TY - CHAP A1 - Ulrich, Rainer G. A1 - Schlegel, Matthias A1 - Mertens, Marc A1 - Groschup, Martin H. A1 - Schmidt-Chanasit, Jonas A1 - Plenge-Bönig, Anita A1 - Jacob, Jens A1 - Pelz, Hans-Joachim A1 - Freise, Jona A1 - Wenk, Matthias A1 - Thiel, Jörg A1 - Triebenbacher, Cornelia A1 - Schmolz, Eric A1 - Kurth, Andreas A1 - Krüger, Frank A1 - Rühe, Ferdinand A1 - Kiffner, Christian A1 - Ansorge, Hermann A1 - Gerwin, Werner A1 - Wegener, Wolfgang A1 - Müller, Jörg A1 - Bemmann, Margit A1 - Wolf, Ronny A1 - Otto, Lutz-Florian A1 - Oehme, Rainer A1 - Pfeffer, Martin A1 - Heckel, Gerald A1 - Schex, Susanne A1 - Essbauer, Sandra S. T1 - Netzwerk Nagetier-übertragene Pathogene: Monitoring von Hantavirus-Infektionen in Deutschland T2 - Wildhygiene, Wildtierkrankheiten, Parasiten, Epidemiologie Y1 - 2009 SN - 978-378-88131-2-3 SN - 1436-3895 SP - 229 EP - 250 PB - Ges. für Wildtier- und Jagdforschung CY - Halle/Saale ER - TY - GEN A1 - Städter, Matthias A1 - Müller, Klaus A1 - Rachow, Fabian A1 - Richter, Matthias A1 - Schmeißer, Dieter T1 - Ambient pressure thermal desorption spectroscopy (AP-TDS) of NiO/SiO2 catalysts T2 - Environmental Earth Sciences N2 - The Sabatier reaction is a key process in the "power-to-gas" application which is considered to con-tribute to future chemical energy storage systems. In this contribution we focus on the catalytic active sites of a NiO catalyst supported on SiO2(NiO/SiO2) which is commonly used in the Sabatier reaction. A novel technique for the characterization of the active sites is presented and dis-cussed using thermal desorption spectroscopy at ambient pressure. This analytical tool is operated under reaction conditions and allows element specific measurements during the catalytic process of CO2 reforming towards methane. Beside the desorption experiments, XPS and XAS measurements of pristine and catalytically used samples are performed to determine the influence of the Sabatier reaction conditions on the surface structure of the catalyst. KW - CO2 KW - NiO KW - TDS KW - XAS KW - XPS Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-013-2835-8 SN - 1866-6280 VL - 70 IS - 8 SP - 3779 EP - 3784 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schreiber, Matthias A1 - Krautz, Hans Joachim A1 - Müller, R. T1 - Entwicklung einer Software zur verfahrenstechnischen Auslegung von Bioverbundstandorten Y1 - 2008 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Richter, Matthias A1 - Friedrich, Daniel A1 - Philip, Shine A1 - Paloumpa, Ioanna A1 - Müller, Klaus A1 - Schmeißer, Dieter T1 - Study of P3HT/PCBM based films by NEXAFS T2 - Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft, Reihe 6, Bd. 45 N2 - In this contribution we report on investigations of the electronic structure and composition of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) based films by using Near Edge X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS). The measurements were done at the U49/2-PGM2 beam line of BESSY II, Berlin using TEY (total electron yield) and TFY (total fluorescence yield) detection. The samples were produced by spin casting a mixture of P3HT (dissolved in chloroform) and PCBM (dissolved in chlorobenzene) on ITO (indium tin oxide) coated glass slides. Measurements of pure P3HT and PCBM show all typical excitations, whereas the blended system is a weighted superposition of the related peaks. Analyzing these weighted superposition, we observe in the surface sensitive TEY data an accumulation of P3HT, whereas in the bulk sensitive TFY signal an as expected mixture is found. We also show angular dependent NEXAFS measurements of the P3HT/PCBM blend in order to measure the orientation and distribution of the P3HT polymer. Additionally, we will show a new approach for organic solar cell application by introducing ferroelectric nanoparticles into the mixture. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www.dpg-verhandlungen.de/year/2010/conference/regensburg/part/df/session/7/contribution/4 SN - 0420-0195 SP - S. 194 PB - Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft CY - Bad Honnef ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hannaske, Carolin A1 - Rich, Beatrice Monique A1 - Müller, Matthias A1 - Woll, Ralf T1 - Deutsch-chinesiche Zusammenarbeit: Kulturelle Eigenarten machen den Unterschied in der Kommunikation T2 - Qualität und Zuverlässigkeit : QZ KW - Kommunikation, China, Deutschland, Kultur Y1 - 2019 SN - 0720-1214 SN - 0033-5126 VL - 64 IS - 11 SP - 12 EP - 14 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wägele, J. Wolfgang A1 - Bodesheim, Paul A1 - Bourlat, Sarah J. A1 - Denzler, Joachim A1 - Diepenbroek, Michael A1 - Fonseca, Vera A1 - Frommolt, Karl-Heinz A1 - Geiger, Matthias F. A1 - Gemeinholzer, Birgit A1 - Glöckner, Frank Oliver A1 - Haucke, Timm A1 - Kirse, Ameli A1 - Kölpin, Alexander A1 - Kostadinov, Ivaylo A1 - Kühl, Hjalmar S. A1 - Kurth, Frank A1 - Lasseck, Mario A1 - Liedke, Sascha A1 - Losch, Florian A1 - Müller, Sandra A1 - Petrovskaya, Natalia A1 - Piotrowski, Krzysztof A1 - Radig, Bernd A1 - Scherber, Christoph A1 - Schoppmann, Lukas A1 - Schulz, Jan A1 - Steinhage, Volker A1 - Tschan, Georg F. A1 - Vautz, Wolfgang A1 - Velotto, Domenico A1 - Weigend, Maximilian A1 - Wildermann, Stefan T1 - Towards a Multisensor Station for Automated Biodiversity Monitoring T2 - Basic and Applied Ecology Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2022.01.003 SN - 1439-1791 VL - 59 SP - 105 EP - 138 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Dorp, Dennis H. von A1 - Nyns, Laura A1 - Cuypers, Daniel A1 - Ivanov, Tsvetan A1 - Brizzi, Simone A1 - Tallarida, Massimo A1 - Fleischmann, Claudia A1 - Hönicke, Philipp A1 - Müller, Matthias A1 - Richard, Olivier A1 - Schmeißer, Dieter A1 - De Gendt, Stefan A1 - Lin, Dennis H. C. A1 - Adelmann, Christoph T1 - Amorphous Gadolinium Aluminate as a Dielectric and Sulfur for Indium Phosphide Passivation T2 - ACS Applied Electronic Materials N2 - The passivation of n-type InP (100) using sulfur in combination with a gadolinium aluminate (GAO) dielectric layer has been studied. Photoluminescence, minority-carrier lifetime, and capacitance−voltage measurements indicate that a (NH4)2S vapor passivation step prior to atomic layer deposition of the oxide effectively lowers the interface state density. Surface and interface chemistry were studied by synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy (SRPES). The effect of ex situ surface passivation after native oxide removal in HCl solution was examined. It was observed that surface reoxidation occurred during (NH4)2S vapor exposure, leading to the formation of Inx(HPO4)y. S was present on the surface as a sulfide in both surface and subsurface sites. After atomic layer deposition of GAO, sulfates were detected in addition to Inx(HPO4)y, which was confirmed by near-edge X-ray absorptionfine structure analysis. The S in the stack was quantified using reference-free grazing incidence X-rayfluorescence analysis. X-ray absorption spectroscopy showed that Gd was oxidized and present in the 3+ oxidation state, most likely as a phosphate close to the InP interface and possibly mixed with sulfates. Energy-dependent SRPES measurements of Al 2p and Gd 4d core levels, complemented by transmission electron microscopy, further suggest that the dielectric layer was segregated. Valence band measurements confirm the effective passivation of InP, indicating unpinning of the surface Fermi level. KW - III−V KW - InP KW - sulfur passivation KW - atomic layer deposition KW - gadolinium aluminate KW - rare earth oxide KW - dielectric Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.9b00388 SN - 2637-6113 VL - 1 IS - 11 SP - 2190 EP - 2201 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Cuypers, Daniel A1 - Fleischmann, Claudia A1 - Dorp, Dennis H. von A1 - Brizzi, Simone A1 - Tallarida, Massimo A1 - Müller, Matthias A1 - Hönicke, Philipp A1 - Billen, Arne A1 - Chintala, Ravi A1 - Conard, Thierry A1 - Schmeißer, Dieter A1 - Vandervorst, Wilfried A1 - Elshocht, Sven van A1 - Armini, Silvia A1 - De Gendt, Stefan A1 - Adelmann, Christoph T1 - Sacrificial Self-Assembled Monolayers for the Passivation of GaAs(100) Surfaces and Interfaces T2 - Chemistry of Materials N2 - The use of sacrificial self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) to prepare clean n-type GaAs (100) surfaces without band bending in vacuo is demonstrated. GaAs surface passivation using octadecanethiol SAMs after HCl cleaning is shown to lead to an enhancement of the room-temperature photoluminescence intensity. Synchrotron-radiation photoelectron spectroscopy (SRPES) finds that the interfacial oxide between GaAs and the SAM remains below the detection limit. Evidence for both Ga–S and As–S bonds at the GaAs–thiolate interface is found. The limited thermal stability of the SAM allows the desorption of the alkyl chains by in situ thermal annealing at temperatures above 180 °C, leaving S bonded to Ga behind. The resulting surface contains only a very small amount of O (0.05 ML coverage) and C (about 3% of the SAM remaining) and shows no band bending with the surface Fermi level close to the conduction band. Atomic layer deposition of Al₂O₃ on this surface occurs via the formation