TY - GEN A1 - Fernandes dos Santos, Fernando A1 - Brandalero, Marcelo A1 - Rech Junior, Rubens Luiz A1 - Hübner, Michael A1 - Rech, Paolo A1 - Sullivan, Michael A1 - Martins Basso, Pedro A1 - Carro, Luigi T1 - Reduced Precision DWC: an Efficient Hardening Strategy for Mixed-Precision Architectures T2 - IEEE Transactions on Computers N2 - Duplication with Comparison (DWC) is an effective software-level solution to improve the reliability of computing devices. However, it introduces significant performance and energy consumption overheads that could render the protected application unsuitable for high-performance computing or real-time safety-critical applications. Modern computing architectures offer the possibility to execute operations in various precisions, and recent NVIDIA GPUs even feature dedicated functional units for computing with programmable accuracy. In this work, we propose Reduced-Precision Duplication with Comparison (RP-DWC) as a means to leverage the available mixed-precision hardware resources to implement software-level fault detection with reduced overheads. We discuss the benefits and challenges associated with RP-DWC and show that the intrinsic difference between the mixed-precision copies allows for the detection of most, but not all, errors. However, as the undetected faults are the ones that fall into the difference between precisions, they are the ones that produce a much smaller impact in the application output. We investigate, through fault injection and beam experiment campaigns, using three microbenchmarks and two real applications on Volta GPUs, RP-DWC impact into fault detection, performance, and energy consumption. We show that RP-DWC achieves an excellent coverage (up to 86%) with minimal overheads (0.1% time and 24% energy consumption overhead). Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2021.3058872 SN - 0018-9340 VL - 71(2022) IS - 3 SP - 573 EP - 586 ER -