TY - GEN A1 - Feldmann, Anja A1 - Gasser, Oliver A1 - Lichtblau, Franziska A1 - Pujol, Enric A1 - Poese, Ingmar A1 - Dietzel, Christoph A1 - Wagner, Daniel A1 - Wichtlhuber, Matthias A1 - Tapiador, Juan A1 - Vallina-Rodriguez, Narseo A1 - Hohlfeld, Oliver A1 - Smaragdakis, Georgios T1 - The Lockdown Effect: Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Internet Traffic T2 - ACM Internet Measurement Conference 2020, Proceedings of the 2020 Internet Measurement Conference (IMC '20) N2 - Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many governments imposed lock downs that forced hundreds of millions of citizens to stay at home. The implementation of confinement measures increased Internet traffic demands of residential users, in particular, for remote working, entertainment, commerce, and education, which, as a result, caused traffic shifts in the Internet core. In this paper, using data from a diverse set of vantage points (one ISP, three IXPs, and one metropolitan educational network), we examine the effect of these lockdowns on traffic shifts. We find that the traffic volume increased by 15-20% almost within a week--while overall still modest, this constitutes a large increase within this short time period. However, despite this surge, we observe that the Internet infrastructure is able to handle the new volume, as most traffic shifts occur outside of traditional peak hours. When looking directly at the traffic sources, it turns out that, while hypergiants still contribute a significant fraction of traffic, we see (1) a higher increase in traffic of non-hypergiants, and (2) traffic increases in applications that people use when at home, such as Web conferencing, VPN, and gaming. While many networks see increased traffic demands, in particular, those providing services to residential users, academic networks experience major overall decreases. Yet, in these networks, we can observe substantial increases when considering applications associated to remote working and lecturing. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1145/3419394.3423658 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Feldmann, Anja A1 - Gasser, Oliver A1 - Lichtblau, Franziska A1 - Pujol, Enric A1 - Poese, Ingmar A1 - Dietzel, Christoph A1 - Wagner, Daniel A1 - Wichtlhuber, Matthias A1 - Tapiador, Juan A1 - Vallina-Rodriguez, Narseo A1 - Hohlfeld, Oliver A1 - Smaragdakis, Georgios T1 - Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Internet Traffic T2 - ITG-Fb. 295: Breitbandversorgung in Deutschland : Beiträge der 15. ITG-Fachkonferenz, 2. – 3. März 2021, Online-Veranstaltung N2 - In this paper, we report on a measurement study by researchers from several institutions that collected and analyzed network data to assess the impact of the first wave of COVID-19 (February-June 2020) on the Internet traffic. The datasets from Internet Service Providers, Internet Exchange Points, and academic networks, primarily in Europe, provide a unique view on the changes of Internet traffic due to pandemic and the lockdown that forced hundreds of millions of citizens to stay and work from home. The analysis shows that the increase of Internet traffic was about 15-20 % within a couple of weeks, an increase that is typically spread over multiple months under typical operation. However, traffic during peak hours does not increase by more than 5 %. The increase was noticeably higher for specific applications, e.g., remote work applications, teleconferencing, video on demand; in some cases up to 200 %. However, overall, the Internet reacted well to these unprecedented times. Y1 - 2021 UR - https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9399711 SN - 978-3-8007-5474-8 N1 - Beiträge auf CD-ROM PB - VDE ER - TY - GEN A1 - Feldmann, Anja A1 - Gasser, Oliver A1 - Lichtblau, Franziska A1 - Pujol, Enric A1 - Poese, Ingmar A1 - Dietzel, Christoph A1 - Wagner, Daniel A1 - Wichtlhuber, Matthias A1 - Tapiador, Juan A1 - Vallina-Rodriguez, Narseo A1 - Hohlfeld, Oliver A1 - Smaragdakis, Georgios T1 - A Year in Lockdown: How the Waves of COVID-19 Impact Internet Traffic T2 - Communications of the ACM Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1145/3465212 SN - 1557-7317 VL - 64 IS - 7 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hohlfeld, Oliver A1 - Krude, Johannes A1 - Reelfs, Jens Helge A1 - Rüth, Jan A1 - Wehrle, Klaus T1 - Demystifying the Performance of XDP BPF T2 - IEEE