TY - GEN A1 - Nowack, Kati T1 - Beauty in the eye of the self: novices’ aesthetic art preferences, stimulation potential, and self-concepts T2 - Current Psychology N2 - This study investigated the underlying structure of novices’ aesthetic preferences for visual art. 478 participants were presented with paintings from realism, impressionism, expressionism, and contemporary disrupted realism and asked to indicate on a 5-point Likert scale how much they liked each painting. One subsample (n = 276) also rated how stimulating they found each painting in order to investigate interrelations with arousal. A second subsample (n = 202) completed the Aspects of Identity Questionnaire (Cheek & Cheek, 2018) and the Relationality-Contextuality Scale (Gollwitzer et al., 2006) to investigate interrelations with identity orientation and self-construal. First, principal component analysis revealed two style-related and four content-related aesthetic components that differed from the classic art movement categorization: expressionist, dark, communal, interior, still-life, and landscape. Second, age, gender, and art engagement were interrelated with aesthetic ratings but not stimulation ratings. Third, an inverse relationship between stimulation potential and aesthetic preferences was found that challenges theories of an inverted U-shaped relationship. Fourth, self-construal, identity orientation and aesthetic preferences were interrelated in support of the notion of an “aesthetic self” (Fingerhut et al., 2021). This study not only advances current knowledge on the influences of stimulation potential, self-construal and identity orientation. It also indicates that impressionist and realist art depicting landscapes or social themes may offer novices an easier way into the art world than expressionist art or art characterized by darker, more muted colors. KW - Social aesthetics, Self-construal, Identity orientation, Arousal, Visual art Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-024-06832-6 SN - 1046-1310 VL - 43 IS - 39 PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC ER - TY - GEN A1 - Nowack, Kati T1 - The Individual Time Span Scales (ITSS): Introducing a self-report questionnaire to measure individual differences in the perception of time as duration T2 - Personality and Individual Differences N2 - Occasionally, time seems to stand still. At other times, it seems to fly. To what extent do relatively stable individual differences in the perception of time as duration exist? Individual temporal orientation has been studied extensively for time perspective and chronotype, but insufficiently for individual time span orientation. Yet, there are individual differences in the sampling rate at which the environment is monitored whilst neuronal systems specifically sensitive to motion, speed and duration perception exist (Hagendorf et al., 2011). To contribute to a better understanding of individual temporal orientation, a multi-study project (n = 2.176) was conducted to develop and validate a self-report questionnaire measuring individual time span orientation: the Individual Time Span Scales (ITSS). Structural validity was assessed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses suggesting two specific factors of slow and fast time span orientation as components of the global factor individual time span orientation. Convergent and discriminant validity were examined by comparison with personality factors, time perspective, and considerations of future consequences. Individual time span orientation was correlated with future time perspective and the consideration of future consequences: More future-oriented individuals tended to perceive time as running fast. Less future-oriented individuals tended to perceive time as moving slow. KW - Psychological time KW - Time Perspective KW - Assessment Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2023.112116 SN - 0191-8869 IS - 206 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Nowack, Kati ED - Klimczak, Peter ED - Petersen, Christer T1 - When you can’t have what you want: Measuring Users' Ethical Concerns about Interacting with AI Assistants Using MEESTAR T2 - AI - limits and prospects of artificial intelligence N2 - As new AI technologies emerge, we need to assure these are in alignment with ethical values, standards and goals of individual users as well as society. Ethical implications associated with AI systems have been discussed extensively in the literature, where much theorizing about users has taken place but not enough empirical research with users has been conducted. In this explorative questionnaire study, I aimed at investigating the extent to which the MEESTAR model (e.g. Manzeschke et al. 2016) originally developed within the context of inclusive assistance systems for the elderly can be applied more generally to users’ needs. To this end, sixty-four participants were presented with different AI scenarios in which the ethical values of autonomy, safety, privacy, care, justice, participation and self-conception were either violated or not. Ratings of concern in response to violations as well as ratings of the importance assigned to these aspects show that, firstly, participation and care generally need to be considered in the development of new AI systems whilst privacy was largely disregarded by participants. Secondly, the results indicate some mismatches between ratings of concern and importance: participants assigned importance to safety, justice, autonomy and self-conception but appeared less concerned with violations of these values. This supports the notion of a growing need to strengthen digital literacy by including more information about users’ rights and about the consequences of violations in AI interaction. Finally, findings of any impact of gender, technical experience and time perspective on concern and importance ratings are discussed. Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-8376-5732-6 SP - 163 EP - 193 PB - Transcript CY - Bielefeld ER - TY - GEN A1 - Nowack, Kati T1 - From inglorious basterds, aliens, and hobbits: The structure of fictional film genre preferences and its relationship with time perspective and individual time span orientation T2 - Psychology of Popular Media N2 - What distinguishes our aesthetic experience of Middle Earth from Tarantino’s hybrid genre settings? To what extent does individual temporal orientation influence whether we prefer fast action or epic fantasy movies? Because film genres share stylistic and narrative elements, this study aimed to provide a categorization based on the features that genres share in unique ways. Furthermore, meaningful dimensions underlying these categories were investigated. Then, interrelations with individual temporal orientation were assessed. Participants completed a test of fictional film preferences, the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, and the Individual Time Span Scales. Multidimensional scaling revealed three latent dimensions: social, conflict, and narrative setting. Principal component analysis revealed seven components of fictional film preferences: fantastic, communal, action, doomed, thrilling, unconventional, and historical. The current findings suggest that mood management processes are less influential in the development of more stable genre preferences than social phenomena. Regarding individual temporal orientation, findings were in line with life history theory for individual time span orientation. Time perspective was less related to film genre preferences. Here, gender appeared to be the main influence. KW - individual temporal orientation KW - principal component analysis KW - multidimensional scale analysis KW - media selection Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000520 SN - 2689-6575 ER -