverfahren bieten Vor- und Nachteile im Hinblick auf die potentielle Wirkung des Gärrestes auf Boden- und Pflanzenentwicklung. Eine eindeutige Empfehlung für ein Aufbereitungsverfahren kann daher nicht gegeben werden. Y1 - 2017 SN - 978-3-903122-78-9 SP - 131 EP - 135 PB - Innsbruck University Press CY - Innsbruck ET - 1. Auflage ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Heller, Sebastian A1 - Bauriegel, Albrecht T1 - Classification of pedogenic cementation in Podzols by pocket penetrometry T2 - Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science N2 - According to the German Soil Taxonomy, the formation of cemented horizons in Podzols is restricted to the precipitation of iron oxides. However, in iron-poor sandy substrates, also illuviation of only organic compounds can form cemented horizons with penetration resistances of up to 14 kg cm−2. We present a reproducible field test for classifying pedogenic cementation in Podzols and suggest considering cemented horizons (Bmh and Bhm) in the upcoming edition of the Guidelines for Soil Mapping. KW - field techniques KW - micromorphology KW - soil classification KW - soil development KW - soil systematics Y1 - 2017 UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jpln.201600395/abstract U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.201600395 SN - 1522-2624 VL - 180 IS - 4 SP - 430 EP - 435 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Bauriegel, Albrecht A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Fuchserden in Brandenburg – Vorkommen, Mikromorphologie und Bodenchemie T2 - Abstracts der Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, Göttingen, 2017 Y1 - 2017 UR - http://dbg17.abstract-dialog.de/search/abstract_detail.php?aId=360 PB - DBG CY - Göttingen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Der Finowboden – ein lokaler Paläoboden? T2 - Abstracts der Jahrestagung de Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, Göttingen, 2017 Y1 - 2017 UR - http://dbg17.abstract-dialog.de/search/abstract_detail.php?aId=360 PB - DBG CY - Göttingen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Knoop, Christine A1 - Dietrich, Nils A1 - Heinrich, Martina A1 - Dornack, Christina A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Degradation of soil amendments produced from municipal organic waste digestate during a two-year field study T2 - 25th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, Stockholm, 2017 N2 - The structural degradation of agricultural soils is an increasing problem of our times caused by intense land use. The treatment of soils with organic amendments shall maintain and improve long-term soil fertility. Solid residues from anaerobic digestion of municipal organic waste (MOW) are rich in nutrients and organic matter and have a promising potential to be used as soil amendment. Our research investigates the characteristics of differently treated amendments produced from MOW digestate. We want to know how long these amendments are present in the soil and which amendment type contributes most to nutrient provision after application. Results were obtained using four different MOW digestate amendments of one origin (loose, pelletized and agglomerated) during a 24-hours shaker-experiment and a bag-experiment on grassland, which was subsequently sampled over 21 months. Results show that short-term element leaching is higher from loose amendment and small agglomerates, probably caused by higher surface area und lower stability of these amendments. Biggest degradation effects can be seen 7 months after application to soil. However, all four amendments are still present after 21 months. Pelletized amendments are more degradation resistant than loose amendment, which may be advantageous regarding long-term effects e.g. on water holding capacity. In turn, loose material delivers a higher share of small organic particles to soil and may therefore have a higher contribution to humus development. Y1 - 2017 SN - 978-88-89407-17-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5071/25thEUBCE2017-4AV.2.14 SP - 1720 EP - 1723 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Knoop, Christine A1 - Dornack, Christina A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Effect of drying, composting and subsequent impurity removal by sieving on the properties of digestates from municipal organic waste T2 - Waste Management N2 - The application of organic soil amendments is a common measure to prevent structural degradation of agricultural soils and to maintain and improve long-term soil fertility. Solid residues from anaerobic digestion of municipal organic waste (MOW) are rich in nutrients and organic matter and have a promising potential to be used as soil