of Al–S bonds without introducing any additional band bending. This indicates that the surface preparation of n-type GaAs (100) using sacrificial octadecanethiol SAMs followed by in situ thermal removal provides a route toward GaAs/oxide interfaces without interfacial oxides and without band bending. KW - GaAs KW - passivation KW - Al₂O₃ KW - atomic layer deposition (ALD) KW - Synchrotron-radiation photoelectron spectroscopy (SRPES) KW - self assembled monolayers (SAM) KW - interface engineering Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b01732 SN - 0897-4756 SN - 1520-5002 VL - 28 IS - 16 SP - 5689 EP - 5701 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Müller, Klaus A1 - Städter, Matthias A1 - Rachow, Fabian A1 - Hoffmannbeck, David A1 - Schmeißer, Dieter T1 - Sabatier-based CO2-methanation by catalytic conversion T2 - Environmental Earth Sciences N2 - The catalytic conversion of CO2is an important component for the reintegration of secondary products like CO2 or H2 into the energy supply. An example is the "power to gas’" concept with a conversion of CO2 into CH4. The CO2 is transferred into a carrier of chemical energy, with the possibility to feed the produced CH4 into the existing network of natural gas. At temperatures of around 350 °C, hydrogenation of CO2 to CH4 is possible by the Sabatier reaction CO2+4H2->CH4+H2O. One prerequisite for efficient kinetics of the Sabatier reaction is the application and optimization of catalysts. The focus of catalyst development is given to their performance under the conditions to be expected in the special application. As a part of the project Geoenergy-Research (GeoEn), we address questions related to the catalytic utilization of CO2 produced in the course of the oxyfuel combustion of lignite. In this contribution, we report on the experimental setup in laboratory scale, which enables an advanced characterization of the catalytic performance, including thermodesorption measurements at atmospheric pressure in order to determine the amount of adsorbed CO2 under real conditions. We also show data for activation energies, the catalytic performance as function of temperature and the long time stability of a commercial Ru-based catalyst. KW - CO2 KW - Sabatier reaction KW - Catalysis KW - RuO2 Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-013-2609-3 SN - 1866-6280 VL - 70 IS - 8 SP - 3771 EP - 3778 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Müller, Klaus A1 - Richter, Matthias A1 - Philip, Shine A1 - Kunst, Manuel A1 - Schmeißer, Dieter T1 - Excited states in P3HT and P3HT/PCBM blends T2 - BioNanoScience Y1 - 2012 SN - 2191-1630 VL - 2 IS - 1 SP - 42 EP - 51 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Müller, Klaus A1 - Richter, Matthias A1 - Friedrich, Daniel A1 - Paloumpa, Ioanna A1 - Kramm, Ulrike Ingrid A1 - Schmeißer, Dieter T1 - Spectroscopic characterization of Cobalt–Phthalocyanine electrocatalysts for fuel cell applications T2 - Solid State Ionics N2 - For polymer–electrolyte–membrane fuel cells (PEM-FC), platinumcatalysts on carbon based substrates are state of the art, due to high electrochemical activity and chemical stability in acid electrolytes. High costs of platinum force investigations of alternative catalysts. With respect to the oxygen reduction reaction, possible candidates are transition metal (TM) complexes like TM-porphyrines or TM-phthalocyanines. Pyrolysis on carbon based substrates improves the catalytic activity. Highest activities were found for Fe or Co as transition metal centers. We present results of the pyrolysis of Co-phthalocyanine (CoPc) on carbon black. Besides an investigation of morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and chemical composition by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) during pyrolysis, we present a near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) study of the chemical composition for the related annealing steps. This investigation is accompanied by an electrochemical characterization of the catalytic activity and selectivity. The XPS and NEXAFS data indicate a decomposition of the CoN4(chelate-) complex during pyrolysis. The N1s data for 800 °C show graphite-like, formally pyrrolic and pyridinic like features, without any significant contri-bution of Co. The Co2p data for both, XPS and NEXAFS are dominated by CoO/Co2O3. It can be concluded that during the pyrolysis cobalt particles are formed by the disintegration of CoN4-centers, after pyrolysis these par-ticles become oxidized upon contact with air. KW - Co-phthalocyanine KW - Catalysis KW - Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) KW - XPS KW - NEXAFS Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2011.12.013 SN - 1872-7689 IS - 216 SP - 78 EP - 82 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Müller, Klaus A1 - Hoffmannbeck, David A1 - Kirner, Georg A1 - Städter, Matthias A1 - Schmeißer, Dieter T1 - CO2-Methanation by Catalytic Conversion T2 - Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft N2 - The utilization of CO2 as raw material is an important component of a program for CO2 reduction. A possibility is the production of methane. At a moderate temperature of around 350°C, hydrogenation of CO2 to methane is possible by the Sabatier reaction CO2 + 4H2 ->CH4 +2H2O. Prerequisite for an efficient kinetics of the Sabatier reaction is the application and optimization of catalysts. In this contribution, we present investigations of Ru and Ni catalysts on different substrates. For Ru/Al2O3 catalysts, we found stable operation without degradation within 500 hours with a conversion rate of 80% at 350°C. For NiO/SiO2 catalysts, a conversion rate of 90% was found for temperatures of 350-405°C. We also show the investigation of cross sensitivities against SOx and NOx, which are typical contaminations of CO2, generated by the industrial oxyfuel process. In our work the morphology (REM, AFM, specific surface), chemical composition (FTIR, XPS) and phase composition (XRD) of the catalysts are characterized. In addition, we report on thermodesorption (TDS) measurements at atmospheric pressure to determine the amount of adsorbed CO2 under real conditions. The project is funded by the German Ministry of Research and Education (BMBF-GeoEn). Y1 - 2012 UR - http://www.dpg-verhandlungen.de/year/2012/conference/berlin/part/ds/session/37/contribution/45 SN - 0420-0195 PB - Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft CY - Bad Honnef ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Philip, Shine A1 - Müller, Klaus A1 - Richter, Matthias A1 - Kunst, Marinus A1 - Schmeißer, Dieter T1 - Study of excited states and a model for exciton-polaron interaction in P3HT T2 - Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft, Reihe 6, Bd. 47 N2 - Organic semiconductors efficiently harvest light in the region of the solar spectrum due to a high absorption/extinction coefficient.In our work we study the electronic structure and the charge carrier dynamics of polymeric organic semiconductor regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophen-2,5-diyl) (P3HT), an ideal p-type semiconductor and a widely used conjugated polymer, and blends with the fullerene derivative phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), an electron acceptor material. The study was done with the help of time resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC) for contactless investigation of bulk carrier dynamics, optical spectroscopy, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy(UPS) and high resolution X-ray absorption spectroscopy(XAS) which investigates excited states of rr-P3HT. From the data obtained we could infer the positions of the valence and conduction band, the existence of two excitons as well as the co-existence of one dimensional and two dimensional polarons. Based on our spectroscopic data we propose a model in which the scattering of virtual polarons and excitons are shown to create mobile polaronic charge carriers. Y1 - 2012 UR - http://www.dpg-verhandlungen.de/year/2012/conference/berlin/part/ds/session/44/contribution/31 SN - 0420-0195 PB - Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft CY - Bad Honnef ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mbua, Roy A1 - Müller, Klaus A1 - Richter, Matthias A1 - Henkel, Karsten A1 - Paloumpa, Ioanna A1 - Schmeißer, Dieter A1 - Kramm, Ulricke T1 - Investigation of new Catalysts for PEM Fuel Cells T2 - Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft, Reihe 6, Bd. 46 N2 - Increasing green house emissions amplify global warming concerns worldwide. Fuel cells, based on polymer electrolyte membranes (PEM) are part of the solution to this issue. We aim at developing and testing new catalysts for fuel cells. Platinum catalysts perform best in PEM fuel cells to date but they are very expensive. For fuel cells to be perfectly applicable and economically affordable, an alternative catalyst with similar or even greater efficiency should be developed. Metal phthalocyanines are known to be good oxygen reduction catalysts and are associated with high electron transfer properties. We investigated Cobalt Phthalocyanine in its pure state mixed with Carbon Black (CoPc:Carbon Black=1:9) untreated and also after a treatment in N2 at several temperatures, up to 1000°C for 30 minutes. Results of XPS and EDX analyses reveal that the treatment at higher temperatures causes a rearrangement in the chemical states of Co, N and C atoms. Furthermore, results of cycling voltammetry (CV) analysis reveal that CoPc treated in N2 at 800°C exhibited a higher current density, in conclusion, a higher catalytic activity than the untreated CoPc. Y1 - 2011 UR - http://www.dpg-verhandlungen.de/year/2011/conference/dresden/part/o/session/60/contribution/119 SN - 0420-0195 SP - S. 483 PB - Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft CY - Bad Honnef ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Philip, Shine A1 - Richter, Matthias A1 - Friedrich, Daniel A1 - Paloumpa, Ioanna A1 - Müller, Klaus A1 - Schmeißer, Dieter T1 - Spectroscopic investigations of P3HT/PCBM films for organic BHJ solar cells T2 - Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft, Reihe 6, Bd. 45 N2 - Investigations of the electronic structure and composition of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) based films using Near Edge X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS) are presented. The measurements were performed at the U49/2-PGM2 beam line of BESSY II, Berlin recording TEY (total electron yield) and TFY (total fluorescence yield) data. Samples prepared by spin coating a mixture of P3HT dissolved in chloroform and PCBM dissolved in chlorobenzene onto ITO (indium tin oxide) coated glass slides were analyzed. Upon measuring the pure P3HT and PCBM, all reported excitations were observed, whereas the blended system is a weighted superposition of the related peaks. Analyzing the data we calculate the composition of the mixture. We also show angular dependent NEXAFS measurements of the P3HT/PCBM blend in order to measure the orientation and distribution of the P3HT polymer. Additionally, we show a new approach for organic solar cell application. BaTiO3 nanoparticles were incorporated as nanodispersion into the donor-acceptor blend or the ferroelectric copolymer poly(vinylidene fluoride trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) was spincoated as an ultrathin film below the blend. Y1 - 2010 SN - 0420-0195 SP - S. 153 PB - Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft CY - Bad Honnef ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kachel, Krzysztof A1 - Richter, Matthias A1 - Philip, Shine A1 - Paloumpa, Ioanna A1 - Müller, Klaus A1 - Schmeißer, Dieter T1 - Performance of organic solar cells with a ferroelectric component T2 - Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft, Reihe 6, Bd. 45 N2 - Charge dissociation and recombination are important factors for the efficiency of organic solar cells, even in blended systems of different polymers. As a new approach, the influence of additional blended ferroelectric nanoparticles on the solar cell performance is investigated. The ferroelectric dipole of the nanoparticle causes a local field, which could lead to a longer recombination time of the polaron pairs. As solar cell system we use bulk heterojunction cells or bilayer structures based on regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as the donor and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as the acceptor molecule. As ferroelectric additive we use the ferroelectric copolymer poly(vinylidene fluoride trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) or BaTiO3. The copolymer is spincoated as ultrathin film of 20nm, whereas the BaTiO3 is incorporated as nanodispersion into the donor-acceptor blend. We present the solar cell parameters for the different geometries and ferroelectric materials as a function of ferroelectric content and of the alignment of the ferroelectric dipoles after application of an external electric field. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www.dpg-verhandlungen.de/year/2010/conference/regensburg/part/cpp/session/27/contribution/6 SN - 0420-0195 SP - S. 153 PB - Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft CY - Bad Honnef ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Richter, Matthias A1 - Müller, Klaus A1 - Philip, Shine A1 - Paloumpa, Ioanna A1 - Henkel, Karsten A1 - Schmeißer, Dieter T1 - Temperature dependence of organic solar cell parameters T2 - Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft ; Reihe 6, Bd. 44 N2 - The influence of an annealing step on the parameters of bulk heterojunction organic solar cells is investigated. In order to fabricate the solar cells we use glass coated with ITO (Indiumtinoxide) as a substrate on which the active layer consisting of P3HT and PCBM is spincoated. Al-electrodes are evaporated on top of the active layer. We use PEDOT:PSS as buffer layer. Each sample is annealed at different temperatures for a short time. Between every temperature step the I-V characteristic of the cell is measured. The following parameters are derived afterwards: FF, Isc (density), Voc. Also the efficiency is estimated. The results show a maximum cell efficiency for drying at 100°C for 20sec. A further important step for preparation is the drying procedure of the PEDOT:PSS layer. Here an improvement of about 50% in cell efficiency is measured after drying at 50°C for 5 days under inert gas atmosphere. Y1 - 2009 UR - http://www.dpg-verhandlungen.de/year/2009/conference/dresden/part/syop/session/4/contribution/2 SN - 0420-0195 SP - S. 671 PB - Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft CY - Bad Honnef ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kleber, Arno A1 - Terhorst, Birgit A1 - Hülle, Daniela A1 - Leopold, Matthias A1 - Müller, S. A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Sauer, Daniela A1 - Scholten, Thomas A1 - Dietze, Michael A1 - Felix-Henningsen, Peter A1 - Heinrich, J. A1 - Spies, E. D. A1 - Thiemeyer, H. ED - Kleber, Arno ED - Terhorst, Birgit T1 - Subdued Mountains of Central Europe T2 - Mid-Latitude Slope Deposits (Cover Beds) N2 - Slope deposits, which veil entire slopes or large parts of them in a rather uniform manner (cover beds), are ubiquitous in the subdued mountains of Central Europe. Here we provide an overview of the current state of knowledge on these deposits. The Central European cover beds are divided into (1) the upper layer that is ubiquitously distributed and displays a relatively constant thickness; (2) the intermediate layer the distribution of which is mainly restricted to flat relief, to slope depressions, and to lee-ward facing slopes; and (3) the basal layer, which is rather widespread again. Both the upper and intermediate layer contain intermixed loess, whereas the basal layer is free of loess and typically has a high bulk density. Aside from the loess content, the composition of the layers differs, reflecting varying portions of crushed and chemically weathered rock allocated from up-slope. This causes notable diversity depending on bedrock and, thus, induces remarkable regional differences. Cover beds were mainly formed by periglacial gelifluction. The upper layer formed in the Late Glacial possibly during several short episodes of activity. In contrast, the underlying layers may be diachronous; nevertheless, they display recurring vertical sequences. This is probably due to the fact that loess-free layers usually could not deposit as long as there was loess in the environs, which may have been inherited from older deposits. Thus, the last phase of surface wash, during which older loess was removed, determines the age of the lower layers. Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-0-444-53118-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-53118-6.00002-7 SP - 9 EP - 93 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schob, Daniela A1 - Sagradov, Ilja A1 - Roszak, Robert A1 - Sparr, Holger A1 - Franke, Rainer A1 - Ziegenhorn, Matthias A1 - Kupsch, Andreas A1 - Leonard, Fabien A1 - Müller, Bernd R. A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - Experimental determination and numerical simulation of material and damage behaviour of 3d printed polyamide 12 under cyclic loading T2 - Engineering Fracture Mechanics N2 - The material and damage behaviour of additively manufactured polyamide 12 under cyclic loading was characterized by cyclic tests and microstructure analysis by using microscopy, X-ray refraction, and computed tomography. The results were used to determine parameters for the viscoplastic material model by Chaboche and a damage model by Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman. The temperature was monitored during the experiments and the self-heating effect was observed. By including this effect, a higher accuracy could be achieved with the results of mechanical experiments. KW - 3D printing Polyamide 12 KW - Chaboche model KW - GTN model KW - Material and damage behaviour KW - X-ray refraction KW - computed tomography Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2019.106841 SN - 0013-7944 VL - 229 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gotsch, Matthias A1 - Hipp, Christiane A1 - Lerngau, M. A1 - Müller, G. A1 - Reuter, N. A1 - Saam, M. A1 - Weber, Lars T1 - Mikro- und Makroökonomische Aspekte der Dienstleistungsproduktivität - State of the Art Y1 - 2011 ER -