TY - GEN A1 - Ulrich, Hanna-Sophie A1 - Kohler, Emma A1 - Spallek, Jacob A1 - Richter, Matthias A1 - Clauß, Daniel A1 - Mlinarić, Martin T1 - Explaining psychosocial care among unaccompanied minor refugees: a realist review T2 - European child & adolescent psychiatry N2 - Research on the psychosocial care (PSC) of unaccompanied minor refugees (UMRs) has mainly taken a socioepidemiological approach and has focused on the perspectives of experts in the field. In contrast, the knowledge concerning the differing context factors and the underlying mechanisms of current PSC which could inform policy recommendations is scant. The study aims at unravelling the contexts, mechanisms and outcomes of PSC for UMRs. For a realist review (RR), scientific evidence and gray literature were synthesised consistent with the RAMESES publication standards for realist synthesis. Based on an iterative keyword search in electronic databases (e.g., PubMed) and screening, 34 works from 2005 to 2019 were included in a realist synthesis. Theory-informed context-mechanism-outcome configurations (CMOs) were extracted, to explain underlying processes and mechanisms. Characterised by their interrelatedness, the dominant CMOs included the UMRs' intersections of transitions (e.g., adolescence and migration), their needs for culture-, and gender-sensitive PSC, and the undersupply of PSC. These contexts and outcomes are mediated by pre-, peri- and post-migratory stressors as well as care structures and are moreover influenced by overarching discourses and concepts. They comprise adverse and beneficial mechanisms in the PSC of UMRs. The existing literature grasps the PSC of UMRs by different disciplines and approaches but does not offer a comprehensive overview on micro-macro intersections and included discourses. The inclusion of lay perspectives and an intersectional approach could inform health service research. The reflection of UMR-related categorical constructs of resilience and vulnerability, discourses of othering, as well as restrictive health policies may guide policy recommendations. KW - Migration KW - Psychosocial care KW - Realist review KW - Unaccompanied minor refugees KW - mental health Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-021-01762-1 SN - 1435-165X VL - 31(2022) IS - 12 SP - 1857 EP - 1870 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Osterrieder, Peter A1 - Richter, Stefan A1 - Friedrich, Matthias T1 - Lateral buckling of continuous steel beams with hinges Y1 - 2010 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lampert, Thomas A1 - Richter, Matthias A1 - Schreiber, Sven A1 - Spallek, Jacob A1 - Dragano, Nico T1 - Soziale Ungleichheit und Gesundheit. Stand und Perspektiven der sozialepidemiologischen Forschung in Deutschland T2 - Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-015-2275-6 SN - 1436-9990 SN - 1437-1588 VL - 59 IS - 2 SP - 153 EP - 165 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bilz, Ludwig A1 - Sudeck, Gorden A1 - Bucksch, Jens A1 - Klocke, Andreas A1 - Kolip, Petra A1 - Melzer, Wolfgang A1 - Ravens-Sieberer, Ulrike A1 - Richter, Matthias ED - Bilz, Ludwig ED - Sudeck, Gorden ED - Bucksch, Jens ED - Klocke, Andreas ED - Kolip, Petra ED - Melzer, Wolfgang ED - Ravens-Sieberer, Ulrike ED - Richter, Matthias T1 - Der vierte deutsche Jugendgesundheitssurvey „Health Behaviour in School-aged Children“ T2 - Schule und Gesundheit : Ergebnisse des WHO-Jugendgesundheitssurveys "Health behaviour in school-aged children" Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-7799-1991-9 SP - 7 EP - 15 PB - Beltz Juventa CY - Weinheim ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lueckmann, Sara Lena A1 - Hoebel, Jens A1 - Roick, Julia A1 - Markert, Jenny A1 - Spallek, Jacob A1 - Knesebeck, Olaf von dem A1 - Richter, Matthias T1 - Socioeconomic inequalities in primary-care and specialist physician visits: a systematic review T2 - International journal for equity in health N2 - Background Utilization of primary-care and specialist physicians seems to be associated differently with socioeconomic status (SES). This review aims to summarize and compare the evidence on socioeconomic inequalities in consulting primary-care or specialist physicians in the general adult population in high-income countries. Methods We carried out a systematic search across the most relevant databases (Web of Science, Medline) and included all studies, published since 2004, reporting associations between SES and utilization of primary-care and/or specialist physicians. In total, 57 studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Results Many studies found socioeconomic inequalities in physician utilization, but inequalities were more pronounced in visiting specialists than primary-care physicians. The results of the studies varied strongly according to the operationalization of utilization, namely whether a physician was visited (probability) or how often a physician was visited (frequency). For probabilities of visiting primary-care physicians predominantly no association with SES was found, but frequencies of visits were higher