Conference on Network Softwarization, 24-28 June 2019, Paris, France N2 - High packet rates at ≥ 10 GBit/s challenge the packet processing performance of network stacks. A common solution is to offload (parts of) the user-space packet processing to other execution environments, e.g., into the device driver (kernel-space), the NIC or even from virtual machines into the host operating system (OS), or any combination of those. While common wisdom states that offloading optimizes performance, neither benefits nor negative effects are comprehensively studied. In this paper, we aim to shed light on the benefits and shortcomings of eBPF/XDP-based offloading from the user-space to i) the kernel-space or ii) a smart NIC-including VM virtualization. We show that offloading can indeed optimize packet processing, but only if the task is small and optimized for the target environment. Otherwise, offloading can even lead to detrimental performance. Y1 - 2019 UR - https://netsoft2019.ieee-netsoft.org/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/NETSOFT.2019.8806651 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Rüth, Jan A1 - Kunze, Ike A1 - Hohlfeld, Oliver T1 - TCP's Initial Window - Deployment in the Wild and its Impact on Performance T2 - IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management Y1 - 2019 UR - https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8629948 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/TNSM.2019.2896335 SN - 1932-4537 SN - 2373-7379 VL - 16 IS - 2 SP - 389 EP - 402 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Rüth, Jan A1 - Zimmermann, Torsten A1 - Hohlfeld, Oliver T1 - Hidden Treasures - Recycling Large-Scale Internet Measurements to Study the Internet's Control Plane T2 - Passive Active Measurement Conference (PAM 2019), 27-29 March 2019, Puerto Varas, Chile Y1 - 2019 UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.07265 SN - 978-3-030-15985-6 SN - 978-3-030-15986-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15986-3_4 SP - 67 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - GEN A1 - Pennekamp, Jan A1 - Henze, Martin A1 - Hohlfeld, Oliver A1 - Panchenko, Andriy T1 - Hi Doppelgänger: Towards Detecting Manipulation in News Comments T2 - Companion Proceedings of the 2019 World Wide Web Conference (WWW '19 Companion), 4th Workshop on Computational Methods in Online Misbehavior (CyberSafety '19), May 13–17, 2019, San Francisco, CA, USA Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-1-4503-6675-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1145/3308560.3316496 SP - 197 EP - 205 PB - ACM CY - New York ER - TY - GEN A1 - Reelfs, Jens Helge A1 - Mohaupt, Timon A1 - Hohlfeld, Oliver A1 - Henckell, Niklas T1 - Hashtag Usage in a Geographically-Local Microblogging App T2 - Proceedings of the 2019 World Wide Web Conference (WWW '19 Companion), 9th International Workshop on Location and the Web (LocWeb '19), May 13–17, 2019, San Francisco, CA, USA Y1 - 2019 UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.04272 SN - 978-1-4503-6675-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1145/3308560.3316537 SP - 919 EP - 927 PB - ACM CY - New York ER - TY - GEN A1 - Guse, Dennis A1 - Orefice, Henrique R. A1 - Reimers, Gabriel A1 - Hohlfeld, Oliver T1 - TheFragebogen: A Web Browser-based Questionnaire Framework for Scientific Research T2 - 2019 Eleventh International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX 2019), June 5-7 2019, Berlin Y1 - 2019 UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/1904.12568 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sander, Constantin A1 - Rüth, Jan A1 - Hohlfeld, Oliver A1 - Wehrle, Klaus T1 - DeePCCI: Deep Learning-based Passive Congestion Control Identification T2 - In Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Network Meets AI & ML (NetAI '19), August 19-24, 2019, Beijing, China Y1 - 2019 UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.02323 SN - 978-1-4503-6872-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1145/3341216.3342211 SP - 37 EP - 43 PB - ACM CY - New York ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fest, Jennifer A1 - Heilmann, Arndt A1 - Hohlfeld, Oliver A1 - Neumann, Stella A1 - Reelfs, Jens Helge A1 - Schmitt, Marco A1 - Vogelgesang, Alina T1 - Determining Response-generating Contexts on Microblogging Platforms T2 - Proceedings of the 15th Conference on Natural Language Processing (KONVENS), October 9–11, 2019, Erlangen Y1 - 2019 UR - https://corpora.linguistik.uni-erlangen.de/data/konvens/proceedings/ SP - 171 EP - 182 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wolsing, Konrad A1 - Rüth, Jan A1 - Wehrle, Klaus A1 - Hohlfeld, Oliver T1 - A Performance Perspective on Web Optimized Protocol Stacks: TCP+TLS+HTTP/2 vs. QUIC T2 - Proceedings of the Applied Networking Research Workshop (ANRW '19), July 22, 2019, Montreal, QC, Canada Y1 - 2019 UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.07415 SN - 978-1-4503-6848-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1145/3340301.3341123 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - ACM CY - New York ER - TY - GEN A1 - Rüth, Jan A1 - Kunze, Ike A1 - Hohlfeld, Oliver T1 - An Empirical View on Content Provider Fairness T2 - Proceedings of the Network Traffic Measurement and Analysis Conference (TMA '19), June 17-21, 2019, Paris, France Y1 - 2019 UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.07152 U6 - https://doi.org/10.23919/TMA.2019.8784684 PB - IFIP/IEEE ER - TY - GEN A1 - Rüth, Jan A1 - Wolsing, Konrad A1 - Wehrle, Klaus A1 - Hohlfeld, Oliver T1 - Perceiving QUIC: Do Users Notice or Even Care? T2 - CoNEXT '19: International Conference On Emerging Networking Experiments And Technologies, December 9-12, 2019, Orlando, FL, USA. ACM, New York, NY, USA Y1 - 2019 UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.07729 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1145/3359989.3365416 N1 - DOI fehlerhaft PB - ACM CY - New York, NY, USA ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kopp, Daniel A1 - Wichtlhuber, Matthias A1 - Poese, Ingmar A1 - Cardoso de Santanna, José Jair A1 - Hohlfeld, Oliver A1 - Dietzel, Christoph T1 - DDoS Hide & Seek: On the Effectiveness of a Booter Services Takedown T2 - Proceedings of the Internet Measurement Conference (IMC 2019), Amsterdam, Netherlands — October 21 - 23, 2019 Y1 - 2019 UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.07455 SN - 978-1-4503-6948-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1145/3355369.3355590 SP - 65 EP - 72 PB - ACM CY - New York, NY, USA ER - TY - GEN A1 - Holz, Ralph A1 - Hiller, Jens A1 - Amann, Johanna A1 - Razaghpanah, Abbas A1 - Jost, Thomas A1 - Vallina-Rodriguez, Narseo A1 - Hohlfeld, Oliver T1 - Tracking the deployment of TLS 1.3 on the Web: A story of experimentation and centralization T2 - ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1145/3411740.3411742 SN - 0146-4833 VL - 50 IS - 3 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Misa, Chris A1 - Guse, Dennis A1 - Hohlfeld, Oliver A1 - Durairajan, Ramakrishnan A1 - Sperotto, Anna A1 - Dainotti, Alberto A1 - Rejaie, Reza T1 - Lessons Learned Organizing the PAM 2020 Virtual Conference T2 - ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1145/3411740.3411747 SN - 0146-4833 VL - 50 IS - 3 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Guse, Dennis A1 - Hohlfeld, Oliver A1 - Wunderlich, Anna A1 - Weiss, Benjamin A1 - Möller, Sebastian T1 - Multi-episodic Perceived Quality of an Audio-on-Demand Service T2 - 2020 Twelfth International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX) N2 - Quality of Experience is traditionally evaluated byusing short stimuli usually representing parts orsingleusageepisodes. This opens the question on how the overall serviceperception involvingmultipleusage episodes can be evaluated—a question of high practical relevance to service operators.Despite initial research on this challenging aspect of multi-episodic perceived quality, the question of the underlying qualityformation processes and its factors are still to be discovered.We present a multi-episodic experiment of an Audio-on-Demand service over a usage period of 6 days with 93 par-ticipants. Our work directly extends prior work investigating theimpact of time between usage episodes. The results show similareffects — also the recency effect is not statistically significant.In addition, we extend prediction of multi-episodic judgments byaccounting for the observed saturation. KW - Perceived quality, QoE, Audio streaming Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-1-7281-5965-2 SN - 978-1-7281-5966-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/QoMEX48832.2020.9123070 SN - 2472-7814 SN - 2372-7179 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Reelfs, Jens Helge A1 - Hohlfeld, Oliver A1 - Strohmaier, Markus A1 - Henckell, Niklas T1 - Word-Emoji embeddings from large scale messaging data reflect real world semantic associations of expressive icons T2 - Conference: ICWSM Workshop on Emoji Understanding and Applications in Social Media 2020 N2 - We train word-emoji embeddings on large scale messagingdata obtained from the Jodel online social network. Our dataset contains more than 40 million sentences, of which 11 million sentences are annotated with a subset of the Unicode13.0 standard Emoji list. We explore semantic emoji associations contained in this embedding by analyzing associations between emojis, between emojis and text, and betweentext and emojis. Our investigations demonstrate anecdotallythat word-emoji embeddings trained on large scale messaging data can reflect real-world semantic associations. To enable further research we release the Jodel Emoji EmbeddingDataset (JEED1488) containing 1488 emojis and their embeddings along 300 dimensions. Y1 - 2020 UR - http://workshop-proceedings.icwsm.org/pdf/2020_02.pdf ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hasslinger, Gerhard A1 - Ntougias, Konstantinos A1 - Hasslinger, Frank A1 - Hohlfeld, Oliver T1 - General Knapsack Bounds of Web Caching Performance Regarding the Properties of each Cacheable Object T2 - 2020 IFIP Networking Conference (Networking), 22-26 June 2020, Paris, France N2 - Caching strategies have been evaluated and compared in many studies, most often via simulation, but also in analytic methods. Knapsack solutions provide a general analytical approach for upper bounds on web caching performance. They assume objects of maximum (value/size) ratio being selected as cache content, with flexibility to define the caching value. Therefore the popularity, cost, size, time-to-live restrictions etc. per object can be included an overall caching goal, e.g., for reducing delay and/or transport path length in content delivery. The independent request model (IRM) leads to basic knapsack bounds for static optimum cache content. We show that a 2-dimensional (2D-)knapsack solution covers arbitrary request pattern, which selects dynamically changing content yielding maximum caching value for any predefined request sequence. Moreover, Belady's optimum strategy for clairvoyant caching is identified as a special case of our 2D-knapsack solution when all objects are unique. We also summarize a comprehensive picture of the demands and efficiency criteria for web caching, including updating speed and overheads. Our evaluations confirm significant performance gaps from LRU to advanced GreedyDual and score-based web caching methods and to the knapsack bounds. Y1 - 2020 UR - https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9142701 SN - 978-3-903176-28-7 SN - 978-1-7281-6710-7 PB - IEEE ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kosek, Mike A1 - Blöcher, Leo A1 - Rüth, Jan A1 - Zimmermann, Torsten A1 - Hohlfeld, Oliver ED - Sperotto, Anna ED - Dainotti, Alberto ED - Stiller, Burkhard T1 - MUST, SHOULD, DON'T CARE: TCP conformance in the Wild T2 - Passive and Active Measurement : 21st International Conference, PAM 2020, Eugene, Oregon, USA, March 30–31, 2020, Proceedings N2 - Standards govern the SHOULD and MUST requirements for protocol implementers for interoperability. In case of TCP that carries the bulk of the Internets' traffic, these requirements are defined in RFCs. While it is known that not all optional features are implemented and nonconformance exists, one would assume that TCP implementations at least conform to the minimum set of MUST requirements. In this paper, we use Internet-wide scans to show how Internet hosts and paths conform to these basic requirements. We uncover a non-negligible set of hosts and paths that do not adhere to even basic requirements. For example, we observe hosts that do not correctly handle checksums and cases of middlebox interference for TCP options. We identify hosts that drop packets when the urgent pointer is set or simply crash. Our publicly available results highlight that conformance to even fundamental protocol requirements should not be taken for granted but instead checked regularly. Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-030-44080-0 SN - 978-3-030-44081-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44081-7_8 SN - 0302-9743 SN - 1611-3349 SP - 122 EP - 138 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER -