TY - GEN A1 - Fellah, Mamoun A1 - Hezil, Naouel A1 - Touhami, Mohamed Zine A1 - Samad, Mohammed Abdul A1 - Obrosov, Aleksei A1 - Bokov, Dmitry O. A1 - Marchenko, Ekaterina A1 - Montagne, Alex A1 - Iost, Alain A1 - Alhussein, Akram T1 - Structural, tribological and antibacterial properties of (α + β) based ti-alloys for biomedical applications T2 - Journal of Materials Research and Technology N2 - Implant-related follow up complications resulting from poor implant integration, delamination, chipping, mechanical instability, inflammation or graft-vs-host reaction may lead to low patient tolerance, prolonged care and sometimes leading to a second surgery. Hence, there is an urgent need for developing biomaterials which will help to overcome the above compatibility problems. Ti based alloys have been widely used for biomedical applications, due to their excellent properties, such as low modulus, high biocompatibility and high corrosion resistance. In order to further improve the physical, mechanical and tribological properties of these alloys, microstructural modification is often required. Hence, this study aims to develop and evaluate the structural and tribological behavior of Hot Isostatic Pressed (HIPed) and sintered Ti-6Al-7Nb samples containing niobium, which is less toxic and less expensive as compared to the usual alloying element, vanadium (Ti-6Al-4 V). The Ti-6Al-7Nb alloys were fabricated by using nanoparticle powders milled for different durations (2, 6, 12 and 18 h) to evaluate the effect of milling time on the morphological and structural properties. Friction and wear tests were carried out on the (HIPed) and finally sintered Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy samples, to evaluate their tribological properties under different applied loads (2, 8 and 16 N), with an alumina α-Al2O3 ball as a counter face using an oscillating tribometer. The physical characterization of the nanopowders formed using different milling times indicated that the particle and crystallite size continually decreased with increasing milling time, while the microstrain increased. It is observed that the friction coefficient and wear rate for the samples prepared by powders milled for 18 h and tested under 2 N were lowest with values of 0.25 and 1.51 × 10−2 μm3∙N-1 μm-1, respectively compared to other milled samples. This improvement in tribological properties is attributed to the grain refinement at high milling times. The antibacterial evaluation of the fabricated alloys showed an improvement in antibacterial performance of the samples milled at 18 h compared to the other milling times. KW - Mechanical properties KW - Hot Isostatic Pressure KW - Ti-6Al-7Nb KW - Powder metallurgy KW - Milling time KW - Physical characterization KW - biomaterials KW - microstructure Y1 - 2020 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785420318421 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2020.09.118 SN - 2238-7854 VL - 9 IS - 6 SP - 14061 EP - 14074 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fouzia, Hammadi A1 - Fellah, Mamoun A1 - Hezil, Naouel A1 - Aissani, Linda A1 - Mimanne, Goussem A1 - Mechachti, Said A1 - Samad, Mohammed Abdul A1 - Montagne, Alex A1 - Iost, Alain A1 - Weiß, Sabine A1 - Obrosov, Aleksei T1 - The effect of milling time on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4Fe alloys T2 - Materials Today Communications N2 - Replacement of toxic and expensive vanadium (V) in medical grade titanium alloys with cheaper and non-toxic elements such as iron (Fe) or niobium (Nb), is an important step forward in developing safer and less expensive biomaterials. Evaluating the effect of different process parameters such as the milling time on the properties of these newly developed alloys helps in understanding and controlling their behavior. Hence, in this study, the influence of ball-milling duration (2, 6, 8, 12 and 18 h) on crystalline structure, phase evolution, densification, and mechanical characteristics of biomedical nanocrystalline Ti-6Al-4Fe (wt. %) alloys is investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed that after 6 h of milling, aluminum (Al) and Fe completely dissolved into Ti matrix to form a solid solution of Ti (Al, Fe). XRD further revealed that the crystallite size decreased from 56 to 30 nm and the micro-strain increased with an increase in milling time. A decrease in porosity along with an increase in density is also observed for the alloys with increasing milling time. Moreover, the values of porosity obtained for the developed Ti-6Al-4Fe alloys ranged from 1 to 12 %, which is comparable to the porosity of one of the cortical bones making it a potential candidate for bone replacements. Microhardness measurements showed that the hardness of the Ti-6Al-4Fe alloys was greater than the hardness of the conventional Ti-6Al-4V alloys. It was observed that the Ti-6Al-4Fe alloy fabricated with the powders milled for 2 h showed the lowest value of Young’s Modulus. Milling time also had a significant effect on the surface roughness of the alloy samples, which showed a decreasing trend with increasing milling times. KW - Ti-based alloys KW - Microstructure KW - Mechanical properties KW - Ball-milling KW - Biomaterials KW - Milling time Y1 - 2021 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2352492821004207#! U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2021.102428 SN - 2352-4928 VL - 27 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bouchareb, Nabila A1 - Fellah, Mamoun A1 - Hezil, Naouel A1 - Hamadi, Fouzia A1 - Montagne, Alex A1 - Obrosov, Aleksei A1 - Yadav, Krishna Kumar A1 - El-Hiti, Gamal A. T1 - Effect of milling time on structural, physical and photocatalytical properties of Ti-Ni alloy for biomedical applications T2 - The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology N2 - Ti-Ni shape memory alloys (SMA) are used extensively in the field of orthopedics owing to their unique physical and mechanical features, excellent corrosion resistance, and good biocompatibility in the human body environment. This study aims to investigate how milling time affects the characteristics of Ti-Ni alloys which were synthesized with equal atomic percentages by using a high-energy ball milling type (Planetary Micro Mill Pulverisette P7, Fritsch GmbH, Germany) under varying milling periods (2, 6, 12, and 18 h). The duration of the grinding process refines the grain and diminishes the material's porosity, improving the material's physical and structural characteristics as well as its photocatalytic activity. The milled powders of Ti50-Ni50 alloys underwent characterization employing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) associated with an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and spectrophotometery of visible and ultraviolet light (UV–VIS) to measure the solution absorbance of methylene blue (MB). The results revealed that the milling process influences the particle size and shape of powders, where the proportion of fine particles increased with increasing grinding times from 2 to 18 h due to severe deformation and fracturing. The crystallite size was reduced, and the microstrain increased, attaining values of 29 nm and 0.99%, respectively. In addition, the pores of samples were decreased to 10 nm at higher milling times. Furthermore, solutions of MB containing powders of Ti50-Ni50 milled at 18 h exhibited good photocatalytic activity with a degradation rate value of 93.23% after 60 min of irradiation time because of a greater surface area. The improved properties of Ti50-Ni50 alloys make them clinically useful for biomedical implantation in humans. Plus, they are considered to be effective materials for photocatalytic applications. KW - Ti-Ni shape memory alloys KW - Milling time KW - Structural evaluation KW - Nanostructure KW - Biomedical implant KW - Photocatalytic activity Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-024-13207-5 SN - 1433-3015 VL - 131 (2024) SP - 3539 EP - 3553 PB - Springer ER - TY - GEN A1 - Dahmani, Marwa A1 - Fellah, Mamoun A1 - Hezil, Naouel A1 - Benoudia, Mohamed-Cherif A1 - Samad, Mohammed Abdul A1 - Alburaikan, Alhanouf A1 - Khalifa, Hamiden Abd El-Wahed A1 - Obrosov, Aleksei T1 - Structural and mechanical evaluation of a new Ti-Nb-Mo alloy produced by high-energy ball milling with variable milling time for biomedical applications T2 - The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology N2 - The main focus of this work is to investigate the impact of varying milling times (2 to 18 h) on the structural and mechanical properties of the developed Ti-Nb-Mo alloy. The morphology, phase composition, microstructure, and mechanical behavior of milled and sintered Ti-25Nb-25Mo alloy samples were characterized systematically using x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, optical microscope, and Vicker microhardness. It was noted that the quantity of the β-Ti phase increased as the milling time increased. After 12 h of milling, the synthesized alloys exhibited a spherical morphology and texture with homogeneous distribution. The milled alloys' structural evolution and morphological changes were found to be dependent on their milling duration. Morphological analysis revealed that the crystallite size and mean pore size decreased when the milling duration increased, reaching minimum values of 51 nm and < 1 μm, after 12 and 18 h respectively. As the milling time increased, the grain size decreased, resulting in an increase in density, microhardness, and elastic modulus. Ti-25Nb-25Mo will presents good anti-wear ability and higher resistance to plastic deformation due to enhanced mechanical characteristics (H/E, and H3/E2). Hence, the developed Ti-25Nb-25Mo alloys with reduced elastic modulus and desirable mechanical properties were found to be a promising option for biomedical applications. KW - Ti-25Nb-25Mo alloy KW - High-energy ball milling KW - Milling time KW - Structural evolution KW - Nanoparticle KW - Biomedical applications Y1 - 2023 UR - https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00170-023-12650-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-12650-0 SN - 1433-3015 VL - 129 IS - 11-12 SP - 4971 EP - 4991 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fellah, Mamoun A1 - Hezil, Naouel A1 - Bouras, Dikra A1 - Montagne, Alex A1 - Obrosov, Aleksei A1 - Jamshed, Wasim A1 - Ibrahim, Rabha W. A1 - Iqbal, Amjad A1 - El Din, Sayed M. A1 - Khalifa, Hamiden Abd El-Wahed T1 - Investigating the effect of milling time on structural, mechanical and tribological properties of a nanostructured hiped alpha alumina for biomaterial applications T2 - Arabian Journal of Chemistry N2 - In this work was prepared α-Al2O3 alloys from laboratory aluminum oxide powder that was milled for different periods of time and sintered at a temperature of 1450 °C. The difference between the prepared samples was studied using several experimental measurement techniques, including X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and measurement of physical and mechanical properties. Moreover, the effect of milling time on the formation and sintering of alpha-alumina, by milling the mixture at different times using high energy crushing technique was studied. An influence of milling time on density, open spaces and microstructure of the samples was analyzed. The obtained results showed that longer milling duration led to alloys with higher hardness (H) and modulus of elasticity (E). This improvement is due to lower porosity and corresponding higher density at high temperatures. A noticeable decrease in the size of the particles with the increase of the milling time led to an increase in the lattice parameter accompanied by a decrease in defects and ionic voids. The percentage of pores reached 0.04 % within 24 h of grinding after it was approximately 0.20 %, while the density reached 96 % after the same highest grinding time. Tests showed that the value of friction coefficient decreases, while it increases with the increase in the applied pressure force and this was confirmed by SEM images of the samples. the main factor to reduce friction is the increase in grinding time, regardless of the value of the applied load. The results showed that the Al2O3 alloy applied to it with a load of 2 N and milled for 24 h had a minimum value of 1.94 µm3 wear volumes and a wear rate of 1.33 (µm3∙N−1∙µm−1). The sample milled for 24 h showed the best result, characterized by the lowest wear size, specific wear rate and the highest hardness with extraordinary density of 96 %, which is important in the field of biomaterials applications. KW - α-Al2O3 KW - Milling time KW - Nanomaterials KW - Particle size KW - Hardness KW - Biomaterials KW - Biomedical applications Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878535223005749 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.105112 SN - 1878-5379 VL - 16 IS - 10 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hamadi, Fouzia A1 - Fellah, Mamoun A1 - Hezil, Naouel A1 - Bouras, Dikra A1 - Laouini, Salah Eddine A1 - Montagne, Alex A1 - Khalifa, Hamiden Abd El-Wahed A1 - Obrosov, Aleksei A1 - El-Hiti, Gamal A. A1 - Yadav, Krishna Kumar T1 - Effect of milling time on structural, physical and tribological behavior of a newly developed Ti-Nb-Zr alloy for biomedical applications T2 - Advanced Powder Technology N2 - Titanium (Ti)-based alloys with only a β-phase have attracted academic and industrial interest for orthopedic application, due to their close properties to those of tissues. The current study aims to investigate the effect of milling time (2 h, 6 h, 12 h and 18 h) on the nanostructured ternary alloy Ti-25Nb-25Zr prepared by high energy milling, on its structural, physical and tribological behaviors. The alloys’ characteristics such as relative density/porosity, surface roughness, were evaluated using XRD, SEM, surface profilometry, and microdurometer, respectively. The tribological characterization was done using an oscillating tribometer under wet conditions, simulating the human body environment. Results showed that the crystallite and mean pore size reduced with increasing milling time, with the smallest values of 26 nm and 40 µm, respectively after 18 h. Structural characterization shows that the amount of the β-Ti phase increased with increasing milling time, resulting in spherical morphology and texturing of the synthesized alloys. The milled alloys' structural evolution and morphological changes were sensitive to their milling times. Also, the relative density, Young’s modulus and hardness, increased due to grain size decreased with increasing milling time. Tribological results showed that the effect of milling has a significant effect on both nanomaterial formation and friction-wear behavior of the alloys. The results showed that, friction coefficient and wear rate significantly decreased due to the increased formation of protective films such as TiO2, Nb2O5 and ZrO2 phases. The wear mechanism of the Ti-25Zr-25Nb system was dominated by abrasion wear accompanied by adhesion wear. KW - Ti-25Nb-25Zr alloy KW - Biomaterials alloys KW - Total hip prosthesis KW - Milling time KW - Tribology KW - Wear KW - Nanomaterial KW - Nanocomposites Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921883123003710 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2023.104306 SN - 1568-5527 VL - 35 IS - 1 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Dahmani, Marwa A1 - Fellah, Mamoun A1 - Hezil, Naouel A1 - Benoudia, Mohamed-Cherif A1 - Obrosov, Aleksei A1 - El-Hiti, Gamal A. A1 - Weiß, Sabine T1 - Bioactivity and tribological performance of a novel nano-biomaterial beta-type Ti-alloy T2 - Journal of materials research and technology N2 - This study investigates the bioactivity; wear performance, and topography of a novel beta-type titanium-based alloy using techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and 2D and 3D analysis. The tribological test was evaluated using a ball-on-disk tribometer in a wet environment. Different loads of 2, 6, and 10 N were applied during the evolution. The data results indicate a significant effect of the milling process on the formation of the hydroxyapatite layer on the surfaces of the Ti–Nb–Mo alloy. Both the wear volume and rate showed a consistent trend of decrease as the milling time increased from 2 to 12 h for all applied loads. The minimum values of wear and volume were reached after 12 h of milling. The improvement in tribological behavior can be attributed to the improved mechanical properties of the alloys. In addition, the significant presence of niobium (Nb) and molybdenum (Mo) plays a critical role in achieving high coefficient of friction values. The primary wear mechanism observed in the Ti–25Nb–25Mo system was adhesive wear in addition to abrasive wear. With its lower Young's modulus and favorable biological and tribological properties, the Ti–25Nb–25Mo alloy represents a promising option for bone tissue applications in orthopedics. KW - Ti–25Nb–25Mo KW - Milling time KW - Bioactivity KW - Hydroxyapatite KW - Friction coefficient KW - Wear rate KW - Biomaterials Y1 - 2025 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425006908 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.03.180 SN - 2214-0697 VL - 36 SP - 2297 EP - 2316 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER -