TY - CHAP A1 - Strangfeld, Matthias A1 - Bölük, Oguzhan A1 - Szabo, Peter A1 - Meier, Martin A1 - Meyer, Antoine A1 - Sliavin, Yaraslau A1 - Motuz, Vasyl A1 - Egbers, Christoph T1 - Thermo-electrohydrodynamic convection in a dielectric fluid layer with volumetric heating T2 - GALA-Fachtagung "Experimentelle Strömungsmechanik", 6.- 8. September 2022, Ilmenau Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363615870_Thermo-electrohydrodynamic_convection_in_a_dielectric_fluid_layer_with_volumetric_heating SP - 43.1 EP - 43.8 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Neyret, Margot A1 - Le Provost, Gaëtane A1 - Boesing, Andrea Larissa A1 - Schneider, Florian D. A1 - Baulechner, Dennis A1 - Bergmann, Joana A1 - Vries, Franciska T. de A1 - Fiore-Donno, Anna Maria A1 - Geisen, Stefan A1 - Goldmann, Kezia A1 - Merges, Anna A1 - Saifutdinov, Ruslan A. A1 - Simons, Nadja K. A1 - Tobias, Joseph A. A1 - Zaitsev, Andrey S. A1 - Gossner, Martin M. A1 - Jung, Kirsten A1 - Kandeler, Ellen A1 - Krauss, Jochen A1 - Penone, Caterina A1 - Schloter, Michael A1 - Schulz, Stefanie A1 - Staab, Michael A1 - Wolters, Volkmar A1 - Apostolakis, Antonios A1 - Birkhofer, Klaus A1 - Boch, Steffen A1 - Boeddinghaus, Runa S. A1 - Bolliger, Ralph A1 - Bonkowski, Michael A1 - Buscot, François A1 - Dumack, Kenneth A1 - Fischer, Markus A1 - Gan, Huei Ying A1 - Heinze, Johannes A1 - Hölzel, Norbert A1 - John, Katharina A1 - Klaus, Valentin H. A1 - Kleinebecker, Till A1 - Marhan, Sven A1 - Müller, Jörg A1 - Renner, Swen C. A1 - Rillig, Matthias C. A1 - Schenk, Noëlle V. A1 - Schöning, Ingo A1 - Schrumpf, Marion A1 - Seibold, Sebastian A1 - Socher, Stephanie A. A1 - Solly, Emily F. A1 - Teuscher, Miriam A1 - Kleunen, Mark van A1 - Wubet, Tesfaye A1 - Manning, Peter T1 - A slow-fast trait continuum at the whole community level in relation to land-use intensification T2 - Nature Communications N2 - AbstractOrganismal functional strategies form a continuum from slow- to fast-growing organisms, in response to common drivers such as resource availability and disturbance. However, whether there is synchronisation of these strategies at the entire community level is unclear. Here, we combine trait data for 2800 above- and belowground taxa from 14 trophic guilds spanning a disturbance and resource availability gradient in German grasslands. The results indicate that most guilds consistently respond to these drivers through both direct and trophically mediated effects, resulting in a ‘slow-fast’ axis at the level of the entire community. Using 15 indicators of carbon and nutrient fluxes, biomass production and decomposition, we also show that fast trait communities are associated with faster rates of ecosystem functioning. These findings demonstrate that ‘slow’ and ‘fast’ strategies can be manifested at the level of whole communities, opening new avenues of ecosystem-level functional classification. KW - General Physics and Astronomy KW - General Biochemistry KW - General Chemistry KW - Multidisciplinary KW - Genetics and Molecular Biology Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-45113-5 SN - 2041-1723 VL - 15 IS - 1 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Strobel, Carsten A1 - Alvarado Chavarin, Carlos A1 - Knaut, Martin A1 - Völkel, Sandra A1 - Albert, Matthias A1 - Hiess, Andre A1 - Max, Benjamin A1 - Wenger, Christian A1 - Kirchner, Robert A1 - Mikolajick, Thomas T1 - High Gain Graphene Based Hot Electron Transistor with Record High Saturated Output Current Density T2 - Advanced Electronic Materials N2 - Hot electron transistors (HETs) represent an exciting frontier in semiconductor technology, holding the promise of high-speed and high-frequency electronics. With the exploration of two-dimensional materials such as graphene and new device architectures, HETs are poised to revolutionize the landscape of modern electronics. This study highlights a novel HET structure with a record output current density of 800 A/cm² and a high current gain α, fabricated using a scalable fabrication approach. The HET structure comprises two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and graphene layers wet transferred to a germanium substrate. The combination of these materials results in exceptional performance, particularly in terms of the highly saturated output current density. The scalable fabrication scheme used to produce the HET opens up opportunities for large-scale manufacturing. This breakthrough in HET technology holds promise for advanced electronic applications, offering high current capabilities in a practical and manufacturable device. KW - Graphene KW - Transistor Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/aelm.202300624 SN - 2199-160X VL - 10 IS - 2 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Karnapke, Reinhardt A1 - Richter, Martin A1 - Werner, Matthias T1 - Virtualization in robot swarms: past, present, and future T2 - 2024 IEEE 