in the most disadvantaged. The most disadvantaged often had lower probabilities of visiting specialists, but in many studies no link was found between the number of visits and SES. Conclusion This systematic review emphasizes that inequalities to the detriment of the most deprived is primarily a problem in the probability of visiting specialist physicians. Healthcare policy should focus first off on effective access to specialist physicians in order to tackle inequalities in healthcare. KW - Socioeconomic inequalities KW - primary-care KW - specialist physician KW - systematic review Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-020-01375-1 SN - 1475-9276 VL - 20 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Moor, Irene A1 - Winter, Kristina A1 - Bilz, Ludwig A1 - Bucksch, Jens A1 - Finne, Emily A1 - John, Nancy A1 - Kolip, Petra A1 - Paulsen, Lisa A1 - Ravens-Sieberer, Ulrike A1 - Schlattmann, Marina A1 - Sudeck, Gorden A1 - Brindley, Catherina A1 - Kaman, Anne A1 - Richter, Matthias T1 - The 2017/18 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study – Methodology of the World Health Organization’s child and adolescent health study T2 - Journal of Health Monitoring N2 - The Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study is an international research project in collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO) for over 35 years. HBSC is the largest study on child and adolescent health and one of the most important sources of data for the WHO’s international comparative health monitoring. Every four years, data on the health and health behaviour of students aged 11, 13 and 15, as well as the social contexts and conditions for growing up healthy, are collected. A total of 50 countries belong to the HBSC network, with 45 countries taking part in the 2017/18 survey. Germany has contributed to the HBSC surveys since 1993/94. For the most recent 2017/18 cycle, students at 146 schools in Germany were interviewed (response rate of schools: 15.6%). A net sample of n = 4,347 girls and boys was achieved for Germany (response rate: 52.7%). Participation was voluntary and the survey was conducted in German school years five, seven and nine (corresponding to ages 11, 13 and 15). A weighting procedure was applied to allow for representative findings on the health of children and adolescents in Germany. HBSC offers a valuable contribution to health monitoring and provides numerous starting points to identify needs, risk groups and fields of action to initiate targeted and actual needs-based measures of prevention and health promotion in the school setting. KW - adolescents KW - health behaviour KW - health monitoring KW - health determinants KW - HBSC Y1 - 2020 UR - https://www.rki.de/EN/Content/Health_Monitoring/Health_Reporting/GBEDownloadsJ/ConceptsMethods_en/JoHM_03_2020_HBSC_Methodology.pdf?__blob=publicationFile U6 - https://doi.org/10.25646/6904 SN - 2511-2708 VL - 5 IS - 3 SP - 88 EP - 102 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ulrich, Hanna-Sophie A1 - Kohler, Emma A1 - Fach, Eva-Maria A1 - Spallek, Jacob A1 - Richter, Matthias A1 - Mlinarić, Martin T1 - Healthcare needs among unaccompanied minor refugees: a study protocol of a qualitative study explaining access and utilisation across place and gender T2 - BMJ Open N2 - Introduction: Several studies have identified that unaccompanied minor refugees (UMRs) are allegedly ‘vulnerable’ and belong to a high-risk group in terms of psychological distress and post-traumatic stress disorder due to their preflight, periflight and postflight experiences. Psychosocial care (PSC) is of high importance for UMRs, but little is known about barriers to access and utilisation of PSC across place and gender. The aims of this gender-sensitive qualitative study will be to build on the existing body of literature and to provide qualitative evidence on the contexts and mechanisms of PSC for male and female UMRs in Germany by comparing two German regions. Methods and analysis: Following the study preparing realist review, a qualitative study will be undertaken in Berlin and Central German cities. Approximately 24 experts from the field of PSC and 12 lay UMRs will participate in face-to-face, semistructured interviews. Data will be transcribed and analysed based on the grounded theory research paradigm. Ethics and dissemination: Only participants who have been informed in both German and their native tongue and who have signed a declaration of consent will be included in the study. The study will comply rigorously with German data protection standards. Approval from the Ethical Review Committee at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany has been obtained and granted. The results of the study will be presented at several conferences and will be published in high-quality, peer-reviewed international journals. The results will display a differentiated picture of the PSC of UMRs in Germany. Such knowledge is a precondition for a ‘science of change’ that translates explanations into practical recommendations on how to improve healthcare policies. KW - Healthcare KW - unaccompanied minor refugees KW - access KW - utilisation KW - gender Y1 - 2020 UR - https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/10/9/e038882 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038882 SN - 2044-6055 VL - 10 IS - 9 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Rudolph, Matthias A1 - Achouche, M. A1 - Kraus, S. A1 - Spitzbart, Th. A1 - Kurpas, Paul A1 - Rentner, D. A1 - Brunner, F. A1 - Richter, E. A1 - Bergunde, T. A1 - Heymann, Peter A1 - Wolter, P. A1 - Wittrich, H. A1 - Weyers, M. A1 - Würfl, Joachim A1 - Tränkle, Günther T1 - InGaP/GaAs Power HBTs for L-Band Applications Y1 - 1999 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Haeberle, Jörg A1 - Richter, Matthias A1 - Schmeißer, Dieter A1 - Galazka, Zbigniew A1 - Janowitz, Christoph T1 - Resonant Photoemission at the O1s threshold to characterize In2O3 single crystals T2 - Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft N2 - We report on spectroscopic investigations on In2O3 single crystals. We focus on the detailed analysis of the O1s resonance profile by resonant photoelectron spectroscopy (resPES). From these we analyze the electronic structure and assign the O2p- and In5sp state to build the valence band and the conduction band in different contributions, respectively. This is deduced from constant final state spectra on the O-KLL-Auger along the O K-edge and In M4,5-edge and a comparison to the corresponding X-ray absorption spectroscopy data. We also identify several types of defects. A broad band of oxygen derived defects is identified in the valence band and extends throughout the gap. Small polarons are attributed to cause an anti-resonance in the constant initial states around the O1s threshold. In addition, an Auger decay separated by the O-KLL is present at O-K resonance and indicates the existence of localized charge transfer states which involves In5sp states. Finally, we are able to distinguish two different oxygen species from the resPES data. One corresponds to theintrinsic In2O3 structure and the other is a non-corresponding species. KW - resonant photoelectron spectroscopy KW - In2O3 Y1 - 2013 UR - http://www.dpg-verhandlungen.de/year/2013/conference/regensburg/part/mm/session/15/contribution/57?lang=de PB - Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft CY - Bad Honnef ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schob, Daniela A1 - Richter, Lukas A1 - Kotecki, Krzysztof A1 - Kurpisz, Dariusz A1 - Roszak, Robert A1 - Maasch, Philipp A1 - Ziegenhorn, Matthias T1 - Characterization and Simulation of Shear-Induced Damage in Selective-Laser-Sintered Polyamide 12 T2 - Materials N2 - This paper presents the characterisation of selective-laser-sintered (SLS) samples of polyamide 12 (PA12) under shear loading. PA12 is a semi-crystalline thermoplastic and is used in various industries. Its behaviour under shear stress, which is particularly important for product reliability, has not yet been sufficiently investigated. This research focuses on understanding the material and damage behaviour of PA12 under shear-induced stress conditions. The study included quasi-static experiments and numerical simulations. Samples were prepared via SLS and tested according to ASTM standards. Digital image correlation (DIC) was used for precise deformation measurements. The Chaboche material model was used for the viscoplastic behaviour in the numerical simulations. Due to existing material discontinuities in the form of voids, the material model was coupled with the Gurson–Tvergaard–Needleman (GTN) damage model. A modified approach of the GTN model was used to account for low stress triaxiality under shear loading. These models were implemented in MATLAB and integrated into Abaqus via a User Material (UMAT) subroutine. The results of the experiments and simulations showed a high degree of accuracy. An important finding was the significant influence of the shear factor kw on the damage behaviour, especially during failure. This factor proved to be essential for the accurate prediction of material behaviour under shear-induced stress conditions. The integration of the modified GTN model with the Chaboche material model in UMAT enables an accurate prediction of the material and damage behaviour and thus makes an important contribution to the understanding of the mechanical material behaviour of SLS PA12 specimens. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/17/1/38 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17010038 SN - 1996-1944 VL - 17 IS - 1 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Strobel, Carsten A1 - Alvarado Chavarin, Carlos A1 - Richter, Karola A1 - Knaut, Martin A1 - Reif, Johanna A1 - Völkel, Sandra A1 - Jahn, Andreas A1 - Albert, Matthias A1 - Wenger, Christian A1 - Kirchner, Robert A1 - Bartha, Johann Wolfgang A1 - Mikolajick, Thomas T1 - Novel Graphene Adjustable-Barrier Transistor with Ultra-High Current Gain T2 - ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces N2 - A graphene-based three terminal barristor device was proposed to overcome the low on/off ratios and insufficient current saturation of conventional graphene field effect transistors. In this study, we fabricated and analyzed a novel graphene-based transistor, which resembles the structure of the barristor but uses a different operating condition. This new device, termed graphene adjustable-barriers transistor (GABT), utilizes a semiconductor-based gate rather than a metal−insulator gate structure to modulate the device currents. The key feature of the device is the two graphene-semiconductor Schottky barriers with different heights that are controlled simultaneously by the gate voltage. Due to the asymmetry of the barriers, the drain current exceeds the gate current by several orders of magnitude. Thus, the GABT can be considered an amplifier with an alterable current gain. In this work, a silicon−graphene−germanium GABT with an ultra-high current gain (ID/IG up to 8 × 106) was fabricated, and the device functionality was demonstrated. Additionally, a capacitance model is applied to predict the theoretical device performance resulting in an on−off ratio above 106, a swing of 87 mV/dec, and a drivecurrent of about 1 × 106 A/cm2. KW - Graphene KW - Transistor Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c10634 SN - 1944-8244 SN - 1944-8252 VL - 14 IS - 34 SP - 39249 EP - 39254 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Winter, Kristina A1 - Moor, Irene A1 - Markert, Jenny A1 - Bilz, Ludwig A1 - Bucksch, Jens A1 - Dadaczynski, Kevin A1 - Fischer, Saskia M. A1 - Helmchen, Ronja M. A1 - Kaman, Anne A1 - Möckel, Juliane A1 - Rathmann, Katharina A1 - Ravens-Sieberer, Ulrike A1 - Reiß, Franziska A1 - Schierl, Theresa A1 - Schütz, Raphael A1 - Sendatzki, Saskia A1 - Stürmer, Elisabeth A1 - Sudeck, Gorden A1 - Richter, Matthias T1 - Konzept und Methodik der Studie Health Behaviour in Schoolaged Children (HBSC) – Einblicke in den aktuellen Survey 2022 und die Entwicklung in Deutschland T2 - Journal of Health Monitoring N2 - Hintergrund: „Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC)“ ist eine der größten internationalen Kinder- und Jugendgesundheitsstudien und kooperiert mit der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO). In Deutschland werden im vierjährigen Turnus jeweils Heranwachsende im Alter von 11, 13 und 15 Jahren zur Gesundheit, zum Gesundheitsverhalten und zu sozialen Rahmenbedingungen befragt. Der Beitrag widmet sich der Beschreibung der HBSC-Studie und speziell der Methodik des aktuellen Surveys 2022 sowie der vorherigen Erhebungen von 2009/10 bis 2017/18. Methode: Am Survey 2022 beteiligten sich 174 Schulen mit insgesamt 6.475 Schülerinnen und Schülern. Die Erhebung erfolgte mittels Fragebogen und erfasst ein breites Themenspektrum (u. a. mentale Gesundheit, Bewegungsverhalten, Mobbingerfahrungen, soziale Determinanten der Gesundheit sowie Erfahrungen im Zusammenhang mit COVID-19). Ergänzt wurde die Erhebung 2022 um eine Schulleitungsbefragung (N = 160). Neben der aktuellen Stichprobe werden auch die Stichproben der vorangegangenen drei Surveys mit repräsentativen Angaben für Deutschland vorgestellt: 2009/10 (N = 5.005), 2013/14 (N = 5.961) und 2017/18 (N = 4.347). Diskussion: Die Kinder- und Jugendgesundheit hat eine hohe Public-Health-Relevanz. Dazu leistet die HBSC-Studie einen elementaren Beitrag, denn sie liefert international vergleichbare Ergebnisse, ermöglicht die Analyse von Trendentwicklungen und stellt umfangreiche, repräsentative Daten zum Gesundheitsmonitoring für Stakeholder bereit. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.25646/11877 SN - 2511-2708 VL - 9 IS - 1 SP - 108 EP - 127 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Winter, Kristina A1 - Moor, Irene A1 - Markert, Jenny A1 - Bilz, Ludwig A1 - Bucksch, Jens A1 - Dadaczynski, Kevin A1 - Fischer, Saskia M. A1 - Helmchen, Ronja M. A1 - Kaman, Anne A1 - Möckel, Juliane A1 - Rathmann, Katharina A1 - Ravens-Sieberer, Ulrike A1 - Reiß, Franziska A1 - Schierl, Theresa A1 - Schütz, Raphael A1 - Sendatzki, Saskia A1 - Stürmer, Elisabeth A1 - Sudeck, Gorden A1 - Richter, Matthias T1 - Concept and methodology of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study – Insights into the current 2022 survey and trends in Germany T2 - Journal of Health Monitoring N2 - Background: Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) is one of the largest international studies on child and adolescent health and cooperates with the World Health Organization (WHO). In Germany, adolescents aged 11, 13 and 15 are surveyed every four years about their health, health behaviour and social conditions. This article describes the HBSC study and in particular the methodology of the current 2022 survey and prior surveys conducted between 2009/10 and 2017/18. Method: 174 schools with a total of 6,475 students participated in the 2022 survey. The survey was conducted using questionnaires and covered a wide range of topics (including mental health, physical activity, bullying experiences, social determinants of health and experiences related to COVID-19). The 2022 survey was complemented by a school principal survey (N = 160). In addition to the current sample, the samples of the three previous surveys with representative data for Germany are presented: 2009/10 (N = 5,005), 2013/14 (N = 5,961) and 2017/18 (N = 4,347). Discussion: The health of children and adolescents is of great public health importance. The HBSC study makes a substantial contribution by providing internationally comparable results, analysing trends, and providing stakeholders with comprehensive and representative health monitoring data. KW - Children KW - Adolescents KW - Students KW - Health Monitoring KW - HBSC KW - Trends KW - Prevalences KW - Schools KW - Survey KW - Cross-Sectional Study KW - Germany Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.rki.de/EN/Content/Health_Monitoring/Health_Reporting/GBEDownloadsJ/ConceptsMethods_en/JHealthMonit_2024_01_Concept_Methodology_HBSC.pdf U6 - https://doi.org/10.25646/11878 SN - 2511-2708 VL - 9 IS - 1 SP - 99 EP - 117 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wachtler, Benjamin A1 - Hoffmann, Stephanie A1 - Blume, Miriam A1 - Rattay, Petra A1 - Herr, Raphael A1 - Deindl, Christian A1 - Sundmacher, Leonie A1 - Richter, Matthias A1 - Spallek, Jacob A1 - Lampert, Thomas T1 - The impact of the family on health inequalities in children – A systematic scoping review T2 - European Journal of Public Health N2 - Background Health inequalities in school-aged children and adolescents were repeatedly reported across Europe but less is known about the contextual and compositional factors of families that might influence and reproduce those health inequalities. In this systematic scoping review we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the available international literature on the mediating and moderating influence of the family on health inequalities in children and adolescents in Europe and North America. Methods This review follows the PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews. After defining the research question a search strategy was developed in cooperation with a scientific librarian and the study protocol was registered. A search of three databases (Pubmed, Scopus, PsycINFO) was conducted to identify relevant literature in English or German published between the year 2000 and 2019. A qualitative data charting process was used to extract the relevant data. Results In total 11.838 records were identified through the multi database search (Pubmed n = 6370, PsycINFO n = 3505, Scopus n = 1963). After elimination of duplicates and records from excluded countries, 8862 abstracts were screened by two researchers independently. Different cluster of evidence of family influences on health inequalities were identified: Parental behaviors and children's obesity, parents' smoking and drinking habits and adolescents' risk behaviors, parenting style and children's common mental disorders, parental resources and children's quality of life. Conclusions There are different aspects of family's contextual and compositional characteristics on health inequalities identifiable in the international literature. These characteristics might be new targets for family-focused health promotion strategies. Key messages: -A systematic scoping review found different family aspects that influence health inequalities in children and adolescents. - The identified family traits are promising targets for family-focused health promotion strategies to reduce health inequalities. KW - Health inequalities KW - family KW - scoping review KW - children KW - adolescents Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.898 SN - 1101-1262 SN - 1464-360X VL - 30 IS - Supplement_5 PB - Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - GEN A1 - Herke, Max A1 - Moor, Irene A1 - Winter, Kristina A1 - Hoffmann, Stephanie A1 - Spallek, Jacob A1 - Hilger-Kolb, Jennifer A1 - Pischke, Claudia R. A1 - Dragano, Nico A1 - Novelli, Anna A1 - Richter, Matthias T1 - Role of contextual and compositional characteristics of schools for health inequalities in childhood and adolescence: protocol for a scoping review T2 - BMJ Open N2 - Introduction Childhood and adolescence are crucial life stages for health trajectories and the development of health inequalities in later life. The relevance of schools for health and well-being of children and adolescents has long been recognised, and there is some research regarding the association of contextual and compositional characteristics of schools and classes with health, health behaviour and well-being in this population. Little is known about the role of meso-level characteristics in relation to health inequalities. The aim of this scoping review is to retrieve and synthesise evidence about the mediating or moderating role of compositional or contextual characteristics of schools for the association between students’ socioeconomic position and health in primary and secondary education. Methods and analysis We will conduct a systematic search of electronic databases in PubMed/Medline, Web of Science and Education Resources Information Center. Studies must meet the following inclusion criteria: (1) The population must be students attending primary or secondary schools in developed economies. (2) The outcomes must include at least one indicator for individual health, health behaviour or well-being. (3) The study must include at least one contextual or compositional characteristic of the school context and one individual determinant of socioeconomic position. (4) The study must also examine the mediating or moderating role of the contextual or compositional characteristic of the school context for the associations between socioeconomic position and health, health behaviour or well-being. (5) The study must be published since 1 January 2000 in English or German language. We will provide a narrative synthesis of findings. Ethics and dissemination We will not collect primary data and only include secondary data derived from previously published studies. Therefore, ethical approval is not required. We intend to publish our findings in an international peer-reviewed journal and to present them at national and international conferences. KW - contextual characteristics KW - compositional characteristics KW - schools KW - health inequalities KW - childhood KW - adolescence KW - scoping review Y1 - 2020 UR - https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/10/12/e038999 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038999 SN - 2044-6055 VL - 10 IS - 12 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Matos Fialho, Paula M. A1 - Dragano, Nico A1 - Reuter, Marvin A1 - Deindl, Christian A1 - Schleberger, Sarah A1 - Metzendorf, Maria-Inti A1 - Hoffmann, Stephanie A1 - Diehl, Katharina A1 - Wachtler, Benjamin A1 - Schüttig, Wiebke A1 - Herke, Max A1 - Richter, Matthias A1 - Pischke, Claudia R. T1 - School-to-work and school-to-university transition and health inequalities among young adults: a scoping review T2 - BMJ Open N2 - Objectives The main objective was to systematically map evidence regarding the emergence of health inequalities in individuals aged 16–24 years during school-to-work and school-to-university transition (STWT). Second, we aimed to summarise the evidence on potential effects of contextual and compositional characteristics of specific institutional contexts entered during STWT on health and health behaviours. Design Scoping review. Study selection Relevant literature was systematically searched following the methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley. Ovid MEDLINE and Web of Science, and websites of the International Labour Organization and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health were searched, using a predetermined search strategy. Articles in English or German published between 1 January 2000 and 3 February 2020 were considered. Data extraction To collect the main information from the selected studies, a data extraction spreadsheet was created. Data were summarised and grouped into five health outcomes and five institutional contexts (school, vocational training, university, work, unemployment). Results A total of 678 articles were screened for inclusion. To be able to draw a picture of the development of various health outcomes over time, we focused on longitudinal studies. Forty-six prospective studies mapping health-related outcomes during STWT were identified. Higher family socioeconomic position (SEP) was associated with higher levels of health behaviour and lower levels of health-damaging behaviour, but there was also some evidence pointing in the opposite direction. Disadvantaged family SEP negatively impacted on mental health and predicted an adverse weight development. There was limited evidence for the outcomes physical/somatic symptoms and self-rated health. Meso-level characteristics of the institutional contexts identified were not systematically assessed, only individual-level factors resulting from an exposure to these contexts, rendering an analysis of effects of contextual and compositional characteristics on health and health behaviours impossible. Conclusions This scoping review demonstrated a wide range of health inequalities during STWT for various health outcomes. However, knowledge on the role of the core institutional contexts regarding the development of health inequalities is limited. KW - School-to-work transition KW - school-to-university transition KW - health inequalities KW - young adults KW - scoping review Y1 - 2022 UR - https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/12/7/e058273 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058273 SN - 2044-6055 VL - 12 IS - 7 SP - e058273 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Reuter, Marvin A1 - Pischke, Claudia R. A1 - Rigo, Mariann A1 - Diehl, Katharina A1 - Spallek, Jacob A1 - Richter, Matthias A1 - Hövener, Claudia A1 - Dragano, Nico T1 - Health inequalities among young workers: the mediating role of working conditions and company characteristics T2 - International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health N2 - Objective Few studies have investigated health inequalities among young workers. The objectives of this study are to assess the extent of health inequalities in a sample of job starters and to explore the contribution of job demands and organisational factors. Methods We analyze data from the BIBB/BAuA Youth Employment Survey 2012. The cross-sectional survey includes a representative sample of 3214 German employees, apprentices, and trainees aged 15–24 years. Individuals were grouped by their years of schooling into low (< 12 years) and high levels of education (≥ 12 years). Regression analysis estimated the link between education and four health outcomes: self-rated health, number of health events, musculoskeletal symptoms, and mental health problems over the last 12 months. Counterfactual mediation analysis tested for indirect effects of education via working conditions (i.e., physical and psychosocial job demands) and company characteristics (i.e., company size, health prevention measures, financial situation, downsizing). All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, nationality, region, working hours, job tenure, employment relationship, and economic sector. Results Highly educated workers reported better self-rated health (b = 0.24, 95% CI 0.18–0.31) and lower numbers of health events (Rate Ratio (RR) = 0.74, 95% CI 0.67–0.82), musculoskeletal symptoms (RR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.66–0.80) and mental health problems (RR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.76–0.93). Total job demands explained between 21.6% and 87.2% of the educational differences (depending on health outcome). Unfavourable company characteristics were associated with worse health, but showed no or only small mediation effects. Conclusions Health inequalities are already present at the early working career due to socio-economically stratified working hazards. To enhance prevention measures that aim at reducing inequalities in workplace health, we propose shifting attention towards earlier stages of life. KW - Company leve Young workers KW - Health inequalities KW - Job demands KW - Mediation KW - Socio-economic position KW - Young workers Y1 - 2023 UR - https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00420-023-02010-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-023-02010-6 SN - 1432-1246 VL - 96 IS - 10 SP - 1313 EP - 1324 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bammert, Philip A1 - Schüttig, Wiebke A1 - Iashchenko, Iryna A1 - Spallek, Jacob A1 - Rattay, Petra A1 - Schneider, Sven A1 - Richter, Matthias A1 - Pischke, Claudia R. A1 - Dragano, Nico A1 - Sundmacher, Leonie T1 - The role of sociodemographic, psychosocial, and behavioral factors in the use of preventive healthcare services in children and adolescents: results of the KiGGS Wave 2 study T2 - BMC Pediatrics N2 - Background: In Germany, various preventive services are offered to children and adolescents. These include regular standardized examinations (so called U/J examinations) and several vaccinations. Although strongly recommended, most of them are not mandatory. Our aim is to identify factors associated with the use of U/J examinations and vaccination against diphtheria, hepatitis B, Hib, pertussis, polio, and tetanus. While previous research has focused on sociodemographic factors, we also include socioeconomic, behavioral, and psychosocial factors. Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data from 15,023 participants (aged 0-17 years) of the nationwide representative KiGGS Wave 2 Survey. Participation in U/J examinations was assessed using a questionnaire, filled out by participants and/or their parents. Information on vaccination status was drawn from the participants' vaccination booklets. To identify relevant determinants for the use of preventive examinations and vaccinations, unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models were employed with up to 16 different independent variables. Results: Various independent variables showed an association with the use of preventive services. Higher socioeconomic status, absence of migration background, and lower household size were associated with significantly higher utilization of U examinations. Parents' marital status, area of residence, behavioral and psychosocial factors yielded insignificant results for most U/J examinations. Higher vaccination rates were found for children with no migration background, with residence in eastern Germany, lower household size, and with married parents. Conclusion: This study attempted to depict the influence of sociodemographic, psychosocial, and behavioral factors on the use of several preventive services. Our results indicate that predominantly sociodemographic variables influence the use of preventive services. Further efforts should be made to investigate the interplay of different determinants of healthcare use in children and adolescents. KW - Healthcare use KW - Inequity KW - Pediatrics KW - Prevention KW - Vaccination Y1 - 2024 UR - https://bmcpediatr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12887-024-04650-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-024-04650-0 SN - 1471-2431 VL - 24 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Reuter, Marvin A1 - Herke, Max A1 - Richter, Matthias A1 - Diehl, Katharina A1 - Hoffmann, Stephanie A1 - Pischke, Claudia R. A1 - Dragano, Nico T1 - Young people’s health and well-being during the school-to-work transition: a prospective cohort study comparing post-secondary pathways T2 - BMC Public Health N2 - Background: At the end of secondary education, young people can either start vocational training, enter university, directly transition to employment or become unemployed. Research assumes that post-secondary pathways have immediate and/or long-term impacts on health and well-being, but empirical investigations on this are scarce and restricted to few countries. Therefore, this study traced the development of health and well-being throughout the highly institutionalised school-to-work transition (STWT) in Germany. Methods: We used longitudinal data of the National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), a representative sample of 11,098 school-leavers (50.5% girls) repeatedly interviewed between 2011 and 2020. We estimated the effect of post-secondary transitions on self-rated health and subjective well-being by applying fixed-effects (FE) regression, elimi-nating bias resulting from time-constant confounding and self-selection into different pathways. A multiple-sample strategy was used to account for the increasing diversity of STWTs patterns. Models were controlled for age, as well as household and residential changes to minimise temporal heterogeneity. Results: Findings indicate that leaving school was good for health and well-being. Compared with participants who did not find a training position after school, direct transitions to vocational training or university were linked to higher absolute levels of health and well-being, but also to a lower relative decline over time. Furthermore, upward transi-tions (e.g. to programs leading to better education or from unemployment to employment) were associated with improvements in health and well-being, while downward transitions were followed by deteriorations. Conclusion: Findings suggest that school-leave is a sensitive period and that post-secondary pathways provide young people with different abilities to maintain health and well-being. Youth health interventions might benefit when setting a stronger focus on unsuccessful school-leavers. KW - School-to-work transition KW - Institutional context KW - Vocational training KW - Apprenticeship KW - University KW - Prevocational preparation KW - Self-rated health KW - Subjective well-being KW - National Educational Panel Study KW - NEPS Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14227-0 SN - 1471-2458 VL - 22 SP - 1 EP - 13 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Novelli, Anna A1 - Schüttig, Wiebke A1 - Spallek, Jacob A1 - Wachtler, Benjamin A1 - Diehl, Katharina A1 - Moor, Irene A1 - Richter, Matthias A1 - Dragano, Nico A1 - Sundmacher, Leonie T1 - Correlation of mesolevel characteristics of the healthcare system and socioeconomic inequality in healthcare use: a scoping review protocol T2 - BMJ Open N2 - Introduction Although the impact of macrolevel characteristics of health systems on socioeconomic inequity in health has been studied extensively, the impact of access characteristics on a smaller scale of health systems has received less attention. These mesolevel characteristics can influence access to healthcare and might have the potential to moderate or aggravate socioeconomic inequity in healthcare use. This scoping review aims to map the existing evidence of the association of socioeconomic inequity in healthcare use and mesolevel access characteristics of the health system. Methods and analysis In conducting the scoping review, we follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols Extension for Scoping Reviews. The search will be carried out in four scientific databases: MEDLINE (via PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus and PsycINFO. Main eligibility criteria are inclusion in the analysis of a measure of socioeconomic position, a measure of individual healthcare use and a mesolevel determinant of access to healthcare services. The selection process consists of two consecutive screening stages (first: title/abstract; second: full text). At both stages, two reviewers independently assess the eligibility of studies. In case of disagreement, a third reviewer will be involved. Cohen’s kappa will be calculated to report inter-rater agreement between reviewers. Results are synthesised narratively, as a high heterogeneity of studies is expected. Ethics and dissemination No primary data are collected for the presented scoping review. Therefore, ethical approval is not necessary. The scoping review will be published in an international peer-reviewed journal, and findings will be presented on national and international conferences. KW - mesolevel characteristics KW - healthcare KW - inequality KW - scoping review Y1 - 2021 UR - https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/11/2/e044301.info U6 - https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044301 SN - 2044-6055 VL - 11 IS - 2 ER -