amendment. However, no study has related amendment properties of MOW digestate of one origin to different treatment procedures. We therefore investigated the impact of drying, composting and sieving on final digestate properties and specifically nutrient availability and heavy metal and carbon elution. Samples were provided by a semi-industrial two-stage biogas plant with dry fermentation of MOW. Results confirm that in comparison to drying, composting of MOW digestates leads to a significant increase of K, P, Mg, Ca, Cd and Cr in the digestates. Sieving of composted digestates showed that heavy metals are not evenly distributed and that heavy metal concentration in the digestate increases with decreasing mesh sizes (highest concentrations in the fractions <1 mm). Although the element concentration is higher in composted batches, the water-extractability of nutrients, heavy metals and carbon is significantly lower from composted over dried digestates. A significant correlation was found between the dissolution of Zn, Ni, Ca and Mg and pH of eluate as well as dissolved organic carbon (DOC) release (R > 0.7, p < 0.05). Results confirm that the extent of carbon elution depends on the degradation rate of digestates. DOC may therefore be a good measure to evaluate digestate stability and to decide on treatment measures. KW - Municipal organic waste KW - Anaerobic digestion KW - Digestate treatment KW - Nutrient and heavy metal elution KW - Dissolved organic carbon KW - Digestate properties Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2017.11.022 SN - 1879-2456 VL - 72 SP - 168 EP - 177 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Knoop, Christine A1 - Tietze, Michael A1 - Dornack, Christina A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Fate of nutrients and heavy metals during two-stage digestion and aerobic post-treatment of municipal organic waste T2 - Bioresource Technology N2 - The biogas technology is a promising approach for the recovery of energy and fertilizer from municipal organic waste (MOW). However, only scarce information on the development of initial nutrient and heavy metal loads during processing is available. Therefore, this study investigates properties of source-separated MOW during treatment in a semi-industrial scale two-stage biogas plant and subsequent digestate composting including impurities removal. Data from 15 batch experiments was investigated by material and substance flow analysis. Results of this study have shown that about 40% of nutrients contained in the MOW inflow are mineralized during anaerobic and subsequent aerobic treatment. A higher nutrient release was observed during the anaerobic treatment step. Additionally, impurities removal causes a significant reduction of final nutrient content. Heavy metal analysis confirmed a high heterogeneity of contamination levels. However, digestion and composting do not seem to significantly impact on total heavy metal loads in the substrate flow. KW - MOW KW - Digestate treatment KW - Composting KW - Substance flow analysis KW - Nutrient transfer KW - Heavy metals Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.12.019 SN - 1873-2976 VL - 251 SP - 238 EP - 248 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Howard, Andy A1 - Knight, David A1 - Gearey, Ben A1 - Kluiving, Sjoerd A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - The Impacts of Climate and Environmental Change on the Historic Environment T2 - The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/17567505.2017.1325158 SN - 1756-7513 SN - 1756-7505 VL - 8 IS - 2 SP - 87 EP - 88 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Distel, Henrik A1 - Naeth, M. Anne A1 - Bonhage, Alexander T1 - Modelling Late Quaternary Soil Development Considering Slope Aspects in the Rumsey Area (Alberta, Canada) T2 - Soil Science Society of America, International Soils Meeting, Soils Across Latitudes, San Diego 2019 Y1 - 2019 UR - https://scisoc.confex.com/scisoc/2019sssa/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/114849 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hirsch, Florian T1 - Towards an International Genetic Classification of Pleistocene Periglacial Slope Deposits (PPSDs) T2 - Soil Science Society of America, International Soils Meeting, Soils Across Latitudes, San Diego 2019 Y1 - 2019 UR - https://scisoc.confex.com/scisoc/2019sssa/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/114846 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Zur Bedeutung der historischen Montanwirtschaft für die Landschaftsentwicklung und Geoökologie des Vilstals in der Oberpfalz T2 - Beiträge zur Archäologie in der Oberpfalz und in Regensburg Y1 - 2018 SN - 1617-4461 VL - 12 IS - 59 SP - 319 EP - 336 ER -