21st Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC) N2 - Robot swarms have come a long way since the first mobile sensor/actuator networks. Since then, we have seen the rise of operating systems for robots and swarm operating systems that ease the use of robots, and especially of large swarms of them, a lot. Still, the description of a task is often not easy and best done by experts. In this paper we envision future swarm operating systems, where task descriptions take a form which can be realized by non-experts. We describe our idea of hugely increased virtualization in the swarm and how this can be used to realize the aforementioned vision. KW - Actuators KW - Runtime KW - Operating Systems KW - Soft Sensors KW - Robot Sensing Systems KW - User Experience KW - Planning KW - Virtualization KW - Heterogeneity KW - Swarm Robotics KW - Transparency KW - Motion Y1 - 2024 SN - 979-8-3503-0457-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/CCNC51664.2024.10454838 SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - IEEE ER - TY - GEN A1 - Radushev, Veselina A1 - Karkossa, Isabel A1 - Berg, Janina A1 - Bergen, Martin von A1 - Engelmann, Beatrice A1 - Rolle-Kampczyk, Ulrike A1 - Blüher, Matthias A1 - Wagner, Ulf A1 - Schubert, Kristin A1 - Rossol, Manuela T1 - Dysregulated cytokine and oxidative response in hyper-glycolytic monocytes in obesity T2 - Frontiers in Immunology N2 - Introduction: Obesity is associated with a plethora of health complications, including increased susceptibility to infections or decreased vaccine efficacy, partly due to dysregulated immune responses. Monocytes play a crucial role in innate immunity, yet their functional alterations in obesity remain poorly understood. Methods: Here, we employed proteomic and metabolomic analyses to investigate monocyte characteristics in individuals with overweight, obesity, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and type 2 diabetes (T2D), compared to lean donors. Results and discussion: Our results revealed distinct molecular signatures in monocytes from individuals with obesity, with significant alterations in pathways related to metabolism, cellular migration, and phagocytosis. Moreover, LPS-induced activation of monocytes unveiled heightened metabolic reprogramming towards glycolysis in subjects with obesity accompanied by dysregulated cytokine responses and elevated oxidative stress. Additionally, monocytes from donors with obesity exhibited increased lipid droplet accumulation. These findings shed light on the immunometabolic dysregulation underlying obesity-associated immune dysfunction, highlighting potential targets for therapeutic intervention. KW - monocytes KW - immunometabolism KW - respiratory burst KW - obesity KW - IL-8 Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1416543 SN - 1664-3224 VL - 15 PB - Frontiers Media S.A. ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kiene, Marvin A1 - Schott, Matthias A1 - Martin-Creuzburg, Dominik A1 - Laforsch, Christian T1 - Food quantity and quality modulates inducible defenses in a common predator–prey system T2 - Limnology and Oceanography KW - Zooplankton Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.12595 SN - 1939-5590 SN - 0024-3590 VL - 69 IS - 7 SP - 1546 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Strobel, Carsten A1 - Alvarado Chavarin, Carlos A1 - Knaut, Martin A1 - Albert, Matthias A1 - Heinzig, André A1 - Gummadi, Likhith A1 - Wenger, Christian A1 - Mikolajick, Thomas ED - Giannazzo, Filippo ED - Agnello, Simonpietro ED - Seravalli, Luca ED - Bondino, Federica T1 - p-Type Schottky contacts for graphene adjustable-Barrier phototransistors T2 - Nanomaterials N2 - The graphene adjustable-barriers phototransistor is an attractive novel device for potential high speed and high responsivity dual-band photodetection. In this device, graphene is embedded between the semiconductors silicon and germanium. Both n-type and p-type Schottky contacts between graphene and the semiconductors are required for this device. While n-type Schottky contacts are widely investigated, reports about p-type Schottky contacts between graphene and the two involved semiconductors are scarce. In this study, we demonstrate a p-type Schottky contact between graphene and p-germanium. A clear rectification with on–off ratios of close to 10 3 (±5 V) and a distinct photoresponse at telecommunication wavelengths in the infrared are achieved. Further, p-type silicon is transferred to or deposited on graphene, and we also observe rectification and photoresponse in the visible range for some of these p-type Schottky junctions. These results are an important step toward the realization of functional graphene adjustable-barrier phototransistors. KW - phototransistor KW - GABT KW - graphene KW - p-type KW - silicon KW - germanium KW - high responsivity KW - high speed KW - dual-band KW - photodetection Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14131140 SN - 2079-4991 VL - 14 IS - 13 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Raulien, Nora A1 - Friedrich, Kathleen A1 - Strobel, Sarah A1 - Raps, Stefanie A1 - Hecker, Friederike A1 - Pierer, Matthias A1 - Schilling, Erik A1 - Lainka, Elke A1 - Kallinich, Tilmann A1 - Baumann, Sven A1 - Fritz-Wallace, Katarina A1 - Rolle-Kampczyk, Ulrike A1 - Bergen, Martin von A1 - Aigner, Achim A1 - Ewe, Alexander A1 - Schett, Georg A1 - Cross, Michael A1 - Rossol, Manuela A1 - Wagner, Ulf T1 - Glucose-oxygen deprivation constrains HMGCR function and Rac1 prenylation and activates the NLRP3 inflammasome in human monocytes JF - Science Signaling N2 - Hypoxia and low glucose abundance often occur simultaneously at sites of inflammation. In monocytes and macrophages, glucose-oxygen deprivation stimulates the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome to generate the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β. We found that concomitant glucose deprivation and hypoxia activated the NLRP3 inflammasome by constraining the function of HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR), the rate-limiting enzyme of the mevalonate kinase pathway. HMGCR is involved in the synthesis of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP), which is required for the prenylation and lipid membrane integration of proteins. Under glucose-oxygen deprivation, GGPP synthesis was decreased, leading to reduced prenylation of the small GTPase Rac1, increased binding of nonprenylated Rac1 to the scaffolding protein IQGAP1, and enhanced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. In response to restricted oxygen and glucose supply, patient monocytes with a compromised mevalonate pathway due to mevalonate kinase deficiency or Muckle-Wells syndrome released more IL-1β than did control monocytes. Thus, reduced GGPP synthesis due to inhibition of HMGCR under glucose-oxygen deprivation results in proinflammatory innate responses, which are normally kept in check by the prenylation of Rac1. We suggest that this mechanism is also active in inflammatory autoimmune conditions. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.add8913 SN - 1945-0877 VL - 17 IS - 845 PB - American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ER - TY - GEN A1 - Strobel, Carsten A1 - Alvarado Chavarin, Carlos A1 - Völkel, Sandra A1 - Jahn, Andreas A1 - Hiess, Andre A1 - Knaut, Martin A1 - Albert, Matthias A1 - Wenger, Christian A1 - Steinke, Olaff A1 - Stephan, Ulf A1 - Röhlecke, Sören A1 - Mikolajick, Thomas T1 - Enhanced Electrical Properties of Optimized Vertical Graphene-Base Hot Electron Transistors T2 - ACS Applied Electronic Materials N2 - The arrival of high-mobility two-dimensional materials like graphene leads to the renaissance of former vertical semiconductor–metal–semiconductor (SMS) hot electron transistors. Because of the monolayer thickness of graphene, improved SMS transistors with a semimetallic graphene-base electrode are now feasible for high-frequency applications. In this study we report about a device that consists of amorphous silicon, graphene, and crystalline silicon. For the first time, this device is fabricated by a four-mask lithography process which leads to significant improvements in the device performance. A strongly increased common-emitter current gain of 2% could be achieved while the on–off ratio improved to 1.6 × 105, which is already higher than predicted theoretically. This could be mainly attributed to better interface characteristics and decreased lateral dimensions of the devices. A cutoff frequency of approximately 26 MHz could be forecasted based on the DC measurements of the device. KW - Graphene KW - Transistor Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.2c01725 SN - 2637-6113 VL - 5 IS - 3 SP - 1670 EP - 1675 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Henk, Martin A1 - Schymura, Matthias A1 - Xue, Fei T1 - Packing minima and lattice points in convex bodies T2 - Moscow Journal of Combinatorics and Number Theory N2 - Motivated by long-standing conjectures on the discretization of classical inequalities in the geometry of numbers, we investigate a new set of parameters, which we call packing minima, associated to a convex body K and a lattice Λ. These numbers interpolate between the successive minima of K and the inverse of the successive minima of the polar body of K and can be understood as packing counterparts to the covering minima of Kannan & Lovász (1988). As our main results, we prove sharp inequalities that relate the volume and the number of lattice points in K to the sequence of packing minima. Moreover, we extend classical transference bounds and discuss a natural class of examples in detail. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2140/moscow.2021.10.25 SN - 2640-7361 VL - 10 IS - 1 SP - 25 EP - 48 PB - Mathematical Sciences Publishers ER -